Dissertations / Theses: 'Focus group discussions'

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Moore, Shelly Smith. "The effects of lateral and vertical heterogeneity on focus group discussions for organizational and learner needs assessment." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063336/.

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Järlind, Anna. "Place Identity and Feeling at Home : A Qualitative Study About Place Identity Amongst Refugees in Umeå, Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105302.

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To feel at home and to find your place identity in a completely different setting than you are used too requires a whole new type of coping with changes. In order to cope, there are different aspects that can help you. Either it be your personality, the physical surroundings or the people that you have by your side. This thesis has had the aim of examining how and why refugees feel at home in the city of Umeå, Sweden. What has been clear is that the interviewed refugees do feel at home in Umeå, this mostly because of social activities with friends and family, not as much because of the physical attributes Umeå has as a city. Place identity, seen from different theoretical perspectives, has been clear in that identity is mostly created in harmony with a place and what the place has to offer socially and not always due to the physical attraction of the place, which has been visible in discussion with the refugees in the study. Instead, place identity for the interviewed individuals has been created through the conceptions, interpretations, ideas and related feelings the individuals have to Umeå.

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Alex, Lena, Anncristine Fjellman-Wiklund, Berit Lundman, Monica Christianson, and Anne Hammarström. "Beyond a Dichotomous View of the Concepts of 'Sex' and 'Gender' Focus Group Discussions among Gender Researchers at a Medical Faculty." Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-63026.

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Introduction: The concepts of 'sex' and 'gender' are both of vital importance in medicine and health sciences. However, the meaning of these concepts has seldom been discussed in the medical literature. The aim of this study was to explore what the concepts of 'sex' and 'gender' meant for gender researchers based in a medical faculty. Methods: Sixteen researchers took part in focus group discussions. The analysis was performed in several steps. The participating researchers read the text and discussed ideas for analysis in national and international workshops. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The authors performed independent preliminary analyses, which were further developed and intensively discussed between the authors. Results: The analysis of meanings of the concepts of 'sex' and 'gender' for gender researchers based in a medical faculty resulted in three categories; "Sex as more than biology", with the subcategories 'sex' is not simply biological, 'sex' as classification, and 'sex' as fluid and changeable; "Gender as a multiplicity of power-related constructions", with the subcategories: 'gender' as constructions, 'gender' power dimensions, and 'gender' as doing femininities and masculinities; "'Sex and gender as interwoven", with the subcategories: 'sex' and 'gender' as inseparable and embodying 'sex' and 'gender'. Conclusions: Gender researchers within medicine pointed out the importance of looking beyond a dichotomous view of the concepts of 'sex' and 'gender'. The perception of the concepts was that 'sex' and 'gender' were intertwined. Further research is needed to explore how 'sex' and 'gender' interact.

Minor Correction: Error in Headings and Error in References (2013-06-25)

In the Results section, under the sub-heading "Sex as More than Biology", the three following headings should all be sub-headings of "Sex as More than Biology":'Sex' is not simply biological, 'Sex' as Classification, and 'Sex' as Fluid and Changeable

There is an error in Reference 9. The following is the correct reference:Christianson M, Alex L, Fjellman Wiklund A, Hammarström A, Lundman B (2012) Sex and gender traps and springboards: A focus group study among gender researchers in medicine and health sciences. Health Care for Women International 33: 739-755.

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Moller, Valerie, Benjamin J. Roberts, and Dalindyebo Zani. "The National Wellbeing Index in the isiXhosa translation: focus group discussions on how South Africans view the quality of their society." Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67135.

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publisher version
The International Wellbeing Index covers two complementary measures, the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National Wellbeing Index (NWI). The focus group study reported here tested the understanding of the NWI when translated into isiXhosa, a language spoken by 6 million South Africans, or 16% of the country’s population. A challenge for the NWI in measuring national well-being is the tendency for meaning to get ‘lost in translation’ in the wording of the instrument, owing to the disparities that exist between levels of living in developed and developing nations. The focussed discussions with native isiXhosa speakers conveyed the different shades of meaning associated with the six domains that make up the NWI. The isiXhosa keywords for the domains of social conditions, the natural environment, national security, and management of the country’s affairs (government) were readily understood, but discussants asked for further clarification of keywords for the domains relating to the economy and business. Conversations showed up the close link between personal and national well-being: discussants drew upon their personal and parochial life experiences along with their knowledge of current affairs to evaluate the nation’s quality of life. They described the social contract between citizens and their government to create a ‘caring society’ that promotes well-being across key domains of national life. Many of the reference standards used to evaluate national well-being were ones postulated to influence personal well-being (Michalos A.C, Social Indicators Research 16(4): 347–413 1985 ). The study also pointed to a potential problem for longitudinal studies if the bipolar satisfaction scale, formerly used to measure the International Wellbeing Index’s PWI and NWI, is changed to a unipolar one. Findings from this pilot study confirm the potential of the NWI as a tool for measuring national well-being cross-culturally.

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Conn, Irene P. "Barriers to Providing Nutrition Education to an Underserved Population: Qualitative Findings from Focus Group Discussions with Advanced Practice Pharmacy Experience Interns at a Charitable Pharmacy." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461083926.

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Jonzon, Robert. "Violence against women in intimate relationships: : Explanations and suggestions for interventions as perceived by health care workers, local leaders and trusted community members in a northern district in Vietnam." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3266.

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Objectives: The objectives of the study was to describe how people who face partner violence against women, either as volunteers or as professionals in their everyday work, explain violence against women in intimate relationships and their suggestions for preventive activities. Methods: Twenty men and twenty women were strategically selected for five focus-group discussions. The interviews were analysed following the procedure for qualitative thematic content analysis. Findings: The study shows that the participants acknowledged violence against women as a multifaceted phenomenon grounded in the interplay betweenindividual, family-related factors and local community and socio-cultural factors. Men’s level of education, ‘social evils’, women challenging gender role expectations and women’s extensive work load were discussed as factors at individual and family level. Poverty in the local community and ‘feudal ideologies’ were referred to as explanatory factors at structural level. The informants suggested two main ways of preventing violence against women; improved gender equality through information, education and communication, and enforcing policies and law. Examples pertaining to different levels of society were given. Conclusions: This study shows that behind all of the explanations to intimate partner violence laid the culturally constructed messages about the proper roles of men and women mirroring gender inequality and women’s power disadvantage. A hesitation to intervene was found among some of the informants, the medical doctors, while all the others were eager to discuss activities but mainly those they were already undertaking and it seems the local level require further support to better handle this problem.

ISBN 91-7997-161-x

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Carlsson, Lars. "Healthcare and patient factors affecting sick leave : From a primary health care perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327290.

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Background: For indeterminate reasons, there have been major variations in sick leave in Sweden, and many physicians have perceived sick leave assignments as burdensome. Aim: To gain more knowledge and understanding, from a perspective of primary health care, about factors in health care and patients that affect sick leave. Thereby help patients in the best way, facilitate the work of physicians and other health professionals involved in the rehabilitation process, and use the health care resources optimally. Methods: This thesis is based on a randomised controlled trial (RCT) in a primary health care centre with participants on short-term sick leave, due to pain and/or mental illness, who received a multidisciplinary assessment. Qualitative focus-group discussions with physicians in primary health care centres. A cohort of women on very long-term sick leave due to pain and/or mental illness, who lost sickness benefits due to a new time limit on sickness insurance, were randomised to multidisciplinary assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), or to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In an extended cohort, including some men on very long-term sick leave due to pain and/or mental illness, the importance of the motivation for return to work (RTW) was investigated. Results. Very early multidisciplinary assessment increased days on sick leave in the first three month period. Physicians at primary health care centres perceived sick leave assignments as burdensome, but clearer rules and cooperation with other professionals have made sick leave assignments less burdensome. TEAM intervention resulted in an increase in working hours per week as well as an increase in work-related engagements, compared to control in the RCT. Motivation for RTW was associated with RTW or increased employability in the rehabilitation of patients Conclusions: Continued studies are needed to find those who are at risk of long-term sick leave, the time when rehabilitation efforts should be started, and the content of rehabilitation. Collaboration in teams facilitates sick leave assignments for physicians at primary care health centres. Motivation for RTW might be a factor of importance for the effect of rehabilitation and needs to be studied further.

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Edstam, AnnaKarin. "Collaboration at a catchment level, a prerequisite for the implementation of the European Community Water Framework Directive?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2509.

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The thesis studies one method, focus group discussions, for public participation in the starting of implementing the European Community Water Framework Directive at a catchment level. Focus group discussions can be used as a method for bringing relevant stakeholder-groups into the discussion and evaluation of different possible solutions to problems of managing local waters in order to lower nutrient emissions and stop eutrophication. Of special interest in the study is the participants’ development of collaboration and collaborative learning in the focus groups. Also of interest is their change in attitudes during the focus group process and their will to participate in similar settings. The thesis assesses the results of three questionnaires responded by focus group participants in a study carried out by the Swedish Water Management Research Programme, VASTRA. The participants represent stakeholders in Rönne å catchment in Skåne, and also the results from ten focus group discussions with the same participants.

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Beyene, Nardos Legesse. "Assessment on the effects of Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA) on poverty reduction in Hawassa, Ethiopia." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6509.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA (DVS)
Formal microfinance institutions have been an important tool in the fight against poverty in developing countries, but their reach for rural people and urban slum poor are limited. Following this, Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) are established as an alternative, informal mechanism for saving and borrowing that do not require external capital or ongoing financial or administrative support from a founding organization or government bodies. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of women participation in VSLA on poverty reduction with a case study in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research methodology, the study tried to focus on examining the effects of VSLAs contribution to economic and social wellbeing of households, and decision makings, and women participation in community activities. The study used 254 samples (127 VSLA participants, and 127 non-participants) and collected data using questionnaire and focus group discussion. The study used propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the impact of women participation in VSLA on average monthly household income, and the result indicated the average effect of women participation in VSLA on average monthly household income of participant women is positive and significant at 5% significant level, ranging from 169.63 Birr/month (nearest neighbor matching) to 141.55 Birr/month (Kernel matching), on average. Besides, comparison between participants and non-participants using hypothesis testing shows that women participation in VSLA has a significant positive association with improvements in household diet, health, children's education, and women’s involvement in household decisions. However, although hypothesized, no significant association is found in relation to women participation in community activities. Findings from the focus group discussions are also consistent with the results from the PSM and hypothesis testing. Following the findings, the study recommends government and nongovernmental organizations to provide regular, timely and need based capacity building trainings for VSLA participants; Link VSLA participants with formal microfinance institutions; conduct regular monitoring and follow ups by either the city or sub-cities Women Children Affairs Department/offices or concerned government body; different concerned stakeholders in the city including government, nongovernmental organizations, microfinance institutions and others need to work in coordinated manner to solve the recurrent challenges of VSLA participants in Hawassa city; and finally government and/or nongovernmental organizations need to take best practices and lessons from existing VSLAs and expand the VSLA initiative to address more impoverished women in the city.

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Garrett, Stephen Thomas. "Professional development for the integration of biotechnology education." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/25966/.

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Views on the nature and relevance of science education have changed significantly over recent decades. This has serious implications for the way in which science is taught in secondary schools, particularly with respect to teaching emerging topics such as biotechnology, which have a socio-scientific dimension and also require novel laboratory skills. It is apparent in current literature that there is a lack of adequate teacher professional development opportunities in biotechnology education and that a significant need exists for researchers to develop a carefully crafted and well supported professional development design which will positively impact on the way in which teachers engage with contemporary science. This study used a retrospective case study methodology to document the recent evolution of modern biotechnology education as part of the changing nature of science education; examine the adoption and implementation processes for biotechnology education by three secondary schools; and to propose an evidence based biotechnology professional development model for science educators. Data were gathered from documents, one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. Analysis of these data has led to the proposal of a biotechnology professional development model which considers all of the key components of science professional development that are outlined in the literature, as well as the additional components which were articulated by the educators studied. This research is timely and pertinent to the needs of contemporary science education because of its recognition of the need for a professional development model in biotechnology education that recognizes and addresses the content knowledge, practical skills, pedagogical knowledge and curriculum management components.

