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Academic literature on the topic 'Focal lesion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Focal lesion"

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Kezele, I. B., J. T. Chen, D. L. Arnold, and D. L. Collins. "The relation of focal white matter signal abnormality and focal volume loss in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 6 (February 9, 2007): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506074177.

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There were two aims to this study. First, to explore how the reduction in the volume of abnormal T2-signal intensity associated with white matter (WM) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) relates to tissue loss resulting from focal pathology inside lesions. Second, to demonstrate that this volume of abnormal T2-signal intensity underestimates the actual size of the region to which the direct effects of lesion activity extend. For these purposes, we used deformation field analysis to quantify the evolution of local atrophy associated with a chronic peri-ventricular lesion in a patient with secondary progressive MS. This subject had particular features that may not necessarily co-exist in a group of unselected patients, which enabled interesting observations to be made. We show, quantitatively, that the focal WM lesion was associated with adjacent regional WM volume loss, which was disproportionate to concurrent diffuse atrophy in the rest of the normal appearing brain tissue, and that the loss of volume associated with the lesion was partially reciprocated by local ventricular expansion. Our observations re-emphasise the complex relationship between the change in the volume of abnormal signal intensity on magnetic resonance images and the tissue volume change directly related to lesion pathology. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 809-813. http:// msj.sagepub.com

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Zepeda, Angelica, Luis Vaca, Clorinda Arias, and Frank Sengpiel. "Reorganization of Visual Cortical Maps after Focal Ischemic Lesions." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 23, no. 7 (July 2003): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000075010.31477.1e.

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Plasticity after central lesions may result in the reorganization of cortical representations of the sensory input. Visual cortex reorganization has been extensively studied after peripheral (retinal) lesions, but focal cortical lesions have received less attention. In this study, we investigated the organization of retinotopic and orientation preference maps at different time points after a focal ischemic lesion in the primary visual cortex (V1). We induced a focal photochemical lesion in V1 of kittens and assessed, through optical imaging of intrinsic signals, the functional cortical layout immediately afterwards and at 4, 13, 33, and 40 days after lesion. We analyzed histologic sections and evaluated temporal changes of functional maps. Histological analysis showed a clear lesion at all time points, which shrank over time. Imaging results showed that the retinotopic and orientation preference maps reorganize to some extent after the lesion. Near the lesion, the cortical retinotopic representation of one degree of visual space expands over time, while at the same time the area of some orientation domains also increases. These results show that different cortical representations can reorganize after a lesion process and suggest a mechanism through which filling-in of a cortical scotoma can occur in cortically damaged patients.

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Shiozawa, Kazue, Manabu Watanabe, Takashi Ikehara, Michio Kogame, Mie Shinohara, Masao Shinohara, Koji Ishii, Yoshinori Igarashi, Hiroyuki Makino, and Yasukiyo Sumino. "Evaluation of Hemodynamics in Focal Steatosis and Focal Spared Lesion of the Liver Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Sonazoid." Radiology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/604594.

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We aim to investigate the hemodynamics in focal steatosis and focal spared lesion of the liver using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid. The subjects were 47 patients with focal steatosis and focal spared lesion. We evaluated enhancement patterns (hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, and hypoenhancement) in the vascular phase and the presence or absence of a hypoechoic area in the postvascular phase for these lesions using CEUS. Of the 24 patients with focal steatosis, the enhancement pattern was isoenhancement in 19 and hypoenhancement in 5. Hypoechoic areas were noted in the postvascular phase in 3 patients. Of the 23 patients with focal spared lesions, the enhancement pattern was isoenhancement in 18 and hyperenhancement in 5. No hypoechoic areas were noted in the postvascular phase in any patient. The hemodynamics in focal steatosis and focal spared lesions in nondiffuse fatty liver can be observed using low-invasive procedures in real-time by CEUS. It was suggested that differences in the dynamics of enhancement in the vascular phase of CEUS were influenced by the fat deposits in the target lesion, the surrounding liver parenchyma, and the third inflow.

