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Academic literature on the topic 'Focalization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Focalization"

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Simmons, Robert J. "Structural Focalization." ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 15, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2629678.

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Fitri, Humaira Achirul. "Fokalisasi dalam Cerpen Unsu Joeun Nal karya Hyeon Jin Geon." East Asian Review 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ear.v1(1).63-81.

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This study discusses the form of focalization used in the short story titled Unsu Joeun Nal written by Hyeon Jin Geon. This study aims to identify and analyze the form of focalization used in the short story Unsu Joeun Nal. The data for this study are parts of the text in the short story Unsu Joeun Nal which are considered to show the form of focalization. To achieve the research objectives, this research utilizes Genette (1980) focalization theory as an approach to conduct the research. The analysis results of the focalization forms in the short story Unsu Joeun Nal resulted in the finding that Unsu Joeun Nal showed characteristics of zero focalization and internal focalization form, while the characteristics of external focalization form could not be found. The result also show that the utilization of zero focalization form is more dominant in the storytelling of the short story Unsu Joeun Nal. This is shown through the presence of the narrator who shows all the narrator's characteristics in the form of zero focalization. The utilization of zero focalization has a role in making the reader understand the story conveyed through the various elements in it.

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Basaldella, Michele, Alexis Saurin, and Kazushige Terui. "From Focalization of Logic to the Logic of Focalization." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 265 (September 2010): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2010.08.010.

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Birkholc, Robert. "Focalization in Literature and Film: A Shared Area of Research." Tekstualia 1, no. 60 (May 5, 2020): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1365.

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The article is devoted to the category of focalization which in recent years has gained new currency in Polish humanities. It proposes a typology of the major forms of audiovisual internal focalization: narrativization, personalization, and subjectivization. The article then identifi es the areas of intermedial comparative studies in which the concept of focalization is especially useful. Primarily, it can be used to describe analogous textual structures and fi gures – such as „hidden internal focalization” or „double focalization” – in literature and fi lm. It can also function as tertium comparationis in the comparative analysis of novels and their adaptations.

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Shi, Ruijun. "A Comparative Study of Female Relationships under Focalization: Taking The Great Gatsby and Family as Examples." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, no. 1 (February 2023): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.1.380.

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The focalization theory aims to classify and categorize narrative techniques in the literature. This paper applies focalization to the female relationships in The Great Gatsby and Family, specifically those arising from a romantic relationship with the same male, as examples to explore the different characteristics of female relationships under different types of focalization. The study finds that The Great Gatsby uses the narrative with internal focalization in which the female relationships are presented as competitive, whereas in Family a combination of the narrative with internal focalization and the narrative with zero focalization is used in which the female relationships are presented as harmonious co-existence. The difference in female relationships is due to the different contexts of the works, the main themes of the works and the influence of the author’s experiences.

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Mäkelä, Maria, and Merja Polvinen. "Narration and Focalization." Poetics Today 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 495–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7032718.

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Bleeker, Maaike. "Absorption and Focalization." Performance Research 10, no. 1 (January 2005): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2005.10871396.

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Klauk, Tobias, Tilmann Köppe, and Edgar Onea. "Internally focalized narration from a linguistic point of view." Scientific Study of Literature 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.2.2.03kla.

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Most definitions of the narratological notion of internal focalization are cast in terms of what the text represents, namely some character and her point of view. In being thus couched in representational terms, definitions of internal focalization do not mention any linguistic surface properties of the respective text. In this paper, we search for a way to specify the relation between linguistic surface properties and internal focalization. We start by giving a standard narratological account of internal focalization that is fully couched in representational terms. In the next section, we develop a brief but precise theory of linguistic perspective that operates on the text surface. This theory and our linguistic take on internal focalization then rest on the idea of shifted indexical expressions. Our account makes a clear empirical prediction in claiming that the interpretation of an internally focalized sentence will contain variables which will all be bound by the perspective holder. We thus conclude that internal focalization implies linguistic perspective in the sense that the focal character is always the linguistic perspective holder. Hence, our account states a necessary condition for internal focalization in linguistic terms.

