Relevant bibliographies by topics / Focal-plane-array (FPA) technology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Focal-plane-array (FPA) technology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 14 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Focal-plane-array (FPA) technology"

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Cintron, Michael Santiago, Terri Von Hoven, Krystal Fontenot, Rebecca Hron, and Doug J. Hinchliffe. "Examintaion of Fabric Chemical Treatment Uniformity using a Mid-IR Focal Plane Array Detector." AATCC Journal of Research 6, no. 3 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.6.3.1.

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A macro sampling chamber equipped with mid-infrared (IR) focal plane array (FPA) detector was used to examine chemical treatments of cotton fabrics. Conventional IR methods typically examine individual points in a sample, while the FPA detector provides spatially resolved spectra that can corroborate chemical treatment and its distribution on the cotton fabric. Characterizations of three distinct treatments are presented: non-durable treatments of N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), an active ingredient in commercially available insect repellents, a phosphazine-based fire retardant, and fabric treated with deuterated water. All chemical treatments examined in this study exhibited distinct vibrational bands that could be used as markers of the fabric treatments. Our results suggest that the mid-IR FPA detector can be used to characterize fabric treatment uniformity and provide qualitative confirmation of fabric chemical treatment.
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Ting, David Z., Sir B. Rafol, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, et al. "InAs/InAsSb Type-II Strained-Layer Superlattice Infrared Photodetectors." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (2020): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110958.

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The InAs/InAsSb (Gallium-free) type-II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) has emerged in the last decade as a viable infrared detector material with a continuously adjustable band gap capable of accommodating detector cutoff wavelengths ranging from 4 to 15 µm and beyond. When coupled with the unipolar barrier infrared detector architecture, the InAs/InAsSb T2SLS mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) focal plane array (FPA) has demonstrated a significantly higher operating temperature than InSb FPA, a major incumbent technology. In this brief review paper, we describe the emergence of the InAs/InAsSb T2SLS infrared photodetector technology, point out its advantages and disadvantages, and survey its recent development.
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Treado, Patrick J., Ira W. Levin, and E. Neil Lewis. "Indium Antimonide (InSb) Focal Plane Array (FPA) Detection for Near-Infrared Imaging Microscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 5 (1994): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944924899.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive, noninvasive method for chemical analyses, and its integration with imaging technologies represents a potent tool for the study of a wide range of materials. In this communication the use of an indium antimonide (InSb) multichannel imaging detector for near-infrared absorption spectroscopic microscopy is described. In particular, a 128 × 128 pixel InSb staring array camera has been combined with a refractive optical microscope and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) to display chemically discriminative, spatially resolved, vibrational spectroscopic images of biological and polymeric systems. AOTFs are computer-controlled bandpass filters that provide high speed, random wavelength access, wide spectral coverage, and high spectral resolution. Although AOTFs inherently have a wide range of spectroscopic applications, we apply this technology to NIR absorption microscopy between 1 and 2.5 μm. The spectral interval is well matched to the optical characteristics of both the NIR refractive microscope and the AOTF, thereby providing near-diffraction-limited performance with a practical spatial resolution of 1 to 2 μm. Design principles of this novel instrumentation and representative applications of the technique are presented for various model systems.
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Cintron, Michael Santiago, Terri Von Hoven, Doug J. Hinchliffe, and Rebecca Hron. "Examination of Cotton Maturity and Maturity Distribution Using an Infrared Focal Plane Array Imaging System." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.1.3.

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Cotton maturity describes the thickness of the cotton secondary cell wall. There is a need for developing non-destructive methods for measuring maturity that also examine distribution. The current study seeks to expand reported infrared (IR)-based maturity determinations using an IR imaging system with a focal-plane array (FPA) detector. Adapted equations were used to examine the maturity of cotton standards and of a larger set of upland cotton varieties (30 total). Maturity values obtained with a Cottonscope and from IR determinations showed strong linearity, R2 = 0.95, while contour plots provided a visual representation of the maturity distribution in the samples. These results validate the use of IR measurement for examining cotton maturity and establish the use of the FPA IR system for examining and imaging cotton maturity distributions.
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Bajenescu, Titu-Marius I. "INFRARED DETECTORS." Journal of Engineering Science XXV (3) (November 15, 2018): 29–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2557317.

