Journal articles: 'Focal lesion'

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Kezele, I. B., J. T. Chen, D. L. Arnold, and D. L. Collins. "The relation of focal white matter signal abnormality and focal volume loss in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 6 (February 9, 2007): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506074177.

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There were two aims to this study. First, to explore how the reduction in the volume of abnormal T2-signal intensity associated with white matter (WM) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) relates to tissue loss resulting from focal pathology inside lesions. Second, to demonstrate that this volume of abnormal T2-signal intensity underestimates the actual size of the region to which the direct effects of lesion activity extend. For these purposes, we used deformation field analysis to quantify the evolution of local atrophy associated with a chronic peri-ventricular lesion in a patient with secondary progressive MS. This subject had particular features that may not necessarily co-exist in a group of unselected patients, which enabled interesting observations to be made. We show, quantitatively, that the focal WM lesion was associated with adjacent regional WM volume loss, which was disproportionate to concurrent diffuse atrophy in the rest of the normal appearing brain tissue, and that the loss of volume associated with the lesion was partially reciprocated by local ventricular expansion. Our observations re-emphasise the complex relationship between the change in the volume of abnormal signal intensity on magnetic resonance images and the tissue volume change directly related to lesion pathology. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 809-813. http:// msj.sagepub.com

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Zepeda, Angelica, Luis Vaca, Clorinda Arias, and Frank Sengpiel. "Reorganization of Visual Cortical Maps after Focal Ischemic Lesions." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 23, no. 7 (July 2003): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000075010.31477.1e.

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Plasticity after central lesions may result in the reorganization of cortical representations of the sensory input. Visual cortex reorganization has been extensively studied after peripheral (retinal) lesions, but focal cortical lesions have received less attention. In this study, we investigated the organization of retinotopic and orientation preference maps at different time points after a focal ischemic lesion in the primary visual cortex (V1). We induced a focal photochemical lesion in V1 of kittens and assessed, through optical imaging of intrinsic signals, the functional cortical layout immediately afterwards and at 4, 13, 33, and 40 days after lesion. We analyzed histologic sections and evaluated temporal changes of functional maps. Histological analysis showed a clear lesion at all time points, which shrank over time. Imaging results showed that the retinotopic and orientation preference maps reorganize to some extent after the lesion. Near the lesion, the cortical retinotopic representation of one degree of visual space expands over time, while at the same time the area of some orientation domains also increases. These results show that different cortical representations can reorganize after a lesion process and suggest a mechanism through which filling-in of a cortical scotoma can occur in cortically damaged patients.

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Shiozawa, Kazue, Manabu Watanabe, Takashi Ikehara, Michio Kogame, Mie Shinohara, Masao Shinohara, Koji Ishii, Yoshinori Igarashi, Hiroyuki Makino, and Yasukiyo Sumino. "Evaluation of Hemodynamics in Focal Steatosis and Focal Spared Lesion of the Liver Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Sonazoid." Radiology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/604594.

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We aim to investigate the hemodynamics in focal steatosis and focal spared lesion of the liver using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid. The subjects were 47 patients with focal steatosis and focal spared lesion. We evaluated enhancement patterns (hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, and hypoenhancement) in the vascular phase and the presence or absence of a hypoechoic area in the postvascular phase for these lesions using CEUS. Of the 24 patients with focal steatosis, the enhancement pattern was isoenhancement in 19 and hypoenhancement in 5. Hypoechoic areas were noted in the postvascular phase in 3 patients. Of the 23 patients with focal spared lesions, the enhancement pattern was isoenhancement in 18 and hyperenhancement in 5. No hypoechoic areas were noted in the postvascular phase in any patient. The hemodynamics in focal steatosis and focal spared lesions in nondiffuse fatty liver can be observed using low-invasive procedures in real-time by CEUS. It was suggested that differences in the dynamics of enhancement in the vascular phase of CEUS were influenced by the fat deposits in the target lesion, the surrounding liver parenchyma, and the third inflow.

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TOTI, P., A. M. CATELLA, and A. BENVENUTI. "Focal myositis?a pseudotumoral lesion." Histopathology 24, no. 2 (February 1994): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01298.x.

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Madsen, Ernest L., James A. Zagzebski, Micheal C. Macdonald, and Gary R. Frank. "Ultrasound focal lesion detectability phantoms." Medical Physics 18, no. 6 (November 1991): 1171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.596589.

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Roebuck, Derek. "Focal liver lesion in children." Pediatric Radiology 38, S3 (May 10, 2008): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-0850-9.

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Albuquerque, Felipe C., Elad I. Levy, Aquilla S. Turk, David B. Niemann, Beverly Aagaard-Kienitz, G. Lee Pride, Phillip D. Purdy, et al. "ANGIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF WINGSPAN IN-STENT RESTENOSIS." Neurosurgery 63, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000335067.53190.a2.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE A classification system developed to characterize in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting was modified and applied to describe the appearance and distribution of ISR occurring after Wingspan (Boston Scientific, Fremont, CA) intracranial percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting. METHODS A prospective, intention-to-treat, multicenter registry of Wingspan treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease was maintained. Clinical and angiographic follow-up results were recorded. ISR was defined as greater than 50% stenosis within or immediately adjacent (within 5 mm) to the implanted stent(s) and greater than 20% absolute luminal loss. ISR lesions were classified by angiographic pattern, location, and severity in comparison with the original lesion treated. RESULTS Imaging follow-up (3–15.5 months) was available for 127 intracranial stenotic lesions treated with Wingspan percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting. Forty-one lesions (32.3%) developed either ISR (n = 36 [28.3%]) or complete stent occlusion (n = 5 [3.9%]) after treatment. When restenotic lesions were characterized using the modified classification system, 25 of 41 (61.0%) were focal lesions involving less than 50% of the length of the stented segment: three were Type IA (focal stenosis involving one end of the stent), 21 were Type IB (focal intrastent stenosis involving a segment completely contained within the stent), and one was Type IC (multiple noncontiguous focal stenoses). Eleven lesions (26.8%) demonstrated diffuse stenosis (>50% of the length of the stented segment): nine were Type II with diffuse intrastent stenosis (completely contained within the stent) and two were Type III with proliferative ISR (extending beyond the stented segment). Five stents were completely occluded at follow-up (Type IV). Of the 36 ISR lesions, 16 were less severe or no worse than the original lesion with respect to severity of stenosis or length of the segment involved; 20 lesions were more severe than the original lesion with respect to the segment length involved (n = 5), actual stenosis severity (n = 6), or both (n = 9). Nine of 10 supraclinoid internal carotid artery ISR lesions and nine of 13 middle cerebral artery ISR lesions were more severe than the original lesion. CONCLUSION Wingspan ISR typically occurs as a focal lesion. In more than half of ISR cases, the ISR lesion was more extensive than the original lesion treated in terms of lesion length or stenosis severity. Supraclinoid internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery lesions have a propensity to develop more severe posttreatment stenosis.

