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Journal articles on the topic 'Foaming Index'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Cha, Sung Woon, Soo-hyun Cho, Joo Seong Sohn, Youngjae Ryu, and Jeonghun Ahn. "Reflectance According to Cell Size, Foaming Ratio and Refractive Index of Microcellular Foamed Amorphous Polymer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 6068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236068.

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Microcellular foamed plastic has a cell size of approximately 0.1 to 10 microns inside a foamed polymer and a cell density in the range of 109 to 1015 cells/cm3. Typically, the formation of numerous uniform cells inside a polymer can be effectively used for various purposes, such as lightweight materials, insulation and sound absorbing materials. However, it has recently been reported that these dense cell structures, which are induced through microcellular foaming, can affect the light passing through the medium, which affects the haze and permeability and causes the diffused reflection of li

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2

Ng, W. J., S. L. Ong, N. Sarada, J. Y. Hu, X. J. Fan, and W. S. Ang. "Quantification of foaming behaviour using foam index." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 3-4 (2000): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0413.

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The factors influencing foam index were identified and their effects on foam index were investigated. It was noted that increasing the diameter of the flotation cell led to an increase in foam index. The maximum foam index was found to occur at a constant air/solids ratio when MLSS was varied with time of aeration or airflow. A good degree of correlation was also obtained between filament count and foam index. A small concentration of Surfactants was sufficient to induce foaming. However, further increase in surfactants showed relatively little influence on Foam Index.

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3

Wu, Jianjun, Wentao Ma, Yinhua Liu, et al. "Study on Foaming Agent Foam Composite Index (FCI) Correlation with High Temperature and High Pressure for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071426.

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In the process of unconventional oil and gas reservoir exploitation, it is difficult to reduce drilling fluid lost in natural fractures, enhance the CO2 displacement effect and reduce foam drainage gas recovery costs. In most cases, foaming agents can solve these problems in a low-cost way in a short period of time. Foaming agent screening and evaluation is the key to this technology. However, there are few experimental tests used in the evaluation of foaming agent properties that match the actual unconventional oil or gas well conditions of high temperature and high pressure. Using the actual

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4

Wang, Feng Cheng, and Xue Feng Nan. "Study on Modified Asphalt Foaming Characteristic Basing on Energy Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1842.

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Studying on the modified asphalt foaming characteristic, the energy indexes of the actual maximum expansion ratio and the foam index influencing on the modified asphalt foaming effect is analyzed reasonably by varying moisture content. The results show that the half-life of modified foamed asphalt decay sharply with the decrease of SBS content (modified asphalt viscosity),the moisture being mainly applied to modified asphalt foaming is proved with actual max expansion ratio index and evaporated vastly with the decrease of SBS content (modified asphalt viscosity), the modified foamed asphalt st

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5

Zhang, Xiao, and Xin Xing Zhou. "Evaluation of Foaming and Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Soy-Based Polyurethane Foams." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.738.

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The foaming and nucleation and growth mechanism of soybean oil-based polyurethane (SPU) were determined by the degree of hydrogen bonding, and isocyanate groups. New types of SPU were prepared by the different NCO/OH molar ratio (isocyanate index) from 1.0 to 2.0 in a soy polyol/polyether polyol (MDI) system. Foaming and nucleation and growth mechanisms of SPU were studied by fluorescence microscope (FM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It indicated that the isocyanate index affected remarkably the velo

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6

Le Vo, Tam Dinh, Hoai Duc Le, Anh Thi Hoang Nguyen, et al. "Production of iron-binding protein hydrolysate with foaming and emul-sifying properties from featherback (Chitala ornata) skin." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 52 (2024): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v25i52.3477.

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This study utilized featherback skin to generate a versatile protein hydrolysate having capacities of iron chelation, emulsification, foaming and amino acid supplement. The hydrolysate obtained under the chosen condition (Alcalase, the skin:water ratio of 1:9 (w/v), pH 7.5, 55°C, enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio of 40 U/g protein, 4 h of hydrolysis) showed an iron-binding capacity (IBC) of 7085.2 ± 4.2 (μg Fe2+/g protein), being equivalent to that of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA). Together with a high content of hydrophobic amino acids (63.34 mg/L), in the pH range 3-8, t

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7

Yongjie, Zhang. "Analysis of factors affecting water stability of foam warm mix asphalt mixture." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801025.