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TOTI, P., A. M. CATELLA, and A. BENVENUTI. "Focal myositis?a pseudotumoral lesion." Histopathology 24, no. 2 (February 1994): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01298.x.

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Madsen, Ernest L., James A. Zagzebski, Micheal C. Macdonald, and Gary R. Frank. "Ultrasound focal lesion detectability phantoms." Medical Physics 18, no. 6 (November 1991): 1171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.596589.

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Roebuck, Derek. "Focal liver lesion in children." Pediatric Radiology 38, S3 (May 10, 2008): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-0850-9.

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Albuquerque, Felipe C., Elad I. Levy, Aquilla S. Turk, David B. Niemann, Beverly Aagaard-Kienitz, G. Lee Pride, Phillip D. Purdy, et al. "ANGIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF WINGSPAN IN-STENT RESTENOSIS." Neurosurgery 63, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000335067.53190.a2.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE A classification system developed to characterize in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting was modified and applied to describe the appearance and distribution of ISR occurring after Wingspan (Boston Scientific, Fremont, CA) intracranial percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting. METHODS A prospective, intention-to-treat, multicenter registry of Wingspan treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease was maintained. Clinical and angiographic follow-up results were recorded. ISR was defined as greater than 50% stenosis within or immediately adjacent (within 5 mm) to the implanted stent(s) and greater than 20% absolute luminal loss. ISR lesions were classified by angiographic pattern, location, and severity in comparison with the original lesion treated. RESULTS Imaging follow-up (3–15.5 months) was available for 127 intracranial stenotic lesions treated with Wingspan percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting. Forty-one lesions (32.3%) developed either ISR (n = 36 [28.3%]) or complete stent occlusion (n = 5 [3.9%]) after treatment. When restenotic lesions were characterized using the modified classification system, 25 of 41 (61.0%) were focal lesions involving less than 50% of the length of the stented segment: three were Type IA (focal stenosis involving one end of the stent), 21 were Type IB (focal intrastent stenosis involving a segment completely contained within the stent), and one was Type IC (multiple noncontiguous focal stenoses). Eleven lesions (26.8%) demonstrated diffuse stenosis (>50% of the length of the stented segment): nine were Type II with diffuse intrastent stenosis (completely contained within the stent) and two were Type III with proliferative ISR (extending beyond the stented segment). Five stents were completely occluded at follow-up (Type IV). Of the 36 ISR lesions, 16 were less severe or no worse than the original lesion with respect to severity of stenosis or length of the segment involved; 20 lesions were more severe than the original lesion with respect to the segment length involved (n = 5), actual stenosis severity (n = 6), or both (n = 9). Nine of 10 supraclinoid internal carotid artery ISR lesions and nine of 13 middle cerebral artery ISR lesions were more severe than the original lesion. CONCLUSION Wingspan ISR typically occurs as a focal lesion. In more than half of ISR cases, the ISR lesion was more extensive than the original lesion treated in terms of lesion length or stenosis severity. Supraclinoid internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery lesions have a propensity to develop more severe posttreatment stenosis.

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Bulut, Emel Uzun, Aydan Acikgoz, Bora Ozan, Ayse Zeynep Zengin, and Omer Gunhan. "Expansive Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 1 (2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1105.