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Bulut, Emel Uzun, Aydan Acikgoz, Bora Ozan, Ayse Zeynep Zengin, and Omer Gunhan. "Expansive Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 1 (2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1105.

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ABSTRACT Aim To present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis. Background Cemento-osseous dysplasia is categorized into three subtypes on the basis of the clinical and radiographic features: Periapical, focal and florid. The focal type exhibits a single site of involvement in any tooth-bearing or edentulous area of the jaws. These lesions are usually asymptomatic; therefore, they are frequently diagnosed incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. Lesions are usually benign, show limited growth, and do not require further surgical intervention, but periodic follow-up is recommended because occasionally, this type of dysplasia progresses into florid osseous dysplasia and simple bone cysts are formed. Case report A 24-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic for swelling in the left edentulous mandibular premolarmolar region and felt discomfort when she wore her prosthetics. She had no pain, tenderness or paresthesia. Clinical examination showed that the swelling in the posterior mandible that was firm, nonfluctuant and covered by normal mucosa. On panoramic radiography and computed tomography, a welldefined lesion of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter of mixed density was observed. The swelling increased slightly in size over 2 years making it difficult to use prosthetics and, therefore, the lesion was totally excised under local anesthesia, and surgical specimens were submitted for histopathological examination. The histopathological diagnosis was focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Conclusion In the present case, because of the increasing size of the swelling making it difficult to use prosthetics, young age of the patient and localization of the lesion, in the initial examination, cemento-ossifying fibroma was suspected, and the lesion was excised surgically; the histopathological diagnosis confirmed it as focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Clinical significance We present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Differential diagnosis is essential because ossifying fibroma is a real neoplastic entity. How to cite this article Uzun Bulut E, Acikgoz A, Ozan B, Zengin AZ, Gunhan O. Expansive Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):115-118.

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Liao, Ai-Ho, Ya-Chien Cheng, Chien-Hsiu Weng, Ting-Fen Tsai, Wei-Hsiang Lin, Shiou-Hwei Yeh, Wen-Chun Yeh, and Pai-Chi Li. "Characterization of Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Contrast-Enhanced 40 MHz Ultrasound Imaging in Hepatitis B Virus X Transgenic Mice: A Feasibility Study." Ultrasonic Imaging 30, no. 4 (October 2008): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460803000402.

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging has been a reliable clinical method of detecting three vascular contrast phases and characterizing focal liver lesions. Previous results were all from human (i.e., clinical studies). The main purpose of this study was to extend this to small animals and to investigate the feasibility of using CEUS in preclinical research. Specifically, high-frequency (40 MHz) ultrasound liver imaging with albumin-shelled microbubbles was employed to detect the three vascular contrast phases and characterize focal liver lesions that developed in thirteen Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) transgenic mice at around 14 to 16 months of age. Previous studies indicated that 90–100% incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was observed in HBx transgenic male mice. After injecting the contrast agent, the time-intensity curves (TICs) of focal liver lesions, vessels in focal liver lesions and surrounding liver parenchyma tissues were measured for 30 minutes. The peak of mean intensity relative to the baseline increased 7.36 dB (p<0.02). On the other hand, the mean contrast between the focal liver lesion and the liver parenchyma increased by 7.74 (p<0.05) dB, thus allowing clear detection of the lesion margin. Histopathology investigations confirmed the development of the lesion in these mice. In addition, guidelines of European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology were followed as an attempt to characterize features of the TICs in mice. The arterial phase was defined as 2 to 60 seconds post contrast injection, and the parenchyma phase was defined as the time period from 10 to 30 minutes post contrast injection. Comparing the imaging with the pathology results, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CEUS for the detection of malignant focal liver lesion in HBx transgenic mice were 91%, 100% and 92%. These results demonstrated that high-frequency CEUS imaging potentially can be used for detecting the three vascular contrast phases of malignant focal liver lesions and characterizing malignant focal liver lesions in mice. Thus can be a valuable tool in preclinical research.

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Mody, Dhawal, Anchal Prajapati, Girish Bodhare, and Vrushali Lathiya. "FOCAL FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA: A CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INSIGHT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12740.

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Fibrous type gingival overgrowth is commonly seen in oral cavity and can be either benign or malignant lesions. Chronic irritation is one of the most common causes of nonneoplastic type of lesion. Focal fibrous hyperplasia also called as irritational or traumatic fibroma usually can be self limiting in nature or sometimes excision is recommended. Present case report demonstrates clinical and histological insight on the lesion.

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SCHWARTZ, MELVIN M., JONI EVANS, RAY BAIN, and STEPHEN M. KORBET. "Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 10, no. 9 (September 1999): 1900–1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1091900.

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Abstract. The cellular lesion (CELL), seen in some patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), comprises proliferation, hypertrophy, and pathologic changes in the cells overlying the glomerular scar. The prognosis of the cellular lesion was retrospectively studied in 100 patients with FSGS (43 had FSGS-CELL and 57 had FSGS without the cellular lesion (classic segmental scar [CS]). Patients with the FSGS-CELL lesion were more often black and severely proteinuric and developed more end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nephrotic patients with FSGS-CELL (n = 39) were more proteinuric at presentation than patients with FSGS-CS (n = 36). ESRD developed more frequently in patients with the FSGS-CELL (17 of 39, 44% versus 5 of 36, 14%, P = 0.005), and patients with extensive FSGS-CELL (≥ 20% glomeruli) were mainly black (94%), severely nephrotic (67%, >10 g/d), and had a poor response to treatment (23% remission). In nephrotic patients, initial serum creatinine, interstitial expansion ≥20%, and CELL independently predicted ESRD. However, the rates of remission in treated nephrotic patients with FSGS-CELL and FSGS-CS were the same (9 of 17, 53% versus 17 of 39, 52%), and patients in both groups who achieved a remission had a 5-yr survival of 100%. Steroid treatment was the only variable that predicted remission. Patients with the FSGS-CELL have an increased prevalence of ESRD, but the improved prognosis associated with remission is so significant that a therapeutic trial is warranted in all nephrotic FSGS patients, regardless of the presence of the cellular lesion.

