Academic literature on the topic 'Focal spot'

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Journal articles on the topic "Focal spot"

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Sales, Tasso R. M. "Smallest Focal Spot." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 18 (1998): 3844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.3844.

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Wang, Leilei. "Numerical Simulation for Focal Region Characterization in a New Solar Concentrator." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 05n06 (2014): 1460006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14600060.

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Considering the sun light nonparallelism, Monte Carlo ray tracing method and specular reflection law are employed to simulate the effects of focal plane position error, pointing error to spot shape and energy distribution on focal plane of a new type of space solar concentrator. The results show that: with the absolute value of focal plane position error increasing, focal spot radius increases and peak energy flux value on focal plane decreases; when absolute value of focal plane position error is same, focal spot shape and energy distribution is almost the same; with pointing error increasing
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Abd Rahman, Amirah, Kamilia Kamardin, Yoshihide Yamada, and Masaharu Takahashi. "Near-field microwave focusing evaluation of dielectric lens antenna for human body model." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp161-173.

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Various small focus spot applicators are being investigated for hyperthermia therapy, which requires microwave concentration to heat tumors in the human body. Dielectric lens antenna is frequency independent and has strong focusing capability to achieve a very small focusing spot. In this paper, lenses with diameters of 30, 50 and 70 cm were designed to evaluate the size of the focal spot in the human body model. The electromagnetic simulator, FEKO was used to generate rays and near-field focusing data of dielectric lenses at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The simulated focal spot sizes agreed well
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Rahman, Amirah Abd, Kamilia Kamardin, Yoshihide Yamada, and Masaharu Takahashi. "Near-field microwave focusing evaluation of dielectric lens antenna for human body model." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2023): 161–73. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp161-173.

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Various small focus spot applicators are being investigated for hyperthermia therapy, which requires microwave concentration to heat tumors in the human body. Dielectric lens antenna is frequency independent and has strong focusing capability to achieve a very small focusing spot. In this paper, lenses with diameters of 30, 50 and 70 cm were designed to evaluate the size of the focal spot in the human body model. The electromagnetic simulator, FEKO was used to generate rays and near-field focusing data of dielectric lenses at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The simulated focal spot sizes agreed well
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Jing, Xian, Pengju Zhao, Fuzeng Wang, Mingkun Han, and Jieqiong Lin. "Precise Focal Spot Positioning on an Opaque Substrate Based on the Diffraction Phenomenon in Laser Microfabrication." Micromachines 14, no. 12 (2023): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14122256.

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The precise positioning of the laser focal spot on the substrate is an important issue for laser microfabrication. In this work, a diffraction pattern-based focal spot positioning method (DFSPM) is proposed to achieve the precise positioning of the laser focal spot on opaque substrates. A series of diffraction patterns of laser focus under-positioning, exact positioning and over-positioning were obtained to investigate the cross-section light distribution of the laser focal spot. According to the monotonic tendency of FWHM to exhibit light intensity at the focal spot cross-section away from th
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Liu, Xiao Yan, Zhi Wei Lu, Xin Wang, and De Xin Ba. "Centroid Position and Intensity Distribution Measurement of the Small-Scale Focal Spot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.344.

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The measurement of the centroid position of small-scale focal spot is one of the most promising technologies for small-scale focal spot precise positioning. In this report, a method of two-dimensional scanning with CCD has been conducted to measure the centroid position and the intensity distribution of the small-scale focal spot. The theoretical analysis results are given.
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Li, Ting, Yi Zhang, and Liufang Fu. "Four-element planar arrays focus a point-like source based on the artificial iterative phase conjugated processing." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 3 (2023): 4718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0682.

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The artificial iterative phase conjugated processing is an improved algorithm of phase conjugation and has been proven to focus a sharp focal spot using linear array. Because cross-shaped four-element planar array and triangular four-element planar array are widely used in the situation of little acoustic measuring points , their focal patterns by the artificial iterative phase conjugated processing are discussed in this paper. Theory analysis and numerical simulations gives conclusions. Based on the artificial iterative phase conjugated processing, two arrays focus a smaller focal spot than t
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Carpenter, D. A., Ning Gao, and G. J. Havrilla. "XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163666.

