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Books on the topic 'Focus differentiation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Educational Research Service (Arlington, Va.), ed. ERS focus on differentiating instruction to help all students meet standards. Educational Research Service, 2003.

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2

Collings, David G. Workforce Differentiation. Edited by David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi, and Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.20.

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Historically, a key focus of human resource (HR) professionals was developing, implementing, and standardizing HR polices and processes to ensure employees perform in standardized ways. However, the utility of a standardized approach to HR practices has been increasingly questioned over recent decades. In this vein, formalized workforce-differentiation approaches to the segmentation of the workforce based on employees’ competence or the nature of roles performed to reflect differential potential to generate value has emerged as a central element of talent-management strategies. While earlier r

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3

French, Craig. Object Seeing and Spatial Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199666416.003.0006.

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This chapter considers the Spatiality Claim: if one sees an object then one sees some of that object’s spatial properties. The author considers an argument for this given by Cassam (2007), and challenges Cassam’s argument. His argument involves the idea, inspired by Dretske (1969), that seeing an object requires visual differentiation. But, it is argued here, there are prima facie counter-examples to the visual differentiation condition. Next, the author discusses the Spatiality Claim directly, and defends it against potential counter-examples which come from reflection on empirical cases wher

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4

ERS focus on differentiating instruction to help all students meet standards. 2nd ed. Educational Research Service, 2009.

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5

Gulati, Amitabh, and Joseph C. Hung. Cancer Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0017.

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Cancer pain treatment is complex and requires a different and more encompassing focus than many pain processes. Not only can tumor or metastatic lesions cause various types of pain but also the medical, radiological, and surgical treatments of the cancer may eclipse the original cause in some cases. Although treatment is often palliative, the transition from curative to palliative therapies is rarely straightforward, and the influence of patient and family beliefs and sources of meaning may have implications for treatment. This chapter focuses on differentiation of various situations that a pa

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6

Brown, Steven D., and Paula Reavey. Rethinking Function, Self, and Culture in “Difficult” Autobiographical Memories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.003.0008.

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The sociocultural model of autobiographical memory focuses on the narrative or storied nature of autobiographical memories and the role of adult–child interactions in scaffolding these stories. Work in discursive psychology extends this interactional focus and demonstrates the action orientation of jointly constructed narratives. However, in this work, there is hitherto little differentiation made among types of autobiographical narratives. Memories of “difficult” or “painful” events, such as sexual violence, neglect, physical injury, and “traumatic” experiences, present particular challenges

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7

Fulcoli, F. Gabriella, and Antonio Baldini. Transcriptional regulation of early cardiovascular development. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0006.

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The two major cardiac cell lineages of the vertebrate heart, the first and second cardiac fields (FHF and SHF), have different developmental ontogeny and thus different transcription programs. Most remarkably, the fate of cardiac progenitors (CPs) of the FHF is restricted to cardiomyocyte differentiation. In contrast, SHF CPs, which are specified independently, are maintained in a multipotent state for a relatively longer developmental time and can differentiate into multiple cell types. The identity of the transcription factors and regulatory elements involved in progenitor cell programming a

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8

Cahill, Thomas J., and Paul R. Riley. Epicardial and coronary vascular development. Edited by Miguel Torres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0009.

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The coronary circulation is essential for human life. In embryonic development, abnormal formation of the coronary vasculature can cause death in utero or after birth. In adulthood, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the commonest cause of death worldwide. The last decade has witnessed significant strides forward in our understanding of coronary development. Multiple sources of coronary endothelial cells have been identified using genetic tools for fate mapping. The epicardium, the outermost layer of the developing heart, has emerged as both a source of cell progenitors and key signal

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9

Rammah, Mayyasa, Francesca Rochais, and Robert G. Kelly. Incorporation of myocardial progenitors at the arterial pole of the heart. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0007.

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The arterial pole of the heart is a hotspot for life-threatening forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs). It is formed by progressive addition of myocardium from epithelial progenitor cells in the second heart field (SHF). SHF cells contribute successively to the right ventricle and proximal and distal outflow tract myocardial walls which, after neural crest influx and cardiac septation, give rise to myocardium at the base of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. SHF cells are characterized by continued proliferation and differentiation delay controlled by an array of transcriptional regulators and

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10

Newirth, Joseph. From Sign to Symbol. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992328.

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In From Sign to Symbol: Transformational Processes in Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Psychology, Joseph Newirth describes the evolution of the unconscious from the psychoanalytic concept that reflected Freud’s positivist focus on symptoms and repressed memories to the contemporary structure that uses symbols and metaphors to create meaning within intimate, intersubjective relationships. Newirth integrates psychoanalytic theory with cognitive, developmental, and neuropsychological theories, and he differentiates two broad therapeutic strategies: an asymmetrical strategy that utilizes the lo

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Hancock, Landon E. Ethnic Identities and Boundaries: Anthropological, Psychological, and Sociological Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.171.