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Piorkowska, Marta Anna, Rok Dezman, Maria E. Sellars, Annamaria Deganello, and Paul S. Sidhu. "Characterization of a hepatic haemangioma with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in an infant." Ultrasound 26, no. 3 (October 19, 2017): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x17733298.

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Focal liver lesions are uncommon in the paediatric population, majority are benign but need to be clearly identified as benign. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has recently received approval for paediatric hepatic use and represents an inexpensive and safe alternative to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for focal liver lesion characterization. We report a case of an incidental focal liver lesion in a four-month-old infant, indeterminate on B-mode ultrasound but successfully characterized with contrast-enhanced ultrasound as a haemangioma, without recourse to other imaging techniques, and with minimal patient discomfort.

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Vergotine, Rodney J. "A Giant Cell Fibroma and Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia in a Young Child: A Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/370242.

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A case of two fibrotic lesions of the oral mucosa in a 17-month-old African-American female is reported. Both lesions occurred on the anterior maxilla, one lesion pedunculated on the buccal attached gingiva and the other lesion sessile on the palate. Histological examination characterized the buccal lesion as focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) and the palatal lesion as a giant cell fibroma (GCF). A case is made for continuing the consideration of GCF as a histologically distinct entity from FFH but that no difference in clinical impact between the two lesions exists.

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Kumar, Shwetha, and Rahul Kadam. "Focal Cemento-osseous Dysplasia." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1048.

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ABSTRACT Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a benign fibroosseous condition that can be seen in dentulous and edentulous patients. It is an asymptomatic lesion and needs no treatment; however, follow-up is essential due to the possibility that it can progress to a condition called florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. Clinically, the lesion resembles periapical pathosis of odontogenic origin. FCOD is an asymptomatic lesion and occurs in the periapical area of teeth with vital pulps or in regions of extractions. The lesion is detected only on radiographic examination varying from completely radiolucent to densely radiopaque. The histopathologic appearance consists of trabeculae of bone and cementum like material present within a vascular fibrous stroma. Presented here is a case of FCOD in the mandible that occurred in the periapical region of a vital tooth. How to cite this article Kadam R, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N, Kumar S. Focal Cemento-osseous Dysplasia. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(2):112-115.

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Spiesecke, Paul, Thomas Fischer, Frank Friedersdorff, Bernd Hamm, and Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer. "Quality Assessment of CEUS in Individuals with Small Renal Masses—Which Individual Factors Are Associated with High Image Quality?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 4081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124081.

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Obesity and bowel gas are known to impair image quality in abdominal ultrasound (US). The present study aims at identifying individual factors in B-mode US that influence contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) image quality to optimize further imaging workup of incidentally detected focal renal masses. We retrospectively analyzed renal CEUS of focal renal masses ≤ 4 cm performed at our center in 143 patients between 2016 and 2020. Patient and lesion characteristics were tested for their influence on focal and overall image quality assessed by two experienced radiologists using Likert scales. Effects of significant variables were quantified by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis with area under the curve (AUC), and combined effects were assessed by binary logistic regression. Shrunken kidney, kidney depth, lesion depth, lesion size, and exophytic lesion growth were found to influence focal renal lesion image quality, and all factors except lesion size also influenced overall image quality. Combination of all parameters except kidney depth best predicted good CEUS image quality showing an AUC of 0.91 (p < 0.001, 95%-CI 0.863–0.958). The B-mode US parameters investigated can identify patients expected to have good CEUS image quality and thus help select the most suitable contrast-enhanced imaging strategy for workup of renal lesions.

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Brown, Cora, Sarah Smith-Benjamin, Riddhi Patira, and Eric L. Altschuler. "Isolated, relative aproverbia without focal lesion." Neurocase 22, no. 3 (February 2, 2016): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2016.1139728.

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Chi, Yanling, Jiayin Zhou, Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Su Huang, Qi Tian, Tiffany Hennedige, and Jimin Liu. "Computer-aided focal liver lesion detection." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 8, no. 4 (March 31, 2013): 511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-013-0832-8.

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Bonnier, Guillaume, Alexis Roche, David Romascano, Samanta Simioni, Djalel Eddine Meskaldji, David Rotzinger, Ying-Chia Lin, et al. "Multicontrast MRI Quantification of Focal Inflammation and Degeneration in Multiple Sclerosis." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/569123.

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Introduction. Local microstructural pathology in multiple sclerosis patients might influence their clinical performance. This study applied multicontrast MRI to quantify inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS lesions. We explored the impact of MRI-based lesion pathology in cognition and disability.Methods. 36 relapsing-remitting MS subjects and 18 healthy controls underwent neurological, cognitive, behavioural examinations and 3 T MRI including (i) fluid attenuated inversion recovery, double inversion recovery, and magnetization-prepared gradient echo for lesion count; (ii) T1, T2, and T2*relaxometry and magnetisation transfer imaging for lesion tissue characterization. Lesions were classified according to the extent of inflammation/neurodegeneration. A generalized linear model assessed the contribution of lesion groups to clinical performances.Results. Four lesion groups were identified and characterized by (1) absence of significant alterations, (2) prevalent inflammation, (3) concomitant inflammation and microdegeneration, and (4) prevalent tissue loss. Groups 1, 3, 4 correlated with general disability (Adj-R2=0.6;P=0.0005), executive function (Adj-R2=0.5;P=0.004), verbal memory (Adj-R2=0.4;P=0.02), and attention (Adj-R2=0.5;P=0.002).Conclusion. Multicontrast MRI provides a new approach to inferin vivohistopathology of plaques. Our results support evidence that neurodegeneration is the major determinant of patients’ disability and cognitive dysfunction.

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Ismail, Dunia, Virpi V. Smith, Pascale de Lonlay, Maria-Joao Ribeiro, Jacques Rahier, Oliver Blankenstein, Sarah E. Flanagan, et al. "Familial Focal Congenital Hyperinsulinism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1524.

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Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a cause of persistent hypoglycemia. Histologically, there are two subgroups, diffuse and focal. Focal CHI is a consequence of two independent events, inheritance of a paternal mutation in ABCC8/KCNJ11 and paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 11p15 within the embryonic pancreas, leading to an imbalance in the expression of imprinted genes. The probability of both events occurring within siblings is rare. Aim: We describe the first familial form of focal CHI in two siblings. Patients and Methods: The proband presented with medically unresponsive CHI. He underwent pancreatic venous sampling and Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography scan, which localized a 5-mm focal lesion in the isthmus of the pancreas. The sibling presented 8 yr later also with medically unresponsive CHI. An Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission-computerised tomography scan showed a 7-mm focal lesion in the posterior section of the head of the pancreas. Both siblings were found to be heterozygous for two paternally inherited ABCC8 mutations, A355T and R1494W. Surgical removal of the focal lesions in both siblings cured the Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Conclusion: This is the first report of focal CHI occurring in siblings. Genetic counseling for families of patients with focal CHI should be recommended, despite the rare risk of recurrence of this disease.

