Books: 'Focalization'

1

Philpot, Don K. Character Focalization in Children’s Novels. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55810-7.

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2

Hühn, Peter, Wolf Schmid, and Jörg Schönert, eds. Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110218916.

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3

Hindsight and insight: Focalization in four eighteenth-century French novels. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.

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4

Character Focalization in Children’s Novels. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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5

Philpot, Don K. Character Focalization in Children's Novels. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

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6

Experiencing Visual Storyworlds: Focalization in Comics. Ohio State University Press, 2022.

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7

Focalization in the Book of Ruth. Global Christian Library & Langham Creative Projects & Langham Monographs & Langham Preaching Resources, 2021.

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8

Company, Arcane Book. Mental Alchemy And Will Focalization - Pamphlet. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006.

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9

Elliott, Scott S. Time and Focalization in the Gospel According to Mark. Edited by Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.25.

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This chapter summarizes the story of Mark’s gospel highlighting a variety of its key narrative aspects and emphasizing the discursive features that have most captured the interest of New Testament narrative critics. Next, it surveys the most significant scholarly literature on Mark written from a narrative-critical perspective, and draws attention to how narrative interpretations of Mark have paralleled the development of New Testament narrative criticism generally. Finally, it suggests two aspects of Mark’s narrative in need of further analysis: time and focalization. Taking Mark 6:7–30 as a test case, the chapter juxtaposes the filmLa jetéeto demonstrate how the Markan narrator’s manipulation of time and focalization triggers a host of complex questions, and offers the reader greater interpretive freedom, even as it undermines any certainty the reader may have concerning what the narrative means.

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10

Hühn, Peter, Wolf Schmid, and Jörg Schönert. Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization: Modeling Mediation in Narrative. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2009.

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11

1939-, Hühn Peter, Schmid Wolf, and Schönert Jörg, eds. Point of view, perspective, and focalization: Modeling mediation in narrative. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

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12

Schmid, Wolf. Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization: Modeling Mediation in Narrative. De Gruyter, Inc., 2009.

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13

Edmiston, William F. Hindsight and Insight: Focalization in Four Eighteenth-Century French Novels. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008.

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14

Buhler, James. Narratology and the Soundtrack. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371075.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 focuses on narrative theories of film. It opens with a discussion of film narratology in general. The second section then covers narratological theories of the soundtrack, especially music, which was one of the first subsystems of film to have its theory rewritten in explicitly narratological terms. It considers contributions by Claudia Gorbman, Michel Chion, Sarah Kozoloff, Giorgi Biancorosso, Robynn Stilwell, Jeff Smith, and Ben Winters and traces how the basic conceptual distinction of diegetic and nondiegetic music has evolved. The next section examines the important narratological concept of focalization as it applies to music in film, drawing on the work of Guido Heldt and concludes with a brief discussion of focalization in Casablanca.

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15

Empathy in Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway. and the Relevance of Focalization and Free Indirect Discourse. Grin Verlag, 2018.

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16

Samek-Lodovici, Vieri. Constraint Conflict and Information Structure. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.27.

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This article examines the insights brought about by a conflict-based approach to the study of information structure. It does so mainly, but not exclusively, through a chronological survey of particularly significant analyses that modelled the syntactic displacements induced by focalization as the effect of prosodic constraints governing the position of prosodic prominence. The historic and conceptual relations between these analyses are highlighted, together with the main theoretical issues they raise and address. While most analyses are based on optimality theory, the article does not assume any prior knowledge of this framework and is accessible to all scholars.

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17

James, Edward. Character. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039324.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the way in which Bujold creates and presents character and personality. It focuses on depth and complexity of Bujold's characterization, with particular discussion of the relationship between Miles and his brother Mark, and between Miles and his cousin Ivan, in the Vorkosigan books. Bujold presents character and personality as created by culture, by nurture, and by experience. Genes, of course, remain at the root; and we are in a universe in which genes can be modified, before and after birth. Bujold creates character in a number of ways, but above all through two means: the choice of focalization and the description of people's interrelationships.

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18

Greenwood, Emily. Thucydides on the Sicilian Expedition. Edited by Sara Forsdyke, Edith Foster, and Ryan Balot. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340385.013.25.