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Giesbert, Lena-Anna. "Microinsurance and risk management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16900.

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Im Zuge der rasanten Verbreitung von Mikrokrediten und Mikrosparprodukten werden seit etwa einem Jahrzehnt auch Mikroversicherungen an einkommensschwache Haushalte in Entwicklungsländern verkauft. Sie stellen für diese Haushalte eine Möglichkeit dar, mit den Folgen von Risiken besser umzugehen und somit ihren Wohlstand zu steigern. Diese Arbeit verwendet quantitative und qualitative Analysemethoden – basierend auf eigenen Haushaltsumfragen und Fokusgruppendiskussionen –, um die Aufnahmebedingungen von Mikroversicherung in Ghana zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erstens, dass über Standarddeterminanten der Versicherungsnachfrage hinaus Faktoren informeller Vertrauensbildung und die subjektive Risikoeinschätzung eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Dies begründet sich in bestehenden Informationsasymmetrien und einer geringen Erfahrung mit dem Versicherungsprodukt und dem Versicherer. Ferner steht die Nutzung von Mikrolebensversicherung in einer sich verstärkenden Beziehung zu der Nutzung anderer formaler Finanzdienstleistungen. Zweitens wird deutlich, dass der Wert (Client Value), den die Zielgruppe in Mikroversicherung sieht, nicht allein auf Kosten- und Nutzenerwägungen basiert. Vielmehr spielen auch emotionale- und soziale Aspekte eine Rolle. Der Kundenwert wird dabei von Faktoren wie (geringen) Finanz- und Versicherungskenntnissen, der Beeinflussung durch die soziale Gruppe und dem Vergleich mit alternativen Risikomanagementstrategien beeinflusst. Drittens bestehen genderspezifische Muster in der Aufnahme von Mikrolebensversicherung, die mit dem Haushaltstyp und regional unterschiedlichen soziokulturellen Bedingungen zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Präferenzen bezüglich Lebensversicherung innerhalb von Haushalten variieren und die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Versicherungskaufs mit wachsender Verhandlungsstärke der Frau zunimmt. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Frauen eine besonders wichtige Zielgruppe für Mikrolebensversicherungen sind.
Microinsurance has been the third financial service – following microcredit and microsavings - to enter emerging financial markets in the developing world. It is widely regarded as a promising innovation that could provide high welfare gains, given that low-income people often lack efficient strategies to manage and cope with risks. This thesis applies quantitative econometric and qualitative methods – based on own household and individual survey data and focus group discussions – to investigate participation patterns and perceived value in micro life insurance in Ghana. The results of this thesis show that household, first, uptake of micro life insurance does not entirely follow the predictions made by standard insurance theories. Informal trust-building mechanisms and subjective risk perceptions turn out to play an important role in the context of information asymmetries and limited experience with formal insurance. Furthermore, there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between micro life insurance and other formal financial services available in the rural and semi-urban study areas in Ghana. Second, the perceived value of microinsurance consists not only of the expected or experienced benefits and costs, but also of quality, emotional and social dimensions. Perceptions of high or low value are driven by large discrepancies between expectations and experiences, clients’ knowledge about insurance, their interaction with peers, and the availability and effectiveness of alternative risk management options. Third, there are gender-specific patterns of market participation between and within households that are intertwined with the household type and regionally varying sociocultural conditions. Spousal preferences on insurance differ and women with a higher bargaining power are more likely to purchase insurance on their own. The results suggest that women are an important target group for the provision of micro life insurance.

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Mohan, Priyanka. "Student perceptions of various hint features while solving coding exercises." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64777.

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Drill and practice systems provide students with an informal learning environment to learn programming languages. In a traditional classroom setting, while feedback is personalized for each individual, it is a time consuming process. These online environments possess the ability to provide instantaneous feedback and can be accessed from any location. However, while these are conveniences, there is still an issue with the quantity and quality of feedback that is provided to each user by the system, and whether it is helpful towards helping them solve the exercise with a large understanding of the concept being tested. In this thesis we investigate how students perceive additional feedback would help them in completing coding exercises in CodeWorkout. We conducted these investigations through user studies, across two focus groups, with Computer Science students from various years. The study was conducted over one semester with a total of seventeen participants. A discussion based frequently asked questions (FAQ) tool, the ability to request a hint during submissions and the option to provide a hint to other users, to encourage active learning, were all options presented to participants during these focus groups. The information gathered though these group discussions formed the basis of our conclusion and implications. The overall feedback on all three tools was both positive and constructive. The idea of having a less traditional FAQ tool, complete anonymity in responses, as well as the ability to vote on hints provided were strong emergent themes through the study. The majority of Participants felt that they would utilize all these tools in some fashion, were they provided, and would find them helpful in completing a coding exercise if they were stuck. Lastly, we conclude with suggestions for potential design and feature options for the system.
Master of Science

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Hedström, Angelica, and Hedberg Maria Sjöström. ""Ja, vi är hela världen bara här" : En studie kring förskolan som normproducerande institution." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28957.

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The aim of this study is to use empirical investigation to collect data and analyze the constructed normative ideas and concepts within the discourse of interculturality. We used the perspective of social constructions as a means of understanding the underlying normative discourses. We used critical white studies to get an alternative understanding on the constructed normative discourses. The investigation was an etnographic study of a preeschool in a multicultural suburb in Stockholm. We used quality methods such as focus groups discussions as the main material for our discourse analysis and did etnographic observations as a complement. The results showed that the preeschool teachers constructed interculturality in the same way as we understand multiculturality and thought the swedish language to be one of the most important elements in their deifinition of interculturality. They constructed the families at the preeschool in a position where they stood in opposition against the families in the inner city of Stockholm, which stands for the normative white majority society

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Lilliehöök, David. "”[…]har gjort en plansch så måste man ju berätta och visa” : - En diskursanalytisk studie av mellanstadieelevers föreställningar och attityder till muntlig framställning i svenskämnet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33474.

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The aim of this study was to take a closer look at attitudes concerning education using oral presentations as the main activity in Swedish language studies in a Swedish secondary school. To accomplish this, the study aimed to answer the following questions: • In what way do four groups of secondary school students talk about oral presentations in Swedish language studies? • Which preconceptions and attitudes to oral presentations do the student express? • Which discourses are actualized in the discussions and how are these constructed? Secondary school pupils were used as a primary source of knowledge here through the use of four semi-structured focus group discussions. Students were asked questions about their understanding of what the essence of oral presentations is, as well as their experiences, feelings and what expectations they felt were placed on them by their teachers. The material shows a discourse composed of a mixture of excitement and fear. The pupils attribute to the creative side to planning presentations and using esthetic or even electronic media to excitement but also express anxiousness regarding the permanence of spoken word and the stress of potentially making a fool of oneself in front of their peers.

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Newman, Andrew. "Discussing causality with families in a family management and therapy integrated service : a qualitative study with focus groups." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3237.

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Objective. Family Therapy (FT) and Family Management (FM) approaches to psychosis have been divided by their understanding of causality. FM holds a biological understanding which has been identified as having negative consequences for the person with psychosis. FT, by exploring family interactions has been criticised for blaming families for causing their relations psychosis. These two approaches have now been integrated, but how causality is discussed in an integrated approach has only now been explored. Design and methods. This qualitative research asked clinicians working in the most established integrated service how they discuss causality. Four focus groups were conducted and a framework approach using thematic analysis was used. Results. Five themes were explored; uncomfortable discussion; constructing a shared understanding; therapeutic style; limiting exploration; and blame. Conclusion. Discussing causality with families was identified as uncomfortable. However, through the development of a therapeutic-relationship three identified tools can be used to construct a shared understanding of causality. The therapeutic style of explorative conversation--based in FT, integrated with the stress-vulnerability model--based in FM, was identified as an important aspect of an integrated model that resolved criticisms levied at each individual approach. Factors that limited exploration were identified as major challenges to causality discussions, but techniques to remedy these problems were also identified. The risk of families feeling blamed/blaming themselves and attempts to avoid/reduce blame made up a dominant theme of the research. The research concludes by challenging the need to avoid/reduce blame, arguing that blame should be openly explored within family interventions.

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Baghazal, Anisa Abdalla. "Factors influencing adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy at a General Hospital in Mombasa, Kenya." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3921_1307087899.

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Sub-Saharan Africa is home to two thirds of the 33 million HIV infected individuals worldwide. In 2007 there were an estimated 1.5 million Kenyans infected with HIV, and 166 000 new infections in 2008. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy [ART] brought new hope to HIV patients. It has transformed a fatal disease to a chronic manageable condition. Kenya has made great strides in ensuring access to ART and by 2009, 308 610 patients in the country were receiving ART - which is the second highest number worldwide. The success of ART requires a sustained adherence rate to medication of more than 95% to prevent viral replication and the development of drug resistant HIV strains. Identifying the factors that influence adherence, is essential for the long-term success of public ART programmes. The current study explored patient, socio-economic, cultural, and religious and health systems factors that influence adherence to ART at the Coast Provincial General Hospital [CPGH] in Mombasa, Kenya.

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Angerud, Jonas. "Skolledares samtal om elever i särskolan : En diskursanalys av det som framkommer i samtal mellan skolledare." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-40570.

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur skolledare samtalar om elever i särskolan och de underliggande frågeställningarna är att undersöka vilka förhållningssätt som framkommer i samtalen kring dessa elever och tillhörande särskoleverksamhet. Metoden som används är fokusgruppsdiskussioner för datainsamling, samt diskursanalys som teori och metod för analys. Totalt deltog åtta stycken skolledare uppdelade på två stycken fokusgrupper. Det insamlade materialet transkriberades och analyserades sedan utifrån en diskursanalytisk metod. Resultatet visar att skolledarna i studien i många fall avsäger sig sin aktörsroll och lägger ansvaret för verksamheten på andra ramfaktorer än sin egen ledarroll. Det visar sig i diskussionerna att respondenterna ofta söker nå någon form av konsensus kring det ämne de diskuterar. De understryker att det finns mycket för den ordinarie skolformen att ta lärdom av från särskolans arbetssätt – främst med tanke på individanpassad undervisning. Det visar sig också tydligt i skolledarnas diskussioner att perspektivet den omsorgsinriktade skolan är överordnat de styrdokument som Skolverket framhåller. Det framkommer också inslag av problematisering och engagemang kring normalitet, delaktighet och mångfald. Det finns även inslag av generalisering av egenskaper hos elever i särskolan i diskussionerna. Skolledarna i studien visar ett starkt engagemang för elever i särskolan, men en slutsats av studien är att de formella kunskaperna inte når upp till samma nivå.
The purpose of this study is to investigate how school leaders talk about students in special schools and the underlying intentions is to examine the attitudes that emerge around these students and the related school activities. The method used is the focus group discussions for data collection and discourse analysis as theory and method for the analysis. A total of eight school leaders divided into two focus groups participated in the study. The collected material was transcribed and then analyzed on the basis of a discourse analytical approach. The results show that school leaders in the study in many cases waives its operator role and puts the responsibility for action in frame factors other than their own leadership. It turns out in the discussions that the respondents often seek to reach some form of consensus on the topic they are discussing. They emphasize that there is much for the ordinary school in learning from the special school, especially regarding individualized teaching. It also shows clearly in the school leaders discussions that the perspective of the care oriented school is dominant to the documents distributed by the Swedish Department of Education. The discussions also reveals elements of problematizing and commitment to the aspects of normality, participation and diversity. There arealso elementsof generalization of thecharacteristics ofstudentsin special schoolsin the discussions. School leaders in the study show a strong involvement regarding pupils in special schools, but a conclusion from the study is that the formal knowledge does not reach the same standards.

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Sjödon, Madelen. "Relevance of the sexual function scale for Swedish occupational therapists and nurses : A qualitative study." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37682.