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Akimoto, Taisuke, and Takashi Ogata. "Experimental Development Of A Focalization Mechanism In An Integrated Narrative Generation System." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaiscr-2015-0027.

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Abstract “Focalization” is a narrative discourse technique that produces different narrative structures based on choosing unique perspectives from which to present a story. This study designs a focalization mechanism and presents an experimental implementation. The proposed system functions as part of our integrated narrative generation system (INGS). In addition, the approach computationally extends the conceptual research of focalization by Genette to techniques for narrative generation. We define focalization as a procedure to transform a story structure into discourse structures through the following two steps: 1) restricting the scope of story information perceived from a chosen perspective, and 2) generating a discourse structure based on perceived story information. In particular, we define two types of rules for restricting the perception scope based on: a) objective perceptible possibility of constituent elements in a story and b) situations or states in which constituent elements in a story are positioned. Based on the experimentally implemented system, we present generated examples from a story using different focalization types. Through analysis, we show that the basic function of the focalization mechanism was achieved by the aforementioned rules.

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Nünlist, René. "THE HOMERIC SCHOLIA ON FOCALIZATION." Mnemosyne 56, no. 1 (2003): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852503762457509.

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AbstractQuestions related to the point of view within a narrative text are nowadays discussed under the narratological rubric of focalization. An examination of pertinent Homeric scholia shows that ancient literary critics regularly treated questions of focalization, although they neither had a specific term for the concept nor discussed it in its own right. Their interpretations not only deal with the differences in focalization between the narrator-text and the speeches but also include what is now called 'embedded focalization', i.e. the representation of a character's point of view in the narrator-text. The relevant scholia are presented both in Greek and in English translation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Focalization"

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Miller, Brett A. "Incomplete focalization and scenic rhythm in the "Odyssey"." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433491.

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Philpot, Donald Kent. "Character focalization in four children's novels : a stylistic inquiry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30485.

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This study examined the selection and development of character focalization in four children’s novels. Character focalization was defined as the location of fictional world perception in the mind of a character. Novels by Meindert DeJong, Katherine Paterson, and Susan Patron were analyzed using systemic-functional resources (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004), narrative concepts, and a model of focalization described by Rimmon-Kenan (Narrative Fiction, 2002). The study showed that one character in each novel is selected and developed as the prominent fictional world sensory perceiver, emoter, and thinker. Moonta Riemersma in Far Out the Long Canal (DeJong, 1964), Jess Aarons in Bridge to Terabithia (Paterson, 1977), Gilly Hopkins in The Great Gilly Hopkins (Paterson, 1978), and Lucky Trimble in The Higher Power of Lucky (Patron, 2006) are selected and developed as focalizing characters in and beyond the first few chapters of their novels. Distinctive seeing-, hearing-, emoting-, and thinking-patterns obtain in the first few chapters and are subsequently developed according to the principles of continuation, augmentation, or reconfiguration. These distinctive patterns represent the focalized, the people and things perceived. All four characters selected as focalizers are cognitively-engaged individuals, and their thinking reveals their personal understandings about themselves, others, and their lived experiences. This study offers a rich description of four focalizations and a methodology for exploring character focalization in fiction for children, adolescents, and adults. The author suggests that students in fourth through sixth grade will benefit academically and personally by exploring questions centering on focalization in the novels they read, discuss, and reflect on at school.

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Kingsbury, William E. "Techniques of narration and focalization in three novels by Jacques de Lacretelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ23619.pdf.

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Benoit, James. "Working through the ambiguities of focalization with the films of Edward Yang." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98539.

