Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fodder tree

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Fodder tree'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fodder tree"

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Tamang, Bir Bahadur, Manoj Kumar Shah, Bishnu Dhakal, Pashupati Chaudhary, and Netra Chhetri. "Participatory ranking of fodders in the western hills of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27001.

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Fodder is an important source of feed of the ruminants in Nepal. In the mid hills of Nepal, farmers generally practice integrated farming system that combines crop cultivation with livestock husbandry and agroforestry. Tree fodders are good sources of protein during the forage and green grass scarcity periods especially in dry season. Local communities possess indigenous knowledge for the selection of grasses and tree fodders at different seasons in mid hills of western Nepal. A study was conducted on the perception of farmers with respect to selection of fodder species in eight clusters in Kaski and Lumjung districts that range 900-2000 meter above sea level and receive average precipitation of 2000- 4500mm per annum. During the fodder preference ranking, farmers prepared the inventory of fodders found around the villages and nearby forests and selected top ten most important fodders in terms of their availability, palatability, fodder yield, milk yield and milk fat yield. In total, 23 top ranking fodders species were selected from the eight clusters. These fodder species were also ranked using pairwise ranking and weighted scoring methods and ranking was done on the basis of merit numbers obtained from weighted scores. The analysis revealed Artocarpus lakoocha as best tree fodder followed by Ficus semicordata, Thysanolena maxima and Ficus calvata. Similarly, the calendar of fodders trees for lopping season and the best feeding time was prepared on the basis of farmers’ local knowledge. This study suggests strategies for promotion of locally preferred tree fodder species and supplementing tree fodder with feed in different seasons depending on their availability and local preferences.
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Panthi, Mohan P. "Indigenous Knowledge on Use of Local Fodder Trees in Mid Hills of West Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 28, no. 1-2 (December 2, 2013): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v28i1-2.26239.

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Fodder shortage (quality as well as quantity) has been found through outmid hills of Nepal. The tree fodder is particularly important as a green, nitrogen supplement to poor quality crop residues during the dry season when feeds are scarce. The nutritional values of fodders differ according to species and season therefore farmers prefer different species for different seasons to feed their livestock. The choice or preference of fodder species by farmers reflects their traditional knowledge on nutritional values, palatability, cultivation easiness and seasonal variability of tree fodder in local environment. The paper highlights an indigenous knowledge system that relates to the quality of tree fodder used by farmers in mid hills of Nepal. In total 69 plant species have been recorded as tree fodder and out of them ten best tree fodders have been listed on the basis of preferences and priority by farmers. Information was gathered through a semi structured open questionnaire by interviewing 85 respondents of different age groups of Arghakhanchi district. Though Focus species was the most abundant among tree fodder, Grewia optiva (locally known as 'phorso') was found the most preferable tree fodder species in the study area.
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Paudel, Tulasi Prasad, Devi Prasad Adhikari, and Ram Prasad Ghimire. "Comparison of Feeding Value of Some Popular Tree Fodders for Goats in the Mid-hill Region of Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i4.18401.

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Large numbers of species of tree fodder are being used as green roughage source for goats in several farming systems. A study was carried out at Goat Research Station, Bandipur, Nepal in order to compare the feeding value of commonly used tree fodder leaves in mid-hills of Nepal. Altogether five treatments; tree fodder leaves of Ficus semicordata, Shorea robusta, Ficus glaberrima and Ficus lacor and mixed fodder as the conventional practices of the farmers were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Total of 30 male goats were used for the experiment in five groups, 6 for each treatment. The subsequent experiment was carried out to determine the nutrient digestibility of the tree fodder leaves by using fecal collection method. Nutrient composition, voluntary intake and nutrient digestibility of the fodder leaves and growth performance of goats were monitored. Crude protein (CP), total ash (TA), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicelluloses and cellulose proportion were better for F. glaberrima and F. lacor leaves, whereas the digestibility of those nutrients were better for F. semicordata leaves and moderate for F. glaberrima and S. robusta. Voluntary fodder dry matter intake was highest for F. glaberrima and least for mixed fodders. Growth performance of goats was higher for F. lacor and F. glaberrima than other tree fodder leaves and mixed fodders. The leaves of F. lacor and F. glaberrima had shown better feeding value than the conventional practices of farmers, mixed fodders. The leaves of S. robusta and F. semicordata were observed similar with the mixed fodders for their feeding value.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 442-448
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Charlton, J. F. L., G. B. Douglas, B. J. Wills, and J. E. Prebble. "Farmer experience with tree fodder." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 10 (January 1, 2003): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.10.2003.2989.