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Background: For human beings´ sexuality is a core characteristic and in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework sexuality is listed as an activity of daily living (ADL). Still, sexuality related issues are rarely investigated in occupational therapy and nursing. Aim: The aim was to investigate the relevance of the Quality of Sexual Function Scale (QSFS) for occupational therapists and nurses in Sweden. Methodology: Two Qualitative Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with occupational therapists and nurses with 8 participants was done online (March 2021), recorded, transcribed and analysed with a deductive content analysis.Results: The analyses revealed five main categories that described the relevance of the QSFS; outdated wordings, heteronormative per default and definition of sex, an educational tool, needed to refine laws and break taboos and a facilitator to work with sexual health. Overall, an instrument measuring sexual health was desired and well received by the participants, however the QSFS need to be revised to adapt to accurate vocabular and embrace diversity. A revised tool may facilitate to address questions about sexuality, intimacy and expressions that are fundamental aspects of a person’s wellbeing. However, questions about sexuality should be raised by staff as a natural part of their work, without a tool. Conclusion: The QSFS is not an optimized tool to assess the quality of sexual function and needs among patients. The tool requires further development. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on policies and praxis in work-places and health care educations to address patients’ sexual expressions and needs.

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Pillay, Dhanashree. "Geriatric audiology : clients' perspectives of service delivery in an affluent, urban area in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27116.

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Current research in the field of geriatric audiology focuses on the audiological assessment and management. However there is a lack of published work describing the perspectives of the geriatric individuals with a hearing loss regarding the audiological service delivery received. This study aimed to determine the perspectives of the geriatric individuals with a hearing loss in this regard. Convenience sampling was utilised to recruit 50 geriatric individuals who wore hearing aids, in Gauteng. A two phase methodology was employed in this study. Phase one included a questionnaire aimed to determine the geriatric individuals’ perspectives of the audiological assessment and management processes conducted by the audiologist. Phase two, a focus group discussion regarding audiological service delivery, included 7 geriatric individuals who were randomly selected from the 50 geriatric individuals in phase one of the study. Results revealed that geriatric individuals with a hearing loss; perceived the audiological services received as adequate. However the results obtained from the questionnaire indicate that the majority of these geriatric individuals were not provided with a full test battery of assessment and management procedures as required. Therefore South African audiologists need to evaluate the assessment and management procedures used when working with the geriatric population. AFRIKAANS : Resente navorsing in die veld van geriatriese oudiologie fokus hoofsaaklik op oudiologiese evaluering en behandeling. Daar bestaan egter beperkte literatuur wat geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies se persepsies beskryf oor die proses van evaluering en dienslewering. Gevolglik was die doel van hierdie studie om geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies se persepsies aangaande oudiologiese dienste te bepaal. ‘n Twee-fase metodiek is in hierdie studie aangewend. ‘n Vraelys is in fase een gebruik om 50 geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies en wat gepas is met gehoorapparate, se persepsies aangaande oudiologiese dienslewering te bepaal. Sewe geriatriese individue het deelgeneem aan die tweede fase, naamlik ‘n fokusgroepbespreking aangaande oudiologiese dienslewering. Resultate dui daarop dat geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies die oudiologiese dienste wat hulle ontvang het as voldoende ervaar, Die meerderheid van die geriatriese individue het egter aangedui dat ’n.volledige oudiologiese toetsbattery nie tydens die evaluasieproses uitgevoer is nie en toepaslike gehoorapparaatevaluering- en passingsprosedures nie gevolg is nie. Die implikasies hiervan is dat oudioloë werksaam in Suid-Afrika die evaluering- en behandelingsprosedures wat toegepas word vir die geriatriese populasie, voortdurend moet evalueer en aanpas. Copyright
Dissertation (M. Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
unrestricted

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Lujara, Suzan. "Development of E-learning Content and Delivery for Self Learning Environment : Case of Selected Rural Secondary Schools in Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00478.

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The effective use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in devel-oping countries like Tanzania is crucial in order to overcome the challenges that are faced countrywide in many sectors, and to reduce the digital divide and improve the economy. ICT is becoming more and more integrated in societies worldwide, its effects are clearly seen in people’s lives as well as on countries’ economy as it opens doors for new opportunities and change the attitude of people towards learning. Secondary schools in Tanzania are facing many problems which hamper students’ learning. This in turn affects their performance in the National examinations hence reducing the growth of a learned society. This research specifically addresses the prob- lem of lack of learning and teaching materials by using ICT tools for the development and delivery of e-Learning content. The research focused on two secondary schools, namely, the Wali-Ul-Asr Seminary and Kibaha Secondary School as pilot schools in Kibaha district Pwani region. The research used courseware engineering methodology which integrated instructional design and software engineering. The research was also inspired by the concepts of participatory action research, Mode 2 knowledge production and triple helix, which incorporated stakeholders’ participation throughout the research. The main stakeholders are researchers, students, teachers, head teachers, and Ministry of Education and Vocational Training officials. This is an applied type of research addressing a practical problem in society. The out- come is a pilot package of e-Learning material comprised of sample chapters of Mathematics form III at the pilot site. Blended mode of delivery has been considered using Compact Disc/Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory, the Tanzania Secondary Schools e-Learning (TanSS-L) System, a customized Moodle platform and by using face to face learning.

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Kalinga, Ellen. "Development of an Interactive E-learning Management System (e-LMS) for Tanzanian Secondary Schools." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00477.

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e-Learning, defined as the use of information and communications technology (ICT) for supporting the educational process, has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education systems. Tanzanian secondary schools which are geographically and socially isolated face a number of problems, including a way to get learning materials. The impact of these problems is poor performance in National Examinations. This poor performance however is most noted in science and mathematics. The problem in get- ting learning materials can be reduced by employing ICT. This research developed an interactive e-learning management system (e-LMS) to be used by Tanzanian secondary schools. Tanzania Secondary Schools e-Learning (TanSSe-L) system is the name adopted for an interactive e-LMS developed. The re- search is aimed at supporting teaching and learning functions by allowing for the creation and storage of learning materials, making them available, easily accessed and sharable by students from different secondary schools in Tanzania. It is a context- driven research work of knowledge production in a specific context for application. Initially, the research work focused on two selected pilot schools; Kibaha Secondary School and Wali-ul-Asr Girls’ Seminary in Kibaha town, Pwani region. Features of the TanSSe-L system represent the standard form of any secondary school registered by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. The development of the TanSSe-L system made use of software engineering discipline. The research used Unified Modelling Language (UML) and integrated Object-Orient- ed System Analysis and Design (OOSA&D) and Model Driven Architecture (MDA) to address the System Development Life Cycle (SLDC) in a systemic way. UML design class diagram (DCD) is a Platform Independent Model (PIM) that was transformed into a Platform Specific Model (PSM) in MDA for implementation. Implementation made use of open source LMS to help generate a timely solution to TanSSe-L system development. In this specific context, focus group discussion as inspired by action re- search methodology was used. The research evolved into a triple helix process in close cooperation with other stakeholders. Finally, it is considered that replication and mirroring will make learning materials highly available to end-users.

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Abdullah, Teo Siti Noor Naasirah Syahiirah. "Young people's relation to academic study : a theoretical and empirical study of sixth form students to inform student-centred teaching in Brunei Darussalam." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687340.

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Whilst there are numerous studies on young people’s engagement in academic study, the internal relationship between young people and academic study is still unclear. This thesis seeks to explain the relation of young people to their academic study, in the context of Brunei Darussalam, through analysing young people’s motive hierarchy. The research is based on the understanding that young people are faced with multiple contradicting demands from the society, which evolve with their developmental age. The contradicting demands generate conflicts for young people as they participate across the different institutional practices in their everyday lives. The research entailed a semi-participatory research approach, which emphasised young people’s lived experiences, from a first-person perspective. Eight (8) young people aged 16-18 years who are studying for their GCE A Level examinations, played roles as both trained Student Researchers, as well as participants in this research. Data were collected from focus group discussions, annotated photo albums (MyAlbum) and a ‘participant self-generated’ questionnaire (MyQuestionnaire). The focus of the data collection was on the young people’s experiences of conflicts with respect to their academic study and the different agendas in their everyday lives. Intermediary tools were developed to focus the data analysis to identify motive-orientations and their relative importance in the construct of the motive hierarchy of a young person. An initial general model of motive hierarchy was developed from this study too. It is a societal demand for young people in late adolescence to be vocational and career oriented. However this study shows the eight (8) young people are also oriented towards other objects, apart from being future oriented. They can still have a dominant motive-orientation towards intimate personal relations, which usually prevails for early adolescence. Two other motive-orientations have also emerged from this study, i.e. the societal value system and self-comfort related. These different motive-orientations of the young people contradict the societal demands and create conflicts for the young people as they participate in and across the practices. These findings are important in informing intervention programmes to improve young people’s engagement in academic study.

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Hanina, Marina. "Les conditions du développement des compétences interculturelles des adolescents immigrants à Sherbrooke." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2048/document.

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Le thème de la présente recherche est l'étude des conditions dans lesquelles se développent les compétences interculturelles des jeunes immigrants en milieu scolaire à Sherbrooke. La problématique met en évidence divers questionnements en lien non seulement avec l’évolution de la société québécoise, mais aussi avec les besoins propres aux systèmes éducatifs et aux contextes dans lesquels évoluent les personnes concernées. Au niveau national et particulièrement au plan institutionnel, ces contextes sont de plus en plus marqués par l’émergence d’expériences interculturelles complexes. Celles-ci constituent des phénomènes dynamiques et en transformation; elles provoquent des sentiments multiples, des comportements spécifiques, des troubles émotionnels, des chocs culturels, etc. Ces phénomènes s’accentuent proportionnellement à l’augmentation du nombre de nouveaux arrivants dans certaines régions. Ainsi, le nombre des jeunes immigrants à Sherbrooke s’accroît sans cesse. Les professionnels du milieu scolaire ne savent plus comment agir de façon adéquate dans une telle situation ; ils déplorent leur propre manque de connaissances et de ressources dans ce domaine, étant donné que l'augmentation de l'immigration vers les petites villes constitue un phénomène relativement nouveau au Canada. Ce phénomène demeure largement sous-représenté dans la documentation scientifique. Il est traité de manière parcellaire et peu adaptée aux réalités spécifiques des adolescents évoluant dans une telle région. Il s’agit donc d’un champ conceptuel à redéfinir; son cadre de référence est à rebâtir. Dès lors, il s’avère impératif de mener une analyse fine pour mieux comprendre le processus de développement des compétences interculturelles chez les immigrants, afin de mettre en place des outils efficaces pour une meilleure appropriation des connaissances et des actions pertinentes dans plusieurs sphères culturelles et institutionnelles. Pour cela, nous avons adopté un modèle de référence structurant permettant d’analyser les conditions du développement des compétences vues sous l’angle des facteurs favorables et défavorables, en allant du microsystème au macrosystème. Quatre types de répondants ont été interrogés : les jeunes québécois, les adolescents immigrants et leurs parents, ainsi que les enseignants œuvrant au sein des classes multiethniques, pour obtenir un regard global sur les témoignages des différents acteurs concernés par les expériences d'intégration. A l’issue des analyses, les résultats montrent que les conditions étudiées relèvent de plusieurs facteurs essentiels, qui sont classés selon l’écosystème. On y retrouve principalement les degrés de motivation et d’estime de soi, l’image perçue de l’école (microsystème), les stratégies parentales (mesosystème), la formation et les approches des enseignants (exosystème) ainsi que les lois touchant à l’accueil scolaire (macrosystème). De plus, il faut noter que les jeunes immigrants tendent à s’acculturer plus rapidement et au mieux dans la nouvelle société aussi bien que dans le nouveau collectif scolaire.Dans le présent travail, les concepts traités en rapport avec la notion des compétences interculturelles se trouvent enrichis par des apports multidisciplinaires (psychologie, sciences de l’éducation, sociologie, ainsi qu’anthropologie)
The subject matter of the present research is the analysis of conditions in which immigrant youth develop their cross cultural competences in school milieu in Sherbrooke.Several questions pertaining to changes taking place in Quebec society and the particular needs of Quebec’s educational system, in which the target population evolves, are outlined. Nationally, and particularly on the institutional level, the emergence of complex intercultural trajectories is increasingly taking center-stage. Such experiences represent dynamic evolving phenomena that provoke various feelings, specific behavior patterns, emotional disorders and cultural shocks. They are more clearly identifiable in certain regions where the number of newly arrived immigrants continuously grows. And the immigration in Sherbrooke is in constant evolution. Academic professionals are not sufficiently skilled to adequately perform in this kind of situations. They deplore their lack of knowledge and resources in this area, given that immigration to small towns on this scale is a relatively new phenomenon in Canada.Furthermore, this new phenomenon remains largely unexplored in the scientific domain. This subject is only partially paid attention to and is poorly adapted to the specific realities of immigrant youth being brought up in such regions.The conceptual field and frame of reference appear to have to be entirely reconstructed. To do so, it is necessary to analyze the conditions in which immigrant youth develop their cross-cultural competencies as it would allow us to understand the process of how they are acquired.Such subtle analysis will provide for carrying out tools and techniques to better equip academic professionals with knowledge and skills to help them face their new school realities and act in an appropriate and efficient manner.To address this need, we deployed an analysis pattern, which allowed us to study the evolution of cross-cultural competences by considering positive and negative factors for their development. These factors have been classified in an ecosystem, going from micro-system to macro-system.In the present study four types of respondents were interrogated: Quebecois youth, immigrant youth and their parents and teachers working in multicultural classes. These four respondents’ types were necessary to obtain a comprehensive view of the immigrant situation and their integration. We used focus groups, projective imagination test and face to face interviews.The results of the global analysis have shown that there are several crucial factors which were classified into the ecosystem. The main identified factors are: the degree of self-motivation, self esteem and how the school image is perceived (microsystem), parental strategies (mesosystem), teachers’ academic background and their tutorial approach, as well as policies around “welcome classes” structure (macrosystem). Moreover, we noticed that immigrant youth tend to faster adopt and integrate the culture of the Quebec society as well as merge with the new school community.The present research aimed to study the concepts of cross-cultural competencies has been enriched by the multidisciplinary approach we have applied throughout our analysis (psychology, pedagogy, sociology and anthropology)