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This thesis is an evaluation of the extent to which theories of focalization are useful for the analysis of point of view in film. In it, I apply the small number of focalization models advanced within film studies to an analysis of the works of an internationally acclaimed Taiwanese director, Edward Yang. I reveal that Yang's films serve well to demonstrate how the conventional typologies of external and internal focalization are convenient labels that mask the considerable degree of ambiguity that is reflected by processes of focalization and narration in many films. Furthermore, I illustrate how an application of the alternative theory of auto-focalization to film analysis can generally free us from the limitations of these typologies, by drawing our attention to the iconic implications of film imagery. Finally, I determine that both models of focalization are largely useful for highlighting the degree to which the functions of character-focalizers and narrators can be indistinguishable, particularly in self-reflexive films.

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Cherer, Brian Francis. "Voice, focalization and subjectivity in Virgil's Aeneid, Book 1 : a post-narratological approch /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115533.

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Dal, Farra Chiara <1991&gt. "Focalization matters. On focus typology, feature checking and the position(s) of focus." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8141.

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The present dissertation explores the properties of focalization, considering some of the main unsolved problems concerning its theoretical account. The first problem regards the possibility of having a focus typology, namely the distinction of (at least) two types of focus and the description of their different realizations and properties. The second one concerns two distinct accounts which try to explain focus movement and its trigger: a feature-driven approach, which claims the necessity of checking a [+ focus] feature contra a non-feature driven approach, which states the importance of the prosodic relation (rather than the syntactic one) between focus and stress. Whether or not [+ focus] is an inherent and legitimate feature, and the possibility of having more than one feature, will be considered. The last problem I will take into account is about the movement of focused constituents. This is still a debated question in the literature: according to some authors there is movement to the left periphery, whereas others claim that focus may be in situ or that it can have two positions. Moreover, I will consider the position(s) of focus in the syntactic structure and I will try to explain how these data can account for some of the most problematic focused structures, such as parasitic gaps and negative words. Since these problems are strictly connected, they must be considered in order to solve this open issue.

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Nazarov, Konstantin. "Focalization in the Old Testament narratives, with specific examples from the Book of Ruth." Thesis, University of Chester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/621584.

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The works in the field of general narratology that have been written since the first introduction of the concept by Genette in 1972 demonstrate a great dynamic in the development of this concept. Unfortunately, the refinements of Genette’s theory often suffer from inconsistency of definitions and remain heuristic, which does not allow the dissemination of the achievements to other types of texts (for example, Old Testament narratives). In the field of biblical narratology the concept of focalization (especially its recent development) was largely overlooked, and the attempts to study the Old Testament narratives in relation to the notion of focalization are generally not accompanied by careful examination of the subject. The purpose of the present research is the consideration of the narratological concept of focalization with regard to the Book of Ruth. To this end, the research examines if recent narrative theories suggest a universal methodology of exploring focalization that can be equally applicable to any narrative texts (including Old Testament narratives) and what are the specifics of applying this methodology to the Old Testament narratives? To answer the question above, the research considers Wolf Schmid’s ideal genetic model of narrative constitution and Valeri Tjupa’s theory of eventfulness and narrative world pictures as universal models for studying focalization. With some modifications and refinements these ideas are transformed into a methodology of studying focalization in the Old Testament narratives. The application of the method to the Book of Ruth shows that on the level of selection of narrative information, the narrator selects sixteen episodes that constitute four narratological events that became the basis of the plot. Then, on the level of composition by the means of reported speech and the play of horizons, those episodes and events were placed in a certain order. Finally, on the level of presentation, these events were presented mainly in the scope of internal focalization, which as demonstrated in the work correlates with the use of the qatal form of the Hebrew verb. Since Schmid’s ideal genetic model of narrative constitution claims to be universal, the method of studying focalization can be equally applied to other Old Testament narratives. Tjupa’s theory of eventfulness and narrative world pictures can help to emphasize narratological events and to blueprint the thread of the narrative and logic of selectivity for those Old Testament narratives that do not have clear division into episodes and events. A subject of special interest is the question if the hypothesis about correlation between constructions with the qatal form of the Hebrew verb and internal focalization remains true to other Old Testament narratives.

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Tihveräinen, H. (Heidi). "“God, look at these stupid cunts!”:indications of focalization in the graphic novel Ghost World." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201306061557.

