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1

Douthwaite, Megan. The village relations study: An analysis of thirty-eight focus group discussions. Islamabad, Pakistan: Ministry of Population Welfare, 1997.

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2

Tracey, Wagner-Rizvi, and Pattan Development Organization, eds. Digging deeper: A study based on focus group discussions with voters and candidates. Islamabad: Pattan Development Organisation, 2006.

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3

Richard, Kibombo, Neema Stella, Uganda. Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development., and United Nations Development Programme, eds. Focus group discussions on social cultural factors impacting on HIV/AIDS in Uganda. [Kampala]: Makerere Institute of Social Research, 2003.

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4

Keulder, Christiaan. Perception of human rights and rights-related issues among Namibian youth: Results from focus group discussions. Windhoek, Namibia: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002.

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5

Kornfield, Ruth. Cultural practices related to HIV/AIDS risk behaviour: Focus group discussions of village leaders in Phalombe. [Lilongwe?]: Support to AIDS and Family Health Project, 1997.

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6

Gandidze, M. A report on focus group discussions with out of school youth on perceptions and strategies for communicating about AIDS. [Harare] Zimbabwe: Ministry of Education and Culture, 1993.

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7

Network, Women's Emergency Services. Domestic and family violence: Raising the issues! : A snapshot of current issues and reponses arising from national focus group discussions 1999. Canberra: WESNET, 2000.

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8

Hussein, Shazreh. Unwanted & unloved: Qualitative research on female to male ratio among children & youth in Tharparkar & Umerkot ; gender action learning system tools & focus group discussions. Karachi: Thardeep Rural Development Programme, 2011.

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9

Bond, Ginny. Formative research on mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Zambia: A working report of focus group discussions held in Keemba, Monze, November 1999. [Lusaka: s.sn, 2000.

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10

Planning focus groups. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications, 1998.

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11

Sola, Ann. "You're treated differently, when you don't have insurance": Perceptions of women in north-northeast Portland on improving access to Medicaid and prenatal care ; a report on focus group discussions. [Portland, Or.]: Black United Fund of Oregon, 1993.

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12

The focus group guidebook. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications, 1998.

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13

Bashin, Michelle E. Trip report: Focus group discussion workshop and project monitoring visit, Cameroon. Baltimore, Md: Population Communication Services, Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins University, 1990.

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14

Claudia, Puchta, ed. Realitäten zur Ansicht: Die Gruppendiskussion als Ort der Datenproduktion. Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius, 2007.

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15

Foo, Kuan. Summary of the discussion of the aboriginal law graduates focus groups. Vancouver: Law Society of British Columbia, 1998.

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16

Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan pada Organisasi Internasional (Indonesia). Optimalisasi diplomasi Indonesia di G-20: Penguatan struktur domestik : focus group discussion, Bandung, 3 Agustus 2010. [Jakarta]: Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan pada Organisasi Internasional, Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Luar Negeri RI, 2010.

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17

Focus Group Discussion with ANMs on Reproductive and Child Health Services and Sector Reform (2001 Adilabad, India, etc.). Reproductive health services and health sector reform: Focus Group Discussion with ANMs in Andhra Pradesh : a report. Hyderabad: Institute of Health Systems, 2002.

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18

Sejahtera, CV Putra Tonda. Pengkajian kebijakan stimulasi kebutuhan dan penguatan interrelasi pemasok-pengguna teknologi biofuel, 01.04.0302.9854.0367.A: Laporan focus group discussion. [Jakarta]: Pusat Pengkajian Kebijakan Difusi Teknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, 2006.

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19

Indonesia. Departemen Luar Negeri. Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan. Prospek NAASP sebagai perekat solidaritas dan kerjasama Asia-Afrika, Jakarta, 28 Oktober 2010: Laporan pelaksanaan focus group discussion. Jakarta: Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Luar Negeri, Republik Indonesia, 2010.

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20

Focus Group Discussion Peningkatan Hubungan Ekonomi Perdagangan Indonesia-Afrika Bagian Selatan (2010 Bandung, Indonesia). Laporan pelaksanaan Focus Group Discussion Peningkatan Hubungan Ekonomi Perdagangan Indonesia-Afrika Bagian Selatan: Peluang dan Tantangan : Bandung, 1-2 Maret 2010. Jakarta: Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Luar Negeri, Republik Indonesia, 2010.

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21

Bogor?, Indonesia) Focus Group Discussion Kenaikan Harga BBM dan Pencapaian MDGs (2008? Prosiding Focus Group Discussion Kenaikan Harga BBM dan Pencapaian MDGs: Eksplorasi opsi dari sudut pandang pangan, gizi, dan kualitas sumberdaya manusia. Bogor: Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center-IPB bekerjasama dengan Departemen Gizi Masyarakat, FEMA-IPB, dan Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, FATETA-IPB, 2008.