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Use of trees for drought feed on New Zealand farms has been practised sporadically for many years, after farmers found that tree prunings were useful as supplementary feed during summer droughts. The Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry (MAF) Sustainable Farming Fund recently funded a farmer-led team to develop the concept of tree fodder use on livestock farms in the southern North Island. Livestock farmers in Hawke's Bay, Rangitikei and Wairarapa who are already using tree fodder were interviewed to generate practical guidelines from their experience. Additional experience from Otago has been included here. Farmers obtain tree fodder by pruning and pollarding soil conservation trees, and by coppicing or grazing livestock on fodder blocks, or by taking advantage of natural leaf fall from poplar trees. The most common practice was pruning willows and poplars originally planted for soil conservation, during summer using a chainsaw. Most farmers found tree fodder feeding a valuable practice and well worthwhile. Over a three-tofour week period, two farmers reported taking 1.5-2 hours per day to feed 1,000 sheep, or cutting five or six trees per day to feed approximately 1,000 ewes. Keywords: tree fodder; poplars; willows; coppicing; pruning.
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Acamovic, T., H. B. Gurung, and C. S. Stewart. "The proximate and flavanol contents of some fodder tree leaves." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023126.

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The cultivation and uses of trees is important and varied in many areas of the world. The benefits include soil improvement and stabilisation, shade for other plants, provision of wood and fodder for ruminant animals.Tree leaves are important sources of micro- and macro-nutrients for ruminants in many parts of the world including Nepal and Portugal especially when other plant fodders are scarce (Topps, 1992). Thus improvements in livestock production may benefit from an increased and/or selective use of tree fodders. The proximate composition and tannin (flavanol) content of plants including tree leaves, considerably influences the nutritive value (Goodchild & McMeniman, 1991; Kumar & Vaithiyanathan, 1990; Longstaff, et al.,1991; Makkar et al 1991).
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Alemie, Dargo Kebede, and Haftay Hailu Gebremedhin. "Availability of Fodder Trees and Shrubs Integrated Into Agricultural Systems in Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p506.

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Tree/shrub based feed resources and feeding systems in Eastern Hararghe are not studied well. Therefore, a study aimed at assessing the availability of fodder trees and shrubs integrated into farming system, available feed resources, and feeding systems was made in two districts of eastern Hararghe zone, Ethiopia. A total of 268 respondents from the two districts, both from lowland and highland agro ecology, were interviewed. Sørensen’s Similarity Index was used to assess species composition in relation to agroecology. The result revealed that about 67.2% of the respondents have not integrated any fodder trees and shrubs into their farmlands whereas only 32.8% of the respondents integrated fodder trees and shrubs into their farmlands. A total of 20 fodder and non-fodder tree species were identified. Regarding tree species composition, only 46% of tree species were found in both districts, whereas about 54% of the tree species were dissimilar between the districts. The feeding system significantly varied with agroecology. Zero grazing system with stall-feeding technique is common in the highland agroecology. However, in the lowland agroecology free grazing on communal grazing area and feeding crop residue are common. Factors like inadequate extension service, lack of planting material and land scarcity has resulted in reduction of farmers’ interest to integrate fodder trees and shrubs into their farming system.
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Shah, Manoj Kumar, Bir Bahadur Tamang, Bishnu Dhakal, Pashupati Chaudhary, Snehi Shrestha, and Netra Chhetri. "Nutritive values of fodders at different seasons and altitudes in Gandaki River Basin of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26051.

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This study aimed to assess the seasonal and ecological variation of chemical and nutritional values of locally preferred fodders in Gandaki River Basin (GRB) areas. The study was conducted in four altitudinal gradients viz. <400m, 400-800m, 800-1200m and 1200–1600m altitude above sea level in different looping seasons: rainy, spring and winter seasons. The most important five species of fodder trees Artocarpus lakoocha, Ficus roxburghii, Thysanolaena maxima, Ficus semicordata and Bauhinia purpurea were selected based on farmers’ preferences in nutritional values. Fodder samples comprised young leaves, old leaves and young twigs that were taken in July, September and December. It was revealed that nutritive value is not very much influenced by altitude but it is strongly influenced by lopping seasons. Among Thysanolaena maxima, Artocarpus lakoocha, Ficus roxburghii and Bauhinia purpurea the cellulose contents were significantly different (p<0.001) with seasons but there was no significant variation with altitudes. Similarly, Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) contents in Thysanolaena maxima, Ficus roxburghii and Bauhinia purpurea were found significantly different with seasons. Ficus roxburghii fodder tree was found significantly different in Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), ADF, Cellulose and Potassium content with seasons. Similarly, fodder tree Bauhinia purpurea was found significant on Dry matter (DM), Crude fibre (CF), NDF, ADF, cellulose, tannin and potassium with seasons. The study hinted how careful planning of species selection and prudent decision in scheduling looping and feeding fodder trees can help improve animal metabolism, health, growth and productivity.
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Dhungana, Sunita, Hari P. Tripathee, Lila Puri, Yajna P. Timilsina, and Krishna P. Devkota. "Nutritional Analysis of Locally Preferred Fodder Trees of Middle Hills of Nepal: A Case Study from Hemja VDC, Kaski District." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (March 8, 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7712.