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ABSTRACT Aim To present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis. Background Cemento-osseous dysplasia is categorized into three subtypes on the basis of the clinical and radiographic features: Periapical, focal and florid. The focal type exhibits a single site of involvement in any tooth-bearing or edentulous area of the jaws. These lesions are usually asymptomatic; therefore, they are frequently diagnosed incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. Lesions are usually benign, show limited growth, and do not require further surgical intervention, but periodic follow-up is recommended because occasionally, this type of dysplasia progresses into florid osseous dysplasia and simple bone cysts are formed. Case report A 24-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic for swelling in the left edentulous mandibular premolarmolar region and felt discomfort when she wore her prosthetics. She had no pain, tenderness or paresthesia. Clinical examination showed that the swelling in the posterior mandible that was firm, nonfluctuant and covered by normal mucosa. On panoramic radiography and computed tomography, a welldefined lesion of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter of mixed density was observed. The swelling increased slightly in size over 2 years making it difficult to use prosthetics and, therefore, the lesion was totally excised under local anesthesia, and surgical specimens were submitted for histopathological examination. The histopathological diagnosis was focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Conclusion In the present case, because of the increasing size of the swelling making it difficult to use prosthetics, young age of the patient and localization of the lesion, in the initial examination, cemento-ossifying fibroma was suspected, and the lesion was excised surgically; the histopathological diagnosis confirmed it as focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Clinical significance We present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Differential diagnosis is essential because ossifying fibroma is a real neoplastic entity. How to cite this article Uzun Bulut E, Acikgoz A, Ozan B, Zengin AZ, Gunhan O. Expansive Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):115-118.

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Liao, Ai-Ho, Ya-Chien Cheng, Chien-Hsiu Weng, Ting-Fen Tsai, Wei-Hsiang Lin, Shiou-Hwei Yeh, Wen-Chun Yeh, and Pai-Chi Li. "Characterization of Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Contrast-Enhanced 40 MHz Ultrasound Imaging in Hepatitis B Virus X Transgenic Mice: A Feasibility Study." Ultrasonic Imaging 30, no. 4 (October 2008): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460803000402.

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging has been a reliable clinical method of detecting three vascular contrast phases and characterizing focal liver lesions. Previous results were all from human (i.e., clinical studies). The main purpose of this study was to extend this to small animals and to investigate the feasibility of using CEUS in preclinical research. Specifically, high-frequency (40 MHz) ultrasound liver imaging with albumin-shelled microbubbles was employed to detect the three vascular contrast phases and characterize focal liver lesions that developed in thirteen Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) transgenic mice at around 14 to 16 months of age. Previous studies indicated that 90–100% incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was observed in HBx transgenic male mice. After injecting the contrast agent, the time-intensity curves (TICs) of focal liver lesions, vessels in focal liver lesions and surrounding liver parenchyma tissues were measured for 30 minutes. The peak of mean intensity relative to the baseline increased 7.36 dB (p<0.02). On the other hand, the mean contrast between the focal liver lesion and the liver parenchyma increased by 7.74 (p<0.05) dB, thus allowing clear detection of the lesion margin. Histopathology investigations confirmed the development of the lesion in these mice. In addition, guidelines of European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology were followed as an attempt to characterize features of the TICs in mice. The arterial phase was defined as 2 to 60 seconds post contrast injection, and the parenchyma phase was defined as the time period from 10 to 30 minutes post contrast injection. Comparing the imaging with the pathology results, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CEUS for the detection of malignant focal liver lesion in HBx transgenic mice were 91%, 100% and 92%. These results demonstrated that high-frequency CEUS imaging potentially can be used for detecting the three vascular contrast phases of malignant focal liver lesions and characterizing malignant focal liver lesions in mice. Thus can be a valuable tool in preclinical research.

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Mody, Dhawal, Anchal Prajapati, Girish Bodhare, and Vrushali Lathiya. "FOCAL FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA: A CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INSIGHT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12740.

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Fibrous type gingival overgrowth is commonly seen in oral cavity and can be either benign or malignant lesions. Chronic irritation is one of the most common causes of nonneoplastic type of lesion. Focal fibrous hyperplasia also called as irritational or traumatic fibroma usually can be self limiting in nature or sometimes excision is recommended. Present case report demonstrates clinical and histological insight on the lesion.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Focal lesion"

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Wisnowski, Jessica Lee. "The specificity of visual recognition impairments following focal brain damage." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/136.

