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Books on the topic 'Focal Seizures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Liou, Jyun-you. The spatiotemporal dynamics of human focal seizures. [publisher not identified], 2017.

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2

Panayiotopoulos, C. P. Benign Childhood Focal Seizures and Related Epileptic Syndromes. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-477-7.

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3

Bäumer, Dirk. Seizures. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0042.

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Seizures are transient neurological events caused by abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. This can arise from a localized brain region, causing focal seizures, or simultaneously from both hemispheres, leading to generalized seizures. Epilepsy is the tendency to develop recurrent seizures and is usually diagnosed after two or more unprovoked seizures. This chapter covers simple partial seizures (sometimes called aura), complex partial seizures, and focal (or partial) seizures, their differential diagnosis, context, approach to diagnosis, key diagnostic tests, therap

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4

Benign Childhood Focal Seizures And Related Epileptic Syndromes. Springer, 2010.

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5

Boro, Alex, and Jerome Engel. Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Course: Epilepsy Syndromes with Focal Seizures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0043.

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The epilepsies are a common and often devastating group of diseases characterized by recurrent seizures and coexisting conditions including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral comorbidities. These diseases affect about 1% of the population worldwide. About 60% of patients with epilepsy have focal seizures. The goal of this chapter is to describe the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and prognosis of the epilepsy syndromes characterized by focal seizures. The biological bases of these diseases and their management are explored in detail in other chapters in this volume.

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6

Mahta, Ali, and Peter B. Crino. Focal Cortical Dysplasias. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0039.

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Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are common malformations of cerebral cortical development that are highly associated with medically intractable epilepsy. FCDs have been classified according to neuropathological subtypes (type Ia, Ib, IIA, IIb, and III) based on the severity of cytoarchitectural disruption, and the presence of unique cell types (e.g., balloon cells). Most FCDs can be detected by neuroimaging studies and will require respective epilepsy surgery to cure refractory seizures. The pathogenesis of FCDs remains to be defined, although current belief is that these lesions result from

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7

Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Seizures and Epilepsy (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0008.

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The video in this chapter explores seizures and epilepsy, including definitions or focal or generalized seizures and epilepsy, as well as the differences between the two. It discusses risk factors for epilepsy (family history, history of febrile seizures, brain injury) and its diagnosis (by history and EEG), as well as comorbidities of epilepsy (mood and cognitive disorders, accidents, and sudden unexpected death).

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8

Krishnan, Vaishnav, Bernard S. Chang, and Donald L. Schomer. The Application of EEG to Epilepsy in Adults and the Elderly. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0019.

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Surface or scalp electroencephalography (EEG) has become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis, classification, and care of patients with epilepsy across the age spectrum. This chapter provides an overview of interictal and corresponding ictal scalp EEG patterns observed in adults with certain classical epilepsy syndromes. In patients with one or more new-onset seizures, the value of EEG testing begins with a close examination of the interictal record. The morphology, frequency, and topography of interictal epileptiform discharges (when present) are typically sufficient to broadly distinguis

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9

Bertram, Edward H. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0038.

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Temporal lobe epilepsy, as discussed in this chapter, is a focal epilepsy that involves primarily the limbic structures of the medial temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex). In recent years animal models have been developed that mirror the pathology and pathophysiology of this disease. This chapter reviews the human condition, the structural and physiological changes that support the development of seizures. The neural circuitry of seizure initiation will be reviewed with a goal of creating a framework for developing more effective treatments for this disease.

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10

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Antiepileptic Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0006.

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Patients are often admitted to the neurosciences intensive care unit specifically for the treatment of a series of seizures or focal status epilepticus. Far more urgent is convulsive status epilepticus, which requires multiple intravenously administered antiepileptic drugs. The choices are different when the patient is in status epilepticus and refractoriness is mostly due to pharmacologic resistance. Use of an algorithm for decision making is common in the management of refractory status epilepticus. Antiepileptic drugs often interact with other antiepileptic drugs. This chapter discusses the

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11

Seeck, Margitta, and Donald L. Schomer. Intracranial EEG Monitoring. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0029.

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Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is used to localize the focus of seizures and determine vital adjacent cortex before epilepsy surgery. The two most commonly used electrode types are subdural and depth electrodes. Foramen ovale electrodes are less often used. Combinations of electrode types are possible. The choice depends on the presumed focus site. Careful planning is needed before implantation, taking into account the results of noninvasive studies. While subdural recordings allow better mapping of functional cortex, depth electrodes can reach deep structures. There are no guideli

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12

Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson, and David Ledingham. Epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0003.

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This chapter on epilepsy discusses the major classification of epileptic disorders, the management and evidence base for treatment of chronic epilepsy (focal-onset and generalized seizures), the use of antiepileptic drugs in young women, withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs, and the management of status epilepticus.

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13

Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. Rassmussen’s Encephalitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0027.

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Rasmussen’s encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis that generally manifests in the pediatric population with refractory focal motor seizures followed by insidiously progressive cognitive decline and hemispheric dysfunction. In this chapter, we review the current pathophysiological concepts of RE, its typical clinical and pathognomonic radiographic features, and the medical and surgical therapeutic approaches.