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Martynov, M. Y., M. V. Kovaleva, and T. P. Gorina. "Transitional ischemic attacks with brain focal changes." Neurology Bulletin XXXII, no. 1-2 (May 15, 2000): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb77658.

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Computed or magnetic resonance tomography was performed in 94 patients with transient ischemic attacks. А focal lesion corresponding to the clinical symptoms was observed in 29. Topography of the lesions as well as risk factors, pathogenetic and clinical features in these patients were analyzed and compared with а group of TIA without focal ischemic lesions. Minor differences in risk factors and pathogenesis were found. Neurological symptoms in patients with TIA and ischemic lesions tended to bе more prolonged, repeated and stereotyped

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Rastan, Noory, and Zeller. "Drug-eluting stents for treatment of focal infrapopliteal lesions." Vasa 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000170.

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We have investigated the role of drug-eluting stents on patency rates after treatment of focal infrapopliteal lesions in patients with intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia. Reports indicate that drug-eluting stents reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous infrapopliteal artery revascularization. A Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane database review search of non-randomized studies investigating patency rates, target lesion revascularisation rates, limb salvage rates and mortality rates in an up to 3-year follow-up period after drug-eluting stent placement was conducted. In addition, preliminary results of randomized studies comparing drug-eluting stents with bare-metal stents and plain balloon angioplasty in treatment of focal infrapopliteal lesions were included in this review. A total of 1039 patients from 10 non-randomized and randomized studies were included. Most commonly used drug-eluting stents were sirolimus-eluting. The mean follow-up period was 12.6 (range 8 - 24). The mean 1-year primary patency rate was 86 ± 5 %. The mean target lesion revascularization rate and limb salvage rate was 9.9 ± 5 % and 96.6 %±4 %, respectively. Results from non-randomized and preliminary results from prospective, randomized trials show a significant advantage for drug-eluting stents in comparison to plain balloon angioplasty and bare-metal stents concerning target lesion patency and in parts target lesion revascularisation. No trial reveals an advantage for drug-eluting stents with regard to limb salvage and mortality.

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Sansone, Vito, Lorenzo Falsetti, Francesco Tovoli, Rita Golfieri, Matteo Cescon, and Fabio Piscaglia. "An Uncommon Focal Liver Lesion: Intrahepatic Splenosis." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 29, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-617.

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Multiple focal liver lesions were incidentally detected in a patient screened by ultrasound for a recent diagnosis of lower limb deep vein thrombosis, for which anticoagulation had been initiated. Past medical history reported a post-traumatic splenectomy 15 years before. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed a subcapsular lesion in liver segment 5 consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and multiple other nodules, with a different pattern from the former, judged as probable hepatic adenomas by MRI but probable hemangiomas by CEUS (hyperenhancement in the late phase). Therefore, another MRI with gadoxetic acid was performed. The diagnosis of FNH was confirmed. The other lesions showed an hyperenhancing pattern in the arterial phase with progressive wash-out in the portal and late phase and marked hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase. This pattern apparently confirmed the hypothesis of adenomas, with a potential risk of malignancy due to the hepatobiliary phase pattern and the recent occurrence of deep vein thrombosis. Due to the inherent risk of spontaneous bleeding from subcapsular adenomas increased by the ongoing anticoagulant therapy and the recommendation of international guidelines to resect adenomas in male subjects, the patient was directly offered surgery. Pathology of the resected specimens confirmed one FNH but demonstrated intrahepatic splenosis for all other lesions. This case suggests that in the setting of previous splenic trauma any discrepancy between MRI and CEUS findings should lead one to consider also the hypothesis of intrahepatic splenosis.

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Hwang, Kai, Joel Bruss, Daniel Tranel, and Aaron D. Boes. "Network Localization of Executive Function Deficits in Patients with Focal Thalamic Lesions." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 12 (December 2020): 2303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01628.

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The human thalamus has been suggested to be involved in executive function, based on animal studies and correlational evidence from functional neuroimaging in humans. Human lesion studies, examining behavioral deficits associated with focal brain injuries, can directly test the necessity of the human thalamus for executive function. The goal of our study was to determine the specific lesion location within the thalamus as well as the potential disruption of specific thalamocortical functional networks, related to executive dysfunction. We assessed executive function in 15 patients with focal thalamic lesions and 34 comparison patients with lesions that spared the thalamus. We found that patients with mediodorsal thalamic lesions exhibited more severe impairment in executive function when compared to both patients with thalamic lesions that spared the mediodorsal nucleus and to comparison patients with lesions outside the thalamus. Furthermore, we employed a lesion network mapping approach to map cortical regions that show strong functional connectivity with the lesioned thalamic subregions in the normative functional connectome. We found that thalamic lesion sites associated with more severe deficits in executive function showed stronger functional connectivity with ACC, dorsomedial PFC, and frontoparietal network, compared to thalamic lesions not associated with executive dysfunction. These are brain regions and functional networks whose dysfunction could contribute to impaired executive functioning. In aggregate, our findings provide new evidence that delineates a thalamocortical network for executive function.

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Barwick, Tara, Matthew Orton, Dow Mu Koh, Martin Kaiser, Andrea Rockall, Nina Tunariu, Matthew Blackledge, and Christina Messiou. "Repeatability and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient and fat fraction measurement of focal myeloma lesions on whole body magnetic resonance imaging." British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1120 (April 1, 2021): 20200682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200682.

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Objective: To assess intra- and inter-reader variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat fraction (FF) measurement in focal myeloma bone lesions and the influence of lesion size. Methods: 22 myeloma patients with focal active disease on whole body MRI were included. Two readers outlined a small (5–10 mm) and large lesion (>10 mm) in each subject on derived ADC and FF maps; one reader performed this twice. Intra- and inter-reader agreement for small and large lesion groups were calculated for derived statistics from each map using within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interclass correlation coefficient measures, and visualized with Bland–Altman plots. Results: For mean ADC, intra- and inter-reader repeatability demonstrated equivalently low coefficient of variation (3.0–3.6%) and excellent interclass correlation coefficient (0.975–0.982) for both small and large lesions. For mean FF, intra- and inter-reader repeatability was significantly poorer for small lesions compared to large lesions (intra-reader within-subject standard variation estimate is 2.7 times higher for small lesions than large lesions (p = 0.0071), and for inter-reader variations is 3.8 times higher (p = 0.0070)). Conclusion: There is excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement for mean ADC estimates, even for lesions as small as 5 mm. For FF measurements, there is a significant increase in coefficient of variation for smaller lesions, suggesting lesions >10 mm should be selected for lesion FF measurement. Advances in knowledge: ADC measurements of focal myeloma have excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement. FF measurements are more susceptible to lesion size as intra- and inter-reader agreement is significantly impaired in lesions less than 10 mm.