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Ungaro, Daniela Maria de Toledo. "Estimativa do tempo de reparo ósseo em dentes com lesão periapical tratados endodonticamente utilizando modelagem matemática /." São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157149.

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Orientador: Ana Paulo Martins Gomes
Coorientador: Jorge Kennety Silva Formiga
Banca: Symone Cristina Teixeira
Banca: Denise Pontes Raldi
Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar, com a ajuda de um modelo matemático, o tempo estimado para ocorrer reparo ósseo em dentes com lesão periapical tratados endodonticamente e comparar o volume da lesão periapical (em mm3) após a utilização de dois tipos de medicação intracanal. Para isso, foram selecionados 34 dentes unirradiculares com lesão periapical de pacientes da Disciplina de Endodontia do ICT/SJC-UNESP que necessitavam de tratamento endodôntico. Após a seleção dos dentes, foram obtidas radiografias periapicais (RP) e tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) antes de iniciar o tratamento endodôntico (T0). Os dentes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a medicação intracanal utilizada (n=17): G1 - Hidróxido de cálcio associado à Clorexidina Gel 2% e G2 - Ultracal XS®. Foram obtidas novas radiografias periapicais e tomografias (TCFC) após o término do tratamento endodôntico (T1), sendo outras após 3 meses (T2) e também após 6 meses (T3). Os arquivos das tomografias foram exportados no formato DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) para avaliar a volumetria das lesões pré e pós tratamento (em voxel/mm3) pelo processo de segmentação semiautomático em todos os períodos de tempo pré-estabelecidos (T0, T1, T2 e T3), por meio do software de livre acesso ITK-SNAP1.4.1 (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA). Após a análise da volumetria das lesões periapicais em todos os períodos de tempo, os dados obtidos foram utilizados pa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the estimated time for bone repair in teeth with periapical lesions treated endodontically and to compare the volume of the periapical lesion (in mm3) with the help of a mathematical model after the use of two types of intracanal medication. For this, 34 single rooted teeth with periapical lesion were selected from patients of the Endodontic Discipline of the ICT/SJC-UNESP who needed endodontic treatment. After the teeth were selected, periapical radiography (RP) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were obtained before starting the endodontic treatment. The teeth were divided into two groups according to the intracanal medications used (n=17): G1 - Calcium hydroxide associated with 2% chlorhexidine gel and G2 - Ultracal XS®. New periapical radiographs and tomographys (CBCT) were obtained after endodontic treatment (T1), others after 3 months (T2) and after 6 months (T3). The files of CBCT were exported in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format to evaluate the volumetry of pre and post-treatment lesions (voxel/mm3 ) by the semi-automatic segmentation process at all the pre-established time periods (T0, T1, T2, T3) through the free access software ITK SNAP-1.4.1 (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA). After the analysis of the periapical lesion volume in all time periods, the data were used to construct a mathematical model that was used to estimate the bone repair time of the lesion. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by Student's t - test of independent samples (p <0.05). ). There was a decrease in the volume of the periapical lesion in endodontically treated cases and the intracanal medication used, whether calcium hydroxide + chlorhexidine gel 2% or Ultracal®, did not present a significant difference in bone repair time nor in the periapical lesion volume in the...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Da, Cruz Trevor Anthony. "Developing a focal EAE lesion in the spinal cord and its repair with stem cell therapy : a MRI study." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501419.

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Grafft, Amanda Jo. "Academic achievement following childhood onset brain injury." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3304.