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A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapill
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Stafeev, S. S., and V. D. Zaitsev. "Focusing fractional-order cylindrical vector beams." Computer Optics 45, no. 2 (2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-805.

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By numerically simulating the sharp focusing of fractional-order vector beams (0≤m≤1, with azimuthal polarization at m=1 and linear polarization at m=0), it is shown that the shape of the intensity distribution in the focal spot changes from elliptical (m=0) to round (m=0.5) and ends up being annular (m=1). Meanwhile, the distribution pattern of the longitudinal component of the Poynting vector (energy flux) in the focal spot changes in a different way: from circular (m=0) to elliptical (m=0.5) and ends up being annular (m=1). The size of the focal spot at full width at half maximum of intensi
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Dombrugova E. G. and Chernov N. N. "Mathematical modeling of method to control parameters and location of focal spot in ultrasonic surgery." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 5 (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.05.53552.18676.

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A study of methods for correcting the location of a focal spot formed by antenna arrays in the form of a spherical segment with different opening angles in a layered-heterogeneous biological environment was made. The use of the mean-thickness sound velocity in biological tissues as a calculation for the matching layer makes it possible to obtain satisfactory results for correcting the location of the focal spot formed by antenna arrays with the opening theta angle of the spherical segment equal to 60, 90 and 120circ. An algorithm for correcting the location of the focal spot based on changes i
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Focal spot"

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Wilson, Robbie. "On the role of focal spot size in ultra-intense laser-solid interaction physics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29510.

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This thesis reports on experimental investigations examining the role of laser-pulse focal spot size on key aspects of laser-solid interactions, namely laser-driven proton acceleration and laser-energy absorption, at the current state-of-the-art peak laser intensities (1020-1021 W/cm2). This includes the development of new optical tools and diagnostics to achieve these intensities and explore the resultant physics. The interaction of intense laser pulses (>1018 W/cm2) with solid foils has received considerable attention over the last few decades, motivated by their ability to generate high ene
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Chojnowski, Jacek Mariusz. "Novel assessment and optimisation methods for geometrical performance of medical linear accelerators for high precision radiotherapy techniques." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26165.

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Radiotherapy treatment technology and cancer treatment methods are increasingly complex, and more systems and parameters require more tightly controlled initial and regular performance testing. Most medical linear accelerator (linac) mechanical and dosimetric tests have been automated in recent years. However, the traditional tests of coincidence between radiation and mechanical isocentres are still not well scrutinised, not to mention automated. The geometry of the isocentre defines the fundamental geometric reference point for the whole treatment delivery system and each patient’s treatment.
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Maňas, Petr. "Studium kvality řezu mezních tlouštěk oxidačního řezání v závislosti na průměru ohniskového spotu při laserovém dělení materiálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241916.

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Experimental work evaluated the dependence of the thickness of the cutting edge, its roughness and assessment of appearance with regard to the defects resulting from the diameter of the focal spot during oxidative cutting Yb:YAG laser. Other variables include the experiment: process parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, oxygen pressure and focus position. Experiment is based on the Taguchi tables. Test samples were cut off from sheet thickness 10, 15 and 20 mm. Representatives of conventional steel were S235JRC+N, S235JR, S235JR+N and steel type RAEX developed for laser and plasma cut
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Jahn, Wilfried. "Innovative focal plane design for high resolution imaging and earth observation : freeform optics and curved sensors." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0331.

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Le besoin en haute performance en termes de qualité image, résolution et champ de vue accroît la complexité et le budget masse/volume des instruments optiques. Ces contraintes impactent toutes les applications: l’astronomie, la défense, les missions spatiales, la médecine, les objectifs d’appareil photos et caméras, les smartphones, les drones. Afin de résoudre cette problématique dans les instruments d’observation astronomique, je considère deux technologies : les optiques freeform et les détecteurs courbes, qui offrent une nouvelle ère pour le design de systèmes optiques.L’augmentation de la
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Marques, Márcio Alexandre. "Simulação computacional de parâmetros importantes dos sistemas radiológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-11062008-102226/.