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water stability of warm mix asphalt mixture based on foamed asphalt is the key evaluation index affecting its road performance. The moisture content in the production process of foamed asphalt is unfavorable to the water stability of warm mix asphalt mixture. In order to improve its water stability, through immersion Marshall test and freeze-thaw splitting test, taking foaming effect, asphalt temperature, foaming water consumption and polymer fiber content as influencing factors, the control variable method is used to study and analyze the influence of factors on the water stability of warm mi

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8

Zheng, Jiaxin, Congxiao Wang, Yuyin Zhao, Menghao Guo, Yadong He, and Chunling Xin. "The Synergy of Nanosilica and Zinc Diethyl Hypophosphite Influences the Flame Retardancy and Foaming Performance of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)." Advances in Polymer Technology 2023 (April 28, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4319998.

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In order to improve the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and maintain its excellent foamability, nanosilica (nano-SiO2), and zinc diethyl hypophosphite (ZDP) were selected as synergistic flame retardants, and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was used as a chain extender to carry out flame retardant and chain extension modification of PET simultaneously. The flame retardancy and flame-retardant mechanism of modified PET were characterized by limiting oxygen index, vertical combustion test, thermogravimetric analysis, and SEM. Dynamic rheological test and DSC were used to an

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9

Chen, Chao, Hao Xu, Lidong Zhang, et al. "Foam Systems for Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery by Double Improving Mobility Ratio." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102961.

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The recovery of heavy oil is challenging due to its high viscosity. Especially in water flooding, the high viscosity of heavy oil induces a high water/oil mobility ratio, resulting in frequent channeling and fingering. In the present work, the viscosity reduction in heavy oil caused by foaming agents is studied. Among the studied foam systems, the KX-048 foaming agent had the best oil viscosity reduction performance. It also shows excellent foaming performance, including large foam volume, long foam half-life, and high foam comprehensive index. With the reduction in oil viscosity, the KX-048 f

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10

Bresciani, Andrea, Gaetano Cardone, Costanza Jucker, Sara Savoldelli, and Alessandra Marti. "Technological Performance of Cricket Powder (Acheta domesticus L.) in Wheat-Based Formulations." Insects 13, no. 6 (2022): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060546.

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The recent socio-economic situation requires producers to change the composition of basic foods. The aim of this study was to assess the technological properties of wheat flour enriched with cricket powder (CP) (at 5%, 10%, and 20% levels) for the development of bread and pasta. The hydration (i.e., water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, water absorption index, water solubility index, and swelling power), foaming (i.e., foaming capacity and stability),emulsifying (emulsifying activity and emulsion stability), and rheological (during gluten aggregation, mixing, extension, and leave

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11

Calderon-Chiu, Carolina, Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo, and Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez. "Protein Fractions of Jackfruit Leaf Flour and Protein Concentrate: Amino Acid Profile, Functional Properties and Thermal Analysis." Applied Sciences 14, no. 20 (2024): 9155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14209155.

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This study aims to obtain protein fractions, such as albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin, from jackfruit leaf flour and protein concentrate (LPC). The protein fractions were characterised based on their protein content, amino acid profile, hydrosolubility, emulsifying, foaming, and thermal properties. The flour and LPC are mainly composed of prolamin and glutelin, respectively. The glutelin fractions presented a higher protein content and amino acid profile, featuring elevated leucine, valine, and glutamic acid levels. The glutelin fraction of LPC exhibited the highest hydrosolubility (2

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12

Zhang, Xinying, Yihan Chen, Chengzhi Yu, et al. "Identifying Bacteria and Sludge Characteristics of Foaming Sludge in Four Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants in Fujian Province, China." Processes 13, no. 1 (2025): 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010169.

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Biological foaming is a major problem in activated sludge (AS) wastewater treatment systems. In this study, four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (a total of six AS treatment systems) were investigated. The microscopic examination shows that foaming was mainly caused by gram-positive short branch microorganisms, sludge fragments, and/or other microorganisms, while the long unbranched filamentous was easy to cause bulking. The high throughput sequencing (HTS) and Linear discriminant analysis effect Size (LEfSe) identified the significant discrepancy of bacteria in foams compared to normal AS

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13

Paramitha, Putri Adhitana, Shih Huang Chen, Le Nguyen Hiep, Cheng Kai Huang, and Yi Yang Cheng. "Chemical and Foaming Analysis on Cold Mix Asphalt Performance with Recycled Asphalt Pavement." Materials Science Forum 1077 (December 15, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vrz3rv.