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Taavitsainen, M., A. Koivuniemi, S. Bondestam, L. Kivisaari, and E. Tierala. "Ultrasonically Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Focal Pancreatic Lesions." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 5 (September 1987): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800508.

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Ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 100 patients with a focal pancreatic lesion. The lesion was a well-defined solid mass of 1 to 4 cm in 37 cases, a well-defined solid mass of 4.5 to 10 cm in 28 cases, an intrapancreatic cystic lesion in 23 cases, and an ill-defined prominent area in 12 cases. The samples were taken with a one-hand instrument and 0.7 to 0.9 mm disposable needles without a puncture adaptor. The material was sufficient for cytologic analysis in 98 cases. Malignant cells were obtained in 44 of the 49 cases with pancreatic carcinoma and lymphoma cells in one case with lymphomatous infiltration. Four of the six cases of cystadenoma could be identified cytologically. In solid inflammatory lesions, the nature of the lesion was seen in 12 of the 17 cases. There were no false positive reports of malignancy. The solid prominent areas of normal pancreatic tissue yielded normal cytologic samples. Aspirates of cystic lesions in the pancreas revealed one malignant case, and infected lesions could be differentiated from ***non-infected in the rest. There was one complication in a patient with an obstructed and dilated common bile duct. The aspiration procedure caused severe pain and the operation was performed earlier than scheduled. Diagnostic material is obtained in the majority of ultrasound guided aspiration biopsies of the pancreas. In malignancy, false negative results occur in about 10 per cent of cases.

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Nguyen, Dang Khoa, Manuela Temgoua Mbacfou, Dong Bach Nguyen, and Maryse Lassonde. "Prevalence of Nonlesional Focal Epilepsy in an Adult Epilepsy Clinic." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 40, no. 2 (March 2013): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100013731.

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Purpose:To evaluate the prevalence of nonlesional focal epilepsy in an adult epilepsy clinic and its refractoriness to antiepileptic drug therapy.Background:Focal epilepsy is frequently, but not always, associated with structural epileptogenic lesions identifiable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:We analyzed the data from all patients evaluated at an adult epilepsy clinic from January 2002 to December 2011. Clinical and paraclinical findings were used to diagnose focal epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed and classified as normal, with an epileptogenic lesion, or with a lesion of unclear epileptogenicity. Epileptogenic lesions were further categorized as tumours, vascular malformations, gliosis (including hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis), and malformations of cortical development. Our study group included patients with no lesions on MRI. Pharmacoresistance of patients with nonlesional focal epilepsy was assessed using the ILAE and Perucca's criterias.Results:Out of 1521 patients evaluated (mean age 44 years; range 14-93 years), 843 had focal epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging data, available for 806 (96%) subjects, showed epileptogenic lesions in 65%, no obvious epileptogenic lesions in 31% and lesions of unclear epileptogenicity in 4%. Magnetic resonance imaging-identified lesions included gliosis due to an acquired insult (52% including 17% of hippocampal atrophy or sclerosis), tumours (29%), vascular malformations (16%) and malformations of cortical development (10%). Fifty-two percent of nonlesional focal epileptic patients were drug-refractory.Conclusion:In a tertiary epilepsy clinic, close to a third of patients with focal epilepsy were found to be nonlesional, half of which were drug-resistant.

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Sharma, Saroj, Hom Prasad Pant, and Swoyam Prakash Pandit. "Computed tomography findings of focal lung lesion and their pathological correlations." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v4i2.15036.

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Background: Focal lung masses are common radiological fi ndings which need to be characterized to plan management. Suspicious lesions require invasive investigations and aggressive treatment. However, likely benign lesions require no invasive investigations.Objectives: We aimed to correlate the computerized tomography fi ndings of focal lung lesions with pathological diagnoses.Methods: A total of 56 patients were enrolled in the study. Plain and contrast enhanced computerized tomography scan of chest was done in spiral computerized tomography. Radiologist’s computerized tomography reports were obtained. Pathological diagnosis were followed in all cases and recorded. Computerized tomography reports were compared with pathological reports and validity of computerized tomography in predicting the nature of lung lesion was assessed.Results: Overall, squalors cell carcinoma was the most common histological cell type (46.34%) followed by adenocarcinoma (41.46%). In 95.12% of total cases, size of the malignant lesion was more than 3cm. Squalors cell Carcinoma was the most common tumor located centrally (71.42%) and adenocarcinoma peripherally (55.55%). Spiculated margin was most commonly associated in malignant lesions. Among morphological characters, chest wall invasion and meditational invasion were statistically significant for malignancy. Contrast enhancement more than 20 hounsfield unit had more than 80% sensitivity and specificity for malignant lesions. Sensitivity of computerized tomography combining all morphological characteristics for depicting malignancy was 97.6% and specificity was 46.7%.Conclusion: The present study showed that contrast enhanced computerized tomography provides more precise tumor localization, characterization and intrathoracic extension to differentiate benign from malignant lung lesion. Enhancement of the lesion is more specific for malignancy than other morphological characteristic.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 4, No. 2, Issue 12, Apr.-Jun., 2015, page: 59-64

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Demarco, Mario P., Perry Shen, Robert F. Bradley, and Edward A. Levine. "Intraperitoneal Hemorrhage in a Patient with Hepatic Focal Nodular Hyperplasia." American Surgeon 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200620.

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Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a common benign liver tumor that is often confused with hepatic adenoma. Despite the benign course of both lesions, hepatic adenomas are associated with rupture and bleeding, and suggested management often includes prophylactic surgical resection. FNH lesions are thought to not rupture or bleed, and traditional management does not include resection. We report the case of a woman with FNH who presented with intraperitoneal hemorrhage after the rupture of a FNH lesion. Only six previous documented cases of hemoperitoneum associated with FNH have ever been reported. This report reviews all previously recorded cases of FNH lesions that have resulted in intraperitoneal hemorrhage. We suggest that although FNH is a benign lesion and intervention is typically unnecessary, the potential for rupture requiring surgical resection should always be considered.