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A presente pesquisa faz parte de um trabalho que visa o desenvolvimento de um método de simulação computacional que permita fazer a avaliação da qualidade da imagem radiográfica de maneira rápida e completa e que não apresente os problemas dos métodos tradicionais disponíveis e usados atualmente. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método que leva em consideração e simula os parâmetros importantes dos sistemas radiológicos tais como: o tamanho e a distribuição de intensidade do ponto focal, as condições geométricas de exposição, a heterogeneidade do campo, a distribuição angular dos raios X, a
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Renat, Zoé. "Vers la caractérisation des séismes par renversement temporel : interprétation de la tache focale et impact de l'échantillonnage du miroir." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0075.

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La localisation et la caractérisation des événements sismiques sont essentielles pour comprendre l'origine des événements. Une fois l'origine des évènements et leur localisation déterminés, il est possible de déterminer le niveau de risque sismique dans certaines régions ou encore de comprendre l'impact de l'activité humaine. Il existe de nombreuses méthodes pour localiser les événements et elles utilisent les enregistrements sismiques (i.e., sismogrammes). Elles se basent soit sur les temps d'arrivées soit sur une partie ou la totalité du signal. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à une
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Schiabel, Homero. "Proposta de simulação computacional para avaliação de sistemas de imagem radiológica pelo método das funções de transferência." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54132/tde-19032009-094632/.

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A presente tese demonstra, a partir da avaliação convencional pelo método das Funções de Transferência de sistemas de imagem radiológica, que é necessário obter imagens de fenda em diversas orientações no campo para que essa análise tenha um significado mais real no caso de sistemas não isotrópicos. Isso provém da não linearidade na variação entre as FTMs obtidas para diversas direções 0 e 90&#176C relativas ao eixo do tubo de raios-X. Essa verificação, entretanto, representa um sério problema prático, pois indica um aumento no grau de complexidade de um método que, embora considerado o mais p
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Le, Cain Aurélie. "Caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles d'une tache focale LMJ." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14475/document.

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La performance des cibles du Laser LMJ est très sensible à l'uniformité de la tache focale du laser. La technique utilisée à ce jour pour éviter les inhomogénéités est de rendre le faisceau partiellement incohérent, ce qui a pour conséquence la fluctuation de points chauds (speckles) au cours du temps, avec un effet de moyenne. De nombreux travaux ont d'ores et déjà été menés concernant l'étude de ces points chauds dans le cadre d'un faisceau unique au plan focal. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à ces points chauds lorsqu'il sont issus de la superposition de faisceaux multiples, et plus parti
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Ménudier, Cyrille. "Caractérisation des performances d’antennes à réflecteurs paraboliques illuminées par une source focale BIE : application à l’optimisation d’une couverture multimédia multi-faisceaux." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b4c850a8-8764-4e21-b926-0dda8386e3df/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4038.pdf.

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L’antenne BIE à défaut multi-sources peut être une solution de substitution aux sources focales existantes ou conçues actuellement pour les antennes à réflecteurs dédiées aux télécommunications spatiales haut débit. En diminuant le nombre de focaliseurs, la solution reposant sur l’antenne BIE permettrait de réduire la masse, l’encombrement et bien sûr, le coût du satellite. Les performances de ce type de source focale n’ont cependant pas été caractérisées. Cette étude est l’objet de ce mémoire. Après avoir présenté un état de l’art des systèmes de télécommunications spatiales multifaisceaux, n
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MIAO, CHIA-EN, and 繆佳恩. "Research on the Phase Contrast Imaging and the Measurement of Micro-Focal Spot." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dsr94q.