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14

Anderson, Mark D., and Karl E. Misulis. Neuro-Oncology. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0025.

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Cancers require neurologic care for multiple facets of evaluation and diagnosis. Among the most common are diagnosis of a CNS mass lesion, localization and diagnosis of new focal deficits, seizures or encephalopathy in cancer patients, suspected paraneoplastic disorders, and neurologic complications of cancer treatment. This chapter discusses common and important disorders likely to be encountered in a hospital neurology practice.

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15

Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Infections of the CNS: Meningitis and Encephalitis (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0007.

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The video in this chapter discusses infections of the central nervous system (CNS), meningitis including its symptoms (fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, altered level of consciousness), its causes (bacterial, fungal, viral, or aseptic), and how the CSF profile provides clues to the etiology. The chapter also discusses encephalitis, its symptoms (seizures, other focal neurologic symptoms). Patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis may show T2 hyperintensities in the anterior temporal lobes and limbic structures on MRI. CSF may show xanthochromia and positive PCR for HSV1 or HSV2.

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16

Drislane, Frank W., Susan T. Herman, and Peter W. Kaplan. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0021.

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The clinical presentation and encephalographic (EEG) findings of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can be complicated, making diagnosis difficult. There are generalized (e.g., absence status) and focal (e.g., aphasic status, complex partial status) forms. Some patients are responsive but have cognitive or other neurologic deficits; others are less responsive or even comatose. Increasingly, the diagnosis of NCSE is considered in intensive care unit patients. Here, without clinical signs of seizures such as convulsions, EEG is critical in diagnosis, but there is uncertainty about which EEG

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17

Wehner, Tim, Kanjana Unnwongse, and Beate Diehl. Focal epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0028.

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This chapter examines the neurophysiology of focal epilepsy. It discusses the principles of EEG source localization. This is followed by a presentation of nonspecific and epileptiform interictal EEG findings and ictal EEG patterns seen in focal epilepsy, along with normal EEG variants that may be mistaken for epileptiform features. Seizure semiologies and ictal and interictal EEG findings in mesial and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy, orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, and mesial frontal epilepsy, insular epilepsy, and parietal and occipital epilepsy are presented with illustrative case discussio

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18

Pichler, Michael R., and Robert D. Brown. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0017.

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Thrombosis of cortical veins and/or dural venous sinuses (CVT) is a rare but potentially devastating condition. CVT is more common in women and is strongly associated with pregnancy and the postpartum period, likely due to numerous procoagulant changes during this time. CVT can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on location of thrombosis. Clinical manifestations can include headache, cranial nerve deficits, seizures, and venous infarction with associated focal neurologic deficits. Severe cases may progress to coma and death, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Th

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19

Glumm, Karen. Releasing an Imprisoned Spirit: Removing the Seizure Focal Point. Hamilton Books, 2006.

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20

Gotman, Jean, and Nathan E. Crone. High-Frequency EEG Activity. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0033.

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Activities with frequencies between 60 and 80 Hz and approximately 500 Hz are labeled here as high-frequency activities. They were largely ignored until the beginning of the millennium, but their importance is now well recognized. They can be divided into activities occurring in the healthy brain in relation to sensory, motor, and cognitive or memory activity and activities occurring in the epileptic brain in the form of brief events (high-frequency oscillations), which appear to be an important marker of the brain regions that are able to generate seizures of focal origin. In humans, most of

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21

Grant, Robert. Neurocutaneous syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0235.

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This chapter describes several neurocutaneous syndromes, including tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, Sturge–Weber syndrome, Von-Hippel–Lindau disease and ataxia telangiectasia amongst others.Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Epiloia or Bournville’s Disease, is an autosomal dominant multisystem disease it usually presents in childhood with a characteristic facial rash, adenoma sebaceum, seizures, and sometimes learning difficulties. Central nervous system lesions in tuberous sclerosis are due to a developmental disorder of neurogenesis and neuronal migration. Other organs such as the heart

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22

Drane, Daniel L., and Dona E. C. Locke. Mechanisms of Possible Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0005.

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This chapter covers what is known about the possible mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). It begins with a review of all research examining possible cognitive deficits in this population. Cognitive research in PNES is often obscured by noise created by a host of comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain) and associated issues (e.g., effects of medications and psychological processes that can compromise attention or broader cognition). More recent studies employing performance validity tests

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23

Montouris, Georgia, and Maria Stefanidou. Pregnancy and Neurology. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0027.

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The most common problems for which neurologists see pregnant patients in the ED and hospital are headache, seizure, confusion/encephalopathy, and focal neurologic deficit. This chapter discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and management of various neurologic disorders in pregnancy.

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24

Drislane, Frank W., Susan T. Herman, and Peter W. Kaplan. Convulsive Status Epilepticus. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0020.

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Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a serious neurologic illness causing unresponsiveness, major physiologic disturbances, risk of injury and, if prolonged enough, neuronal damage. Causes are many, and the outcome often depends as much on the etiology as on the epileptic seizure itself. Several anti-seizure medications are used in treatment of GCSE, but some cases continue electrographically when clinical convulsions cease (nonconvulsive SE), and EEG is essential in their diagnosis. About 20% of cases become refractory to initial treatment, and the EEG becomes even more crucial

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