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Cold-mix asphalt has been developed in recent years by combining foamed asphalt and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). However, manufacturers struggled due to the less standardized specification. Foaming and mixing performance cannot be accurately controlled and are usually treated with a foaming agent (FA). This research focused on the relationship between the chemical composition of bitumen and its foaming properties. Three groups of AC-20 bitumen and organo-modified siloxanes based FA with water content of 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0% and 4.5%. were analyzed. Chemical components of diff

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14

Wang, Li Yan, Guang Qing Gai, Huan Yang Yu, and Wen Long Liu. "Preparation and Performance Investigation of Phenolic Foam." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1508.

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A phenolic foam(PF) with excellent performance was prepared with the raw materials containing of non-fluorine complex foaming agent,organic and inorganic acid complex curing agent, surfactant twain-80 and self-regulating phenolic resin.The effects of curing temperature,curing agent, foaming agent on curing time,apparent density,compression strength,thermal conductivity and oxygen index of PF were investigated.The optimal technological parameters were obtained.This has important guiding significance for preparation and modification research of PF

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15

Hu, Sheng, Jun Cai, Guofeng Liao, and Qiang Fu. "Preparation and Sound Insulation Performance of Superfine Metal Powder/Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber-Polyvinyl Chloride Microcellular Foaming Material." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (May 15, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7608641.

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Lightweight sound insulation materials have received much attention. In this study, a series of superfine metal powder (SFM)/nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microcellular foaming materials were prepared with NBR-PVC as matrix and SFM as modifiers by employing the method of molding foaming. Analysis on the morphology of cross section, pore size, and pore distribution possessed by SFM/NBR-PVC was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as the image processing software of Image-Pro. Then detailed discussion on the effect of SFM with different mass fraction

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16

Sharma, Priyanka, Amarjeet Kaur, and M. S. Alam. "Effect of processing on physico-chemical and functional properties of flours from cluster or guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) varieties." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (2016): 2120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1101.

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Guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) offers a potential source of vegetable protein and fibre, however, its utilization in food is yet to be explored. Along with the nutritional value, its effect on other properties of food is inevitable. Thus, the present study was carried to study the physicochemical and functional properties (water absorption index, water solubility index, foaming capacity, foaming stability, oil absoption capacity and gelling strength) of flours from different varieties of guar bean ( i.e. G 80, Ageta 112 and HG 365) and related to each other using Pearson correlation. Sign

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17

He, Hongyu, Lulu Li, Hong Liu, Bin Luo, Zhipeng Li, and Wenhuai Tian. "The Effects of a Crosslinking Agent on the Microrheological Properties and Cellular Structure of Silicone Rubber Foam Prepared via a Green Process." Materials 17, no. 3 (2024): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17030707.

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Chemical foaming technology is widely used in the preparation of silicone rubber foam and is attributable to its one-step molding capability and eco-friendly production processes. The microrheological properties of silicone rubber play a pivotal role during the foaming process. In this study, Rheolaser Lab (Formulaction, Toulouse, France) was used to conduct in situ examinations for the influence of a crosslinking agent on the microrheological properties of silicone rubber foam for the first time. This study monitors the entire reaction process of silicone rubber foam from liquid to solid, as

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18

Karina, Rona Malam, M. Hanifuddin, and Setyo Wibowo. "FOAMING CAN REDUCE LUBRICATION OF LUBRICANTS SO CAUSING WEAR." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 41, no. 3 (2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.41.3.332.

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Foaming on oil has a very undesirable effect which can cause an increase in oxidation by intensive mixture with air, damage to cavitation, and insufficient oil transportation in the lubrication circulation system which can cause poor lubrication. Adding the appropriate antifoam additives is one way to avoidfoaming. To determine the tendency of foaming formation which has an impact on the stability of the performance of lubricating oil, so that there is wear and tear in research in the laboratory by means of; 6 types of lubricating oil taken from the market are tested for viscosity, index visco

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19

Pal, Netra, Suraj Mandal, Km Shiva, and Bijender Kumar. "Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Mallotus philippensis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 5 (2022): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5675.

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The present study was aimed at Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological evaluation of the plant Mallotus Philippinensis family- Euphorbiaceae. Pharmacognostical investigation were carried out by performing organoleptic, microscopical and physicochemical evaluation i.e. ash values, extractive values, moisture content, swelling index, foaming index and foreign matter. The obtained results showed that the moisture content was found to be 1.74%. Similarly swelling index was recorded to be (0.8cm). Foaming index (less than 100). Phytochemical investigation included successive soxhlet ex

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20

Hladikova, K., I. Ruzickova, P. Klucova, and J. Wanner. "An investigation into studying of the activated sludge foaming potential by using physicochemical parameters." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (2002): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0529.