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Infrared detectors have wide application in a range of industry sectors, including defence, astronomy, medicine, environmental safety, and remote sensing. The applications requiring the highest sensitivity over a broad spectrum of wavelengths are usually based on the high performance mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) ternary alloy, since HgCdTe-based detector performance dominates others in the mid-wave and long-wave infrared spectrum. HgCdTe is the dominant material currently in use for infrared (IR) focal-plane-array (FPA) technology. The subject is vast: IR systems combine a wide variety of disciplines, and image interpretation depends on the precise understanding of various phenomena. It has  been predicted that, because of its excellent properties, HgCdTe technology will continue to expand the range of its applications well into the future.
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Lu, Di, Wenchang Li, Jian Liu, Gang Chen, and Zhigang Li. "Design of a Configurable Spike-Encoding Circuit Based on Focal Plane Array." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810092.

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Spiking neural networks inspired by biological models are gaining popularity in artificial intelligence due to their ability to solve diverse problems while reducing energy consumption. As a result of the trade-off between the need to transmit large amounts of data and the power consumption of hardware deployment, artificial vision systems are particularly well-suited to construction using spiking neural networks (SNNs). How to communicate with the neuromorphic network effectively is one of the challenges associated with building systems that utilize SNN systems. It is necessary to convert the data to spike form before they can be processed by an SNN as input, unless neuromorphic or event-triggered sensing systems are employed. We present a configurable circuit based on a focal plane array (FPA) capable of providing spike-encoded readout data at the pixel level. With this type of circuit, the current signal of the photoelectric sensor can be encoded into two spike encodings with different precision, which are sent for processing to SNNs. This provides image information at two different scales for the artificial vision system based on SNNs. With this feature, we can use this circuit and different SNN structures to build an artificial target recognition system that is closer to the biological visual system.
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Yang, Bo, Yizhen Yu, Guixue Zhang, Xiumei Shao, and Xue Li. "Design and Fabrication of Broadband InGaAs Detectors Integrated with Nanostructures." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146556.

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A visible–extended shortwave infrared indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) focal plane array (FPA) detector is the ideal choice for reducing the size, weight and power (SWaP) of infrared imaging systems, especially in low-light night vision and other fields that require simultaneous visible and near-infrared light detection. However, the lower quantum efficiency in the visible band has limited the extensive application of the visible–extended InGaAs FPA. Recently, a novel optical metasurface has been considered a solution for a high-performance semiconductor photoelectric device due to its highly controllable property of electromagnetic wave manipulation. Broadband Mie resonator arrays, such as nanocones and nanopillars designed with FDTD methods, were integrated on a back-illuminated InGaAs FPA as an AR metasurface. The visible–extended InGaAs detector was fabricated using substrate removal technology. The nanostructures integrated into the Vis-SWIR InGaAs detectors could realize a 10–20% enhanced quantum efficiency and an 18.8% higher FPA response throughout the wavelength range of 500–1700 nm. Compared with the traditional AR coating, nanostructure integration has advantages, such as broadband high responsivity and omnidirection antireflection, as a promising route for future Vis-SWIR InGaAs detectors with higher image quality.
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Li, Mai. "Systematic analysis of New Technologies and trends of infrared photodetectors." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 121 (December 24, 2024): 281–90. https://doi.org/10.54097/d8aapv57.

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Infrared detection has always been regarded as an important technology with significant applications in military, industrial, and daily life. Infrared photodetectors (IRPDs) have experienced the development process from thermal IRPDs to photonic IRPDs, until now, the latter can be widely used in focal plane array (FPA). For a long time, IRPD technology based on HgCdTe and InSb materials has dominated the market, but there are still limitations in operating temperature and detectable wavelength region. Since the 21st century, people have been committed to researching new types of IRPDs. Type-II superlattice system technology is considered an alternative solution to the long wave region, and its performance can be improved by adding unipolar potential barriers, which only allow one type of carriers to pass normally. Quantum well and quantum dot are new IRPD technologies based on quantum theory. The former is based on developed GaAs growth technology and can reduce production costs; The latter utilizes the binding mechanism of quantum dots to increase the operating temperature, but whether it can be applied to large-scale devices remains to be researched. All these technologies will contribute to the development and application of the third generation of IRPD.
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Shen, Qiying, Yongsheng Liu, Ren Chen, et al. "The Atmospheric Vertical Detection of Large Area Regions Based on Interference Signal Denoising of Weighted Adaptive Kalman Filter." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228724.