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Ethnicity and identity are largely about boundaries; in fact, there is no way to determine one’s identity—ethnic or otherwise—without reference to some sort of boundary. In approaching the study of ethnicity and identity, sociology, anthropology, and to a lesser extent political science and international relations tend to focus on the group level and define ethnicity and ethnic identity as group phenomena. Psychology, by contrast, focuses on the individual level. These two disciplinary areas represent the opposite ends of a conceptual focus in examining both ethnicity as a group phenomenon and

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12

Williams, Craig A. Maximal intensity exercise. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0017.

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Despite a surge of interest over the past 10 years in young people’s maximal intensity exercise, the growth and maturation of anaerobic performance is still poorly understood. This observation is interesting for a number of reasons. First, during the prepubertal years, children’s physical activity patterns are characterized by short duration but high intensity bouts of effort.5 Second, investigators are limited by the range of available methodologies, most of which are assessing external but indirect mechanical indices of maximal intensity so as to deduce metabolic changes. Third, there are fe

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13

Silva, Fernando Teixeira da, Alexandre Fortes, Thomas D. Rogers, and Gillian McGillivray, eds. Entangled Labor Histories of Brazil and the United States. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978734579.

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Workers in Brazil and the United States have followed parallel and entangled histories for many centuries. Recent experiences with progressive, popular presidents and authoritarian, populist presidents in the two most populous countries in the hemisphere have underscored important similarities. The contributors in this volume focus on the comparative and transnational histories of labor between and across Brazil and the United States. The countries’ histories bear the marks of slavery, racism, transoceanic immigration, and rapid urbanization, as well as strong regional differentiation and ineq

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14

Priego, Natalia. Positivism, Science and 'The Scientists' in Porfirian Mexico. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781382561.001.0001.

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This book is intended for not only students and academics who undertake research on the history of Mexico during the half-century prior to the onset in 1910 of the Mexican Revolution, but also the parallel community of specialists on the history of ideas, philosophy and science throughout Latin America in this period. Its principal focus is to revisit the influential thesis of the Mexican philosopher Leopoldo Zea that the ideological group dubbed ‘the scientists’ by their opponents were guided by Positivism, particularly as interpreted by Herbert Spencer. It begins by reviewing previous resear

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15

Serdaris, Konstantinos. Regulating Primary Markets in the Capital Markets Union. Hart Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509975013.

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Stay ahead of the curve with this essential book, offering a concise, comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the Prospectus Regulation (including its recent amendment by the EU Listing Act) and the pathbreaking Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers (ECSPR). Placing the discussion in the context of the Capital Markets Union (CMU), this book provides a fresh and insightful perspective on the ever-evolving regulatory landscape of EU primary capital markets, setting out a practical roadmap for achieving effective and inclusive regulation. With a keen focus on the dynamic relation

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16

Ågren, Maria, ed. Gender, Work, and the Transition to Modernity in Northwestern Europe, 1720–1880. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198934325.001.0001.

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Abstract This book shows how and why the division of work between men and women changed in the transition from early modern to modern society. Based on the verb-oriented method and around 19,000 observations of work activities in historical sources, its focus is on a mid-Swedish local society in the period 1720–1880. There were several continuities across this time: both women and men were observed in practically all forms of work, many households (both affluent and destitute) still relied on multiple sources of income, and the marital partnership continued to be important for what women and m

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17

Reychler, Luc. Peacemaking, Peacekeeping, and Peacebuilding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.274.

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Peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding have generated considerable interest in the areas of education, research, and politics. This can be attributed in part to the growing recognition that there are limits to violence and that proactive violence prevention is more cost-effective than reactive conflict prevention. Peacebuilding became part of the official discourse when the United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali introduced the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding in the Agenda for Peace. The agenda specified four areas of action relating to preventive diplomacy, peacema

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18

Thompson, John D. Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835141.001.0001.

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Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean: Insights for conservation brings together a diverse literature on the Mediterranean flora in a detailed but synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central themes of ecological dynamics and evolutionary differentiation are developed at two spatial scales: habitat variation across the landscape and biogeographic processes across the Mediterranean. The history of the Mediterranean region is at the heart of this account and is described within a triptych that links geological and climatic history to the advent and history of human activities. The

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19

Armstrong, Chris. Resources and Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702726.003.0002.

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This chapter has four goals. First, it seeks to define natural resources, differentiating them from other goods with which a theory of justice might be concerned. Second, it discusses the diversity of natural resources, and highlights the ways in which this diversity might become matter for a theory of resource justice. Third, it clarifies the focus of a theory of natural resource justice, and engages with some competing views about what the focus of such a theory should be. Fourth, it provides a conceptual framework for thinking about issues of resource justice, by sketching an account of the

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20

Sabatino, Carl, and Chris Wiebe. Bridges Academy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645472.003.0019.