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The study on nutritional value of locally preferred fodder trees in the farmland of middle hills of Nepal was conducted in Hemja VDC of Kaski district. Primary information on distribution and frequency of fodder trees was obtained through key informants survey, group discussion and observation of the study area. The preference ranking of ten most abundant fodder trees was done on the basis of palatability, propagation easiness, growth rate and competition with agricultural crops. The nutritional value of fodder species was analyzed and compared with the farmers’ preference ranking to examine association among them. The analysis correspond farmers’ preference of fodder tree species to their nutritional values. The study revealed that Ficus subinisa was the dominant fodder tree however, the Artocarpus lakoocha was highly preferred trees for its palatability and nourishing values. Nutritional analysis of ten preferred fodder species with respect to moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and carbohydrate was carried out. The crude protein varied from 15-29%, in which, A. lakoocha to contained the highest amount of crude protein. Similarly, F. lacor contained highest crude fiber (42.07%), and Machilus odoratissima yielded highest amount of carbohydrate (21.92%). Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 39-44 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7712
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Rosales, M., M. Gill, C. D. Wood, and A. W. Speedy. "Associative effects in vitro of mixtures of tropical fodder trees." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x0003250x.

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Previous work in animal nutrition has focused on single foods and assumed additivity during in vitro fermentation. In the tropics, farmers are likely to offer mixtures of foods, including tree fodders, which may not be simply additive in nutritional terms. There is little information about the nutritional interactions between tropical foods. The objective of this research was to test the existence of associative effects of mixtures of tropical fodder tree leaves.
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Olsen, A., and J. F. L. Charlton. "Practical tree fodder experience during drought." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 10 (January 1, 2003): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.10.2003.2987.

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Since the early 1980s willow and poplar trees originally planted for erosion control have been cut and fed to hungry livestock during droughts, with impressive results. This involves shaping trees by cutting them to develop an operating "nest" that enables the farmer to prune regrown branches with greater safety, provided forestry training has been undertaken. More recently, trees have been planted specifically to grow supplementary fodder and some types have performed better than others. The concept is, in our opinion, quite cost-effective and the benefits of growing these trees far outweigh any drawbacks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fodder tree"

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Subba, Desh Bahadur. "Combining local and scientific knowledge about tree fodder evaluation and management in the hills of Nepal." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409188.

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Mataveia, Gracinda Andre. "The use of moringa oleifera and leucaena leucocephala tree leaves to improve smallholder goat production in Mozambique." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77842.