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The purpose of this study was to find indications of focalization, or point of view, in a graphic novel. My method was to explore the medium-specific narrative elements of comics, i.e. the color scheme, drawing style and text and image interaction, and show how they helped to create focalization. I also discussed what kinds of aspects of focalization can be expressed in a graphic narrative. My material for this study consisted of Daniel Clowes’ graphic novel Ghost World. My theoretical background included studies from the fields of comics research and narratology. The works of Scott McCloud, Will Eisner and Thierry Groensteen formed the basis for my discussion of the storytelling elements of comics. In order to explore the concept of focalization and its manifestation in graphic narratives, I relied on perspectives and tools formulated primarily from the works of Mieke Bal, Kai Mikkonen, Silke Horstkotte and Nancy Pedri. By analyzing the indications of focalization in the graphic novel, I found that the color scheme and drawing style conveyed focalization related to theme and characters. I also discovered the narrative connection between a graphic novel’s cover design and illustrations and its actual narrative content. The analysis of text and image interaction resulted in finding examples of multiple and shared points of view in the graphic novel as well as identifying sudden shifts in focalization, which emphasize the impression of a subjective perspective. The indications of focalization highlighted the central narrative aspect of graphic narratives, i.e. the openness to interpretation. I also found that a broad and flexible use of the concept of focalization is well suited for the study of graphic narratives. Future research on this topic might benefit from looking at other types of graphic narratives, where the structure of the narrative is more experimental. The ideas related to multiple and shared perspectives can perhaps be utilized in studying how multiple points of view are manifested in other multimodal texts on the Internet, where multiple users participate in creating wikis (collaborative websites), and other joint efforts
Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli etsiä fokalisaation, eli näkökulman, merkkejä sarjakuvanovellista. Tutkin sarjakuvalle tyypillisiä kerronnallisia elementtejä, värimaailmaa, piirrostyyliä sekä sanan ja kuvan vuorovaikutusta osoittaakseni, miten niiden avulla luotiin fokalisaatiota. Käsittelin tutkimuksessani myös sitä, miten fokalisaatioon liittyviä erilaisia elementtejä voidaan ilmaista sarjakuvakerronnassa. Tutkimukseni aineisto koostui Daniel Clowesin sarjakuvanovellista Ghost World, ja teoriapohjani muodostui sarjakuvan ja kerronnan tutkimukseen liittyvistä teoksista. Sarjakuvakerronnan elementtien tarkastelussa nojauduin muun muassa Scott McCloudin, Will Eisnerin ja Thierry Groensteenin teksteihin. Fokalisaation käsitettä ja sen ilmenemistä sarjakuvakerronnassa tutkin Mieke Balin, Kai Mikkosen, Silke Horstkotten ja Nancy Pedrin ajatuksiin pohjautuvilla näkökulmilla ja työkaluilla. Tarkastelemalla fokalisaation merkkejä sarjakuvanovellissa huomasin värimaailman ja piirrostyylin ilmaisevan novellin teemaan ja hahmoihin liittyvää fokalisaatiota. Analyysini toi myös esille yhteyden kannen kuvituksen ja novellin kertomuksen välillä. Näkökulman merkkien tutkiminen sanan ja kuvan vuorovaikutuksessa nosti esiin esimerkkejä samanaikaisista ja jaetuista näkökulmista sekä äkkinäisistä fokalisaation muutoksista, jotka vahvistivat näkökulman vaikutelmaa. Fokalisaation merkit korostivat sarjakuvakerronnan keskeistä ominaisuutta eli tulkinnan avoimuutta. Huomasin myös, että laaja ja joustava fokalisaation käsite sopii hyvin sarjakuvakerronnan tutkimukseen. Jatkotutkimus fokalisaation ja sarjakuvakerronnan parissa hyötyisi erilaisten, kokeellisempien sarjakuvien tutkimuksesta. Samanaikaisiin ja jaettuihin näkökulmiin liittyvät ajatukset voisivat myös olla avuksi tutkittaessa näkökulmien päällekkäisyyttä muissa useita esitysmuotoja hyödyntävissä kokonaisuuksissa Internetissä, missä useat käyttäjät osallistuvat wikien (yhteisöllisten verkkosivustojen) ja muiden yhteisprojektien rakentamiseen