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This paper examines how the physicochemical characteristics of the solids are related to foam formation and describes how the foaming potential of full-scale plants can be assessed. The relations among activated sludge and biological foam hydrophobicity, scum index, aeration tank cover and filamentous population are evaluated. Individual parameter comparison reveals the scumming intensity can be estimated only on the assumption that foams is already established. None of the above mentioned characteristics can be reliably used to predict the foaming episodes at wastewater treatment plants.

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21

Huang, Po-Wei, Hsin-Shu Peng, Sheng-Jye Hwang, and Chao-Tsai Huang. "Study on the Flow, Foaming Characteristics and Structural Strength of Polypropylene Structural Foam Injection Molding by Innovative Nitrogen and Molten Plastic Mixing Mechanism." Polymers 15, no. 9 (2023): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092116.

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Plastic foam molding methods include thermoforming, extrusion and injection molding. Injection foam molding is a one-time molding method with high production efficiency and good product quality. It is suitable for foamed plastic products with complex shapes and strict size requirements. It is also the main method for producing structural bubbles. In this investigation, we developed a structural foam injection molding technology using the gas supply equipment connected to the unique plasticizing mechanism of the injection machine and studied its influence on the specimens’ melt rheology quality

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22

A.O., Akinsola,. "Functional Properties and Chemical Composition of Yellow and White Cassava Flours." Nutrition and Food Processing 8, no. 4 (2025): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/301.

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Functional and chemical composition of yellow and white cassava flour was studied. The cassava flours were labeled CW (white cassava flour) and CY (yellow cassava flour). The functional and chemical composition of the cassava flours were evaluated using standard analytical methods. The functional properties result of the cassava flours showed that bulk density ranged from 0.78-0.81 g/ml, water absorption capacity ranged from 8.33 to 8.50 g/g, oil absorption capacity from 8.20-8.43 g/g, emulsion capacity from 47.22-52.73 g/g, emulsion stability from 45.12-48.58 %, foaming capacity 11.48-14.27 %

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23

Morales, R. D., H. Rodríguez-Hernández, A. Vargas-Zamora, and A. N. Conejo. "Concept of dynamic foaming index and its application to control of slag foaming in electric arc furnace steelmaking." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 29, no. 6 (2002): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030192302225004629.

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24

Tian, Mei, Yi Wu, Yuhua Shi, et al. "Experimental Investigation on Temperature-Resistant CO2 Foam Flooding in a Heterogenous Reservoir." Energies 18, no. 1 (2024): 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010089.

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Gas channeling treatment is a huge challenge for oil displacement and CO2 sequestration in the practical CO2 flooding process. The foaming agents can be used in the gas flooding process, which presents good application potential for gas channeling blockage. However, high temperature can affect surfactant foaming properties. This work takes a high-temperature heterogenous sandstone oil reservoir as an example; the foaming performance of different surfactants was evaluated via foamability, thermal stability, crude oil tolerance ability, and dynamic blocking capacity. The profile control performa

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25

Wang, Dong Wei, Xiao Xian Zhang, Dan Na Yang, and Sai Li. "Study of Preparation and Properties of Fire-Retardant Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Foam." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.634.

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Melamine formaldehyde (MF) foam is a kind of fire-retardant material, which has many excellent properties. In this paper, the effect of foaming agent on foam-cell structure of MF foam was discussed, along with the compressive property, the water absorption and its thermo gravimetric behavior as well as its fire-retardant property behaved by limited oxygen index (LOI). Through the analysis of different factors affected on MF foam and its properties we hope to get practical products with good properties. Keywords: melamine foam; foaming agent; foam-structure; thermal property; fire-retardancy;

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26

Cais-Sokolińska, Dorota, Joanna Teichert, and Jolanta Gawałek. "Foaming and Other Functional Properties of Freeze-Dried Mare’s Milk." Foods 12, no. 11 (2023): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12112274.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the freeze-drying process on the preservation of mare’s milk. This was achieved through the characterization of the functional properties of reconstituted freeze-dried mare’s milk. The chemical composition, bulk density, foam capacity, and ability to form emulsions of the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid index were investigated. The freeze-drying process did not change the proportion of the milk components in the dry matter. The moisture content of the freeze-dried mare’s milk was 10.3 g/kg and the bulk was below

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27

Amran, Umar Adli, Kushairi Mohd Salleh, Sarani Zakaria, et al. "Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Using Polyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Biomass: Variation of Isocyanate Indexes." Polymers 13, no. 18 (2021): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183072.

