Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foie – Métabolisme – Maladies'
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Mion, François. "Exploration des fonctions métaboliques hépatiques : intérêts et limites des tests respiratoires utilisant le carbone 13." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T054.
Full textPetit, François Mickael. "Aspects moléculaires des maladies rares du métabolisme hépatique : à propos de la maladie de Crigler-Najjar." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5dcfa87e-f2cb-468d-8a87-767381d67fe9.
Full textCrigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare hepatic disorder due to partial or total deficiency of enzymatic activity of UGT1A1 involved in bilirubin conjugation. The disease manifests itself during the first hours of life by intense and persistent unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Affected children are at high risk to develop brain non-reversible damages (kernicterus) due to bilirubin encephalopathy. Since 1952 and the description of this syndrome by Crigler and Najjar, molecular studies allowed to identify the gene. UGT1A1 gene is located on the terminal part of the chromosome 2 and is composed of 5 exons. Crigler-Najjar syndrome can take two forms: type I with complete and non-inducible enzymatic deficiency and type II with non-complete and inducible enzymatic deficiency. In this work, we have described new mutations responsible for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I or II and we have analysed them in terms of phenotype-genotype correlations. Secondly we have studied two families with non-canonical presentation (first description of paternal isodisomy for chromosome 2, molecular characterisation of a large deletion in UGT1A1 gene), highlighting the importance of familial investigations in this syndrome. In the last part, we have molecularly characterised a founder effect for the mutation c. 1070A>G in the Tunisian population, in whom Crigler-Najjar syndrome is particularly frequent
Dumas, Jean-François. "Métabolisme énergétique mitochondrial dans des situations de perte de poids." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0510.
Full textWeight loss is frequently observed in clinical practice. When weight loss is unwanted (undernutrition, hypercatabolism), whole body oxygen consumption is often increased, which is paradoxical in face of anorexia. Our results show that food restriction induces a decrease in liver mitochondrial respiration and respiratory chain activity, which is proportional to the intensity of the food restriction, and may be mediated by leptin concentrations. Conversely, an increase in liver basal proton leak and an impairment of in vivo oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle are observed in rats treated with dexamethasone, which is a model of acute undernutrition. These changes are likely to impact on resting metabolic rate, while adaptation to food restriction probably limits ROS production
Biran, Marc. "Application de la résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'étude du métabolisme hépatique : métabolisme du glutamate et de la glutamine dans le foie perfusé de rat, développements méthodologiques pour la SRM clinique." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28279.
Full textThe first part of this work concerns the study of the metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine in the isolated and perfused rat liver. The results are obtained by using 13C enriched substrates, coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance detection. Thus, we have shown the existence of two glutamate pools, one in the periportal zone and the second in the perivenous zone. The quantification of these pools can be peformed by 13C specific enrichments determination. In the same way, biochemical assays on cellular extracts and excreted perfusate have specified the role of glutamate, glutamine and urea in the ammonium ions detoxification phenomenon in the liver. The second part of this work contributes to technological and methodological developments in the clinical use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Large radiofrequency coils have been elaborated to observe different nuclei : a 31P/IH coil (2T). In the same way, 2 dimension spectroscopic imaging sequences have been developed. Perfectly, localized 31P MRS spectra were performed. The comparison of investigation results on healthy volunteers and patients with various pathologies have shown significant differences. 13C MRS spectra with proton decoupling, were performed on volunteers (aftter power deposition and tissu heating calculation). 13C human liver spectra were performed at 2T for the first time by using spectroscopic imaging sequence
Rouanet, François. "Maladie de Wilson : aspects cliniques, thérapeutiques et IRM, à propos de 19 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23067.
Full textJoanne, Christiane. "Effet de la pathologie sur l'expression du phénotype d'oxydation de la débrisoquine chez l'homme : étude à partir de 1000 déterminations." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA3621.
Full textCamberlein, Émilie. "Hepcidine et ferroportine : implication au cours de surcharges en fer secondaires expérimentales et humaines." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S109.
Full textErroportin export iron from providing cells (enterocytes and macrophages) to plamsa. Hepcidin is a soluble protein secreted by the liver and negative regulator of ferroportin. An altered expression of hepcidin is responsible for iron metabolism pathologies. We highlighted a correlation between a decrease of this expression and an increase of erythropoietic activity, independently of mRNA levels of iron metabolism genes. Decrease of plasmatic iron bioavailability when hepcidin expression was increased by iron overload in mice raises the question of the potential interest of hepcidin measurement in patients with secondary iron overload and for who a venesection treatment is considered. Our results in mouse raise questions on ferroportin role in liver iron content regulation. Plasmatic iron bioavailability regulation by hepatic ferroportin compared to ferroportin from other iron providing organs needs to be defined. In parallel impact of hepcidin at the liver level needs to be specified
Biro-Sauveur, Blaise. "Incidence comparée d'infestations unique et répétée par Fasciola hepatica sur les biotransformations de substances endogènes et exogènes chez le rat." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT012A.
Full textCourselaud, Brice. "Régulation de l'expression de l'hepcidine, un gène clé du métabolisme du fer." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1A016.
