Books: 'Focus structures'

1

Hetland, Jorunn, and Valéria Molnár, eds. Structures of Focus and Grammatical Relations. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110949483.

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2

Wedgwood, Daniel. Shifting the focus: From static structures to the dynamics of interpretation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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3

Wedgewood, Daniel. Shifting the focus: From static structures to the dynamics of interpretation. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2006.

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4

Hajičová, Eva. Topic-focus articulation, tripartite structures, and semantic content. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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5

Hajičová, Eva, Barbara H. Partee, and Petr Sgall, eds. Topic-Focus Articulation, Tripartite Structures, and Semantic Content. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9012-9.

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6

Laabs, Rainer. Das Brandenburger Tor: Brennpunkt deutscher Geschichte = Focus of German history : Deutsch-Englisch. Frankfurt/M: Ullstein, 1990.

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7

Davis, Polly. English structure in focus. Cambridge, Mass: Newbury House Publishers, 1987.

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8

Ranzi, Gianluca, ed. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.

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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.

9

Erteschik-Shir, Nomi. The dynamics of focus structure. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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10

Delin, Judy. The focus structure of it-clefts. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Science, 1989.

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11

Dalrymple, Mary. Objects and information structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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12

Harrell, Margaret C. Data collection methods: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2009.

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13

Harrell, Margaret C. Data collection methods: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2009.

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14

Taboada, María Victoria Camacho, Ángel Jiménez-Fernández, Javier Martín-González, and Mariano Reyes-Tejedor. Information structure and agreement. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013.

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15

Breul, Carsten, and Edward Göbbel. Comparative and contrastive studies of information structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2010.

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16

Göbbel, Edward. Syntactic and focus-structural aspects of triadic constructions. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2003.

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17

Leafgren, John. Degrees of explicitness: Information structure and the packaging of Bulgarian subjects and objects. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2002.

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18

Leafgren, John. Degrees of explicitness: Information structure and the packaging of Bulgarian subjects and objects. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2002.

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19

Sudhoff, Stefan. Focus particles in German: Syntax, prosody, and information structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2010.

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20

Sudhoff, Stefan. Focus particles in German: Syntax, prosody, and information structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2010.

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21

Sudhoff, Stefan. Focus particles in German: Syntax, prosody, and information structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2010.

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22

Neeleman, Ad, and Ivona Kučerová. Contrasts and positions in information structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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23

International Conference on Focus in African Languages (2005 Berlin, Germany). The expression of information structure: A documentation of its diversity across Africa. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2010.

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24

Breul, Carsten. Focus structure in generative grammar: An integrated syntactic, semantic, and intonational approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000.

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25

Breul, Carsten. Focus structure in generative grammar: An integrated syntactic, semantic, and intonational approach. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub., 2004.

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26

Casielles-Suarez, Eugenia. The syntax-information structure interface: Evidence from Spanish and English. New York: Routledge, 2004.

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27

Samek-Lodovici, Vieri. The Interaction of Focus, Givenness, and Prosody: A Study of Italian Clause Structure. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.

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28

Gutierrez, Marco A. Perfiles comunicativos en los elementos de la oracion simple: Estudios de gramatica perceptivo-intencional. Iberoamericana: Madrid, 2004.

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29

Jackson, Paul Z. The solutions focus: The simple way to positive change. London: Nicholas Brealey, 2002.

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30

Brown, Gary DeWard. Advanced ANSI COBOL with structured programming: For VS COBOL II andMicrosoft Micro Focus COBOL. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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31

Courtiau, Jean-Pierre. Paris, un siècle de fantasmes architecturaux et de projets fous. Paris: Editions First, 1990.

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32

Brown, Gary DeWard. Advanced ANSI COBOL with structured programming: For VS COBOL II and microsoft micro focus COBOL. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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33

Lambrecht, Knud. Information structure and sentence form: Topic, focus, and the mental representations of discourse referents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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34

Kundu, Amitabh. Demographic transition, employment structure and MDG goals: Focus on child population in urban India. New Delhi: UNICEF, 2010.

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35

Jorunn, Hetland, and Molnár Valéria, eds. Structures of focus and grammatical relations. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 2003.

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36

Rajs, Jake. Manhattan: An Island in Focus. Rizzoli Universe Promotional Books, 2005.

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37

Rajs, Jake. Manhattan: An Island In Focus. Rizzoli International Publications, 2002.

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38

Partee, Barbara Hall, Eva Hajicová, and P. Sgall. Topic-Focus Articulation, Tripartite Structures, and Semantic Content. Springer, 2010.

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39

Chadwick, Mike. Vancouver in Focus: The City's Built Form. Granville Island Publishing, 2006.

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40

Lohnstein, Horst. Verum Focus. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.33.