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This study investigated the potential benefit of introducing Moringa oleifera (MO) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves as supplementary feed resource for indigenous goats feeding systems in southern Mozambique. The study started with a description of smallholder goat production systems in three resource-poor districts of Mozambique and subsequently investigated the variation and seasonal fluctuations of natural fodder quality in the Changalane district throughout a year period. Thereafter, the effect of tree forage supplementation on growth and reproductive performance of Landim goats were evaluated by simulating a typical feeding system used in the study area. In study one, a survey was conducted in three villages to collect data on indigenous goats and in smallholder husbandry practices in terms of feeding, health and reproduction management. Information from 45-smallholder goat keepers were recorded using a survey, which was complemented by interviews. Results showed that goats were raised under extensive systems, under free grazing. Tethering was a common management practice, with limited supplementation during the dry season. In general, during the dry season the natural pasture were scarcity and poor in quality and consequently does not sustained the energy and protein requirements of ruminants for maintenance and other functions. In study two, the eight key species that were consumed by the goats (namely Sclerocarya birrea, Spirostachys africana, Dichrostachys cinerea, Flueggea virosa, Acacia nigrescens, Acacia nilotica, Panicum maximum and Morus alba) were collected and analysed. Daily energy intake (4.27 ± 0.17 MJ/kg DM vs 3.71 ± 0.41 MJ/kg DM) and crude protein (CP) intake (92.83 ± 16.05 g DM/head/day vs. 59.38 ± 13.12 g DM/head/day) were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Daily intake of calcium and phosphorus did not show significant seasonal variations and were below the requirements levels for maintenance of a 20 kg bodyweight goat during the dry season and for the pregnant goat during both seasons. These results showed a need to supplement goats with energy, protein and phosphorus for maintenance, growth and reproduction during the dry season. In study three, the impact of supplementation with LL and MO on the growth and reproduction performance of indigenous goats were evaluated. Fifty-six goats were randomly divided into seven groups, with four castrated males and four females in each group. One group was used as the control group (animals grazing on natural veld without any supplementation), while first three groups were fed with LL and the other three groups with MO tree leaves, respectively. Compared to the control group, both treatments had a significant effect, irrespective of the level of supplementation in terms of overall body weight gain and the final body weight of the bucks. All female reproduction parameters measured for the supplemented groups were superior when compared to the control group. Findings of this study suggest the benefit of using LL and MO tree leaves as supplement for Mozambican goats to overcome the adverse effects of seasonal fluctuations in feed quality on their growth and reproductive performance.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
PhD
Unrestricted
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Walker, Keitirele Patricia. "Productivity of four fodder tree species, their nutritional value and potential role in ruminant production in Eastern Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1421.

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Thesis (PhD (Forest and Wood Science))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Sustainable livestock production in semi-arid Botswana could be improved through tree planting on-farm to provide much needed protein and shade. Such action can be encouraged if the growth, productivity, nutritional value of trees and their contribution to mass gain of livestock are known.. A study at Malotwana investigated two indigenous species, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, and two exotic species, Leucaena diversifolia and L. leucocephala, at three spacings in a randomised complete block design replicated five times. The three spacings represented 400, 317 and 241 trees per hectare. The study was conducted over 6.5 years. Indigenous trees were sampled biennially and exotics annually to evaluate crown width, height, stem diameter, stem number and stem volume index. Complete plant harvesting of exotic trees at 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5 years evaluated agroforestry production. Leaves from all four species and pods of exotic species were analysed for chemical composition. Two groups of eight lambs were balanced for mass at selection for an on-farm feeding trial. Browse from exotic trees, comprising a 2:1 ratio of pods to leaves, was fed at 30% as supplement to hay to one group whose mean mass was contrasted with that of the control group fed sorghum bran at 30%. A. galpinii was a promising species, adaptable to planting away from its origin. Its crown width ranged from 5.86 m in high density plots to 6.08 m at low density and was significantly different among stands (p = 0.0406) at 6.5 years. Diameter at breast height (dbh) was significantly different among stands aged 6.5 years (p = 0.0003) and ranged between 10.38 cm at high density to 12.48 cm in low density plots, demonstrating a capacity to provide both shade and poles on-farm. At 4.5 years, F. albida attained a mean height of 4.5 m and 4.5 cm in dbh but suffered 67% mortality during a severe drought. Annual fodder production of 0.647 and 0.996 metric tonnes ha-1 for leaves and pods of L. diversifolia and 1.237 and 1.431 for L. leucocephala was recorded in years of average rainfall. Yields of 0.3 and 0.59 metric tonnes ha-1 were recorded for both species in the driest year. Equally good agroforestry production was obtained from both low and high density stands suggesting that low density plantings, which foster higher plant survival and reduce disease incidence, are best suited to the semi-arid conditions of Botswana. The crude protein of leaves ranged between 16.26 (L. diversifolia) and 25.25% (F. albida). They were highly digestible with more than twice the calcium content livestock require. Crude protein and digestibility measures were significantly different among leaves and varied significantly at different spacings (p<0.0001). Pods of the exotic species contained significantly more protein than the leaves (p<0.0001). Lambs supplemented with browse gained 102.33 g per animal per day while the control group gained 83.95 g. There were significant differences between groups during growth (p<0.05). Growing of A. galpinii, complemented with L. diversifolia and L. leucocephala, can supply short and long term feed, and greatly enhance livestock production while diversifying farm feed sources
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Thapa, Balaram. "Farmers' ecological knowledge about the management and use of farmland tree fodder resources in the mid-hills of eastern Nepal." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/farmers-ecological-knowledge-about-the-management-and-use-of-farmland-tree-fodder-resources-in-the-midhills-of-eastern-nepal(64b21fae-d33d-466a-9a09-3333ff0a0746).html.