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The degree of academic achievement following early onset brain injury is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unclear if academic success can be predicted by age of onset or other lesion variables (e.g., size, laterality). The purpose of the current study was to describe patterns of academic achievement in individuals with childhood-onset focal brain lesions and to determine the role of variables in the plasticity or vulnerability of the developing brain with regard to achievement. Academic achievement data were collected from 58 individuals with childhood-onset focal brain lesions. The participants' reading, spelling, and arithmetic scores, as measured by the Wide Range Achievement Test, were analyzed in relation to several neuroanatomical variables, including lesion laterality, lesion site, and lesion size. The relationship between achievement and gender, age of onset, etiology, age at testing, and time since lesion onset was also identified. As a group, achievement scores did not differ from normative data, and the majority of the sample demonstrated adequate skills in each domain. However, the frequency of deficits was larger than expected when compared to base rates, suggesting vulnerability to early insult. Achievement scores were correlated with intelligence scores, but did not differ based on lesion laterality, lesion site, age of onset, or etiology. Size of lesion was significantly correlated with reading and spelling but not with arithmetic outcomes. Gender differences were identified, with males performing significantly better on the arithmetic measure than females. The age of onset, age at testing, and time since lesion onset were not correlated with achievement scores in any domain. No interactions were found between lesion laterality and gender or lesion site and lesion laterality. An interaction between gender and lesion site was found, but the significance of the finding is unclear. The current findings provide mixed evidence for the plasticity-vulnerability debate, as many individuals were able to achieve adequate academic skills whereas others demonstrated significant impairments. Further research is needed to elucidate factors that may predict achievement outcomes in individuals with childhood-onset focal brain injury.

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Imbrosci, Barbara [Verfasser], Ulf [Gutachter] Eysel, and Dirk [Gutachter] Jancke. "Functional alterations of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the cortical networks surrounding a focal laser lesion in rat visual cortex / Barbara Imbrosci ; Gutachter: Ulf Eysel, Dirk Jancke ; International Graduate School of Neuroscience." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1161941991/34.

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Old, Sally Louise. "Focal lesions in toxicity studies : methods and models." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391200.

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Rowe, Andrea Denise. "Social cognition in patients with focal prefrontal cortical lesions." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413703.

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Auvray, Nathalie. "Etude comportementale de l'influence du cervelet dans l'acquisition du comportement d'équilibration chez le jeune rat." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES051.

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Hart, Michael Gavin. "Network approaches to understanding the functional effects of focal brain lesions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274018.

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Complex network models of functional connectivity have emerged as a paradigm shift in brain mapping over the past decade. Despite significant attention within the neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience communities, these approaches have hitherto not been extensively explored in neurosurgery. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the field of connectomics can contribute to understanding the effects of focal brain lesions and to functional brain mapping in neurosurgery. This datasets for this thesis include a clinical population with focal brain tumours and a cohort focused on healthy adolescent brain development. Multiple network analyses of increasing complexity are performed based upon resting state functional MRI. In patients with focal brain tumours, the full complement of resting state networks were apparent, while also suggesting putative patterns of network plasticity. Connectome analysis was able to identify potential signatures of node robustness and connections at risk that could be used to individually plan surgery. Focal lesions induced the formation of new hubs while down regulating previously established hubs. Overall these data are consistent with a dynamic rather than a static response to the presence of focal lesions. Adolescent brain development demonstrated discrete dynamics with distinct gender specific and age-gender interactions. Network architecture also became more robust, particularly to random removal of nodes and edges. Overall these data provide evidence for the early vulnerability rather than enhanced plasticity of brain networks. In summary, this thesis presents a combined analysis of pathological and healthy development datasets focused on understanding the functional effects of focal brain lesions at a network level. The coda serves as an introduction to a forthcoming study, known as Connectomics and Electrical Stimulation for Augmenting Resection (CAESAR), which is an evolution of the results and methods herein.

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Neal, Jo Anne. "Executive function in healthy volunteers and patients with focal cerebral lesions." Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421677.

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Books on the topic "Focal lesion"

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Lencioni, Riccardo, Dania Cioni, and Carlo Bartolozzi, eds. Focal Liver Lesions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b137465.

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Old, Sally Louise. Focal lesions in toxicity studies: Methods and models. Leicester: De Montfort University, 1996.