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22

Indonesia. Departemen Luar Negeri. Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan. Copenhagen Accord: Status hukum, pelajaran-pelajaran penting dalam negosiasi perubahan iklim, dan posisi Indonesia ke depan, Bandung, 1 April 2010 : focus group discussion. [Jakarta]: Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Luar Negeri RI, 2010.

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23

Kebijakan, Indonesia Departemen Luar Negeri Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan. Laporan pelaksanaan focus group discussion "Trans-Pacific partnership sebagai opsi integrasi ekonomi kawasan Asia Pasifik, peluang dan tantangan bagi Indonesia": Jakarta, 6 Desember 2010. Jakarta: Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Luar Negeri, Republik Indonesia, 2010.

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24

Focus Group Discussions. Oxford University Press Inc, 2013.

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25

Hennink, Monique M. Focus Group Discussions. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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26

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. and Universidade de Timor Leste. Faculty of Social and Political Sciences., eds. Carrying the people's aspirations: A report on focus group discussions in East Timor. Dili, East Timor: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, 2002.

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27

Sailer, Mary Ellen. Decision making processes of student affairs professionals: An analysis of ethical considerations identified through focus group discussions. 1990.

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28

Association, American Bar, ed. Comparing perceptions of lawyers: Report comparing focus group discussions in Chicago, Louisville and San Diego. 1994.

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29

Membawa aspirasi masyarakat: Sebuah laporan mengenai diskusi kelompok terarah (focus group discussions) di Timor Lorosae. Dili, East Timor: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, 2002.

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30

Crawford, Brian R. Community-based marine sanctuaries in the Philippines: A report on focus group discussions (Coastal management report). Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, 2000.

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31

Organization, Pattan Development, and Institute of Social Sciences (Lahore, Pakistan), eds. Beyond voting: Voices of the electorates and party workers election 2002 : based on focus group discussions. Lahore: Pattan Development Organization, 2002.

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32

Beyond voting: Voices of the electorates and party workers election 2002 : based on focus group discussions. Lahore: Pattan Development Organization, 2002.

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33

Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), ed. Discussing reform: Tools for facilitating a focus group. [Providence, RI]: Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory at Brown University, 2000.

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34

Prolegnas sebagai politik pembangunan hukum nasional: Proceeding workshop dan focus group discussion. [Jakarta]: Badan Legislasi, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, 2008.

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35

Neogi, Mozammel Haque. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in Training : Needs Assessment and Evaluation (Theory and Practice). AH Development Publishing House, 2001.

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36

Dewar, Jacqueline M. Evidence: From Interviews, Focus Groups, and Think-Alouds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821212.003.0007.

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Chapter 6 gives detailed instructions for gathering evidence through focus groups, interviews, and think-alouds. When seeking to answer questions about science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) student thinking, motivation, attitudes, or underlying reasons for certain behaviors, a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) investigator should consider using one or more of these methods even though they may be unfamiliar. Numerous examples are given of studies of student learning in science, engineering, and mathematics that employed these methods. The investigator is advised to select a method that is appropriate for the type of research question—What works? What is? What could be? The chapter closes with a discussion of the key role that student voices play in SoTL, including the positive outcomes resulting from several projects that engaged students as co-investigators or provided undergraduate research experience in pedagogical research.
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37

Odell-Miller, Helen. Music Therapy for People with a Diagnosis of Personality Disorder. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.46.

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Towards the end of the twentieth century focus upon the diagnosis of personality disorder began to change. Previously, people with personality disorders experienced marginalization within mental health services. People with a diagnosis of personality disorder may feel distressed, frightened, and in psychic pain on a daily basis, as well as having emotional and relationship difficulties. They may also engage in self-harm which is difficult to alleviate and often hidden. Music therapists can engage musically with patients, and listen to the music they create in order to better understand their emotions and how they interact with others. These experiences and emotions can then be made more meaningful through subsequent discussions. Through group work processes members can take care of themselves and develop concern for others. In music therapy feelings can be explored that may be difficult to discuss, and a focus away from preoccupation with self-harm can be provided.
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38

The Moderators Survival Guide Handling Common Tricky And Sticky Situations In User Research. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2013.

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39

Ulbrich, Claudia, and Richard Wittmann, eds. Fashioning the Self in Transcultural Settings. Ergon Verlag, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956507052.