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Bakke, Ivonete Alves. "Potencial de acumulação de fitomassa e composição bromatológica da Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret.) na região semi-árida da Paraíba." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2005. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8108.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The characteristics of the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil lead to the development of a forest formation known as Caatinga, composed mostly by xerophytes. The Caatinga forest is fundamental to the economic activities of the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. However, very often, these activities put the ecosystem integrity at risk. Among the most frequent tree species, jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poiret) stands out for its potential for forage production, especially in the dry period of the year, when fodder shortage is in its peak. Its stems may be used for fence construction, or as high caloric power firewood for bakeries and ceramic industries. Its bark can be used as a source of tannins for fur treatment. Bark extraction also brings the extra benefit of reducing the attack of wood-eating fungi and insects and increasing the energetic quality of its firewood. There are many ecological benefits of this species for the semi-arid region. First it plays an important role in the initial phase of recovery of degraded areas, in preparing the environment for the secondary species of the later stages of plant and animal succession in the Caatinga forest. In addition, it helps to protect the soil and produce food for the native fauna. Jurema preta shows a high efficiency in N fixation and nutrient uptake, as it is able to successfully associate to rizobium bacteria and mycorrizal fungi. Due to the described importance of this species for the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, studies were conducted to evaluate its growth rate, forage production and natural regeneration in the semi-arid region of Paraiba. These points are presented in the following chapters.
As características da região semi-árida do nordeste do Brasil favorecem o desenvolvimento de uma formação florestal denominada Caatinga, constituída especialmente por plantas xerófilas. A Caatinga é a base das atividades econômicas da região, e o manejo inadequado da vegetação, muitas vezes, coloca em risco a integridade deste ecossistema. Dentre as espécies arbóreas mais freqüentes da Caatinga, a jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) se destaca pelo seu potencial para produção de forragem, especialmente no período seco do ano, quando se intensifica a escassez de alimentos para os animais. Da madeira da jurema preta podem ser obtidas estacas e lenha de alto poder calorífico, utilizada nos fornos das padarias, olarias e cerâmicas. A sua casca pode ser explorada como fonte de taninos para a curtição de peles, com o benefício extra de diminuir o ataque de fungos e insetos xilófagos nas estacas, além de aumentar a qualidade energética da sua lenha. Os benefícios ecológicos desta espécie para a região vão desde a sua participação nos estágios iniciais de recuperação de áreas degradadas, preparando o ambiente para as espécies dos estágios sucessionais finais do bioma Caatinga, até a proteção do solo e produção de alimentos para a fauna nativa. É uma espécie de alta eficiência na fixação de N2 e absorção de nutrientes, via associação com Rhizobium e fungos micorrízicos. Devido à importância dessa espécie para a região, desenvolveram-se estudos com o objetivo de compreender o comportamento dessa espécie no que se refere ao seu crescimento, produção de forragem e regeneração natural na região semi-árida da Paraíba, os quais são relatados nos próximos capítulos.
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FREIRE, Joelma de Lira. "Deposição,composição química e decomposição de liteira em um bosque de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) , Itambé-PE." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6794.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the deposition, chemical composition, and decomposition of litter in a sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) canopy. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Itambé-IPA. The evaluation of existing and deposited litter was carried through the period of August of 2006 until July of 2007, every 28 days. Twenty squares with 1m² were used, in random points to each evaluation. The nylon bag technique was used for litter decomposition evaluation, incubating the following litter fractions: just-fallen leaves, “aging” leaves already deposited and in the beginning of the mineralization, and branches. The incubation periods were 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, and 256 days, being the same procedure carried through in 2006 and 2007. Treatments were distributed in randomized block design with five replications. Leaf deposition reached the value of 15,167 kg OM/ha, presenting greater deposition in the rainy period. Leaves represented the greater proportion of litter deposited, with average ratio of 87% of predominance in the majority of the evaluations. Branches and leaves presented average nitrogen concentration of 1.4% and 2. 7%, respectively, demonstrating that leaves were the maincontributors of nutrients via litter. The C/N ratio of leaves was below 30, branches presented C/N ratio between 30 and 40, likely favoring the nitrogen immobilization by ground microorganisms. The relationship between litter deposition and litter accumulation in the last month of evaluation was 0.30 indicating that it presented greater accumulation than deposition. In the decomposition assay, branches presented lesser mineralization than leaves both for total biomass and nitrogen, with leaf and branch decomposition varying with the incubation periods. The decomposition of substrata was influenced by the rainfall amount occurred in the evaluation period. In a general way, it was concluded that the litter component is essential in the process of nutrient recycling in a sabiá canopy, however, the mineralization occurs in relatively slow taxes, being this fact relevant in the reduction of nutrient losses by leaching, contributing for the maintenance of this ecosystem.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a deposição, composição química e decomposição de liteira em um bosque de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth). O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Itambé-IPA. A avaliação de liteira existente e depositada foi realizada no período de agosto de 2006 a julho de 2007 a cada 28 dias. Foram utilizados 20 quadrados com 1m2, em pontos aleatórios a cada avaliação. Para avaliação da decomposição de liteira, foram utilizadas bolsas de “nylon”, sendo incubadas as seguintes frações: folhas recém-caídas, folhas senescentes já depositadas e no início da mineralização e ramos. Os tempos de incubação foram 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100 e 256 dias, sendo o mesmo procedimento realizado em 2006 e 2007. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 5 repetições. A deposição de folhas atingiu valor de 15.167 kg MO/ha, tendo maior deposição no período chuvoso. As folhas representaram a maior contribuição na deposição de liteira, com proporção média de 87% predominando na maioria das avaliações. Os ramos e folhas apresentaram teores médios de nitrogênio de 1,4% e 2,7% respectivamente, demonstrando assim que as folhas foram os principais contribuintes de nutrientes da liteira. A relação C/N de folhas ficou abaixo de 30; os ramos apresentaramrelação mais elevada entre 30 e 40, favorecendo assim a imobilização de nitrogênio pelos microorganismos do solo. A relação entre a deposição e o acúmulo de liteira no último mês de avaliação foi de 0,30 indicando assim que houve maior acúmulo do que deposição. No ensaio de decomposição, os ramos apresentaram taxa de mineralização menor que as folhas tanto para biomassa total como para nitrogênio, tendo as decomposições de folhas e ramos variando de acordo com os períodos de incubação. A decomposição dos substratos foi influenciada pela quantidade de chuvas ocorridas ao longo do período de avaliação. De maneira geral, conclui-se que o componente liteira é essencial no processo de reciclagem de nutrientes em um bosque de sabiá, todavia a mineralização ocorre a taxas relativamente lentas, sendo esse fato relevante na redução de perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação, contribuindo para a manutenção desse sistema
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Slotte, Håkan. "Lövtäkt i Sverige och på Åland : metoder och påverkan på landskapet /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5782-3.pdf.