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Bartolotta, Tommaso Vincenzo, Adele Taibbi, and Massimo Midiri. Atlas of Contrast-enhanced Sonography of Focal Liver Lesions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17539-3.

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Shamsi, Kohkan. Medical imaging of focal liver lesions: A clinico-radiologic approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

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Vigaray, Rafael Alvarez. La rescisión por lesión en el derecho civil espaǹol común y foral. Granada, España: Editorial COMARES, 1989.

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Meyrier, Alain, and Patrick Niaudet. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0057_update_001.

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Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) causes nephrotic syndrome and by definition is not caused by any of the known causes of podocyte toxicity or focal segmental sclerosis such as viral infections or toxins. A number of genetic causes of FSGS are commonly diagnosed in early childhood. Other causes of segmental scarring need to be distinguished. Genotypes in APOL1 of African origin are associated with higher incidence of FSGS and poorer responses to treatment. Cellular and collapsing FSGS are variants of FSGS in which there is overt acute podocytopathy and they have a relatively poor prognosis. A glomerular tip lesion is thought to have a slightly better prognosis than other types. Some cases of primary FSGS respond to high-dose corticosteroids, sometimes only after prolonged therapy. Response to steroids is a good prognostic sign, and without a response, progressive loss of renal function is likely. A circulating factor is implicated by the observation that proteinuria can recur in a donor kidney within hours of transplant. Plasma exchange appears to remove this factor but it is not conclusively identified.

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Freer, Phoebe E. Skin Lesions. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0050.

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Skin lesions are commonly seen on breast imaging. Often, a raised skin lesion is encountered incidentally during screening mammography and can be mistaken for a mass within the breast parenchyma. In most cases, lesions confined within the dermis are benign. Occasionally, focal skin involvement may be the presenting sign of a breast cancer that is either locally extensive to the skin or has an inflammatory component. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features of skin lesions that may be encountered either incidentally on breast imaging or on diagnostic imaging as an area of patient concern. Imaging features of skin lesions, the differential diagnoses, and further management will be reviewed. Topics discussed include benign epithelial cysts (i.e., sebaceous cyst and epidermal inclusion cysts), seborrheic keratosis, keloid and dermal nevi, cellulitis, and inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancers.

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Anderson, Mark D., and Karl E. Misulis. Neuro-Oncology. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0025.

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Cancers require neurologic care for multiple facets of evaluation and diagnosis. Among the most common are diagnosis of a CNS mass lesion, localization and diagnosis of new focal deficits, seizures or encephalopathy in cancer patients, suspected paraneoplastic disorders, and neurologic complications of cancer treatment. This chapter discusses common and important disorders likely to be encountered in a hospital neurology practice.

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Carton, James. Renal pathology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759584.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses renal pathology, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), nephrotic syndrome, hereditary renal diseases, Alport’s syndrome and thin basement membrane lesion, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous glomerulopathy, glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, post-infectious glomerulonephritis, C3 glomerulopathy, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, monoclonal gammopathy-associated kidney disease, acute tubular injury, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, reflux nephropathy, and obstructive nephropathy.

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Katirji, Bashar. Case 15. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0019.

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Ulnar nerve lesions are the second most common mononeuropathies encountered in clinical practice. The majority of ulnar neuropathies are across the elbow, more specifically due to entrapment or compression of the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel or ulnar groove. This case highlights the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings of ulnar neuropathies across the elbow and discusses the challenges in making an accurate diagnosis. Focal slowing of conduction velocities and/or conduction block are the main findings that pinpoint the site of the lesion, while the needle electromyography is poor in accurate localization, mostly due to the limited number of ulnar innervated muscles in the forearm. Important additional testing that often is recommended to aid in the accurate diagnosis of ulnar nerve lesions across the elbow includes the dorsal ulnar sensory nerve action potential, ulnar motor conduction study recording the first dorsal interosseous, and inching studies across the elbow.