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The current volume developed out of an international workshop of the German Research Foundation's Research Group 530 on "self-narratives in a transcultural perspective" [DFG-Forschergruppe 530 "Selbstzeugnisse in transkultureller Per-spektive"] that was held at the Orient-Institut Istanbul from September 29 until October 2, 2009. The workshop formed part of a long-standing cooperation with the Orient-Institut Istanbul, where research on transcultural self-narratives con-tinues beyond the term of the research group, with the project "Istanbul Memo-ries. Personal narratives of the late Ottoman period" (www.istanbulmemories.org). The stimulating discussions at the Orient-Institut Istanbul centered around the multifaceted interplay between dress and person/personhood in written self-narratives or ego documents. By focusing on "Fashioning the Self in Transcul-tural Settings: The Uses and Significance of Dress in Self-Narratives," we hoped to supplement the existing research on self-narratives with the dimension of ma-terial culture. In the workshop light was shed on the potential of dress to shape identities, to express forms of affiliation or foreignness, as well as on vestimen-tary practices. Were clothes simply purchased to be worn, to possess, and to give away as a gift or in barter trade? During the presentations and discussions it be-came clear that new insights might be gleaned if one widens the focus in self-narratives, beyond material culture to include the consideration of other sources such as trousseau inventories or account books.
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40

Mvula, Peter, and Wapulumuka Mulwafu. Intensification, Crop Diversification, and Gender Relations in Malawi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0007.

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In this chapter a variety of methods were used to collect data to study smallholders in Malawi. The surveys were complemented by a set of qualitative interviews to establish gender dynamics in agriculture and for livelihoods. Key informant interviews were conducted with agricultural personnel in the sampled districts and focus group discussions were held with some farmers. For a bigger picture of the agricultural policies and practices, the study relied on a review of key documents and publications by government and other agencies implementing agricultural programmes in the country. Descriptive statistics demonstrate that a shift from maize and tobacco to Irish potatoes, groundnuts, and soya beans in the areas under study has provided an opportunity for smallholder farmers to diversify and increase production and thus improve their livelihoods. Another noticeable change has been the increased participation of women in the production and marketing of crops.
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41

Adsul, Prajakta, and Purnima Madhivanan. Assessing the Community Context When Implementing Cervical Cancer Screening Programs. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0032.

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This case study demonstrates the use of qualitative, community-based, participatory research to understand the context in which cervical cancer screening programs are implemented in rural India, thereby enabling not just successful implementation but also future sustainability of the program in the community. A series of studies were undertaken to understand the cervical cancer screening program in its current state and provide information for the implementation of future programs. These studies included (1) qualitative interviews with physicians delivering cervical cancer care in the private and public sector, (2) focus group discussions with health workers in primary health care clinics, and (3) photovoice study with women residing in the communities. Study findings helped identify elements of the social and cultural context of rural communities, thereby providing a rich understanding of factors influencing of cervical cancer screening that can be integrated into pre-intervention capacity development in the future.
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42

Breitbart, William S., and Shannon R. Poppito. Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy for Patients with Advanced Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199837250.001.0001.

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The importance of spiritual well-being and the role of "meaning" in moderating depression, hopelessness and desire for death in terminally-ill cancer and AIDS patients has been well-supported by research, and has led many palliative clinicians to focus on the development of non-pharmacologic interventions that can help their patients address these issues. Individual Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (IMCP), an intervention developed and rigorously tested by the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, is a seven-week program based around the work of Viktor Frankl, and which utilizes a mixture of didactics, discussion and experiential exercises that focus around particular themes related to meaning and advanced cancer. Patients are assigned readings and homework that are specific to each session's theme and which are utilized in each session. While the focus of each session is on issues of meaning and purpose in life in the face of advanced cancer and a limited prognosis, elements of support and expression of emotion are inevitable in the context of each group session.
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43

Baron, Alan, John Hassard, Fiona Cheetham, and Sudi Sharifi. Inside the Compassionate Organization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813958.001.0001.

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The literature on management and organization studies suggests the time is right for a focus on ‘care and compassion’. The aim of this book is to answer this call by examining the cultural changes found within a particular ‘compassionate organization’—an English hospice—from its altruistic beginnings to the more professionalized culture of today. The study seeks to understand how its members identify or fail to identify with an organization where issues of life and death take centre stage and explores some of the problems the Hospice faces regarding its representation in society. These strands are then drawn together to consider the interrelationships between culture, identity, and image in the organization. An ethnographic approach—including participant observation, extended interviews, and group meetings—was used to study this organization over a period of almost two years. This enabled the production of a nuanced, sensitive, and holistic interpretation of the case study Hospice as inferred from the views of both insiders and outsiders. The findings shed new light on the literature in management studies by proposing a view of culture as a sense-making context that facilitates group socialization underpinning a sense of personal and organizational identity. The study suggests a link between culture and group identification, making discussions about culture almost inseparable from those around identity. With regard to identity and image, however, the study suggests a dynamic and iterative relationship with a continuous flow between interpretation and reinterpretation influenced by the all-pervading cultural context.
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44

Melé, Domènec. Corporate Social Responsibility Theories. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0003.