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El, Hassan Suliman Mohammed. "Yeast cultures and multipurpose fodder trees as feed supplements for ruminants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068802.

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The research described in this thesis consists of two components. The objective of the first one was to examine the role of yeast culture, based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a rumen modifier and to examine the viability of yeast cells in the rumen and their mode of action in stimulating fermentation. For this purpose, two in vitro and four in vivo experiments were carried out. In vivo and in vitro experiments were undertaken to examine the viability of yeast cells in the anaerobic environment of the rumen. In vivo, the decline in numbers of viable yeast cells in the rumen of sheep receiving YC was slower than the outflow of Cr-mordanted yeast and PEG. In vitro experiments showed a weak growth under anaerobic conditions. It was concluded that yeast cells could not maintain sustainable growth in the rumen because their multiplication rate was slower than the outflow rate. If a yeast could be selected which grew in the rumen, there would be added beneficial effects on fermentation. In the second component, chemical analysis, in situ, 4 in vitro and one in vivo experiments were carried out to examine the potential nutritive value of multipurpose trees (MPTs) and to detect antinutritive factors or toxic substances. The first experiment aimed to study the chemical composition and degradability of MPTs, Medicago sativa hay (alfalfa) and Eragrostis abyssinica (teff). Chemical analyses showed that MPTs are rich in CP and minerals except phosphorous. The in vitro digestibility and in situ nylon bag technique showed that MPTs are promising protein supplements to low protein, poor quality tropical fodders and agricultural by-products and residues, provided their nutritive value is not limited by antinutritional factors.
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Nguyen, Thi Mui. "Feeding systems for goats based on foliages and whole sugar cane /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009768566&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sverges lantbruksuniversitet, 2001.
Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Based on 4 previously prepared or published papers reprinted here. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rosales, Mauricio. "In vitro assessment of the nutritive value of mixtures of leaves from tropical fodder trees." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cb8e7b8f-fabb-4aed-a5c5-8a58b6c294a6.