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Development of polyurethane foam (PUF) containing bio-based components is a complex process that requires extensive studies. This work reports on the production of rigid PUFs from polyol obtained via liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass with different isocyanate (NCO) indexes. The effect of the NCO index on the physical, chemical and compressive properties of the liquefied EFB-based PUF (EFBPUF) was evaluated. The EFBPUFs showed a unique set of properties at each NCO index. Foaming properties had affected the apparent density and cellular morphology of the EFBPUFs. Increasi

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28

Iwański, Mateusz M., Anna Chomicz-Kowalska, and Krzysztof Maciejewski. "Effect of Surface Active Agent (SAA) on 50/70 Bitumen Foaming Characteristics." Materials 12, no. 21 (2019): 3514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213514.

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To ensure the standard properties of half-warm asphalt (HWA) mixes produced with foamed bitumen, the binder needs to have the best possible characteristics. One way to attain this is to modify the bitumen before it is foamed. The 50/70 penetration bitumen used in this study, was modified with a surface active agent (SAA) at different rates (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% by wt.). The effect of the modifier on the bitumen properties (penetration, softening point, the Fraass breaking point, dynamic viscosity at 60 °C, 90 °C, and 135 °C) and on the binder foaming parameters (expansion ratio - ER, half-life

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29

Zhang, Xiangsong, and Yonglin Zhang. "Foaming study of polyurethane insulation for cold storage based on aspen plus." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2951, no. 1 (2025): 012132. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2951/1/012132.

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Abstract Based on a polyurethane high-pressure foaming device, the process of synthesizing polyurethane from isocyanate (-NCO) and polyether polyol (-OH) under the catalytic effect of various additives was simulated. Using the Aspen Plus software platform, a flow model of the polyurethane high-pressure foaming process was established. The effects of isocyanate index, reaction temperature, catalyst mixing ratio, and other factors on the polyurethane process were investigated. The sensitivity analysis of the data was carried out by Energy Analyzer, and the optimized process operating parameters

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30

Gong, Sijia, Xuefeng Shi, Jiangxia Zheng, et al. "Effect of Xanthan Gum, Kappa–Carrageenan, and Guar Gum on the Functional Characteristics of Egg White Liquid and Intermolecular Interaction Mechanism." Foods 11, no. 14 (2022): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142119.

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This study evaluated the effects of three polysaccharides, xanthan gum (XG), kappa-carrageenan (CA), and guar gum (GG), on the foaming and emulsifying properties of egg white liquid (EWL) and explored the intermolecular interactions and aggregation states in the initial polysaccharide–EWL complex. The results showed that the addition of XG and GG significantly improved the foaming stability of EWL on the one hand, from 66% to 78% and 69%, respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the addition of XG and GG significantly improved the foam uniformity and density, and the average foam area de

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31

Kavle, Ruchita Rao, Patrick James Nolan, Alaa El-Din Ahmed Bekhit, Alan Carne, James David Morton, and Dominic Agyei. "Physicochemical Characteristics, Techno-Functionalities, and Amino Acid Profile of Prionoplus reticularis (Huhu) Larvae and Pupae Protein Extracts." Foods 12, no. 2 (2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020417.

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The amino acid profile, techno-functionalities (foaming stability/capacity, emulsion stability/capacity, solubility, and coagulation), and physicochemical characteristics (colour, particle size, surface hydrophobicity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry) of protein extracts (PE) obtained from Prionoplus reticularis (Huhu grub) larvae (HLPE) and pupae (HPPE) were investigated. Total essential amino acid contents of 386.7 and 411.7 mg/g protein were observed in HLPE and HPPE, respectively. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 3.3 and 3.4 for HLPE

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32

Charoenchokpanich, Wiriya, Pratchaya Muangrod, Sittiruk Roytrakul, et al. "Influence of extraction times on physical and functional properties of gelatin from salted jellyfish by-products." E3S Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235502014.