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This chapter analyzes Thucydides’ account of the Athenian invasion in Sicily in Books 6 and 7 of his History, focusing on the interpretative consequences of Thucydides’ Athenian focalization and the fact that the success of his account has obscured alternative perspectives on this invasion. Particular attention is paid to the narrative patterning of the Sicilian invasion as a “double war” that runs parallel to the main, overarching war between the Athenians and the Peloponnesians. This “double war” structure, in which the war ends disastrously for the aggressors, only for them to keep on fighting the other war with renewed vigor, allows Thucydides to illustrate the open-ended unpredictability of war in real time and the constant revision of expectations on the part of those involved.

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19

Zimmermann, Michael. Null subjects, expletives, and the status of Medieval French. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815853.003.0004.

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In view of considerable differences from prototypical null-subject (NS) languages and recent proposals of different types of NS language, this chapter reconsiders the status of Medieval French, generally analysed as a NS language, regarding the NS parameter. It is essentially shown that Medieval French displays traits incompatible with an analysis as a consistent or partial NS language, particularly the existence of overt TP subject expletives, the highly frequent occurrence of overt referential subject pronouns in embedded clauses, and the consistent occurrence of an overt generic subject pronoun. From this and the fundamental insight that, in prototypical non-NS languages such as Modern Standard French, null subjects (NSs) are licit in a restricted number of contexts, the chapter concludes that Medieval French constitutes a non-NS language in which, as in the modern stage, NSs are principally possible in contexts of left-peripheral focalization.

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20

Hingston, Kylee-Anne. Articulating Bodies. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620757.001.0001.

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Articulating Bodies investigates the contemporaneous developments of Victorian fiction and disability’s medicalization by focusing on the intersection between narrative form and the body. The book examines texts from across the century, from Frederic Shoberl’s 1833 English translation of Victor Hugo’s Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) to Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes story “The Adventure of the Crooked Man” (1893), covering genres that typically relied upon disabled or diseased characters. By tracing the patterns of focalization and narrative structure across six decades of the nineteenth century and across six genres, Articulating Bodies shows the mutability of the Victorians’ understanding of the human body’s centrality to identity—an understanding made mutable by changes in science, technology, religion, and class. It also demonstrates how that understanding changed along with developing narrative styles: as disability became increasingly medicalized and the soul increasingly psychologized, the mode of looking at deviant bodies shifted from gaping at spectacle to scrutinizing specimen, and the shape of narratives evolved from lengthy multiple-plot novels to slim case studies. Moreover, the book illustrates that, despite this overall linear movement from spectacle to specimen in literature and culture, individual texts consistently reveal ambivalence about categorizing the body, positioning some bodies as abnormally deviant while also denying the reality or stability of normalcy. Bodies in Victorian fiction never remain stable entities, in spite of narrative drives and the social, medical, or scientific discourses that attempted to control and understand them.

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21

Harford Vargas, Jennifer. Forms of Dictatorship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642853.001.0001.

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An intraethnic study of Latina/o fiction written in the United States from the early 1990s to the present, this book examines novels that depict the historical reality of dictatorship and exploit dictatorship as a literary trope. This literature constitutes a new subgenre of Latina/o fiction that the author calls the Latina/o dictatorship novel. The book illuminates Latina/os’ central contributions to the literary history of the dictatorship novel by analyzing how U.S. Latina/os with national origin roots in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central and South America imaginatively represent authoritarianism. The novels collectively generate what the author terms a “Latina/o counter-dictatorial imaginary” that positions authoritarianism on a continuum of domination alongside imperialism, white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, neoliberalism, and border militarization. The book reveals how Latina/o dictatorship novels foreground these modes of oppression to indict Latin American dictatorships, U.S. imperialism, and structural discrimination in the United States, as well as repressive hierarchies of power in general. The author simultaneously utilizes formalist analysis to investigate how Latina/o writers mobilize the genre of the novel and formal techniques such as footnotes, focalization, emplotment, and metafiction to depict dictatorial structures and relations. The author builds on narrative theories of character, plot, temporality, and perspective to explore how the Latina/o dictatorship novel stages power dynamics. The book thus queries the relationship between different forms of power and the power of narrative form—that is, between various instantiations of repressive power structures and the ways in which different narrative structures can reproduce and resist repressive power.