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Book chapters on the topic "Focal lesion"

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Rush, Beth. "Focal Lesion, Contusion." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1458–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_242.

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Rush, Beth. "Focal Lesion, Contusion." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1065. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_242.

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Rush, Beth. "Focal Lesion, Contusion." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_242-2.

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Karavitakis, Markos, Mark Emberton, and Hashim Uddin Ahmed. "Identifying the Index Lesion." In Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer, 73–80. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-182-0_5.

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Yevzlin, Alexander S. "Focal Arterial Lesion of the Upper Extremity." In Dialysis Access Cases, 249–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57500-1_51.

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Mouraviev, Vladimir, Thomas M. Wheeler, and Thomas J. Polascik. "Histological Trends and the Index Lesion in Localized Prostate Cancer." In Focal Therapy in Prostate Cancer, 17–28. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444346893.ch3.

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Echeverria, Lina Maria Carmona, Hayley Whitaker, and Hashim U. Ahmed. "Identifying and Characterizing the Index Lesion." In Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer, 105–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49911-6_8.

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Donaldson, Ian A., Mark Emberton, Alex Freeman, and Hashim U. Ahmed. "The Concept of the Index Lesion." In Technical Aspects of Focal Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer, 9–17. Paris: Springer Paris, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0484-2_2.

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Migaleddu, Vincenzo, and Giuseppe Virgilio. "Focal Liver Lesion: Nonlinear Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging." In Liver Cancer, 159–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9804-8_12.

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Kamrava, Mitchell, and Patrick Kupelian. "Focal Therapy and the Index Lesion Hypothesis in Prostate Cancer." In Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer, 173–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/174_2013_913.

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Conference papers on the topic "Focal lesion"

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Timmins, Lucas H., David S. Molony, Parham Eshtehardi, Michael C. McDaniel, John N. Oshinski, Habib Samady, and Don P. Giddens. "Development of Framework to Examine the Focal Association Between Wall Shear Stress and Coronary Artery Disease Progression in the Clinical Setting." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14476.

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Natural history data on clinical coronary artery disease (CAD) indicates that there is a critical need to prospectively identify rapidly progressing and vulnerable coronary lesions that may cause potentially fatal acute coronary events [1]. Recent prospective clinical investigations have evaluated the value of wall shear stress (WSS) as a prognostic marker for identifying rapidly progressing coronary lesions [2,3]. Data indicate that low WSS is associated with significant plaque progression, while regions of high WSS are associated with plaque regression and phenotypic transformation towards a more vulnerable lesion. While these studies provided unprecedented data on the role of hemodynamic-induced mechanical forces in lesion dynamics, they were limited by a lack of focal understanding of the association between WSS and plaque progression. Specifically, despite the understanding that WSS and plaque progression are heterogeneous around the artery’s circumference, in each image slice WSS values were spatially averaged around the circumference and correlated with average values for changes in virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) defined plaque constituent areas.

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De Luca, Amalia, Christina M. Warboys, Narges Amini, Pedro Ferreira, Peter Gatehouse, David Firmin, Justin Mason, Spencer Sherwin, and Paul C. Evans. "Image-Based Computational Hemodynamics and Microarray Analysis of the Porcine Aortic Arch Reveals a Correlation Between Shear Stress and Endothelial Cell Apoptosis." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80948.

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Atherosclerosis is a focal disease that occurs predominantly at regions of the arterial tree that are exposed to disturbed blood flow, which generates low, oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS) at the lumen. WSS controls the spatial distribution of lesions by influencing numerous aspects of endothelial cell (EC) physiology, including inflammatory activation and viability. Of particular note, ECs in low shear, lesion-prone regions are characterized by increased apoptosis and turnover rates1 thus providing a potential explanation for the distinct spatial localization of lesion formation. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of WSS on EC physiology are poorly understood, they are known to involve transcriptional changes.