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This article follows the study of Garriga and Melé (2004), which distinguishes four groups of corporate social responsibility theories, considering their respective focus on four different aspects of the social reality: economics, politics, social integration, and ethics. The first one focuses on economics. Here the corporation is seen as a mere instrument for wealth creation. The second group focuses on the social power of the corporation and its responsibility in the political arena associated with its power. The third group focuses on social integration. It includes theories which consider that business ought to integrate. In describing each theory, this article commences with an overview, followed by a brief historical background, including the milestones of its development. Then, it outlines the conceptual bases of the theory, concluding with a brief discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of each theory.
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45

Pollack, Harriet, ed. New Essays on Eudora Welty, Class, and Race. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826145.001.0001.

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Responding to work begun in the 2013 collection Eudora Welty, Whiteness, and Race that mined and deciphered the complexity of her responses to the Jim Crow South, the thirteen diverse voices of New Essays on Eudora Welty, Class, and Race deepen, reflect on, and respond to those seminal discussions. These essays freshly consider such topics as Welty’s treatment of African-American signifying in her short stories, and her attention to public street performances interacting with Jim Crow rules in her unpublished photographs. They consider her strategic adaptations of Gothic plots, black pastoral, civil war stories, haunted houses, and film noir. They frame Welty’s work with such subjects as Bob Dylan’s songwriting, the idea and history of the orphan in American, and standup comedy. They compare her handling of whiteness and race to that of other contemporary authors such as William Faulkner, Richard Wright, Toni Morrison, Chester Himes, and Alice Walker. Additionally, several discussions bring her master-work The Golden Apples and her novel Losing Battles, under-represented in the earlier conversation, into new focus. The collection as a whole will help us to understand more clearly Welty’s artistic commentary on her time and place as well as the way her vision developed in a timespan moving America towards increased social awareness. Moreover, as a group, these essays provide insight into Welty as an innovative craftswoman and modernist technician, successfully altering literary form with her frequent pointed makeovers of familiar story patterns, plots, and genres. Together they show her as a remarkable writer idiosyncratically engaging and confidently altering literary history.
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46

Introvigne, Massimo. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842420.003.0001.

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The chapter lists the different uses of the word ‘Brethren’ in modern Protestantism and defines the book’s focus on the group commonly called Exclusive Brethren (particularly, on the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church). The question is not merely linguistic and involves a discussion of two contested categories, ‘evangelicalism’ and ‘fundamentalism’. The two labels are used both for denominations and for groups or trends within denominations. The chapter examines the influential definition of ‘evangelicalism’ proposed by British historian David Bebbington, and concludes that the Exclusive Brethren represent a distinctive and idiosyncratic expression of evangelicalism. They can also be defined as part of ‘fundamentalism’, in a theological sense, although the polemical use of the label ‘fundamentalist’ in recent times has somewhat confused the issue.
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47

van der Hulst, Harry. Asian tongue root systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813576.003.0009.

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This chapter is devoted to tongue root (ATR or RTR) harmony in Tungusic languages (a.o. Classical Manchu) and Mongolian languages (Khalka and Buriat), which all belong the Altaic language group. In addition to TR-harmony, most Tungusic and Mongolian languages also have a limited form of labial harmony, especially among low vowels. After discussing the Tungusic and Mongolian systems the chapter will focus on the behavior of high vowels, which do not participate in labial harmony, and are either transparent or opaque. A notable difference between Tungusic and Mongolic regards the fact that whereas [i] is transparent to labial harmony in Mongolic, it is opaque in Tungusic. High round vowels are opaque in both groups.
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48

Biscan, Benjamin, Sergio Pérez Monforte, Lars Schöbitz, and Anthony Kilbride. SFD Promotion Initiative: Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003218.

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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation conditions, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city”. The production and publication of an SFD report for Cap-Haitien (Haiti) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places along the sanitation chain that need more attention, improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, and describes the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation and; iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.
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49

Madrigal Barquero, Diana, and Sergio Pérez Monforte. SFD Promotion Initative: Canton of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Edited by Lars Schöbitz. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003217.

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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing users and stakeholders with a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation condition, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city.” The production and publication of an SFD report for Alajuela (Costa Rica) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places of the sanitation chain that need more attention, thereby improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, also describing the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation; and iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.
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50

Abbes, Ahmed, and Michel Gros. Representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. Global aspects. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691170282.003.0003.

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This chapter continues the construction and study of the p-adic Simpson correspondence and presents the global aspects of the theory of representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. After fixing the notation and general conventions, the chapter develops preliminaries and then introduces the results and complements on the notion of locally irreducible schemes. It also fixes the logarithmic geometry setting of the constructions and considers a number of results on the Koszul complex. Finally, it develops the formalism of additive categories up to isogeny and describes the inverse systems of a Faltings ringed topos, with a particular focus on the notion of adic modules and the finiteness conditions adapted to this setting. The chapter rounds up the discussion with sections on Higgs–Tate algebras and Dolbeault modules.
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