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By-products of the marine industry have gained attention for producing valuable food ingredients like gelatin, which might benefit food applications and decrease food waste. Gelatin is the only protein-based food hydrocolloid, mainly used for gelling, viscosity, or emulsifying in the food industry. So far, a number of researchers have reported that by-products of salted jellyfish can produce jellyfish gelatin. The quality of jellyfish gelatin gel depends on several factors including hydrochloric acid pretreatment, extraction temperature, and extraction time. However, the functional properties

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33

Al-Bachir, Mahfouz. "Functional properties of Syrian dried kishk effected by gamma irradiation treatments." Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies 2024 (30), no. 3 (2024): 312–19. https://doi.org/10.59463/japt.2024.2.28.

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This study investigated the physical and functional properties of Syrian dried kishk (SDK) treated with 0, 5, 10 and 15 kGy doses of gamma irradiation. Physical and functional analyses of SDK were evaluated immediately after irradiation. Used doses of gamma irradiation significantly increased Tap density (TD), carr index (CI), Hauser’s ratio (HR), angle of repose, oil holding capacity (OHC), and solubility. While, the same doses of gamma irradiation (5, 10, and 15 kGy) reduced bulk density (BD), hydrophilic-lipophilic ratios (HLR), and least gelations concentration (LGC). Laboratory examinatio

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Ren, J., Ch Song, P. Wang, S. Li, N. Kopparapu, and X. Zheng. "Modification of structural and functional properties of sunflower 11S globulin hydrolysates." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, No. 5 (2016): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/154/2015-cjfs.

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The structural and functional properties such as solubility, emulsifying properties, foaming properties, oil binding capacity, and surface hydrophobicity of sunflower 11S globulin hydrolysates generated by Alcalase at hydrolysis time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min were evaluated. Circular dichroism analysis showed the hydrolysates possessed a decreased α-helix and β-structure. The hydrolysates exhibited lower surface hydrophobicity. Hydrolysates with shorter hydrolysis time showed the higher emulsifying activity index, but the same emulsion stability and oil binding capacity compared to the origin

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Yang, He Hong, Pei Jun Li, Bao Hua Kong, et al. "Improvements in Functionalities of Porcine Serum Protein Hydrolysates Induced by Free Hydroxyl Radical." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1487.

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Hydrolysated peptides from kinds of proteins have been applied as natural ingredients in food industry, mainly due to their good functional properties. However, the fate of them under different processing conditions is rarely understood. In our study, changes of functional properties in porcine plasma protein hydrolysates (PPH) were evaluated in a free hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation system. PPH was obtained by hydrolyzing porcine plasma protein with Alcalase for 5 h at pH 8.0, 55°C. When exposed to free radical-mediated oxidation, functional properties of PPH improved dramatically with gr

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Thongpin, C., and L. Angsupanich. "Effect of Blowing Agents on Properties of Cellular rubber of Natural rubber / Chloroprene blends." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1280, no. 1 (2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1280/1/012020.

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Abstract Cellular or sponge rubber can be by expansion of fluid state by gas produced from decomposition of foaming agents [1]. It can be manufactured from various types of rubber and chemicals depending on properties required [2]. Natural rubber can give excellent mechanical properties except for thermal ageing [3]. The objectives of this work were to improve thermal ageing of NR foam by incorporating chloroprene rubber, CR, into NR and foaming NR/CR blends. In order to study the effects of the type of chemical blowing agents on the properties of cellular NR/CR rubber blends, azodicarbonamide

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Salehi, Shahriyar, Fatemeh Raouf Fard, Seyed Mohammad Hashem Hosseini, Hadi Hashemi, and Mehrdad Niakousari. "Physicochemical and Rheological Characterization of a Novel Manna Exudate from Alhagi pseudalhagi (Iranian Tarangabin)." Journal of Food Quality 2024 (May 20, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6610629.

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Tarangabin manna (TM) is a resinous substance having a yellowish sticky character with a reasonably sweet taste. It is largely collected in Iran and Afghanistan. This study for the first time presents a comprehensive investigation of the techno-functional, rheological, and interfacial characteristics of water-soluble components for TM. The composition analysis revealed protein, moisture, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents of 1.58, 2.98, 0.51, 2.04, and 92.90%, respectively. The effects of TM concentration on the physicochemical, structural, rheological, interfacial, emulsion, and foaming abil

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Kravchenko, I. V., V. A. Furalyov, E. V. Kostyleva, et al. "Effect of Different Classes of Proteases on Techno-functional Properties of Pea Protein Isolates." Прикладная биохимия и микробиология 60, no. 1 (2024): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0555109924010089.