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This chapter explores the programmatic components of a successful strength-based school serving twice exceptional (2e) students in grades 4 through 12. The chapter first provides a brief overview of the school’s background to shed light on the unique learning needs of 2e students and discusses the institutional foundations and beliefs that best support student growth. An overview of the school’s Multiple Perspectives Model shows how faculty members focus on several factors—including students’ gifts and talents, learning differences, and family contexts—to make decisions about learning strategi

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21

Spinrad, Tracy L., and Nancy Eisenberg. Compassion in Children. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.5.

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Developmental psychologists have been increasingly interested in studying children’s “prosocial behavior,” defined as voluntary acts to benefit another. We begin this chapter by differentiating between empathy, sympathy, and personal distress reactions, arguing that compassion overlaps considerably with the construct of sympathy. Next, we focus on the normative development of children’s prosocial behavior and children’s empathy-related responses. Our empirical work also is reviewed, highlighting the differential associations of empathy, sympathy, and personal distress with children’s prosocial

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22

Gabrielson, Teena, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Introducing Environmental Political Theory. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.44.

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This introductory chapter offers an overview of the context, content, and history of environmental political theory (EPT) as a field of study within political science. It starts by differentiating EPT from both the subfield of political theory and other areas of sustainability and environmental studies, with its focus on the political nature of human/non-human relations. EPT’s development over the last twenty years is discussed, in terms of both substantive foci and maturation as a field. The chapter then turns to an overview of the structure and chapters of the Handbook, including chapters on

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23

Krisch, Nico. The Many Fields of (German) International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697570.003.0005.

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In recent years, interest in comparative approaches in the study of international law has grown. This chapter contributes to this endeavor with a focus on the particularities of academic international law in Germany, but also with an interest in methodology and a broader argument for attention to a particular set of factors behind differences in the interpretation and application of international law. Using sociological insights, it focuses on the professional contexts in which the different interpreters are embedded—the social and professional ‘fields’ in which they operate—and suggests conne

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24

Hayward, Tim. Ecological Space. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.31.

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Ethical implications of the concept of ecological space can be drawn from the focus it brings to issues arising from the finitude and vulnerability of habitats. An evident ethical concern is that each person should have sufficient access to support at least a minimally decent life. The demands placed by the world’s human population on its ecological space, however, are such that some members do not have enough of it for their health and well-being. One aspect of this problem is the finitude of the earth’s aggregate biophysical capacity; another is that some humans make vastly more use of the p

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25

Lameire, Norbert, Raymond Vanholder, and Wim Van Biesen. Clinical approach to the patient with acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0222_update_001.

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The prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) depends on early diagnosis and therapy. A multitude of causes are classified according to their origin as prerenal, intrinsic (intrarenal), and post-renal.Prerenal AKI means a loss of renal function despite intact nephrons, for example, because of volume depletion and/or hypotension.There is a broad spectrum of intrinsic causes of AKI including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis. Evaluation includes careful review of the patient’s history, physical examination, urinalysis, selected urine chemistrie

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26

Schmeink, Lars. Dystopia, Science Fiction, Posthumanism, and Liquid Modernity. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781383766.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 provides an inventory of the theoretical strains pertinent to the discussion and elaborates the concepts introduced. Starting from the premise of science fiction as a cultural mode that is ideally suited to negotiate technoscience and its influence of socio-political structures, the chapter introduces and defines the cultural formation of 'biopunk' from its pre-cursor cyberpunk. Then, biopunk will be situated as a creative intervention into posthuman discourses by elaborating the origin and use of the 'posthuman,' anchoring it in discussions differentiating between transhumanism and

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27

Foy, Steven L. Racism in America. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216004301.

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This book explains how race, once a differentiating factor, became a major basis for stratification in the United States that pervaded scientific thought, religious doctrine, governmental policy, and the patterned actions of decision-makers in all sectors of social life. Racism in America: A Reference Handbook diverges from the typical focus of accounts of racism on interpersonal prejudice and discrimination to situate racism within structural processes to demonstrate the systematic nature of racial discrimination. Racial progress, though notable, has largely addressed symptoms of the racializ

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Managing the Big Picture in Colleges and Universities. Praeger, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216192558.

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In the past, colleges and universities relied on small picture tactics to determine insititutional direction. Even now, many institutions are missing a big picture approach to leadership and management. In an environment where business continues to aggressively optimize the opportunities it sees in higher education, institutional leaders must adopt a more strategic approach to guiding colleges and universities into the future. Strategy must become an essential part of the organizational architecture of every college and university. This book is intended to serve as a road map for strategy crea

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