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Tendero, Marjorie. "Reconversion et aménagement durable des friches urbaines polluées : élaboration d'une méthode participative d'évaluation et d'aide multicritère à la décision." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE049/document.

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La reconversion des friches urbaines est unepriorité pour préserver les sols. Ce sont souvent des sitespollués ; ce qui engendre de nombreux obstacles pour lesreconvertir. Les bénéfices découlant de la reconversionsont sous-estimés tandis que les coûts sont surestimés parles opérateurs techniques et fonciers. L’impact de lastigmatisation du site amène les riverains à ne pass’approprier les nouveaux usages. Le choix de ces usagespeut être à l'origine de conflits entre les parties prenantes.Cette thèse s'intéresse à la reconversion des frichespolluées en tenant compte à la fois de lamultidimensionnalité des parties prenantes, de leurspréférences, et de leurs perceptions. Nous étudions lesobstacles et les leviers pouvant être mobilisés pourpromouvoir leur reconversion à partir d’une enquête auprès de 76 opérateurs techniques et fonciers dans unepremière partie.Dans la seconde, nous analysonsl’importance des stigmates associés aux friches polluéesauprès des riverains et futurs usagers. Une premièreenquête, menée au niveau national (803 observations)analyse leurs perceptions, représentations et préférencesvis-à-vis de ces sites. Ces dernières sont précisées à l’aided’une expérience à choix discrets (338 observations)administrée sur cinq communes impactées par ce type desite. Dans une troisième partie, nous appliquons unedémarche d’aide multicritère à la décision participativedans le cas d’une friche urbaine polluée. Elle identifie lesprojets les plus consensuels en regroupant l’ensemble desparties prenantes. Ils corresponde
Brownfield redevelopment is a key priority topreserve soils. Brownfields are often contaminated yet.Therefore, it creates numerous obstacles to reuse them.Firstly, brownfields redevelopment’s benefits areunderestimated whereas costs are overestimated bydevelopers. Secondly, brownfields are plagued with thestigma effect. This effect persists even after remediationprocess (e.g., individuals may not use facilities on aformer contaminated brownfield). Thirdly, new uses cancause conflicts between the stakeholders. As such, thisthesis deals with contaminated brownfieldredevelopment taking into account both themultidimensionality of stakeholders, their preferencesand their perceptions. developers. In a first part, we study barriers to brownfieldredevelopment and how to tackle them using a surveyamong 76 French developers.In a second part, weanalyse the importance of the stigma associated withcontaminated brownfields. A first survey (803observations), conducted at national level, investigatesindividuals’ perceptions, representations and preferencesregarding brownfield redevelopment. A second survey(338 observations), conducted among five municipalitiesimpacted by such sites, specifies their preferences usinga discrete choice experiment. In the third part, we applya participatory multicriteria decision aid. It determinesthe most consensual projects in the case of acontaminated site. They correspond to individuals’preferences that were previously analysed

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Van, Hoi Le. "Health for community dwelling older people : trends, inequalities, needs and care in rural Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47467.

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Background InVietnam, the proportion of people aged 60 and above has increased rapidly in recent decades. The majority live in rural areas where socioeconomic status is more disadvantaged than in urban areas.Vietnam’s economic status is improving but disparities in income and living conditions are widening between groups and regions. A consistent and emerging danger of communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable diseases exist concurrently. The emigration of young people and the impact of other socioeconomic changes leave more elderly on their own and with less family support. Introduction of user fees and development of a private sector improve the coverage and quality of health care but increase household health expenditures and inequalities in health care. Life expectancy at birth has increased, but not much is known about changes during old age. There is a lack of evidence, particularly in rural settings, about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people within the context of socioeconomic changes and health-sector reform. Knowledge of long-term elderly care needs in the community and the relevant models are still limited. To provide evidence for developing new policies and models of care, this thesis aimed to assess general health status, health care needs, and perspectives on future health care options for community-dwelling older people. Methods An abridged life table was used to estimate cohort life expectancies at old age from longitudinal data collected by FilaBavi DSS during 1999-2006. This covered 7,668 people aged 60 and above with 43,272 person-years. A 2007 cross-sectional survey was conducted among people aged 60 and over living in 2,240 households that were randomly selected from the FilaBavi DSS. Interviews used a structured questionnaire to assess HRQoL, daily care needs, and willingness to use and to pay for models of care. Participant and household socioeconomic characteristics were extracted from the 2007 DSS re-census. Differences in life expectancy are examined by socioeconomic factors. The EQ-5D index is calculated based on the time trade-off tariff. Distributions of study subjects by study variables are described with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate analyses are performed to identify socioeconomic determinants of HRQoL, need of support, ADL index, and willingness to use and pay for models of care. In addition, four focus group discussions with the elderly, their household members, and community association representatives were conducted to explore perspectives on the use of services by applying content analysis. Results Life expectancy at age 60 increased by approximately one year from 1999-2002 to 2003-2006, but tended to decrease in the most vulnerable groups. There is a wide gap in life expectancy by poverty status and living arrangement. The sex gap in life expectancy is consistent across all socioeconomic groups and is wider among the more disadvantaged populations. The EQ-5D index at old age is 0.876. Younger age groups, position as household head, working, literacy, and belonging to better wealth quintiles are determinants of higher HRQoL. Ageing has a primary influence on HRQoL that is mainly due to reduction in physical (rather than mental) functions. Being a household head and working at old age are advantageous for attaining better HRQoL in physical rather than psychological terms. Economic conditions affect HRQoL through sensory rather than physical functions. Long-term living conditions are more likely to affect HRQoL than short-term economic conditions. Dependence in instrumental or intellectual activities of daily living (ADLs) is more common than in basic ADLs. People who need complete help are fewer than those who need some help in almost all ADLs. Over two-fifths of people who needed help received enough support in all ADL dimensions. Children and grand-children are confirmed to be the main caregivers. Presence of chronic illness, age groups, sex, educational level, marital status, household membership, working status, household size, living arrangement, residential area, household wealth, and poverty status are determinants of the need for care. Use of mobile teams is the most requested service; the fewest respondents intend to use a nursing centre. Households expect to use services for their elderly to a greater extent than did the elderly themselves. Willingness to use services decreases when potential fees increase. The proportion of respondents who require free services is 2 to 3 times higher than those willing to pay full cost. Households are willing to pay more for day care and nursing centres than are the elderly. The elderly are more willing to pay for mobile teams than are their households. ADL index, age group, sex, literacy, marital status, living arrangement, head of household status, living area, working status, poverty and household wealth are factors related to willingness to use services. Conclusions There is a trend of increasing life expectancy at older ages in ruralVietnam. Inequalities in life expectancy exist between socioeconomic groups. HRQoL at old age is at a high level, but varies substantially according to socioeconomic factors. An unmet need of daily care for older people remains. Family is the main source of support for care. Need for care is in more demand among disadvantaged groups. Development of a social network for community-based long-term elderly care is needed. The network should focus on instrumental and intellectual ADLs rather than basic ADLs. Home-based care is more essential than institutionalized care. Community-based elderly care will be used and partly paid for if it is provided by the government or associations. The determinants of elderly health and care needs should be addressed by appropriate social and health policies with greater targeting of the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. Building capacity for health professionals and informal caregivers, as well as support for the most vulnerable elderly groups, is essential for providing and assessing the services.
Aging and Living Conditions Program
Vietnam-Sweden Collaborative Program in Health, SIDA/Sarec

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Sailer, Mary Ellen. "Decision-making processes of student affairs professionals: An analysis of ethical considerations identified through focus group discussions." 1990. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9100537.

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This study uses focus group discussions as a means for understanding the role of ethics in the decision making processes of student affairs professionals. A second purpose of the study is to consider the method of the focus group discussion itself as a means to enable dialogue and conversation among student affairs professionals about ethical issues. The problem is explored through four research questions: (1) Do ethical considerations enter into the decision making processes utilized by student affairs professionals? (2) How do actual decision making processes as described by the student affairs professionals relate to prescriptions for ethical decision making in the literature? (3) To what extent is an ethic of caring exhibited? (4) Does the focus group forum itself contribute to developing a campus environment which promotes dialogue on ethical decision making? In this study, 26 staff at the University of Southern Maine participated in three focus group discussions. The participants were grouped according to position level: entry-level, mid-level, and director level. The discussion topics designed for the moderator's outline included two hypothetical case situations, as well as opportunities to discuss real work situations. Data were gathered from the transcription of the audio tapes of the discussions, and analyzed in relation to the research questions. Data specific to research question four were also gathered from responses to a follow-up questionnaire administered one month after the focus group interviews. The findings suggest that ethical considerations do enter into the decision making processes of the student affairs staff. The focus group discussions were shown to be a valuable intervention for a campus. The method can help produce an environment which is conducive to dialogue on important matters and in which considerations of ethics are perceived as valuable. Additional findings suggest that organizational considerations are an important part of the decision making processes of the student affairs participants. Regularized focus group discussion among student affairs staff can serve to promote such dialogue in the larger campus community, and therefore is an important step towards the development of an appropriate institutional environment for ethical decision making.

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Nolte, Kerstin. "Large–scale land acquisitions in sub–Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E5A-7.

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LeClair, Cédée-Anne. "Représentations sociales du diabète chez des jeunes francophones en milieu scolaire au Nouveau-Brunswick." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5112.