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碩士<br>元培醫事科技大學<br>醫學影像暨放射技術系碩士班<br>107<br>X-ray image generation technology is divided into intensity attenuation imaging and phase contrast imaging. The differences between these two technologies can be explored using their focal spot size. This study will establish a phase contrast imaging platform and measure spot size of X-ray source. These values can be use to explore the image quality. Normally, the clinical problem in medical imaging is that high atomic number objects will block low atomic number objects and cause false judgment, but phase-contrast images can completely show the contour
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Books on the topic "Focal spot"

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Great Britain. Medical Devices Directorate., ed. Determination of the x-ray focal spot dimensions of three mammography screening systems. Department of Health, Medical Devices Directorate, 1991.

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Agency, Medical Devices, ed. Determination of the X-ray focal spot dimensions of three commercial mammography screening systems - supplement 3 to STD/88/7. Department of Health, Medical Devices Agency, 1994.

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Grant, Robert. Neurocutaneous syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0235.

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This chapter describes several neurocutaneous syndromes, including tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, Sturge–Weber syndrome, Von-Hippel–Lindau disease and ataxia telangiectasia amongst others.Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Epiloia or Bournville’s Disease, is an autosomal dominant multisystem disease it usually presents in childhood with a characteristic facial rash, adenoma sebaceum, seizures, and sometimes learning difficulties. Central nervous system lesions in tuberous sclerosis are due to a developmental disorder of neurogenesis and neuronal migration. Other organs such as the heart
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Book chapters on the topic "Focal spot"

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Krafft, A. J., F. Maier, J. W. Jenne, et al. "Robotically Assisted Focal Spot Scanning MRgFUS: Initial in vivo Experiments." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03906-5_42.

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Krol, Andrzej, Walter Huda, Craig C. Chamberlain, Jean-Claude Kieffer, Zhiming Jiang, and Jangfan Yu. "Ultra-Small Focal Spot X-Ray Sources for High Resolution Digital Mammography." In Computational Imaging and Vision. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5318-8_8.

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Bacsa, Wolfgang, Revathi Bacsa, and Tim Myers. "Spectral Shifts from Nano-Emitters and Finite Size Effects of the Focal Spot." In SpringerBriefs in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58983-7_4.

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Baumann, J., P. Klofac, and G. Fritsch. "Accurate Determination of the Focal Spot Size of a Microfocus X-Ray Tube." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84003-6_100.

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Zhang, Ming, Xin Luo, and Dongri Ji. "Laser Far-Field Focal Spot Measurement Method Based on Multi-step Phase Recovery." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9416-8_16.

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Cierniak, Robert, and Piotr Pluta. "A New Statistical Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm for a CT Scanner with Flying Focal Spot." In Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87897-9_38.

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Cierniak, Robert, and Piotr Pluta. "A New Statistical Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm for a CT Scanner with Flying Focal Spot." In Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87897-9_38.

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Pluta, Piotr, and Robert Cierniak. "A New Rebinning Reconstruction Method for the Low Dose CT Scanners with Flying Focal Spot." In Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42508-0_25.

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Oliveira, P. D., M. A. C. Vieira, and H. Schiabel. "Determination of focal spot size and the modulation transfer function of mammographic equipment without previous alignment." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03882-2_315.

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Pluta, Piotr, and Robert Cierniak. "A New Statistical Approach to Image Reconstruction with Rebinning for the X-Ray CT Scanners with Flying Focal Spot Tube." In Computational Science – ICCS 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36021-3_64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Focal spot"

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Komorowski, Paweł, Mateusz Kałuża, Przemysław Zagrajek, and Agnieszka Siemion. "Multi-focal-spot terahertz lenses designed using a neural network-based algorithm." In 2024 49th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697800.

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Lawson, Janice K., P. A. Renard, Mark A. Henesian, Richard A. Sacks, Jerome M. Auerbach, and David R. Speck. "Focal spot characterization." In Second International Conference on Solid State Lasers for Application to ICF, edited by Michel L. Andre. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.294260.

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Wanluk, Nutthanan, and C. Pintavirooj. "Focal spot, focal object distance and exposure time." In 2017 10th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon.2017.8229171.