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In comparison with traditional space infrared spectroscopy technology, the interference signals of a large focal plane array (FPA) can be used to obtain spectra over a larger area range and rapidly achieve large-scale coverage of hyperspectral remote sensing. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio of the interference signals limits the application of spectral data, especially when atmospheric detection occurs in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) band. In this paper, we construct an LWIR hyperspectral system of a Fourier transform spectrometer composed of a HgCdTe photovoltaic IR FPA and a Michelson interferometer. The LWIR interference signals are obtained by a high-frequency oversampling technique. We use the Kalman filter (KF) and its improved weighted adaptive Kalman filter (WAKF) to reduce the noise of multiple measured data of each pixel. The effect of overshoot and ringing artifacts on the objective signals is reduced by the WAKF. The applicability is studied by the interference signals from the different sampling frequencies and different pixels. The effectiveness is also verified by comparing the spectra of denoised interferograms with the reference spectrum. The experimental results show that the WAKF algorithm has excellent noise suppression, and the standard deviation of the interferogram can be reduced by 39.50% compared with that of KF. The WAKF is more advantageous in improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the interferogram and spectra. The results indicate that our system can be applied to atmospheric vertical detection and hyperspectral remote sensing over large area ranges because our denoised technique is suitable for large LWIR FPA.
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Simon, Márta, Nikki van Alst, and Jes Vollertsen. "Quantification of microplastic mass and removal rates at wastewater treatment plants applying Focal Plane Array (FPA)-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) imaging." Water Research 142 (October 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.019.

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Conference papers on the topic "Focal-plane-array (FPA) technology"

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McAdoo, James A. "Concepts and applications for multispectral/hyperspectral focal plane array (FPA) technology." In Second International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment, and Space, edited by William L. Smith and Yoshifumi Yasuoka. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417024.

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Laband, Stan. "Portable infrared camera." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.fdd.4.

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West, R. A., G. A. Walter, and M. J. Dahlin. "Linear Variable Filter Coatings for Multispectral FPAs." In Optical Interference Coatings. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1995.thc17.

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The Thin Film Engineering Laboratory at Santa Barbara Research Center (SBRC) has recently developed a multispectral Focal Plane Array (FPA) for the 3.0-5.5µm region using a Linear Variable Filter (LVF) mounted directly onto a linear or two-dimensional indium antimonide (InSb) detector array. This technology involves depositing a "wedged" thickness interference filter coating on a single filter substrate and then mounting it directly to the detector assembly using a new proximal mounting technique (patent pending) currently under development at SBRC. Each layer in the coating is wedged by use of a mechanically varying shutter on the substrate tooling during the deposition. The purpose of the wedged coating is to provide a spectral bandpass which varies linearly with position along the length of the substrate such that each element of the detector array responds to a different spectral band.
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Andersson, J. Y., J. Alverbro, J. Borglind, and P. Helander. "Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Arrays for Thermal Imaging Applications." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.ctho1.

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Long wavelength (8-10 µm) quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) based on intersubband transitions in n-doped AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QW) are known to exhibit high detectivities D * = I 1010 -9-1010 cm Hz1/2 W1. Due to the well established GaAs material and processing technology QWIPs are viable candidates for high resolution (>128x128 pixels), low cost LWIR (8-12 µm) focal plane arrays (FPAs). Excellent wafer uniformities giving responsivity uniformities of 2-4 % across an array have been demonstrated and a temperature resolution NETD (noise equivalent temperature difference) = 20 mK is achieved . In the discussion below n-doped AlGaAs/GaAs QWIPs are assumed since, at least to date, these have been shown to provide the highest performance.
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Lewis, E. Neil, Linda H. Kidder, Ira W. Levin, Victor F. Kalasinsky, and David S. Lester. "Infrared Chemical Imaging." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fwa.1.

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We have developed a new Fourier transform infrared chemical imaging technique1 which, when coupled with powerful multivariate data processing methods, allows the visualization of intrinsic chemical distributions in biological samples and other composite materials. Integrating spectroscopy with sample visualization and digital image processing is a potent combination of what have traditionally been two distinct methods for studying the chemistry and morphology of a sample. This synergy has been referred to as chemical imaging or hyperspectral imaging and has wide ranging implications for material characterization. In the infrared spectral region the technique relies on the use of infrared focal-plane array detectors composed of either indium antimonide (InSB), mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) or arsenic doped silicon (Si:As). These arrays, which were originally developed for defense related applications, constitute an emerging commercial technology. The arrays can be used in conjunction with standard Cassegrainian infrared optics and step-scan Michelson infrared interferometers to construct imaging systems capable of collecting tens of thousands of spatially resolved infrared spectra and images with less than 1 minute of data acquisition time.2 The data sets contain both spatial and spectral information and typically consist of hundreds of images resolved in frequency space (wavenumbers, cm-1), with each image containing many tens of thousands of pixels. Using a microscope, each pixel can sample a region as small as 2 μms2 of a sample surface.
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