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The effect of four enzyme preparations: bacillolysin, agroprot, protozyme and protozyme C (Russia) on solubility, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, foaming and foam stability of isolates preparated from two varieties of peas was studied. It is shown that treatment with enzymes can increase the solubility of isolates at pH 5 by more than 7 times, the index of emulsifying activity at pH 5 by 1.5 to 2 times, and at pH 6 by almost 1.5 times; the stability index of the emulsion increased by about 20% at pH 5, and by 1.7 times (in one of the varieties) at pH 6; foaming increased by 2.4 to 3

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A. F., Ogori,. "Physiochemical and Functional Properties of (Balanites Aeqyptiaca. Del) Hydrolysates by Pepsin and Pancreatin Proteases." Nutrition and Food Processing 6, no. 3 (2023): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/123.

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Enzymatic hydrolysates from underutilized desert date could produce functional ingredient for desert region and population of the world. The current study investigated the physiochemical and functional properties of hydrolysates from Balanites aeqyptiaca using pancreatin, pepsin and combined pancreatin and pepsin enzymes. The hydrolysate obtained through the addition of the enzyme pancreatin, and pepsin combined gave (45.1%) yield. On the other hand, pancreatin hydrolysate gave maximum (45.9%) yield and pepsin hydrolysate was (37.4%) .The combined hydrolysate has maximum protein (80.58%),ash c

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Thanaratikul, Porntip, and Janwipa Supaking. "The Effect of Foam-mat Drying Parameters on the Quality of Instant Porridge Fortified with Kale as a Calcium source." Journal of Current Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (2024): 82. https://doi.org/10.59796/jcst.v15n1.2025.82.

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The objective of this research was to develop instant porridge fortified with calcium for the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the effects of foaming and drying processes on the quality parameters of Leuang Pratew brown rice instant porridge. The results showed that using a 20% concentration of foaming agent and a whipping time of 10 minutes was suitable for producing the instant porridge. The foam porridge exhibited low density, high stability, and significant overrun. The optimized process for foam-mat drying involved a drying temperature of 65ºC and a drying time of 2 hours. The pro

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Lyu, Jiaxun, Tao Liu, Zhenhao Xi, and Ling Zhao. "Effect of pre-curing process on epoxy resin foaming using carbon dioxide as blowing agent." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 2 (2016): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16639235.

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A thermosetting epoxy resin system consisting of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and m-xylylenediamine (MXDA) was successfully foamed by carbon dioxide (CO2) using two-step batch process. Isothermal curing kinetics of epoxy system was developed to help control the pre-curing degree of resin under different pre-curing conditions. Samples with different pre-curing degrees were prepared and then foamed via temperature-rising foaming process. It was found that the pre-curing degree was a crucial index for the foamability of epoxy resin. The effects of pre-curing conditions on curing reactio

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Sobolewski, Mirosław, Bernard Król, Jakub Jakubiec, and Dominika Gancarczyk. "Proportioning accuracy of foam concentrate testing in periodic control of foam fixed extinguishing systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700046.

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The proper concentration of foam concentrate in water solution is a key factor in the effectiveness of fire-fighting foams produced using all currently used foam systems. The standard method for measuring the concentration of foaming agent, used to control the operation of the foam systems, is conductivity method. In this study, the applicability of the refractive index of the solution and the conductivity method was tested. The research found that the conductivity method can be used to determine the actual concentrations of all types of foaming agents in the solutions made from tap water, or

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Nechyporenko, O. L., A. V. Berezovskyy, T. I. Fotina, and R. V. Petrov. "Investigation of corrosion activity and foaming properties of biocide “DezSan”." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 21, no. 93 (2019): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9315.

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The article presents data on the study of corrosion activity and foaming properties of biocide “DezSan”. One of the main characteristics of a biocide is its corrosive activity. The use of a biocide in a poultry house involves getting it on metal, rubber, plastic surfaces, and the like. The biocide should provide minimal aggressive effect on the surface data. In the industrial poultry industry, the most frequently used equipment with surfaces made of stainless steel, aluminum and galvanized iron. Also, when choosing a biocide, pay attention to its foaming properties. They should not exceed 40%,

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Wang, Simeng, Xianmeng Xu, Shunmin Wang, Junzhen Wang, and Wenping Peng. "Effects of Microwave Treatment on Structure, Functional Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Germinated Tartary Buckwheat Protein." Foods 11, no. 10 (2022): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101373.