Full textAmédée-Manesme, Olivier. "Étude des réserves vitaminiques A chez des enfants atteints de cholestases chroniques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112242.
Full textThe live is essential for storage (90 %) and regulation in Vitamin A Metabolism. Our work is divided in three parts: 1) Methodology: two methods are presented: A) on HPLC with determination of the retinol and the rétinyl ester on the same chromatogram; B) the relative dose response which is a non invasive method evaluation of liver stores. 2) Diagnosis: these methods are used in children with liver cholestasis. They show that: - children with chronic cholestasis are in a precarious nutritional status very early in life relative to liver reserves of vitamin A; - plasma vitamin A values, unless < 10 μg retinol/dl, are much less sensitive indicators of inadequate status; - liver retinol concentration and rétinyl ester percentage are constant in humans; - relative dose response test is used with success in children with liver disease by intravenous injection. 3) Treatment: - intramuscular injection of rétinyl palmitate in a water miscible solution increase to a normal level of the liver concentration. – Relative dose response test can be used for treatment evaluation. This work is an application to a medical problem of modern biochemical dosages
Godoy, José Luiz de. "Régénération hépatique et transfert de gènes." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD04.
Full textBourdel-Marchasson, Isabelle. "Etude métabolique, fonctionnelle et interventionnelle de la dénutrition du patient âgé hospitalisé." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28737.
Full textAllard, Julien. "Mise en évidence de l'implication de différents mécanismes dans la survenue de la stéatose hépatique d'origine médicamenteuse en absence de dysfonction mitochondriale sévère." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B010.
Full textSteatosis is a liver lesion reported with numerous pharmaceuticals. Prior studies showed that severe impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mtFAO) constantly leads to lipid accretion in liver. However, much less is known about the mechanism(s) of drug-induced steatosis in the absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction, although previous studies suggested the involvement of mild-to-moderate inhibition of mtFAO, increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and impairment of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. The objective of our study, mainly carried out in human hepatoma HepaRG cells, was to investigate these 3 mechanisms with 12 drugs able to induce steatosis in human: amiodarone (AMIO, used as positive control), allopurinol (ALLO), D-penicillamine (DPEN), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), indinavir (INDI), indomethacin (INDO), methimazole (METHI), methotrexate (METHO), nifedipine (NIF), rifampicin (RIF), sulindac (SUL) and troglitazone (TRO). Hepatic cells were exposed to drugs for 4 days with concentrations inducing loss of cellular ATP always below 30% of the controls and not exceeding 100xCmax. Among the 12 drugs, AMIO, ALLO, 5FU, INDI, INDO, METHO, RIF, SUL and TRO induced steatosis in HepaRG cells. AMIO, INDO and RIF decreased mtFAO. AMIO, INDO and SUL enhanced DNL. ALLO, 5FU, INDI, INDO, SUL, RIF and TRO impaired VLDL secretion. These 7 drugs reduced the mRNA levels of genes playing a major role in VLDL assembly and also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, in the absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction, drug-induced steatosis can be triggered by different mechanisms, although impairment of VLDL secretion seems more frequently involved, possibly as a consequence of ER stress
Woller, Aurore. "Entrainment of the mammalian circadian clock by metabolism in the liver : a quantitative mathematical model." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S036/document.
Full textTo anticipate daily changes in their environment, most living organisms have evolved a circadian clock, which is synchronized to the diurnal cycle and orchestrates numerous biological functions. At organismal level, daylight is the main signal driving the clock. In multicellular organisms, however, clocks in peripheral organs respond to other cues. For example, the liver clock is primarily synchronized by fasting/feeding cycles and variations in the cellular metabolic state, as reflected by the NAD+/NADH and ATP/AMP ratios. To better understand the entrainment of peripheral circadian clocks by metabolic cycles, we have constructed a mathematical model of the mammalian circadian clock incorporating the metabolic sensors SIRT1 and AMPK. This model reproduces accurately experimental clock gene expression data from mouse liver in vivo and predicts correctly the effect of SIRT1 or AMPK loss-of-function. We used our mathematical model to investigate the response of the liver clock to various temporal patterns of AMPK activation, mimicking the effect of a normal diet, of fasting and of a high-fat diet feeding. Our results predict significant changes in clock gene expression and NAD+ time profiles between these situations. They suggest that the night peak in NAD+ level is due to circadian rhythms in NAMPT expression, while the day peak results from transient AMPK activation. Finally, we find that the loss of amplitude in expression rhythms observed when AMPK is depressed may be pharmacologically rescued using a timed REV-ERB agonist administration, suggesting strategies to fight against high fat diet-induced obesity
Saget, Sarah. "Impact de différents régimes durant la lactation sur le développement de pathologies cardio-métaboliques chez des souris RCIU." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS118.