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Quabis, Susanne, Ralf Dorn, Jochen Müller, Geoffrey Kihara Rurimo, and Gerd Leuchs. "Radial polarization minimizes focal spot size." In International Quantum Electronics Conference. OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iqec.2004.iwg3.

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Dorrer, C., Y. Li, and P. Fiala. "Focal-Spot Optimization by Polarization Modulation." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2016.sm2m.4.

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Hsieh, Jiang, Michael A. Gard, and S. Gravelle. "Reconstruction technique for focal spot wobbling." In Medical Imaging VI, edited by Murray H. Loew. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.59424.

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Hillers, G., C. Tsarsitalidou, B. Giammarinaro, P. Boué, L. Stehly, and K. Kolehmainen. "Rayleigh Surface Wave Focal Spot Imaging." In NSG 2024 30th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202420187.

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Danson, C. N., R. Bann, D. Pepler, et al. "Focal spot smoothing experiments on the Vulcan glass laser system." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tuo5.

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Laser/plasma interaction experiments have generally suffered from poor focal spot quality. This problem is a direct result of the coherence of the laser. A number of different methods1,2 have been developed to modify the coherence properties of the laser in an attempt to produce a smooth focal spot profile. In designing a scheme suitable for Vulcan a number of constraints have to be considered: the laser system must remain flexible to meet the needs of a broad based user community; the focal spot requirements differ significantly between the different groups and all have to be catered to; and
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Kuntz, Jan, Joscha Maier, Marc Kachelrieß, and Stefan Sawall. "Focal spot deconvolution using convolutional neural networks." In Physics of Medical Imaging, edited by Hilde Bosmans, Guang-Hong Chen, and Taly Gilat Schmidt. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513400.

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Pollari, Russell, and Joshua N. Milstein. "Focal Spot Engineering of Axial Optical Tweezers." In Bio-Optics: Design and Application. OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boda.2015.jt3a.5.

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Reports on the topic "Focal spot"

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Beasley, Joseph N. A Novel Wave Front Method Used for Tracking Terrestrial Concentrator Focal Spot Location. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422658.

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Beasley, Joseph N. A Novel Wave Front Method Used for Tracking Terrestrial Concentrator Focal Spot Location. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423560.

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Steele, R. J., P. W. Fuerschbach, and D. O. MacCallum. Spot size and effective focal length measurements for a fast axial flow CO{sub 2} laser. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658456.

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ชัยธนาวิสุทธิ์, นิลนาจ. สถานภาพการระบาดของโรคปะการังอันเนื่องจากภาวะโลกร้อนและความเสื่อมโทรมของสิ่งแวดล้อมทางทะเลในแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นบริเวณอ่าวไทยและทะเลอันดามัน : รายงานวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.53.

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ได้ศึกษาสถานภาพการระบาดของโรคปะการังอันเนื่องจากภาวะโลกร้อนและความเสื่อมโทรมของสิ่งแวดล้อมทางทะเลในแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นของอ่าวไทยตอนบน (เกาะค้างคาว จังหวัดชลบุรี) อ่าวไทยตอนล่าง (เกาะแตน จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี) และทะเลอันดามัน (เกาะมุกด์ จังหวัดตรัง) ระหว่างฤดูร้อนและฤดูฝนในพ.ศ. 2559 ผลการศึกษาพบโรคปะการังจำนวน 11 ชนิดประกอบด้วย White Plague (WP) Pink Line Syndrome (PLS), White Patch Syndrome (WPS), Porites Trematodiasis (PTR), White Syndrome (WS), Pacific Yellow Band Disease (YBD), Ulcerative White Spot (UWS), Black Band Disease (BBD), Pigmentation Response (PR), Non-focal bleaching (NFB) และ Gr
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Lidia, S., A. Anders, J. J. Barnard, et al. HEAVY ION FUSION SCIENCE VIRTUAL NATIONAL LABORATORY 3nd QUARTER 2009 MILESTONE REPORT: Upgrade plasma source configuration and carry out initial experiments. Characterize improvements in focal spot beam intensity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981526.

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