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Wielewicki, Vera Helena Gomes. ""Say nothing and it may not be true" : focalization and voice in wide sargasso sea." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1992. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157740.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T17:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 88551.pdf: 1945190 bytes, checksum: 7a3e3a208e6d5d048fd622494b8bafc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992
Jean Rhys publicou em 1966 o romance Wide Sargasso Sea, a história de Bertha, a primeira esposa de Mr. Rochester do clássico Jane Eyre de Charlotte Brontë (1847). Esta dissertação propõe-se desta forma a uma investigação dos "silêncios" no romance principalmente daqueles ligados a Bertha como personagem e narrador. A análise é baseada na teoria sobre focalização e voz narrativa de Gerard Genette.

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Teranishi, Masayuki. "Polyphony and focalization in a literary-historical context : a stylistic analysis of Middlemarch, Nostromo and Herzog." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396579.

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Books on the topic "Focalization"

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Philpot, Don K. Character Focalization in Children’s Novels. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7.

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Hühn, Peter, Wolf Schmid, and Jörg Schönert, eds. Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110218916.

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Hindsight and insight: Focalization in four eighteenth-century French novels. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.

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Character Focalization in Children’s Novels. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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Philpot, Don K. Character Focalization in Children's Novels. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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Experiencing Visual Storyworlds: Focalization in Comics. Ohio State University Press, 2022.

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Focalization in the Book of Ruth. Global Christian Library & Langham Creative Projects & Langham Monographs & Langham Preaching Resources, 2021.

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Company, Arcane Book. Mental Alchemy And Will Focalization - Pamphlet. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006.

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Elliott, Scott S. Time and Focalization in the Gospel According to Mark. Edited by Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.25.

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This chapter summarizes the story of Mark’s gospel highlighting a variety of its key narrative aspects and emphasizing the discursive features that have most captured the interest of New Testament narrative critics. Next, it surveys the most significant scholarly literature on Mark written from a narrative-critical perspective, and draws attention to how narrative interpretations of Mark have paralleled the development of New Testament narrative criticism generally. Finally, it suggests two aspects of Mark’s narrative in need of further analysis: time and focalization. Taking Mark 6:7–30 as a test case, the chapter juxtaposes the filmLa jetéeto demonstrate how the Markan narrator’s manipulation of time and focalization triggers a host of complex questions, and offers the reader greater interpretive freedom, even as it undermines any certainty the reader may have concerning what the narrative means.

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Hühn, Peter, Wolf Schmid, and Jörg Schönert. Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization: Modeling Mediation in Narrative. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Focalization"

1

Philpot, Don K. "Conceptualizing Character Focalization." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 11–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_2.

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Kristensen, Åge, A. Caiti, F. Ingenito, Michael D. Max, Jonathan M. Berkson, Michael D. Collins, Laurie T. Fialkowski, et al. "Experimental Confirmation of Focalization." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics, 153–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_25.

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Morris, Nigel. "“Stereotypes,” focalization and modality." In Routledge Handbook of Health and Media, 185–203. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003007661-16.

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Philpot, Don K. "Character Focalization Selection and Development." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 95–131. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_4.

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Philpot, Don K. "Introduction." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 1–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_1.

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Philpot, Don K. "Understanding Personal Experiences." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 257–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_10.

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Philpot, Don K. "Character Focalization in and Beyond Children’s Novels." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 283–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_11.

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Philpot, Don K. "Focalizing Structures." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 45–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_3.

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Philpot, Don K. "Perceptual Facet Development: Hearing and Seeing Experiences." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 135–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_5.