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Roderburg, Christoph, Sven H. Loosen, Philipp Bruners, and Tom Luedde. "Die unklare Leberraumforderung." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 144, no. 23 (November 2019): 1651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0733-6122.

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AbstractUnknown liver lesions represent a common clinical challenge, for example in the context of routine ultrasound examinations of primary care physicians. There are different data on the prevalence of primary liver lesions in the literature. As such, a forensic autopsy series described focal liver lesions in about 50 % of all examined men between 35 and 69 years of age with an increasing incidence for older people. In the diagnostic work-up of unclear liver lesions, a careful distinction between lesions that occur in asymptomatic and healthy individuals and are benign in over 95 % of cases, and lesion found in patients with pre-existing malignant, inflammatory or cirrhotic disease must be made. The main goal in the diagnosis of unclear liver lesions is to prove the benignity of the lesion and to exclude a malignant cause as reliably as possible. In case of benign lesions, an attempt should be made to achieve an exact classification. The most common benign focal liver lesions include liver cysts, focal fatty liver deposition or sparing, haemangiomas, focal calcifications, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), nodular regenerative hyperplasia, biliary hamartomas (von-Meyenburg complexes) and hepatocellular adenomas. Abscesses, inflammatory infiltrations or pseudotumors as well as sites of extramedullary haematopoiesis are observed much less frequently. Among the most frequent malignant focal liver lesions are metastases of other tumor entities such as colorectal cancer or pancreatic adenocarcinoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). Other entities such as hepatic lymphomas or mesenchymal malignant neoplasia are extremely rare.

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Savushkina, N. Y., and T. A. Fatykhova. "A case of misdiagnosis of liver cancer with metastases in a patient with systemic vasculitis." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 1 (January 15, 1999): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65185.

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In the group of malignant liver lesions, the frequency of occurrence of metastatic lesions is in the first place. It is distinguished by a pronounced variety of the echographic picture. However, not always a vivid picture of focal lesion corresponds to a true metastatic lesion. The presented observation can serve as an example of such a situation.

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Jha, Ashwani, Rute Teotonio, April-Louise Smith, Jamshed Bomanji, John Dickson, Beate Diehl, John S. Duncan, and Parashkev Nachev. "Metabolic lesion-deficit mapping of human cognition." Brain 143, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 877–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa032.

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Abstract In theory the most powerful technique for functional localization in cognitive neuroscience, lesion-deficit mapping is in practice distorted by unmodelled network disconnections and strong ‘parasitic’ dependencies between collaterally damaged ischaemic areas. High-dimensional multivariate modelling can overcome these defects, but only at the cost of commonly impracticable data scales. Here we develop lesion-deficit mapping with metabolic lesions—discrete areas of hypometabolism typically seen on interictal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging in patients with focal epilepsy—that inherently capture disconnection effects, and whose structural dependence patterns are sufficiently benign to allow the derivation of robust functional anatomical maps with modest data. In this cross-sectional study of 159 patients with widely distributed focal cortical impairments, we derive lesion-deficit maps of a broad range of psychological subdomains underlying affect and cognition. We demonstrate the potential clinical utility of the approach in guiding therapeutic resection for focal epilepsy or other neurosurgical indications by applying high-dimensional modelling to predict out-of-sample verbal IQ and depression from cortical metabolism alone.

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Serres, Sébastien, Claire Bristow, Rocío M. de Pablos, Doron Merkler, Manuel Sarmiento Soto, Nicola R. Sibson, and Daniel C. Anthony. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Therapeutic Effects of Interferon-Beta on Cytokine-Induced Reactivation of Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, no. 5 (February 20, 2013): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.12.

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Interferon- β (IFN- β) drugs are considered to derive their beneficial effects on multiple sclerosis (MS) progression via their antiinflammatory properties, but the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we sought to discover how IFN- β impacts on inflammation-associated aggravation of MS-like lesions in rat. Animals with dormant focal experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions were challenged intravenously with a replication-deficient adenovirus vector carrying interleukin (IL)-1 β cDNA (AdIL-1 β). Aggravation of inflammation and demyelination within the focal EAE lesion was observed after AdIL-1 β injection with associated changes in tissue structure detected by diffusion and magnetization transfer imaging. Postgadolinium-DTPA T1-weighted images revealed contrast enhancement in the ipsilateral meninges, indicating breakdown of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and increased left/right regional cerebral blood volume ratio was also observed after AdIL-1 β injection. To determine the role of IFN- β on reactivation of the EAE lesion, rats were treated with therapeutic doses of IFN- β and focal EAE lesions showed significantly reduced reactivation in response to systemic AdIL-1 β injection. In conclusion, these findings indicate a central role for peripheral IL-1 β expression in the mechanism of MS lesion reactivation and that the therapeutic effects of IFN- β may, at least in part, reflect suppression of the effects of peripheral inflammation on MS lesion pathogenesis.

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Ippolito, Davide, Teresa Giandola, Cesare Maino, Davide Gandola, Maria Ragusi, Pietro Andrea Bonaffini, and Sandro Sironi. "Whole Body Low Dose Computed Tomography (WBLDCT) Can Be Comparable to Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WBMRI) in the Assessment of Multiple Myeloma." Diagnostics 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050857.

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Aim of the study is to compare the agreement between whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) in the evaluation of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with biopsy-proven MM, who underwent both WBLDCT and WBMRI were retrospectively enrolled. After identifying the presence of focal bone involvement (focal infiltration pattern), the whole skeleton was divided into five anatomic districts (skull, spine, sternum and ribs, pelvis, and limbs). Patients were grouped according to the number and location of the lytic lesions (<5, 5–20, and >20) and Durie and Salmon staging system. The agreement between CT and MRI regarding focal pattern, staging, lesion number, and distribution was assessed using the Cohen Kappa statistics. The majority of patients showed focal involvement. According to the distribution of the focal lesions and Durie Salmon staging, the agreement between CT and MRI was substantial or almost perfect (all κ > 0.60). The agreement increased proportionally with the number of lesions in the pelvis and spine (κ = 0.373 to κ = 0.564, and κ = 0.469–0.624), while for the skull the agreement proportionally decreased without reaching a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). In conclusion, WBLDCT showed an almost perfect agreement in the evaluation of focal involvement, staging, lesion number, and distribution of bone involvement in comparison with WBMRI.

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Ivanovic, Natasa, Marina Svetel, Dusko Kozic, Robert Semnic, and Vladimir Kostic. "Clinical-pathomorphological correlation in patients with symptomatic dystonias." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 130, no. 5-6 (2002): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0206183i.