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La présente étude vise à décrire les représentations sociales que des jeunes francophones en santé au Nouveau-Brunswick ont à l’égard du diabète. Cette étude découle d’un partenariat, initié entre l’Université de Moncton et divers organismes et collèges communautaires du Nouveau-Brunswick, qui ont identifié l’importance d’intervenir auprès des jeunes francophones en milieu scolaire pour prévenir le diabète. La théorie des représentations sociales est le cadre théorique utilisé pour décrire la vision que les jeunes ont du diabète, de son origine et des facteurs associés à sa prévention. À notre connaissance, cette étude est la première à examiner le concept du diabète chez des adolescents non atteints de diabète. Hypothèse principale: étant donné que l’expérience que les adolescents ont du diabète est limitée à leur environnement social et qu’ils ont de la difficulté à définir les concepts de santé et de maladie, ils ne seront pas capables de décrire le diabète en profondeur. Pour ce faire, des groupes de discussion, incluant une technique d’association libre, ont été réalisés, entre novembre et décembre 2005, auprès d’adolescents de 5e, 8e et 10e année recrutés dans quatre écoles francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick (Districts 1 et 11). Les réponses des élèves aux groupes de discussion et à l’association libre ont été classées dans des catégories et sous-catégories (analyse de contenu), et des tests de Khi-deux et de «Fisher» ont permis de déterminer les différences entre les sexes et les niveaux scolaires. Cent-trente adolescents (70 filles et 60 garçons) de 5e (n=44), 8e (n=46) et 10e année (n=40) ont participé à 19 groupes de discussion. Lors de l’activité d’association libre, les catégories les plus fréquemment mentionnées étaient : sucre (cité par 66% des participants), traitement (48%), nature du diabète (45%), nutrition (41%), sang (38%), complications (18%), manifestations physiologiques (11%), obésité (6%) et activité physique (6%). Aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les sexes mais les élèves de 10e année ont cité plus fréquemment les catégories «traitement», «sang» et «obésité». Lors des groupes de discussion, les adolescents ont décrit le diabète comme une maladie (13/19 groupes) reliée au sucre (15/19 groupes) et au sang (13/19 groupes). Cependant, seulement quelques groupes ont discuté en profondeur de la nature du diabète (ex.: rôle de l’insuline et pancréas), des types de diabète (types 1 et 2) et des symptômes et des complications. Ils ont aussi cité ce que les gens atteints de diabète devaient faire pour traiter leur diabète (ex.: manger bien: 18 groupes; se piquer: 17 groupes; prendre des pilules: 5 groupes; et faire de l’activité physique: 5 groupes), mais ils n’ont pas discuté des stratégies à entreprendre pour y arriver. Les représentations de l’origine du diabète incluaient l’hérédité et l’âge (13/19 groupes), l’obésité et l’alimentation (12/19 groupes) et l’activité physique (13/19 groupes). Dans la moitié des groupes, les adolescents ont mentionné se sentir à risque de diabète; les filles plus que les garçons. Treize groupes ont fait référence aux comportements observés chez des diabétiques connus, ce qui démontre l’importance de l’environnement social sur les représentations. Les résultats de cette étude appuient l’hypothèse que les adolescents sont limités dans leur description du diabète en matière de définitions, origines et prévention du diabète. Ces résultats fournissent des pistes de réflexion aux professionnels de la santé pour identifier le contenu et les stratégies que devraient contenir les programmes éducatifs en matière de prévention du diabète chez les jeunes.
The purpose of this study is to describe healthy francophone adolescents’ social representations of diabetes. This study stems from a partnership, initiated between the University of Moncton and various college and community organizations in New Brunswick, which identified the importance of intervening among young francophone students to prevent diabetes. The theory of social representations is the conceptual framework used to describe adolescents’ vision about diabetes, its origin and factors associated with its prevention. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the concept of diabetes among adolescents without diabetes. Principal hypothesis: given that the experience adolescents have with diabetes is limited to their social environment and given that they have difficulty in defining the concepts of health and disease, they will not be able to describe diabetes in an in depth fashion. Focus groups, which included an activity using the Free Association technique, were conducted, between November and December 2005, with adolescents in grade 5, 8 and 10, recruited in four francophone schools in New Brunswick (Districts 1 and 11). Students’ responses, obtained during the focus groups and the Free Association activity, were classified into categories and sub-categories (content analysis); Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests were used to determine differences between sex and grade levels. One hundred and thirty adolescents (70 girls and 60 boys) in grade 5 (n=44), 8 (n=46) and 10 (n=40) participated in 19 focus group discussions. During the Free Association activity, the categories most frequently mentioned were: sugar (cited by 66% of participants), treatment (48%), nature of diabetes (45%), nutrition (41%), blood (38%), complications (18%), physiological manifestations (11%), obesity (6%), and physical activity (6%). No significant differences were observed between boys and girls but students in grade 10 were more likely to cite the categories of ‘treatment’, ‘blood’ and ‘obesity’. During the focus group discussions, adolescents described diabetes as a disease (13/19 groups) related to sugar (15/19 groups) and blood (13/19 groups). However, only a few groups discussed, in detail, the nature of diabetes (e.g.: role of insulin and pancreas), the types of diabetes (type 1 and 2), and the symptoms and complications of diabetes. They also cited what individuals with diabetes should do to treat their disease (e.g.: eat well: 18 groups; have injections: 17 groups; take pills: 5 groups; and be physically active: 5 groups), but they did not discuss the strategies to manage these behaviours. Representations of diabetes related to the origin of the disease included heredity and age (13/19 groups), obesity and nutrition (12/19 groups) and physical activity (13/19 groups). In half of the groups, adolescents mentioned feeling at risk for diabetes; girls more likely than boys. Thirteen groups referred to behaviours which they had observed among diabetics they knew, demonstrating the importance of the social environment in their representations. The results of this study support the hypothesis that adolescents are limited in their description of diabetes with respect to its definition, origins and prevention. These results provide direction for health professionals in identifying the content and strategies that should be included in diabetes prevention programs for youth.

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Powers, Charles B. "The effects of a focus group discussion on elderly worriers." 1994. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2262.

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Ebi, Lawrence Eka. "The impact of the Boko Haram terrorist group on the socio‐economic well‐being and livelihood of the population in North‐Eastern Nigeria." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25139.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-136)
The study focuses on the impact of the Boko Haram Muslim terrorist group on the socioeconomic well‐being and livelihood of the population in the north‐east of Nigeria. To research the social, economic, religious and political impact of attacks leading to the disruption of people in the north‐east who fled their homes for the safety of southern refugee camps, the study relies on three research questions to be answered, namely: Does the Boko Haram terrorist group pose a threat to the socio‐economic well‐being of people in north‐eastern Nigeria? How have Boko Haram terrorist attacks impacted on the livelihood of the population? What is a viable solution or intervention strategy to deal with the impact of and fight against terrorism in Nigeria in particular? The study adopts an in‐depth qualitative methodology. Different related research techniques are used in data collection and analysis. Focus group discussions, in‐depth interviews and documentary sources have different complementary strengths, which are more comprehensive when used together. Questionnaires will guide the discussions with groups of internally displaced people, who are the units of analysis. Data is gathered through snowball sampling of willing, available respondents to understand and explain their personal views and experiences, creating the meanings they have constructed around their disrupted livelihoods and well‐being in refugee camps. An overarching, broad conflict perspective is chosen, related to Dahrendorf’s views on power struggles of dominant interest groups, authority, inequality and marginalisation of opponents, which also includes complementary concepts of religiously inspired fundamentalist theory focusing on indoctrination, dominance, manipulation and marginalisation of interest groups. This broad conflict perspective will investigate the social, economic, political and religious impacts of Boko Haram in Nigeria. The findings indicate that the Boko Haram attacks had a negative effect on the livelihood of citizens and displaced persons in refugee camps, as well as on the social cohesion and development of the north‐eastern Nigerian state. Conflict resolution and intervention strategies will be implemented to curb the violence. Societal transformation is recommended for infrastructural development and job creation to solve poverty and gainfully cater for educated, unemployed youths, now recruited into the ranks of the Boko Haram Muslim sect.
Sociology
M.A. (Sociology)

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Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Christina. "Carbon Finance Schemes in Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B031-9.

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Haith-Cooper, Melanie, T. Stacey, and F. Bailey. "Hospital postnatal discharge and sepsis advice: Perspectives of women and midwifery students." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15633.

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Yes
Background Women are discharged home from hospital increasingly early, but there is little evidence examining the postnatal hospital discharge process and how this may impact on the health of women and babies. In particular, there is little on sepsis prevention advice, despite it being the biggest direct cause of maternal mortality. Aim To explore the perceptions of women and senior student midwives related to the postnatal hospital discharge process and maternal sepsis prevention advice. Methods Three focus group interviews were undertaken, involving 9 senior student midwives and 14 women attending paid or specialist classes for vulnerable migrant women. Findings All participants believed that the postnatal hospital discharge process was inadequate, rushed and inconsistent. Sepsis advice was patchy and the condition underplayed. Conclusions Cost effective, time-efficient and innovative ways to impart vital information are required to support the postnatal hospital discharge process.

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Ojal, Oyier John. "Exploration and categorization of pre-service physics teachers' alternative conceptions in superconductivity and nanotechnology." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25982.

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An exploratory case study research design was followed to explore and categorize 23 pre-service physics teachers’ understanding in the fields of superconductivity and nanotechnology at the Sultan Qaboos University in Oman. To elicit their responses, a five-stage categorical framework analysis was used. The five stages included identification of the thematic framework, familiarization, coding, placing the categories on a chart and finally, interpretation. A conceptual survey test (Conceptual Survey of Superconductivity and Nanotechnology) was administered to the pre-service physics teachers to form four independently homogenous ability focus groups. This was followed by focus group discussions whose data were analyzed to group their conceptions in both the epistemological as well as ontological categories. From the focus group discussions, six categories were considered from previous studies, namely; lateral alternative conceptions, ontological conceptions, naïve physics, Ohm’s p-primes, mixed conceptions and loose ideas. Since this was a pre-instructional study, naïve physics ideas and lateral alternative conceptions were dominant. Naïve physics refers to the untrained student or human perception of various physical phenomena while lateral alternative conception refers the misconceptions individuals have on ideas that may be inconsistent with scientifically acceptable facts. Findings indicate that the pre-service teachers’ conceptions deviated from canonical scientific concepts, are diversified and inconsistent. The knowledge on pre-instructional conceptions will influence the development of evidence-based pedagogy, which is fundamental to the development of an effective physics education curriculum.
Institute for Science and Technology Education (ISTE)
M. Sc. (Physics Education)

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Dumond, Marine. "Les groupes de soutien d’apprentissage en famille (« école à la maison ») : production de normes sociales dans une perspective de gouvernance réflexive de l’éducation." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19468.