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Philpot, Don K. "Psychological Facet Development: Emoting Experiences." In Character Focalization in Children’s Novels, 157–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Focalization"

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Botey, Muriel M., Y. C. Cheng, R. Herrero, V. Romero-Garcia, R. Pico, V. J. Sanchez-Morcillo, and K. Staliunas. "Focalization of evanescent beams." In 2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2012.6253923.

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Cheng, Yu-Chieh, Martynas Peckus, Simonas Kicas, Josep Trull, Crina Cojocaru, Ramon Vilaseca, Ramutis Drazdys, and Kestutis Staliunas. "Beam focalization by chirped mirrors." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2014.sw1m.7.

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Calva Mendez, Diana E., and Mario M. Lehman. "Focalization of Fresnel-Cantor zone plates." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.524579.

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Bae, Byung-Chull, Yun-Gyung Cheong, and R. Michael Young. "Automated story generation with multiple internal focalization." In 2011 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2011.6032009.

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Bae, Byung-Chull, Yun-Gyung Cheong, and R. Michael Young. "Toward a computational model of focalization in narrative." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2159365.2159423.

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Kicas, Simonas, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Kestutis Staliunas, Martynas Peckus, Josep Trull, Crina Cojocaru, Ramon Vilaseca, and Ramutis Drazdys. "Beam focalization in reflection from chirped dielectric mirrors." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2013.pte.5.

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Alecu, T. I., P. Missonnier, S. Voloshynovskiy, P. Giannakopoulos, and Thierry Pun. "Soft/hard focalization in the EEG inverse problem." In 2005 Microwave Electronics: Measurements, Identification, Applications. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2005.1628737.

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Wei, Huaxin, and Teresa H. M. Leung. "Playing between Opposite Ideologies with Focalization and Agency." In FDG'21: The 16th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3472538.3472564.

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Li, Qianqian, Bingxiang Zheng, and Zhenglin Li. "Bayesian source localization via multistep focalization in shallow water." In ADVANCES IN OCEAN ACOUSTICS: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ocean Acoustics (OA2012). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4765961.

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Zophoniasson, Harald, Christian Bolzmacher, and Moustafa Hafez. "Parameters influencing focalization spot in time reversal of acoustic waves." In SPIE Microtechnologies, edited by José Luis Sánchez-Rojas and Riccardo Brama. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2178963.

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Reports on the topic "Focalization"

1

Engel, Wanda. What Challenges do Poverty Reduction Strategies Face? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006652.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VI Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on December 9th and 10th, 2003. Why reduce poverty? Social, economic, political and ethical questions. What is Poverty? Basic concepts: poverty, inequality, exclusion and vulnerability Who are the poor? Poverty indicators,base lines, measurement. Poverty profiles as instrument for design and focalization of programs. Family information Systems (Registro Único).

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Rosas-Shady, David, Laura Ripani, and Oscar A. Mitnik. Comparing the Results of Youth Training Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007025.

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The evidence on the effectiveness of youth training programs in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) tends to be encouraging regarding the quality of employment of beneficiaries (positive impacts are observed regarding the access to formal employment), although there is significant heterogeneity across countries and by gender of the beneficiaries. It is not clear how easily one can generalize from the results of an impact evaluation in a particular country. We address the underlying heterogeneity in the characteristics of the beneficiaries of youth training programs in LAC by relying on the individual-level data used in the experimental impact evaluations of three of these programs. We show that we can identify, and characterize, the individuals satisfying a common support condition, i.e. those who are similar across programs. We use non-experimental multiple treatment estimators to eliminate differences across programs, which work better for men than for women. For men satisfying common support (i.e. comparable), who have worse initial conditions than non-comparable individuals, the positive treatment effects on formality disappear for some programs. The results highlight the importance of treatment effect heterogeneity, which may have implications for focalization and program design. They also make explicit the limits to the external validity of each of the experiments, and how difficult is the interpretation of the results from meta-analysis studies. By stressing for which types of individuals it is possible to make comparisons across programs, our study points towards a more nuanced comparison of impact evaluation studies of youth training programs.

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