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Symptomatic dystonia can be the result of various metabolic, degenerative diseases, the consumption of certain medications or exposure to toxic agents. However, only symptomatic dystonia with focal structural lesion provides a significant "window" for, at least indirect, perception of aetiopa-thogenesis and pathomorphological substratum of idiopathic dystonia. Our study included 57 patients with symptomatic dystonia, which as a base had focal or multifocal lesions, of whom 7 patients had generalized dystonia, 18 hemidystonia, 6 segmental dystonia, 7 torticollis, 6 blepharospasm, 7 hand dystonia, 3 spasmodic dysphonia, and 3 had oromandibular dystonia. Stroke was highly statistically the most frequent cause of structural lesions (33/57 or 58%). Relevant pathomorphological changes were present in 50/57 (88%) patients, of whom 25 (50%) had lesion in the lenticular nucleus (including individual damage of the putamen and globus pallidus), 12/50 (24%) had damage of the thalamus and 6/50 (12%) had damage of the brainstem. Generalized dystonia was most frequently associated with bilateral lesion of the putamen, hemidystonia with lesion of contralateral putamen, torticollis with damage of the caudate nucleus, hand dystonia with lesion of the thalamus and blepharospasm with lesion of the upper brainstem.

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35

Numminen, K., H. Isoniemi, J. Halavaara, P. Tervahartiala, H. Mäkisalo, L. Laasonen, and K. Höckerstedt. "Preoperative assessment of focal liver lesions: multidetector computed tomography challenges magnetic resonance imaging." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 1 (February 2005): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510016108.

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Purpose: To investigate prospectively multidetector computed tomography (CT) (MDCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of focal liver lesions. Material and Methods: Multiphasic MDCT and conventional gadolinium‐enhanced MRI were performed on 31 consecutive patients prior to hepatic surgery. All images were blindly analyzed as consensus reading. Lesion counts and their relation to vascular structures and possible extrahepatic disease were determined. The data from the MDCT and MRI were compared with the results obtained by intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) and palpation. Histopathologic verification was available. Results: At surgery, IOUS and palpation revealed 45 solid liver lesions. From these, preoperative MDCT detected 43 (96%) and MRI 35 (78%) deposits. MDCT performed statistically better than MRI in lesion detection ( P = 0.008). Assessment of lesion vascular proximity was correctly determined by MDCT in 98% of patients and by MRI in 87%. Statistical difference was found ( P = 0.002). IOUS and palpation changed the preoperative surgical plan as a result of extrahepatic disease in 8/31 (26%) cases. In MDCT as well in MRI extrahepatic involvement was suspected in two cases. Conclusion: MDCT was superior to MRI and nearly equal to IOUS in liver lesion detection and in the determination of lesion vascular proximity. However, both techniques fail to reliably detect extrahepatic disease.

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Bendtsen, Simone Kloch, Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen, Amanda-Louise Fenger Carlander, Christian Grønhøj, and Christian von Buchwald. "Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia." Viruses 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081529.

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Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck’s disease is a rare, benign, oral condition that is associated with infection by human papillomavirus type 13, 32 or both. The whiteish to mucosal-colored, soft, papular or nodular elevated lesions in the oral cavity are normally asymptomatic but can grow to a size or at a location where treatment is needed. The diagnosis is often based on clinical presentation and histopathology, and the HPV genotype can be determined using PCR utilizing specific primers or DNA sequencing. While FEH was reported to often affect several members of the same family and exist primarily among indigenous populations around the world, the number of reported cases within the European region is increasing. This contemporary review summarizes the main findings in relation to HPV genotypes, impact of superinfection exclusion and vaccination, transmission, diagnosis, geographical and ethnical distribution, comorbidities and treatment of FEH with an emphasis on including the most recent case reports within the field. Furthermore, we describe for the first time a FEH lesion infected with the low-risk HPV90.

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Rembak-Szynkiewicz, Justyna, Barbara Bobek-Billewicz, Maria Sokół, and Marek K. Jurkowski. "Current methods of focal liver lesion diagnosis." Polish Annals of Medicine 20, no. 2 (December 2013): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poamed.2013.09.003.

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Ganji, Srinivas S., Gregory S. Ferriss, Jayaram Rao, and Jennifer Furlow. "Hypersomnia Associated with a Focal Pontine Lesion." Clinical Electroencephalography 27, no. 1 (January 1996): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005949602700109.

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39

Schwartz, Melvin M., and Edmund J. Lewis. "Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis: The cellular lesion." Kidney International 28, no. 6 (December 1985): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1985.225.

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Avila, Lia, Rudimar Riesgo, Fleming Pedroso, Marcelo Goldani, Marlene Danesi, Josiane Ranzan, and Pricila Sleifer. "Language and Focal Brain Lesion in Childhood." Journal of Child Neurology 25, no. 7 (January 28, 2010): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073809350724.

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41

Yoshida, Makiko, Hajime Okita, Terutaka Tanimoto, Yuko Bitoh, Hiroaki Fukuzawa, Akiko Yokoi, Aiko Kozaki, Keiichiro Kawasaki, and Yoshinobu Akasaka. "Congenital mesoblastic nephroma with focal anaplastic lesion." Pathology International 65, no. 9 (March 27, 2015): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pin.12293.

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42

Park, Hee Sun, Young Jun Kim, Mi Hye Yu, Sung Il Jung, and Hae Jeong Jeon. "Shear Wave Elastography of Focal Liver Lesion." Ultrasound Quarterly 31, no. 4 (December 2015): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ruq.0000000000000175.

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Taori, Kishor, Rupan Sanyal, Rajesh Jawale, Jawahar Rathod, and Manish Bhagat. "Intrabiliary Hydatid Without Any Focal Liver Lesion." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 25, no. 3 (March 2006): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2006.25.3.397.

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Maharaj, Khemanand, Sary Rahma, and Richard Sisson. "Focal invasion in the oral dysplastic lesion." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 58, no. 10 (December 2020): e204-e205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.10.209.

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Costa, R., P. Santos, F. Alves, R. Abreu, and A. Faria. "A rare case of focal liver lesion." European Journal of Internal Medicine 24 (October 2013): e145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2013.08.374.

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46

Stosic-Opincal, T. L., M. Gavrilov, S. Lavrnic, R. Milenkovic, V. Peric, S. Gavrilovic, and M. Jovancevic. "Komparacija detektabilnosti mozdanih lezija u multipleks sklerozi pri pregledu magnetnom rezonancijom jacine magnetnog polja 1.0 i 3.0 Tesla." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 54, no. 3 (2007): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0703115s.