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Fränzle, Andrea, Jens Hillengass, and Rolf Bendl. "Spinal focal lesion detection in multiple myeloma using multimodal image features." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Lubomir M. Hadjiiski and Georgia D. Tourassi. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2081990.

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Кудабаева, Марина Станиславовна, Андрей Евгеньевич Акулов, Анна Олеговна Пищелко, Михаил Васильевич Светлик, and Марина Юрьевна Ходанович. "SUTURE SIZE OPTIMIZATION IN THE MODEL OF FOCAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Сентябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt187.2020.38.57.004.

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На модели окклюзии срединой церебральной артерии (MCAO) у крыс исследовано влияние параметров монофиламента, используемого для проведения операции, на объем ишемического поражения мозга. Установлена оптимальная длина наконечника филамента, обеспечивающая такой объем ишемического поражения, который позволяет обеспечить хорошую выживаемость животных в сочетании с другими инвазивными процедурами в хроническом эксперименте. In middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) in rats surgical suture characteristics were analyzed as parameters that can effect on ischemic lesion size. Optimal suture lenght was assigned for inducing ischemic lesion size that facilitates animal survival in long-term experiment, if MCAO and other invasive procedures are combined.

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Agrawal, G., D. L. Sherman, P. Walczak, J. W. M. Bulte, N. V. Thakor, D. A. Kerr, and A. H. All. "Shape analysis of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials to detect a focal spinal cord lesion." In 2009 IEEE 35th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2009.4967710.

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Шварц, Владислав Александрович, Марина Станиславовна Кудабаева, Илья Леонидович Губский, Дарья Дмитриевна Наместникова, and Марина Юрьевна Ходанович. "LONG-TERM DYNAMIC OF ISCHEMIC LESION VOLUME AND THE BRAIN HEMISPHERES’ VOLUME IN THE MODEL OF FOCAL ISCHEMIA MODEL IN RAT." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Сентябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt187.2020.52.45.003.

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В исследовании изучалась динамика объема ишемического очага и объемов полушарий мозга у животных с локальной ишемией в течении 2 месяцев после ишемии при помощи ручной сегментации. Были выявлены значимые различия между объемами полушарий на 1, 3, 14, 21, 30, 42 день исследования (p<0,01-0,05),, а также резкий рост объема ишемического поражения в течение 1-3 суток, после чего его объем монотонно уменьшался. Ischemic lesion volume and the brain hemisphere volume long-term changes were evaluated during 2 month after focal ischemia in rats using manual segmentation,. Significant differences were identified between hemisphere volumes on the 1st, 3rd, 14th, 21st, 30th, 42nd day after ischemia (p<0,01-0,05). A sharp increase in volume ischemic lesion was identified from the 1st till the 3rd day, then lesion volume constantly decreased.

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Abraham, Nabila, and Naimul Mefraz Khan. "A Novel Focal Tversky Loss Function With Improved Attention U-Net for Lesion Segmentation." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759329.

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Kadrmas, D. J. "Effect of reconstruction kernel width on optimal regularization for focal lesion detection in PET." In 2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2009.5402089.

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Koizumi, Norihiro, Takakazu Funamoto, Joonho Seo, Hiroyuki Tsukihara, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Hideyo Miyazaki, Kiyoshi Yoshinaka, et al. "An extremely robust US based focal lesion servo system incorporating a servo recovery algorithm for a NIUTS." In 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353735.

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Wang, Yuqi, Kun Wang, and Jie Tian. "A tracking-based semi-automatic software for focal liver lesion extraction in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) cine-loops." In Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications, edited by Thomas M. Deserno and Po-Hao Chen. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2542984.

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Reports on the topic "Focal lesion"

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Sui, Ping, Lipeng Sun, and Hui Wang. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound superb microvascular imaging for focal liver lessions :A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0081.

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Qu, Meijing, Zhaohua Jia, Lipeng Sun, and Hui Wang. Diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound for focal liver lessions: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.5.0096.

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