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This chapter aims to shed light on a phenomenon first described asverum focusby Höhle. He characterizes its semantic effectas emphasizing the expression of truth of a proposition. In German, the phenomenon typically appears in the left periphery of main and embedded clauses. Höhle relates it to a linguistic object VERUM occuring in the syntactic/semantic structure of clauses. After presenting several approaches which make crucial use of VERUM, the concept oftruthand its linguistic realization in clausal structures is discussed. This leads to a perspective that connects verum focus to the part of the sentence that spells out the intention of the sentence meaning: the sentence mood. This line of reasoning intends to promote the view that verum focus can be derived from the systematic interaction of sentence mood with the regular properties of focus assignment.

41

Wedgwood, Daniel. Shifting the Focus, Volume 14: From Static Structures to the Dynamics of Interpretation (Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface) (Current ... in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface). Elsevier Science, 2005.

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42

Wedgwood, Daniel. Shifting the Focus, Volume 14: From Static Structures to the Dynamics of Interpretation (Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface) (Current ... in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface). Elsevier Science, 2005.

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43

Chen, Yiya, Peppina Po-lun Lee, and Haihua Pan. Topic and Focus Marking in Chinese. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.34.

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This chapter reviews how the two important notions of information structure—topic and focus—are encoded in Chinese. It first describes the properties of syntactic constructions (e.g.shi/shi . . . de, lian–dou/ye) and semantic particles (e.g.cai, jiu, dou, and zhi) for focus marking. It then discusses how Chinese, a topic-prominent language, conveys topical information via different structures such as base-generated topics, dangling topics, and moved topics. Finally, it provides an overview of how prosodic structure and prominence cues (e.g. pitch register raising, pitch range expansion, and lengthening) complement and enhance focus and topic marking in a variety of Chinese dialects, and how such prosodic reflexes of information structure are constrained by their characteristic sound structures. Lacunae for the studies of focus and topic in Chinese are also identified as important questions for future research.

44

Baumann, Stefan. Second Occurrence Focus. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.38.

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A ‘Second Occurrence Focus’ (SOF) is the semantic focus of a focus sensitive operator (likeonly) which is contextually given. SOF has been claimed to be phonologically unmarked, which poses a problem for association with focus theories assuming a direct relation between focus and pitch accent. This chapter discusses the main semantic-pragmatic accounts of the SOF challenge but also empirical investigations which found that SOF actuallyismarked by secondary (i.e. non-nuclear) prosodic prominence, providing evidence in favour of association with focus theories. A similar prosodic pattern could be found in semantically and prosodically comparable structures such as cases of implicational bridging. Finally, an outlook on a possible unified approach of the phonological representation of second occurrence expressions is presented which is based on metrical stress.

45

Partee, Barbara Hall, Eva Hajicová, and P. Sgall. Topic-Focus Articulation, Tripartite Structures, and Semantic Content (Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy). Springer, 1999.

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46

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. Polysynthetic Structures of Lowland Amazonia. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.18.

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Lowland Amazonia is the locus of substantial linguistic diversity in terms of genetic affiliation, language structure, and numbers of languages. This chapter will focus on the distribution of types of polysynthetic patterns within Lowland Amazonia, with special attention to the spread, and the types, of noun incorporation. The highest concentration of polysynthetic languages in Amazonia is the region south of the Amazon River, spanning adjacent regions of Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia. Polysynthetic patterns can be reconstructed for the protolanguages of some families, such as Panoan, Harakmbet, and possibly Arawá. Polysynthetic patterns in Arawak family (by far the largest in terms of its geographical spread) are often due to areal diffusion. We will focus on a number of mechanisms for the development of polysynthesis in established linguistic areas, for example the Vaupés River Basin linguistic area, and on a number of established instances of intensive language contact.

47

Kirchman, David L. Elements, biochemicals, and structures of microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0002.

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Microbiologists focus on the basic biochemical make-up of microbes, such as relative amounts of protein, RNA, and DNA in cells, while ecologists and biogeochemists use elemental ratios, most notably, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), to explore biogeochemical processes and to connect up the carbon cycle with the cycle of other elements. Microbial ecologists make use of both types of data and approaches. This chapter combines both and reviews all things, from elements to macromolecular structures, that make up bacteria and other microbes. The most commonly used elemental ratio was discovered by Alfred Redfield who concluded that microbes have a huge impact on the chemistry of the oceans because of the similarity in nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios for organisms and nitrate-to-phosphate ratios in the deep oceans. Although statistically different, the C:N ratios in soil microbes are remarkably similar to the ratios of aquatic microbes. The chapter moves on to discussing the macromolecular composition of bacteria and other microbes. This composition gives insights into the growth state of microbes in nature. Geochemists use specific compounds, “biomarkers”, to trace sources of organic material in ecosystems. The last section of the chapter is a review of extracellular polymers, pili, and flagella, which serve a variety of functions, from propelling microbes around to keeping them stuck in one place.

48

Davis, Polly. English Structure in Focus, Book 2 (English Structure in Focus). 2nd ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1989.

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49

Davis, Polly. English Structure in Focus. Newbury House Publishing, 1998.

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50

Kamberelis, George, and Greg Dimitriadis. Focus Groups: From Structured Interviews to Collective Conversations. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Books on the topic 'Focus structures'

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