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Previous work in animal nutrition has focused on single feeds and assumed additivity in ration systems. In the tropics, farmers are likely to feed mixtures of feeds, including tree fodders, which may not be simply additive in nutritional terms. This study has increased our understanding of the mechanisms that determine the associative effects on the in vitro fermentation of mixtures of fodder tree leaves. Associative effects are governed by a synchronisation in the fermentation rates of the components of the mixture. This is in turn dependent on the fermentability of their chemical constituents. Effects were demonstrated by changes in the fermentation kinetics of gas production curves. The chemical components of fodder tree leaves that affect the fermentation, and the time at which the effect occurs, were identified, using two media of different nitrogen contents. The fermentation of mixtures of pure chemical entities in various combinations was then examined. The greatest associative effects were found when the mixture had components of similar fermentability. It is proposed that associative effects are a function of the synchronisation of fermentation of the different components and was shown to occur at the point when the rate was maximal. With two types of protein (casein and bovine serum albumin (BSA)), utilisation of a protein by rumen microbes was shown to be a function of its fermentability and not of its solubility. This is also influenced by the type of associated carbohydrate. Fodder tree leaves were then combined with different pure chemical entities. Associative effects between fodder tree leaves and carbohydrates were shown to occur and the responses were similar to those obtained with mixtures of pure carbohydrates and proteins. The effect of tannins and phenolic compounds was studied using quebracho tannin as a model, and in five of the tree species. They were shown to affect the fermentability of both carbohydrates and proteins. The effect was greater with carbohydrates of medium to low fermentability. They also reacted with both soluble and insoluble protein. Forages with phenolic compounds showed both positive and negative effects. The effects were possible due to a synchrony or asynchrony in the release of protein. In mixtures of leaves from different species, associative effects were related to their fermentability. Again, this appeared to be the result of the synchronisation of the release of nutrients. Associative effects with fodder tree leaves were of a composite nature and can be both positive and negative. The implications of these findings in relation to in vivo digestion and animal production are discussed. Due to the diversity of fodder trees, there is the potential to develop feeding systems based on mixtures which make better use of available resources. This will also contribute to improved efficiency in the management and use of natural resources, and take advantage of natural plant diversity in the tropics.
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Books on the topic "Fodder tree"

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Turnbull, J. W. Acacia aneura: A desert fodder tree.. Waimanalo,Hawaii: NFTA, 1990.

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Snook, Laurence C. Tagasaste, tree lucerne: High production fodder crop. Shepparton: Night Owl, 1986.

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Leng, R. A. Tree foliage in ruminant nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997.

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M, Amatya S., and Philip M. S, eds. Proceedings of the Third Meeting of Working Group on Fodder Trees, Forest Fodder, and Leaf Litter, Kathmandu, December 18-20, 1989. Kathmandu: Forest Research and Information Centre, Forest Research Division, Dept. of Forest and Plant Research, 1990.

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Nicholson, Mark. Fodder trees for smallholders: A manual for foresters, livestock officers, and extension staff. (Nairobi): FINNIDA, 1992.

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Workshop on Integrated Small Holder Dairy Farming Systems in Peri-Urban Areas with Emphasis on Forages, and Fodder Tree Utilization (1999 Embu, Kenya). Proceedings of the Workshop on Integrated Small Holder Dairy Farming Systems in Peri-Urban Areas with Emphasis on Forages, and Fodder Tree Utilization: Embu, Kenya : 13-17 June, 1999. Edited by Karanja G. M, Sabiiti E. N, Uganda, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [Kampala?: s.n., 2000.

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Paudel, K. C. Results of a fodder tree elimination trial at community managed Kharbari land in the Low Hills of Western Nepal. Pokhara: Lumle Regional Agricultural Research Centre, 1997.

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Khairul, Alam Md. Fodder trees of Bangladesh. Chittagong: Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, 2001.

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Kollmair, Michael. Futterbäume in Nepal: Traditionelles Wissen, Stellenwert in kleinbäuerlichen Betrieben und räumliche Verteilung. Münster: Lit, 1999.

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Mark, Nicholson. Fodder trees for smallholders: A manual for foresters, livestock officers, and extension staff. [Nairobi]: FINNIDA, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fodder tree"

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Torres, F. "Tree-fodder and silvopastoral systems." In Agroforestry Systems in the Tropics, 553–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2565-6_34.

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Lefroy, E. C., P. R. Dann, J. H. Wildin, R. N. Wesley-Smith, and A. A. McGowan. "Trees and shrubs as sources of fodder in Australia." In The Role of Trees in Sustainable Agriculture, 117–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1832-3_5.