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Tartary buckwheat protein (TBP) has promise as a potential source of novel natural nutrient plant protein ingredients. The modulating effects of microwave pretreatment at varying powers and times on the structure, functional properties, and antioxidant activities of germinated TBP were investigated. Compared with native germinated TBP, after microwave pretreatment, the content of free sulfhydryl groups in the germinated TBP increased, and the secondary structure changes showed a significant decrease in α-helix and an increase in random coil contents, and the intensity of the ultraviolet absorp

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Batariuc, Ana, Mădălina Ungureanu-Iuga, and Silvia Mironeasa. "Effects of Dry Heat Treatment and Milling on Sorghum Chemical Composition, Functional and Molecular Characteristics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 11881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411881.

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This study aimed to highlight the effects of grains dry heat treatment, flour particle size and variety on sorghum flour nutritional, functional, and molecular characteristics. The results obtained showed that dry heat treatment led to fat, fiber and water absorption capacity increase, while the moisture, protein, ash, water retention capacity, solubility index, foaming capacity, and FT-IR absorption bands characteristic to phytic acids decreased with temperature applied raised. Particle size reduction determined lower protein, solubility index, and emulsifying activity and higher fat content,

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Guo, Wenwen, Keying Ding, Kaiyuan Su, et al. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Glycosylation with Glucose on the Functional and Structural Properties of Fish Gelatin." Gels 9, no. 2 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020119.

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The effects of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation (UG) with glucose (GLU) on the emulsifying properties, foaming properties, gelling properties, and structural properties of fish gelatin (FG) were investigated. It was shown that UG with high power and a long duration facilitated the Maillard reaction through the reduction of the free amino acid contents. UG significantly improved the emulsifying ability index and foaming capacity of FG whilst decreasing the gel strength. Rheological analysis showed that UG modification prolonged the gelling time by hindering the triple-helix formation and decre

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Sharma, V. K., B. Mazumder, and P. P. Sharma. "ANTIMICROBIAL AND POWDER CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL DENTIFRICES." INDIAN DRUGS 50, no. 11 (2013): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.11.p0039.

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The consumption of edible products strongly recommends the regular hygiene of oral cavity. Various dental products of allopathic and herbal origin are used as dentifrices. The dentifrices are considered safe and effective in terms of cleansing effect of oral cavity and antimicrobial effect against microbes causing bad smell and diseases such as gingivitis, pyorrhea etc. These characteristics of preparations are basically related to physicochemical properties of ingredients present in their composition and some how on directions of their use. In the present study, the marketed allopathic dentif

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Pineda Vargas, Angie Juliana, Clara María Mejía Doria, and Alba Lucia Duque Cifuentes. "Evaluation of the drying effect on some properties of cidra flour Sechium edule (Jacq) Sw." DYNA 87, no. 214 (2020): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n214.72947.

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Alternative flours from plant sources such as cidra, are options to reduce the use of wheat flour in the production of food products. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of drying on some technological functional properties of cidra flour. The sliced cidra was dried at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C using: combined drying hot air recirculation-microwave with pulses of 4/40 seconds and drying by hot air recirculation, then obtained the flour and evaluated the techno-functional properties: index of absorption of water, capacity of retention of oil and water, capacity of swelling an

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Chique, Jhon, Lina Uribe, Marek Pawlik, Andres Ramirez, and Leopoldo Gutierrez. "Foaming Properties of Lignosulfonates in the Flotation Process." Polymers 15, no. 17 (2023): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173575.

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The widely used technology for the selective flotation of copper and molybdenite using sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) to depress copper sulfides creates environmental issues related to the potential emissions of toxic hydrosulfide gas (H2S) and bad odors. Previous studies showed that molybdenite flotation can be depressed by the action of lignosulfonates, but no significant progress has been made in studying the effect that these reagents have on the foaming/frothing phenomena in flotation. The objective of this work was to investigate the foaming properties of three samples of lignosulfonates thr

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Dutta, Minakshi, Nagesh C. R., Rosalin Laishram, et al. "Impact of Autoclaving on Functional Properties of Pigeon Pea Protein Isolates." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 31, no. 1 (2025): 472–82. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i12790.

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Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a protein-rich legume crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, serving as a vital dietary protein source, particularly where protein malnutrition is a concern. The protein fractions in pigeon pea seeds are primarily composed of albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin, with globulins accounting for nearly 60% of the total protein. Despite its nutritional value, pigeon pea protein remains underutilized in plant protein market. This study investigated the impact of autoclaving treatment on the functional properties of protein isolates obtained fr

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