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22

Clarke, Katherine. Shaping the Geography of Empire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.001.0001.

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This is a book about the multiple worlds that Herodotus creates in his narrative. The constructed landscape in Herodotus’ work incorporates his literary representation of the natural world from the broadest scope of continents right down to the location of specific episodes. His ‘charging’ of those settings through mythological associations and spatial parallels adds further depth and resonance. The physical world of the Histories is in turn altered by characters in the narrative whose interactions with the natural world form part of Herodotus’ inquiry, and add another dimension to the meaning given to space, combining notions of landscape as physical reality and as constructed reality. Geographical space is not a neutral backdrop, nor simply to be seen as Herodotus’ ‘creation’, but it is brought to life as a player in the narrative, the interaction with which reinforces the positive or negative characterizations of the protagonists. Analysis of focalization is embedded in this study of Herodotean geography in two ways—firstly, in the configurations of space contributed by different viewpoints on the world; and secondly, in the opinions about human interaction with geographical space which emerge from different narrative voices. The multivocal nature of the narrative complicates whether we can identify a single ‘Herodotean’ world, still less one containing consistent moral judgements. Furthermore, the mutability of fortune renders impossible a static Herodotean world, as successive imperial powers emerge. The exercise of political power, manifested metaphorically and literally through control over the natural world, generates a constantly evolving map of imperial geography.

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23

Levin, Yael. Joseph Conrad. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864370.001.0001.

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The book builds on current interventions in modernist scholarship in order to rethink Joseph Conrad’s contribution to literary history. It utilizes emerging critical modernisms, the work of Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze, and late modernist fiction, to stage an encounter between Conrad and a radically different literary tradition. It does so in order to uncover critical blind spots that have limited our appreciation of his poetics. The purpose of this investigation is threefold: first, to participate in recent critical attempts to correct a neglect of ontological preoccupations in Conrad’s writing and uncover the author’s exploration of a human subject beyond the Cartesian cogito. Second, to demonstrate the manner in which such an exploration is accompanied by the reconfiguration of the very building blocks of fiction: character, narration, focalization, language, and plot have to be rethought to accommodate a subject who is no longer conceived of as autonomous and whole but is rendered permeable and interdependent. Third, to show how this redrawing of the literary imaginary communicates with the projects of late modernist writers such as Samuel Beckett, writers whose literary endeavors have long been held separate from Conrad’s. In the spirit of current reexaminations of modernism and critical endeavors to think it anew outside the commonplaces that once defined it, this study returns to Conrad’s art with an eye to twentieth-century shifts in the way we process, understand, and evaluate information. Thematic, stylistic, and philosophical instantiations of the slow are offered here as a gauge for this meaningful transformation.

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24

Clarke, Katherine. Depth and Resonance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.003.0004.

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In this chapter Herodotus’ world is explored as a resonant landscape in three main ways. First, through the human emotions of admiration and wonder generated by Herodotus both in his authorial voice and through characters in the narrative in response to both natural and man-made marvels. Here the multiple focalizations bring complexity through their range of responses. Secondly, depth is brought by the dimension of time, as mythological associations of the landscape are revealed, particularly by the progress of the Persian army through locations famous from myth and epic. Finally, additional resonance is brought by Herodotus’ implicit or explicit drawing of geographical parallels, in which different parts of his world reflect their associations on each other.

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25

Clarke, Katherine. Geographical Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.003.0005.

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Here, the depth imbued in Herodotus’ landscape is enhanced by the element of human intervention, which lends a moral aspect. Characters in the narrative, particularly the holders of despotic power engaging in monumental projects, are seen to manipulate the natural world in ways that can be viewed positively or negatively. This chapter explores this apparent contradiction in terms of context, contrast, and varied focalizations, which combine to encourage the reader to see similar actions in different lights. Close attention is paid to the ‘voice’ in which judgements are cast, resulting in a subtle interpretative framework. The division between water and land is explored as particularly fertile ground for exploring human interaction with the landscape in Herodotus’ narrative. The crossing of continental divisions introduces the relationship between individual projects and wider imperial aims, and the sequence of transgressive river crossings is explored as precursor to Persia’s campaigns against Greece.

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Books on the topic 'Focalization'

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