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Au Québec, chaque commission scolaire développe sa propre politique d’évaluation de l’«école à la maison» ou AEF (apprentissage en famille). La diversité de ces modalités génère des interactions très diverses entre les parents et les commissions scolaires, laissant certains acteurs insatisfaits de part et d’autre et pouvant compromettre le droit de l’enfant à l’éducation. Notre analyse des situations d’encadrement et de suivi de l’AEF dans le monde révèle plusieurs possibilités de combinaison entre les pouvoirs décisionnels des autorités scolaires, des parents et d’autres acteurs. Parmi ces autres acteurs, il appert que le groupe de soutien, de par sa position intermédiaire et collective, pourrait jouer un rôle régulateur complémentaire et mieux accepté par les autorités scolaires et les parents. Les groupes de soutien d’AEF sont des regroupements locaux et auto-organisés de familles, proposant des activités sociales et d’entraide. Selon la théorie de la gouvernance réflexive, le groupe de soutien peut être considéré comme un lieu d’apprentissage collectif permettant l’émergence de normes sociales régulant les pratiques éducatives des parents. Cette étude vise à décrire les normes sociales établies au sein de groupes de soutien d’AEF québécois et les processus de production normative associés. Les normes sociales collectives implicites et explicites de deux groupes de soutien québécois enregistrés comme organismes sans but lucratif ont été documentées et décrites au moyen d'entrevues de groupe et de documents officiels de chacun de ces organismes. Une analyse de contenu a fait ressortir que les normes sociales collectives explicites formalisent le fonctionnement démocratique des groupes de soutien (modalités de participation des membres), les valeurs prônées (respect d’autrui, ouverture vers les autres) et leurs objectifs sociaux (soutien entre les membres, partage de ressources). Les normes sociales collectives implicites sont les suivantes : 1. Les enfants et les parents-éducateurs doivent socialiser, 2. Le parent-éducateur doit s'engager dans l'éducation des enfants et 3. L'enseignement et l’apprentissage doivent être de qualité et significatifs. Ces normes sociales collectives tendent à rejoindre les normes institutionnelles de l’éducation québécoise, soit la triple mission de l’école québécoise, « instruire, socialiser, qualifier », mais en les dépassant notamment en ce qui a trait à l’importance de l’engagement parental, à l’individualisation de l’enseignement dispensé et à la diversité des possibilités de socialisation. Celles-ci se rapprochent alors davantage des normes juridiques établies par la Loi sur l’instruction publique pour l’AEF: l’enfant doit 1. vivre une expérience éducative et 2. recevoir un enseignement qui soient équivalents à ce qui est vécu et enseigné à l’école, sans nécessairement reproduire la forme scolaire à la maison. Plusieurs processus de construction normative ont été identifiés : par co-construction, par ennoncé et adhésion, par quête partagée et par contact avec des acteurs exterieurs au mouvement d’AEF. Ceci décrit la possibilité d’un apprentissage social et d’une forme d’engagement citoyen des parents-éducateurs à travers ces groupes. Les normes sociales collectives décrites par cette étude et leurs modes de production suggèrent que le groupe de soutien pourrait être un acteur à exploiter davantage dans la gouvernance de l’AEF.
In Quebec, each school board makes its own homeschooling evaluation policy. Those various terms and conditions lead up to a lot of different relationships between homeschooling parents and school agents, leaving some of them unsatisfied, and sometimes, compromising the children’s right to education. Our analysis of homeschooling evaluation policies all around the world shows that parents’ autority, school board’s autority and the autority of a third party could be combined in various ways. Among those third parties, homeschooling support groups, thanks to their collective and intermediary position, could play a complementary role in the homeschooling regulation, with a better acceptance from parents and school agents. Homeschooling support groups are local self-organized groups which gather families for social activities and mutual aid. According to the reflexive governance theory, support groups could be seen as a collective learning place allowing social norms to emerge and regulate parental practices. This study aims to describe social norms currently established in Quebec-based homeschooling support groups and the associated production processes. Explicit and implicit collective social norms of two Quebec-based homeschooling support groups, registered as non-profit organizations, were described using focus groups and offical groups’ documents. Content analysis has showed that collective social explicit norms formalize the democratic mechanism of each group (term and condition of members’ participation), claimed values (respect to and openness toward others) and social goals (mutual support and ressource sharing). Collective social implicit norms were: 1. Children and parents must socialize, 2. Parents must be commited in the child’s education and 3. Teaching and learning must be of quality and meaningfull. Collective social norms seem to be close to institutional norms from Quebec educational school policy, “to provide instruction, to socialize and to provide qualifications”, but they exceed them especialy in matters of parental commitment, which is important, various type of socialization possibilities and individualized instruction. Thus, those norms are closer to the legal framework for homeschooling, in the Public Instruction Act, requiring that a child should 1. receive schooling and 2. benefit from an educational experience which are equivalent to what is provided at school, without necessarily replicating the school form at home. Several norm production processes have been described : co-construction, statement and adherence, shared quest and contact with non-homeschooling persons. It suggests that, through those groups, social learning and citizen commitment of parents are possible. Collective social norms and associated production processes described in this study suggest that homeschooling governance could benefit from using homeschooling support groups as third party in the regulation.

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Ncube, Sitshengisiwe. "Factors that drive children from their homes to the streets : Bulawayo suburban experience." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18758.

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This research study employs explorative and descriptive qualitative research conducted in a naturalistic environment to identify factors that drive children from their homes to the streets of Bulawayo city suburban in Zimbabwe. The research study answers the question: How do children`s experiences drive them from their homes and why do they decide to live on the streets of Bulawayo city centre? Literature search was conducted after data collection to confirm findings. Data collection was conducted at Thuthuka Street Children`s project where an increase in the number of registered street children has been observed. Purposive sample selection of street children was conducted. Selection criteria was based on the participant being registered with Thuthuka Street Children`s Project, for one year being on and off the streets and volunteer to participate. Ethical consideration such as fairness justice and honest were observed. Soundness to establish trustworthiness rather than validity, the following alternative constructs were applied, credibility, transferability, dependability, conformability and authenticity. Focus group discussions using a guide with open-ended questions were conducted to collect data from 12 street children, which was then analysed by coding into themes, notably forms of abuse such as emotional, physical, and sexual and neglect, poverty, deviant behaviour and future plans. Children went onto the streets because they suffered abuse, and/or wanted freedom without parental dominance and to acquire fast riches in the streets. Based on the conclusions, the research makes recommendations from the participants and the researcher to policymakers, non-governmental organisations, parents and social workers, to address this deep-seated problem.
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

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Nyoni, Chamunogwa. "Socio-cultural factors and practices that impede upon behavioural change of Zimbabwean women in an era of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2323.

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Women throughout the world are suffering the brunt of HIV/AIDS. They carry the unenviable tag of being the suffering group who are at risk. Women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS is a subject that has not received adequate attention to date. This empirical study examines the socio-cultural factors and practices that impede upon behavioural change of Zimbabwean women in an era of HIV/AIDS. Firstly, a sample of 1002 women respondents is purposefully drawn from the six major Zimbabwean ethnic groups to participate in this research study. A survey questionnaire is administered to respondents in the age group 18 to 59 years to quantify the levels and magnitude of the HIV/AIDS problem among women. Secondly, fifty in-depth interviews with key informants are conducted to assess the nature of the problem confronting and impeding upon women's quest to attain good reproductive health. Thirdly, six focus group discussions for each of the respective six ethnic groups are conducted with forty-eight mature women to understand broadly the concepts of the study. This study employs a combination of mainly qualitative and some quantitative methods of data collection and analysis, which is called triangulation. Underlying the methodology of this study is an overarching functionalist theoretical perspective, also referring to gender development theory which serves as the basis for data analyses. The main findings of this study include the view that power dynamics, gender roles and cultural practices have impacted negatively on women's quest to attain safe sexual behaviour. The problem of HIV/AIDS remains a complicated and awesome one among Zimbabwe's ethnic groups. For Zimbabwean women the HIV/AIDS problem begins with a total lack of control over sexual lives and behaviour of their husbands especially outside marriage. The women have noted that the majority stay faithful to their husbands and partners according to cultural prescriptions and roles, while their husbands do not comply. Women noted that cultural prescriptions in their various ethnic settings condone male infidelity but expect women to stay faithful to their partners. As a result it is found that women sometimes contract HIV/AIDS straight on their matrimonial beds.
SOCIOLOGY
Thesis (D. Phil. (Sociology))

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Dovie, Benjamin Delali Komla. "Relationship between woody biodiversity and use of non-timber forest products in the Savanna Biome of South Africa." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2026.

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Student Number : 9904953T - PhD thesis - School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science - Faculty of Science
This study seeks to combine the knowledge of science and society to elicit the relationship between the harvesting of woody plant species and the local availability of woody species in South African savannas. Ten villages located in the former communal areas and homelands within three broad vegetation types (i.e., Mixed lowveld bushveld, Eastern thorn bushveld, and Natal lowveld bushveld) were studied. The study, conducted in the framework of the coupled human-environment system poses challenges to both scientists and managers (e.g., setting common goals). Data were collected using modified Whittaker plots (MWP) and focus group discussions (FGD), denoting ecology and society, respectively. There were nine 1000m² MWP plots sampled per village, each having nested 1m², 10m² and 100m² subplots. The FGD involved six groups of local people based on gender and age. The study revealed that the harvesting of woody plant species is a source of local disturbance to woody vegetation. Generally, there were more woody species in locations farther from settlements, having a mean of 41.97 ± 3.9, than for the intermediate (38.27 ± 5.6) and near locations (19.9 ± 4.2) within the 1000m² plots, the result of the reduction in species closer to settlements from higher harvesting levels. The larger sampling plot size of 1000m² of the MWP had the highest diversity, decreasing sequentially to the smallest scale (1m²). The density of the woody species was highest in the intermediate locations (517 ± 80 plants/ha), followed by the far and near, relative to the settlements. The Natal lowveld bushveld broad vegetation type had the highest mean density of trees (573 ± 71 trees/ha) compared to the Mixed lowveld bushveld (366 ± 64 trees/ha) and the Eastern thorn bushveld (312 ± 40 trees/ha). The stem diameters of trees were generally higher in the villages of the Mixed lowveld bushveld than the other two vegetation types. The study reaffirmed that anthropogenic disturbances within savannas impact vegetation and need to be studied concurrently with other disturbance factors (e.g., biotic and abiotic or environmental). The mean total coppice shoots of stumps within the 1000m² plots was relatively higher in the near locations (38.4%), than the far (33.0%) and intermediate (28.7%). This difference in coppicing shows that although near locations were less species rich, which is a result of disturbance, the growth of shoots may nevertheless be greater. Harvesting disturbance will possibly favour the regeneration of some species, as well as the maintenance of biodiversity. Whilst 135 woody species (from a total 191 from 42 plant families) sampled in the field were used by the local people, the community knowledge yielded almost twice as many (267 species, from 69 plant families). The ratio of mean useful woody species to total woody species remained relatively constant at about 1.0:1.1 from the near to far locations around the villages and accompanied by increased woody species diversity with distance from village. The MWP sampling yielded eight broad use categories (i.e., medicinal, wild edible fruits, fuelwood, housing and fencing poles, craft (e.g., carving), cultural, local beverages (e.g., alcohol)), and nine for the FGD (the eight for the MWP plus indigenous furniture). According to the local people, the highest number of species was used for medicine (27.8% of species), followed by fuelwood (19.2%) and wild edible fruits/seeds (19.1%). Over half of the species had multiple uses (i.e., three to eight uses), raising questions of possible threats to their persistence. Useful woody species were not restricted to any particular location or vegetation type. Large sized trees were subjected to even more uses than smaller trees, another source of conservation concern. Fifteen of the woody plant species are presently protected by law in South Africa (e.g., Adansonia digitata, Podocarpus latifolius, Mimusops caffra, Philenoptera violacea), while others are facing various forms of regional threats (e.g., Alberta magna, Catha edulis, Ocotea bullata). There is the need to popularise and make people (both local and outsiders) aware of the state of NTFP species, using local and village level information as an additional criterion for describing conservation threat (e.g., proposed “Locally Brown List” – Chapter 4). The older generation of local people were highly knowledgeable in terms of the woody species used for medicine, craft, fencing and housing poles, the middle aged in beverage making species, and the younger generation in fuelwood species. Overall, older males were highly knowledgeable of the useful species. The generally strong correlation (r = 0.99, p <0.0001) between the cumulative woody species diversity from field and community knowledge suggests the need to integrate data using multi-disciplinary approach and also to manage NTFP species. Although threat reduction assessments (TRA) and monitoring have previously been suggested, the participation of local people, harvesters and users will be crucial in making TRAs effective. In conclusion, the harvesting of NTFPs, and the impacts of the changes in the NTFP species on total diversity in savannas need to be understood in order to move towards a more holistic approach to conserving the woody species that may be at risk of extinction through harvesting. Disturbance criteria that describe harvesting levels should be set to guide research and management protocols. Finally, when discussing NTFPs and the species from which they are harvested, management should aim at incorporating all the factors that affect sustainability, such as land and resource tenure and local participation, the political economy, appropriate production and development cycles.

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Dumoulin, Jeanne. "L’allocation d’antiviraux dans un contexte de pandémie : vérification de critères auprès des professionnels de la santé pour le développement d’un cadre éthique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3627.