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To estimate the relative sensitivity of MR examination for brain lesions in multiple sclerosis at 1.0 Tesla (T) and 3.0 T using identical acquisition conditions. 54 patients with multiple sclerosis were examined both at 1.0T (Siemens Impact Expert) and 3.0T (Philips Intera) using T1-weighted spin echo (T1W-SE) with and without gadolinium contrast injections, T2W SE and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Images were examined independently by three experienced neuroradiologists using focal lesion counting. 3.0T scans compared with 1.0T scans demonstrate a 27.3%, increase in the number of detected contrast enhanced lesions and an 22.7% increase in the number of detected lesions on FLAIR MR tomograms. High field 3.0T MR imaging demonstrates better sensitivity in the detection of focal brain lesions in multiple sclerosis. This improvement is more apparent in contrast enhanced lesion detection and less noticeable in FLAIR detected lesions.

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STUSS, DONALD THOMAS, MICHAEL PAXSON ALEXANDER, LISA HAMER, CAROLE PALUMBO, REBECCA DEMPSTER, MALCOLM BINNS, BRIAN LEVINE, and DENNIS IZUKAWA. "The effects of focal anterior and posterior brain lesions on verbal fluency." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 4, no. 3 (May 1998): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617798002653.

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Seventy-four patients with focal brain lesions were compared to a neurologically normal control group on tasks of letter-based and category-based list generation. When patients were divided only by right frontal, left frontal, or nonfrontal lesion sites, the pattern of fluency impairments confirmed prior claims. When more precise lesion sites within the frontal lobes were compared between groups classified based on their fluency performance, much more specific brain–behavior relations were uncovered. Damage to the right dorsolateral cortical or connecting striatal regions, the right posterior area, or the medial inferior frontal lobe of either hemisphere did not significantly affect letter-based fluency performance. Superior medial frontal damage, right or left, resulted in moderate impairment. Patients with left dorsolateral and/or striatal lesions were most impaired. Left parietal damage led to performance relatively equivalent to the superior medial and left dorsolateral groups. The same lesion sites produced impairments in category based fluency, but so did lesions of right dorsolateral and inferior medial regions. Task analysis and correlations with other measures revealed that different cognitive processes related to different brain regions underlie performance on verbal fluency tests. (JINS, 1998, 4, 265–278.)

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Narkhede, Amey, Ajit Yadav, Gaurav Gangwani, Ali Sabir, and Arun Gupta. "Trucut Biopsy of a Solitary Focal Metastatic Superior Vena Cava Thrombus via Percutaneous Transjugular Approach Using Real-Time Fluoroscopic Needle Visualization in Two Planes." Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR 02, no. 02 (August 2018): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668176.

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AbstractPresentation of metastasis as a solitary focal lesion at an intravascular location is encountered quite infrequently. Owing to its intravascular location, accessing the lesion for sampling and obtaining an adequate amount of tissue are technically difficult. Among the various methods of obtaining an adequate sample from intravascular lesions, scoop and trucut biopsies appear to be safer and more advantageous. The authors present a case of a 65-year-old woman with symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome secondary to a solitary focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–avid thrombus within the superior vena cava lumen 14 years after complete remission of breast carcinoma. This lesion was approached via transjugular venous access and biopsied under fluoroscopic guidance with continuous contrast injection and real-time needle visualization in two planes.

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Kearney, Hugh, Katherine A. Miszkiel, Marios C. Yiannakas, Daniel R. Altmann, Olga Ciccarelli, and David H. Miller. "Grey matter involvement by focal cervical spinal cord lesions is associated with progressive multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, no. 7 (October 2, 2015): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515604905.

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Background: The in vivo relationship of spinal cord lesion features with clinical course and function in multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly defined. Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate the associations of spinal cord lesion features on MRI with MS subgroup and disability. Methods: We recruited 120 people: 25 clinically isolated syndrome, 35 relapsing–remitting (RR), 30 secondary progressive (SP), and 30 primary progressive (PP) MS. Disability was measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. We performed 3T axial cervical cord MRI, using 3D-fast-field-echo and phase-sensitive-inversion-recovery sequences. Both focal lesions and diffuse abnormalities were recorded. Focal lesions were classified according to the number of white matter (WM) columns involved and whether they extended to grey matter (GM). Results: The proportion of patients with focal lesions involving at least two WM columns and extending to GM was higher in SPMS than in RRMS ( p = 0.03) and PPMS ( p = 0.015). Diffuse abnormalities were more common in both PPMS and SPMS, compared with RRMS (OR 6.1 ( p = 0.002) and 5.7 ( p = 0.003), respectively). The number of lesions per patient involving both the lateral column and extending to GM was independently associated with disability ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: More extensive focal cord lesions, extension of lesions to GM, and diffuse abnormalities are associated with progressive MS and disability.

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Dorrestein, EHR, A. Conan, LL Pentzke-Lemus, G. Hartman, SH Sample, and MM Dennis. "Prevalence and progression of macroscopic lesions in Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata on shallow fringing reefs of St. Kitts." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 140 (July 23, 2020): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03492.

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The endangered corals Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata are crucial to Caribbean reefs because of their large size and contribution to reef framework. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and progression of macroscopically evident lesions affecting Orbicella spp. in shallow fringing reefs in St. Kitts. Cross-sectional surveys in the spring of 2017 demonstrated 8 predominant lesion patterns affecting 59% of corals (95% CI: 55.8-62.1%), including annular yellow-brown pigmentation, focal brown pigmentation, focal bleaching, diffuse bleaching, annular black surface deposit, focal tissue loss with skeletal erosion, focal grey pigmentation, and growth anomaly. Longitudinal surveys of 47 tagged corals were performed from August 2016-May 2017 to track lesion progression. The 2 most common lesions, annular yellow-brown pigmentation (n = 30), and focal brown pigmentation (n = 21), showed mean (±SD) partial colony mortality growth of 0.26 ± 0.5 and 0.21 ± 0.45 cm2 d-1, respectively. Annular pigmentation progression severity was associated with a marginating band of bleaching (ordinal odds ratio [OOR] = 11.0), and yellow rather than brown color (OOR = 3.8). Bleaching lesions (n = 13), occurring during a time of elevated sea surface temperature, were most severe during October-December 2016, and persisted through April 2017, months after heat stress had subsided. Annular black surface deposits (n = 3) were associated with rapid progression of acute tissue loss, whereas focal tissue loss with skeletal erosion (n = 2) regressed within months, and focal grey pigmentation (n = 2) was quiescent for the length of the study. This study enforces concern for the extent to which Orbicella spp. are declining due to disease.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Focal lesion'

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