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Balehegn, Mulubrhan. "Silvopasture Using Indigenous Fodder Trees and Shrubs: The Underexploited Synergy Between Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Livestock Sector." In Climate Change Management, 493–510. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49520-0_30.

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"2188 fodder tree [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 353. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_4911.

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Kwabena Ayisi, Kingsley, Paulina Bopape-Mabapa, and David Brown. "Agroforestry Trees for Fodder Production in Limpopo Province, South Africa." In Agroforestry - Small Landholder’s Tool for Climate Change Resiliency and Mitigation. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96017.

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Climate change and land degradation, resulting from human-induced pressures on ecosystems are threatening crop productivity, food and feed supply, and food security in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, especially within the socio-economically marginalised communities. A combination of survey and field experimentations were conducted from 2016 to 2018 to assess potential climate-smart farming practices that can assist farmers to adapt to local climate change and variability in the province. Results from the survey revealed that agroforestry system with woody perennial speices which encourages minimum soil disturbance, increase soil cover and increase agrobiodiversity is being promoted in the province as one of the effective avenues to achieve sustainability in farming systems in the midst of global climate change. Moringa oleifera and Acacia karroo (now Vachellia karroo) were identified as potential agroforestry tree species to address feed gaps during dry winter months, based on their good nutritional value, drought hardiness and effective carbon capture for climate change mitigation.
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Gaikwad, U. S., A. B. Pawar, and A. D. Kadlag. "Determining the Nutritional Value of Fodder Tree Leaves and Shrubs of Scarcity Zone of Maharashtra." In New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1, 12–17. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvbs/v1/11199d.

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Rethman, N. F. C., and J. P. Lindeque. "Potential of Fodder Tree Species for the Rehabilitation of a Surface Mine in Mpumulanga, South Africa." In Remediation and Management of Degraded Lands, 97–101. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203740897-9.

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Franzel, S., E. Kiptot, and B. Lukuyu. "Agroforestry: Fodder Trees." In Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 235–43. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52512-3.00023-1.

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Didyk, Nataliya, and Bogdana Ivanytska. "Potential of Some Medicinal and Fodder Crops to Alleviate Soil Sickness in the Old Prunus persica var. Persica (L.) Batsch and Malus domestica Borkh. Tree Monocultures." In Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality, 1–12. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2020.2585-8246.001-012.

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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Raiding the Range." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0008.

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“Home on the Range” evokes a western landscape “where the deer and the antelope play.” But even at the song’s debut in the 1870s, deer and antelope were declining in numbers and cattle grazing was degrading rangelands across the American west. In their natural state, arid North American lands are robust and productive, but they recover exceedingly slowly from heavy grazing. By 1860, more than 3.5 million domesticated grazing animals were trampling arid western soils, causing severe erosion and lowering both water quality and water supplies in a water-poor region. The early start and persistence of grazing over such a long period of time invaded every nook and cranny of the public lands, making livestock grazing the most pervasively damaging human land use across all western ecosystems. Today, grazing affects approximately 260 million acres of publicly owned forest and rangelands, mostly in the 11 western states—about equivalent to the combined area of California, Arizona, and Colorado. Those acres include Pacific Northwest - r and ponderosa forests; Great Basin big sagebrush lands; the richly H oral Sonoran Desert; magni- cent high-desert Joshua tree forests; varied shrub associations in the low-elevation Mojave, Great Basin, Chihuahuan, and other southwestern deserts; and extensive Colorado Plateau pinyon–juniper forests stretching from northern Arizona and New Mexico to southern Colorado and Utah and decorating the arid inland plateaus of Washington, Oregon, and northeastern California. Proponents of public lands grazing argue that cattle have not changed anything. They just replace the immense herds of hooved native herbivores—bison, deer, antelope, and elk—that once dominated western ranges. But in pre-European settlement times, natural forces, including unlimited predators and limited fodder, effectively controlled the native animal populations. Unlike cattle, the herds of deer, antelope, and elk wintered in generally snow-free lowland areas and used much less than their full range each year. And those animals were easier on the land, especially the rivers. Immense bison herds ranged over vast areas, never staying very long on any range. Bison rarely visited the sites of today’s major livestock grazing problems in Great Basin and southwestern deserts, however. On northern ranges, bison obtained winter moisture from eating snow and did not cling to creeks and streams the way cattle do.
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Reports on the topic "Fodder tree"

1

Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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