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Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer la stratégie d’utilisation de critères de base, d’un point de vue éthique, dans l’allocation d’une quantité limitée d’antiviraux pour une utilisation préventive, lors d’une pandémie. Il est entendu qu’une réserve publique pour la prévention n’est pas présentement en vue. Ainsi un des objectifs de cette recherche est de servir de guide aux personnes ressources en positions décisionnelles, à savoir si l’acquisition d’une telle réserve est justifiée, et dans l’affirmatif, à qui elle serait destinée. La perspective spécifique de deux groupes de professionnels de la santé œuvrant en première ligne est considérée. Le premier groupe est constitué de professionnels provenant des hôpitaux de la région de Toronto qui ont vécu l’expérience du SRAS en 2003. Le second groupe est composé de travailleurs en santé de la région de Montréal qui n’auront pas vécu cette crise sanitaire. Les deux groupes sont analysés ensemble sur leur discours verbal et sur leurs réponses à un questionnaire bâti afin d’évaluer quel poids les participants donnent aux critères proposés.
The goal of this study is to assess the use of criteria as a means of deciding who might be priority recipients of an antiviral stockpile, aimed specifically at prevention, during an influenza pandemic. It is understood that a public antiviral stockpile for prevention is not available at this time. Thus one of the objectives of this research is to provide guidance to decision-makers in terms of feedback from healthcare workers on the issue of whether it is necessary to acquire such a stockpile and, if so, for whom. The specific perspectives of two groups of front-line healthcare workers are considered. One group consists of healthcare workers from Toronto hospitals who have experienced the 2003 SARS outbreak. The other group consists of healthcare workers from hospitals in Montreal who did not experience the SARS outbreak. The two groups analyses are based on verbal comments and their responses to a questionnaire designed to evaluate how participants with different background experiences will view and rank the proposed criteria.

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Chetvertakov, Sergey. "Prospects of cash crop production in CBSR of Russia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3F30-C.

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Treis, Judith Emma. "Spirituelle Bedürfnisse am Lebensende: eine praktisch-theologische Studie zu Patienten mit ambulanter palliativmedizinischer Betreuung." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25923.

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Text in German, with German, English and Southern Sotho summaries
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-153)
Die praktisch-theologische Studie untersucht spirituelle Bedürfnisse von ambulanten Palliativpatienten. Dazu wurden Fokusgruppendiskussionen mit Teams aus der ambulanten Palliativversorgung in Nordhessen durchgeführt und diese nach ihren Erfahrungen und Beobachtungen gefragt. Theoretische Grundlagen zur Spiritualität im Kontext der Palliativversorgung bilden den Rahmen zur Auswertung der empirischen Masterarbeit mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Der Befund zeigt, dass das Erkennen von spirituellen Bedürfnissen bei Patienten die Teammitglieder mehrheitlich vor Herausforderungen stellt und multiple Verunsicherung sowie Probleme im Umgang bestehen. Außerdem prägen persönliche Überzeugungen ihre Wahrnehmung maßgeblich. Die beobachtete Spiritualität ist überwiegend kirchlich geprägt und beruht auf christlichen Elementen wie Gebete, Glauben oder Begleitung durch PfarrerInnen. Teammitglieder sprechen zudem Begegnungen, „Dasein“ und (Kirchen)Musik eine spirituelle Dimension zu. Es gibt auch Patienten, die keine spirituellen Bedürfnisse haben oder derartiges ablehnen. Die Praktische Theologie könnte zukünftig als bedürfnisorientierte Kompetenzgeberin dienen, damit Mitarbeitende aus dem Gesundheitssystem befähigt werden, spirituelle Bedürfnisse ihrer Patienten wahrzunehmen, zu reflektieren und ihnen angemessen zu begegnen.
This practical theological study examined the spiritual needs of outpatient palliative care patients. Focus group discussions were conducted with outpatient palliative care teams. They were asked about their experiences and observations. Theoretical foundations of spirituality and palliative care formed the framework for the evaluation of empirical research by using qualitative content analysis. Findings show that recognition of spiritual needs in patients poses a challenge to the majority of team members, as well as insecurities and problems in dealing with them. The observed spirituality is predominantly ecclesiastical and based on Christian elements such as prayers, faith and accompaniment by pastors. Team members address encounters, "being" and music as spiritual dimensions. There are also patients who have no spiritual needs. In future, practical theology could serve as a needs-based provision of competences, so that employees of health systems can be empowered to perceive, reflect on and adequately respond to the spiritual needs of their patients.
Boithuto jwa thutobomodimo bo tlhatlhobile ditlhokwa tsa semoya tsa balwetse ba tlhokomelo ya malwetse a bofelelo ya kalafo ya balwetse ba kwa ntle. Dipuisano tsa setlhopha tsa tsepamo di ne tsa dirwa ka ditlhopha tsa tlhokomelo ya malwetse a bofelelo a kalafo ya balwetse ba kwa ntle. Ba ne ba bodiwa ka maitemogelo le ditemogo tsa bona. Metheo ya thutobomodimo le tlhokomelo ya malwetse a bofelelo di bopile letlhomeso la tlhotlhwafatso ya patlisiso ya mmatota ka go dirisa tshetshereganyo ya diteng tsa boleng. Dipatlisiso di bontsha fa kamogelo ya ditlhokwa tsa semoya mo balwetseng e tlisa kgwetlho mo bontsing jwa ditokololo tsa setlhopha, ga mmogo le go sa itshepeng go gontsi le mathata a go samagama le tsona. Bosemoya jo bo bonwang bontsi ke jwa sekeresete, mme bo ikaegile ka dielemente tsa Bokeresete jaaka dithapelo, tumelo le tshwaragano le baruti. Ditokololo tsa setlhopha di bua ka ga dikgolagano, "go nna" le mmino jaaka ditekanyo tsa semoya. Gape go na le balwetse ba ba se nang ditlhokwa tsa semoya.
Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
M. Th. (Practical Theology)

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41

Doutrelant, Solène. "Étude discursive de la stigmatisation de la maladie mentale : l'expérience des étudiantes et étudiants universitaires québécois." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24160.

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Depuis le printemps 2019, une campagne de sensibilisation aux enjeux de santé psychologique est déployée sur le campus de l’Université de Montréal. À l’instar de cette campagne, de nombreuses initiatives sont lancées au travers de la province pour enrayer la stigmatisation de la maladie mentale. Ainsi, un nouveau Discours, positif et anti-stigmatisant tente de s’imposer face au Discours stigmatisant ancré dans la société. Par Discours, il faut comprendre un ensemble discursif qui reprend des idéologies et les significations de phénomènes ; celui-ci se matérialise dans les mots et les interactions sociales (discours). On assiste à une mise en tension du sens que l’on donne de la maladie mentale. En s’appuyant sur la théorie de l’étiquetage, ce mémoire a pour objectif de comprendre la tension entre ces deux Discours dans les paroles (le discours) et attitudes des Québécoises et Québécois. La problématique se pose autour des étudiantes et étudiants universitaires du fait de leur tranche d’âge hybride (sortie de l’adolescence et entrée dans l’âge adulte) où la tolérance sociale de la maladie mentale bascule de l’indulgence pour les enfants atteints à une stigmatisation pour les adultes atteints. À cette fin, cette étude a mené des groupes de discussion avec des étudiantes et étudiants d’universités québécoises qui ont vécu une expérience personnelle de la maladie mentale afin de dépeindre leur perception et leur expérience de cette tension discursive dans leurs relations interpersonnelles. Une analyste thématique des transcriptions de ces discussions a été effectuée. Les principaux résultats montrent que pour les participants, il subsiste des traces du Discours stigmatisant dans les paroles des personnes qui les entourent. À des niveaux plus ou moins élevés suivant les personnes de l’entourage, ces traces s’accompagnent d’un éloignement social. Un éloignement qui s’opère en double dynamique et souligne la capacité des personnes souffrant de maladie mentale à interagir dans un nouveau groupe social.
Beginning in the spring of 2019, an awareness campaign on mental health issues has been deployed on the campus of the Université de Montréal. Many similar initiatives have been launched across the province of Quebec that aim to eliminate the stigma of mental illness. Thus, a new, positive and anti-stigmatizing Discourse is challenging the deep-rooted Discourse that stigmatizes mental illness in society. By Discourse, it is necessary to understand a discursive whole that takes up ideologies and the meanings of phenomena; this is materialized in words and social interactions (discourse). There is thus a growing tension inherent to the very meaning of mental illness. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to better understand this tension between these two Discourses in the words and attitudes of Quebecers. The research project focuses on university students because of their hybrid age bracket (leaving adolescence and entering adulthood) where the societal tolerance for mental illness tends to shift from indulgence for children to stigmatization for adults. To this end, focus groups with Quebec university students allowed us to depict their perception of this discursive tension in their interpersonal relationships. The discussion transcripts were thematically analyzed. The main results show the emergence of a dissonant discourse, which mixes stigmatizing and anti-stigmatizing Discourse, and the persistence of stigmatizing Discourse held by people who are socially distant from the sick person. These findings formed the basis of a relational model of how participants experienced the stigma of their mental illness, providing a new perspective on the theory of labelling and stigmatization.

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Davis, Heather. "Testing the application of a community resilience assessment: a case study of the Town of Huntsville, Ontario." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6424.

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This research explored the application of a resilience assessment (RA) template in an Ontario community to facilitate sustainable community planning. Research and application of sustainable community planning that incorporates management of social and ecological resilience is relatively young territory that requires improved understanding and extension. The research goals were to critically examine the performance of the process used to perform the RA. This inquiry was considered a knowledge-generating evaluation that combined applied research and evaluation research to contribute to theoretical understanding and action. The RA template was field-tested using a single in-depth case study - the Town of Huntsville, Ontario. A mixture of qualitative methods was used to pilot and evaluate the RA, including: key informant interviews, online group discussions, focus groups, and secondary literature review. The process used to perform the RA was evaluated against four criteria that focused on the adequacy of data collection, participant diversity, participant empowerment, and utility for other communities. This research illuminated obstacles and shortcomings within the Resilience Alliance 2010 RA workbook and offered recommendations to improve the utility of the RA for communities and participants. The RA template tested in this thesis could be adapted for application in other communities, including small urban and rural communities and larger municipalities. The RA template would benefit from additional case study research.

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Rodrigue, Claudie. "Caractérisation du syndrome de chevauchement de l’asthme et de la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16302.

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Maladies fréquentes, l’asthme touche 8,4% de la population canadienne âgée de 12 ans et plus et la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) touche de 5 à 15% de la population âgée entre 35 et 79 ans. L’asthme et la MPOC peuvent coexister chez un patient. Ce phénomène appelé syndrome de chevauchement de l’asthme et de la MPOC (ACOS) toucherait environ 10% à 55% des patients MPOC. Afin de mieux caractériser l’ACOS et les effets indésirables des médicaments utilisés pour traiter la MPOC, deux études ont été mises en place. Une première étude réalisée auprès de pneumologues a permis de décrire les méthodes de diagnostic, de traitement et d’évaluation de la maitrise de l’ACOS dans la pratique clinique. Les pneumologues rapportent que le diagnostic devrait être basé sur les caractéristiques cliniques, les tests de fonction pulmonaire et l'intuition clinique du médecin. De plus, un corticostéroïde inhalé en combinaison et un bronchodilatateur inhalé à longue durée d’action devraient être introduits rapidement dans le plan de traitement. La deuxième étude a permis d’évaluer la fréquence des effets indésirables chez les patients MPOC/ACOS traités avec un bronchodilatateur inhalé à longue durée d’action. Cette étude démontre que les effets indésirables sont fréquents chez les patients MPOC/ACOS et que la sécheresse buccale et la gorge sèche sont les plus rapportés. Ces résultats démontrent que la mise en place de lignes directrices pour l’ACOS ainsi qu’une meilleure connaissance du profil de tolérance des bronchodilatateurs inhalés à longue durée d’action seraient bénéfiques pour les patients
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequent in Canada with a prevalence of 8.4% among Canadians aged 12 and over for asthma and a prevalence of 5 to 15% among Canadians aged 35 to 79 years. Asthma and COPD can coexist in a patient and this Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) affects about 10% to 55% of COPD patients. To better understand this syndrome, two studies were designed and conducted. First, focus groups evaluated how pulmonologists diagnose and treat ACOS, and how they assess its control in routine clinical practice. The pulmonologists reported that the diagnosis must be based on clinical characteristics, pulmonary function tests, and clinical intuition. They also agreed that the treatment should target the features of both asthma and COPD. The second study assessed the prevalence of adverse events in COPD/ACOS patients on long-acting inhaled anticholinergics (LAAC) and β2-agonists (LABA) in a real-world setting. This study demonstrates that side effects are common among COPD/ACOS patients. Dry mouth and dry throat were the most reported side effects. These results demonstrate that more explicit guidelines for ACOS and a better understanding of the safety profile of long-acting bronchodilators would be beneficial for patients.

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Van, de Wouwer Pascale Martine. "A sociolinguistic investigation of gender stereotypes in AIDS discourse." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1192.

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This research investigates how the speech community living in Maputo city uses language in relation to HIV/AIDS and studies related stigmas which impede women's access to HIV/AIDS counselling services. My hypothesis is that frequent use of gender stereotypes in AIDS discourse aims at stigmatising women as AIDS propagators, while minimizing male sexual transgressions in the AIDS crisis. Interpretation of primary data collected via focus group discussions and interviews is done with five different approaches that study respectively: social meanings and representations of AIDS embedded in context, the stigmatising process correlating gender stereotypes and discrimination against women, stereotypical speech attitudes and speech mechanism as well as the functions and effects of stereotyping. My conclusion is that deeply rooted gender barriers are to be removed in order to combat the social plague of AIDS and that ethnography of communication offers interesting models for development projects that can initiate behavioural changes through speech.
Linguistics
M.A. (Sociolinguistics)

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Iraka, Timothy Atwine. "An analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implimentation at two Ugandan Universities." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4968.

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Title on printed copy differs slightly from ETD. Title on printed copy: A critical analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at selected Ugandan universities
The main objectives of the study were to analyse the process involved in HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at two selected universities in Uganda. The rationale for the study was to describe the policy development process and to identify how such institutional policies can be planned, operationalised, monitored and evaluated. The study used a qualitative approach which involved key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The selected institutions were Makerere University Kampala (MUK)and Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). The findings show that MUST have a comprehensive HIV/AIDS Institutional Policy (HIP) which followed several stages during policy development. The basic stages identified were policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation and policy evaluation. The findings also show that MUST have a comprehensive implementation plan. In contrast, MUK had no record of the HIV/AIDS institutional policy development process. However, MUK had implemented the policy successfully through the University Hospital and Gender Mainstreaming Division.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

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Mpembele, Chrystelle Kimbembi. "Les mères de la zone de santé de N’Djili, en République Démocratique du Congo, sont-elles satisfaites des soins maternels reçus?" Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24550.

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Contexte La satisfaction du patient est un indicateur de la qualité des soins et un déterminant important de l’utilisation des services maternels. Son évaluation permet d’identifier des aspects qui doivent être renforcés pour accroître la qualité des soins et permettre une meilleure utilisation des services. Il y a une lacune de données en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) sur la satisfaction des femmes à l’égard de la qualité des services maternels. Objectif : explorer la satisfaction des femmes qui fréquentent les services de soins maternels en RDC ainsi que les facteurs associés à leur perception de la qualité des soins reçus. Méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude phénoménologique descriptive et interprétative. Quinze (15) entrevues semi-dirigées et quatre (4) groupes de discussion ont été réalisés avec des femmes sélectionnées selon un échantillonnage intentionnel à variation maximale dans deux hôpitaux de la zone de santé de N’Djili en RDC. L’analyse de contenu des verbatims a été faite à l’aide du logiciel QDA Miner version 5.0.19. Résultats La quasi-totalité des femmes est satisfaite des soins reçus. Les aspects les plus déterminants dans cette satisfaction sont une bonne issue des soins ainsi qu’une bonne perception des compétences, attitude et disponibilité des prestataires. Cependant, la malpropreté des lieux, la négligence dans la prise en charge, la mauvaise gestion de la douleur du travail d’accouchement et les frais imprévus ont été des sources d’insatisfaction des soins. Conclusion Les femmes participantes semblent satisfaites à l’égard des soins maternels, mais cette satisfaction cache de nombreuses failles dans la qualité en termes de prise en charge et des relations interpersonnelles. Les interventions devraient cibler ces aspects pour accroître la qualité des soins maternels.
Context Patient satisfaction is an indicator of quality of care and an important determinant of the use of maternal services. Its evaluation allows the identification of the aspects of healthcare that should be reinforced to increase the quality of care and allow a better use of the services. There is an insufficient data in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) on women satisfaction with maternal services. Objective: explore the satisfaction of women who attend maternity care services in the DRC as well as the factors associated with their perception of the quality of care received. Methods It is a phenomenological descriptive and interpretative study. Fifteen (15) semi-structured interviews and four (4) focus groups were conducted with women selected according to an intentional sampling in two hospitals of N’djili health area in the DRC. The analysis of the content of the verbatim has been done using QDA Miner software version 5.0.19. Results Almost all of the women are satisfied with the care received. The most determining aspects of this satisfaction are the good issue of healthcare as well as a good perception of the skills, attitude and availability of the service providers. However, the environment’s uncleanliness, the personnels’ neglect of care, the bad management of the pain during birth and the unexpected costs were some sources of dissatisfaction with care. Conclusion The participating women showed enough satisfaction with perinatal services, but this satisfaction hides many flaws in the quality in terms of healthcare and interpersonal relationships. The interventions should target these aspects to increase the quality of maternal healthcare.

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Treis, Judith Emma. "Spirituelle Bedurfnisse am Lebensende: Eine praktisch-theologische Studie zu Patienten mit ambulanter palliativmedizinischer Betreuung." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26018.

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Summaries in German, English and Zulu
Text in German
Die praktisch-theologische Studie untersucht spirituelle Bedürfnisse von ambulanten Palliativpatienten. Dazu wurden Fokusgruppendiskussionen mit Teams aus der ambulanten Palliativversorgung in Nordhessen durchgeführt und diese nach ihren Erfahrungen und Beobachtungen gefragt. Theoretische Grundlagen zur Spiritualität im Kontext der Palliativversorgung bilden den Rahmen zur Auswertung der empirischen Masterarbeit mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Der Befund zeigt, dass das Erkennen von spirituellen Bedürfnissen bei Patienten die Teammitglieder mehrheitlich vor Herausforderungen stellt und multiple Verunsicherung sowie Probleme im Umgang bestehen. Außerdem prägen persönliche Überzeugungen ihre Wahrnehmung maßgeblich. Die beobachtete Spiritualität ist überwiegend kirchlich geprägt und beruht auf christlichen Elementen wie Gebete, Glauben oder Begleitung durch PfarrerInnen. Teammitglieder sprechen zudem Begegnungen, „Dasein“ und (Kirchen)Musik eine spirituelle Dimension zu. Es gibt auch Patienten, die keine spirituellen Bedürfnisse haben oder derartiges ablehnen. Die Praktische Theologie könnte zukünftig als bedürfnisorientierte Kompetenzgeberin dienen, damit Mitarbeitende aus dem Gesundheitssystem befähigt werden, spirituelle Bedürfnisse ihrer Patienten wahrzunehmen, zu reflektieren und ihnen angemessen zu begegnen.
This practical theological study examined the spiritual needs of outpatient palliative care patients. Focus group discussions were conducted with outpatient palliative care teams. They were asked about their experiences and observations. Theoretical foundations of spirituality and palliative care formed the framework for the evaluation of empirical research by using qualitative content analysis. Findings show that recognition of spiritual needs in patients poses a challenge to the majority of team members, as well as insecurities and problems in dealing with them. The observed spirituality is predominantly ecclesiastical and based on Christian elements such as prayers, faith and accompaniment by pastors. Team members address encounters, "being" and music as spiritual dimensions. There are also patients who have no spiritual needs. In future, practical theology could serve as a needs-based provision of competences, so that employees of health systems can be empowered to perceive, reflect on and adequately respond to the spiritual needs of their patients.
Boithuto jwa thutobomodimo bo tlhatlhobile ditlhokwa tsa semoya tsa balwetse ba tlhokomelo ya malwetse a bofelelo ya kalafo ya balwetse ba kwa ntle. Dipuisano tsa setlhopha tsa tsepamo di ne tsa dirwa ka ditlhopha tsa tlhokomelo ya malwetse a bofelelo a kalafo ya balwetse ba kwa ntle. Ba ne ba bodiwa ka maitemogelo le ditemogo tsa bona. Metheo ya thutobomodimo le tlhokomelo ya malwetse a bofelelo di bopile letlhomeso la tlhotlhwafatso ya patlisiso ya mmatota ka go dirisa tshetshereganyo ya diteng tsa boleng. Dipatlisiso di bontsha fa kamogelo ya ditlhokwa tsa semoya mo balwetseng e tlisa kgwetlho mo bontsing jwa ditokololo tsa setlhopha, ga mmogo le go sa itshepeng go gontsi le mathata a go samagama le tsona. Bosemoya jo bo bonwang bontsi ke jwa sekeresete, mme bo ikaegile ka dielemente tsa Bokeresete jaaka dithapelo, tumelo le tshwaragano le baruti. Ditokololo tsa setlhopha di bua ka ga dikgolagano, "go nna" le mmino jaaka ditekanyo tsa semoya. Gape go na le balwetse ba ba se nang ditlhokwa tsa semoya. Mo bokamosong, thutobomodimo ya tiriso e ka dira jaaka kabelo e e ikaegileng ka ditlhokwa tsa dikgono, gore bathapi ba dithulaganyo tsa boitekanelo ba maatlafadiwe go lemoga, go supa tshwano le go tsibogela ditlhokwa tsa semoya tsa balwetse ba bona.
Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
M. Th. (Practical Theology)

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Divakarannair, Nandakumar. "Livelihood assets and survival strategies in coastal communities in Kerala, India." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/260.

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Marine fish stocks are under serious threat of depletion due to increasing numbers of resource users with competing interests, resulting in degradation and the decline of fish catch. Using qualitative and quantitative techniques such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, household surveys and remote sensing and GIS, this study addresses: (1) the complex and inter-related nature of resource dependency, (2) the role of assets in determining survival strategies of households in artisanal fishing communities in Ponnani, India, (3) how asset degradation impacts resource-dependent households, (4) how households develop survival strategies, and (5) considers access to social, political, physical, human and financial assets. Information is organized using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) with modifications to suite the local complexities. Results show that households - engaged in diverse activities, including fishing, fish processing/marketing/culture and daily labour - evolved property rights of natural resources over generations. The Pathemari cargo business’s limited knowledge of fisheries compared to artisanal fishers, and the government led modernization resulted in resource degradation. Therefore, artisanal fishers living in coastal wards threatened by intense erosion, abandoned traditional occupations in pursuit of livelihood security. Results from image analysis and derived thematic maps indicate increased erosion of 0.35 sq km shoreline coinciding with government development initiatives. To improve livelihood options, the results indicate that 50% surveyed accessed political assets such as fishers’ cooperatives and only 20% accessed financial assets such as government sponsored schemes and loans. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions revealed many limiting factors of access, specifically marginalization and lack of financial assets: only 6% surveyed could raise enough money to migrate. With changes in technology, from harvesting to processing, gender roles are being radically altered. Women are losing jobs and income. Politically, the study revealed that local participation helped governing bodies prioritize on housing, roads, water and sanitation. Analysis of the information through the modified SLF suggests three strategies to enhance the asset base of coastal poor: strengthening grassroots organizations; transforming state relations; and developing new alternatives to conventional coastal development practice. Finally, the study suggests resource management policies to improve the households’ livelihood options and well-being.

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ODEHNALOVÁ, Barbora. "Filosofie pro děti jako koncepce výuky náboženství a katecheze." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254093.

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This thesis considers two questions, "How children aged 12 to 15 years rethinking of biblical texts? And how can using the Philosophy for Children stimulate thinking about faith of children aged 12 to 15 years?" To answer these questions, I chose the qualitative research, which consisted in various discussions in selected focus groups. This dialogue was guided by the principles of philosophy for children. The theoretical part of my thesis deals with the definition of important concepts, such as religious education, catechesis from the perspective of various documents of the Church and other educational programs, and specifying the key differences between these two concepts, define the structure and principles of philosophy for children, but also the historical development of this program. The practical part deals with the qualitative research in focus groups. This research includes discussion of selected focus groups, where individual statements are encoded and then included in the table of frequencies. According to these tables discussions is evaluated in terms of statements frequencies. Subsequently the content of discussions is also evaluated. The codes are divided into categories from which discussions are evaluated in the final summary with answers to the key questions.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Focus group discussions'

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