Full textIntra-Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) is associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. Furthermore, previous studies also indicated that changing nutrition during the early post-natal period could worsen pathologies later on. In order to study mechanisms involved in programming of these pathologies, our laboratory developed a mouse model of IUGR- induced by feeding pregnant mice with an isocaloric/ low-protein diet - and whose nutrition during lactation was modulated by normalizing litter sizes to induce overfeeding, normal feeding or restriction. Restriction during lactation can protect IUGR mice from the development of cardio-metabolic pathologies even in aged mice. In contrast, both normal feeding or overfeeding during lactation exacerbate weight gain by 1 month of age onward, and induce an insulin resistance, a steatosis and an arterial hypertension with age. Molecular alterations of AKT phosphorylation in liver of mice were observed before the appearance of insulin resistance. Interestingly, this could be promoted by the permanent decrease in AKT protein levels that is associated with a decrease in the positive H3K4me3 histone mark in Akt promoter. Furthermore, an alteration in H3K4me3 levels was also observed in the promoter of microRNA17-92a cluster gene. miR-19a, a member of this cluster, is known to regulate PTEN translation, an AKT inhibitor. In agreement, post-transcriptional regulation of PTEN seems to be altered in adult IUGR-N and IUGR-O male mice. Currently, importance of this microRNA is studied in a human cohort
Tête, Arnaud. "Impact de la co-exposition au benzo[a]pyrène et à l'éthanol sur la progression pathologique de la stéatose hépatique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B021/document.
Full textSteatosis is the most common form of liver disease in the world, affecting around 25 % of the general population and up to 80 % of obese people. The disease is defined by the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and is generally considered as a benign condition. However, around 20 % of people with steatosis develop steatohepatitis, a disease characterized by cell death and inflammation, a condition that favors the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The causes and mechanisms involved in the progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis are yet not fully understood. Obesity, exposure to environmental contaminants and alcohol consumption are three major factors contributing to the development of liver diseases. However, is still not yet clear what is the effect of the interaction between these different factors on liver diseases. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a co-exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an environmental carcinogenic contaminant, and ethanol, used at low doses, in WIF-B9 hepatic cell line, with a prior steatosis . The results demonstrate that this type of co-exposition induces a progression of hepatic steatosis to a steatohepatitis-like stage, marked by an increased cell death and an inflammation. We have shown that in this condition, cell death results from the activation of p53 and lipid peroxidation. Activation of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor and production of nitric oxide are the origin of these events by a modification of both ethanol and B[a]P metabolism leading to peroxynitrite-dependent DNA damage
Pasqua, Mattia. "Preclinical studies on an extracorporeal bioartificial liver." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2557.
Full textFor all patients suffering of acute liver failure, there is an urgent need of alternatives to liver transplantation. Due to a variety of factors, those patients do not always have easy access to an available organ and die waiting for a transplant. Therefore, it is imperative to find viable alternatives to liver transplantation. Among the various alternatives that emerged in recent years, our group has mainly investigated the concept of bioartificial liver. It is an extracorporeal circulation device equipped with artificial elements (activated charcoal and ionic resin) and a biological element (hepatic biomass) capable of supporting the failing organ. This device has the role of providing hepatic functions, lost due to the disease, helping the patient to remain alive until an organ is available or, otherwise, capable of promoting natural liver regeneration. This thesis retraces the evolution of these devices over time, describing their principle of operation and the main results proposed by the literature. The focus is then moved on the development of our liver supply device and the scientific path that allowed optimizing the hepatic biomass at best. This thesis work led to the development of a ready-to-use BAL device on animal models of acute liver failure
Depla, Marion. "Modélisation in vitro et étude bioclinique de la stéatose induite par le virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3318/document.
Full textThe results presented in this thesis illustrate the difficulty of assessing the part related to the virus and that related to host factors in the induction of hepatic steatosis in patients chronically infected with HCV. In vitro data suggest that the virus plays a direct role in the induction of steatosis, due to the properties of its capsid protein, and that the variability of the virus can affect the intensity of the steatosis. Our bio-clinical study suggests that this variability seems to have a much more moderate impact in vivo. Thus, in patients chronically infected with HCV, host factors seem to play a major role to modulate the degree of steatosis associated with the virus. Further studies are needed to establish the nature of these factors
Lin, Ren Yong. "Echinococcus multilocularis influence-t-il l'équilibre métabolique du foie de l'hôte ? : Modifications de l'expression génique et des voies métaboliques in vitro et in vivo." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0009.
Full textBelot, Audrey. "Régulation du métabolisme du fer et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30009.
Full textIron homeostasis is a paradox. It is both essential for living organisms but deleterious in excess. Iron balance is maintained by hepcidin, a hormone produced by the liver. Matriptase-2 is an inhibitor of hepcidin expression. The absence of matriptase-2 causes IRIDA, a disease characterized by a severe anemia and an iron deficiency. In this study, I showed in mice that a hepcidin-suppressing molecule corrects the iron deficiency and the anemia of IRIDA. Thus, this molecule could be used in therapy. In this work, I was also interested in the role of iron in fatty liver disease which can progress in some cases to a more severe stage for which no treatments are available. I have shown that hepcidin production is increased in this disease, resulting in liver iron retention that could be an aggravating factor. The characterization of this dysregulation has led to the identification of a promising new therapeutic target to prevent the disease progression
Delacôte, Claire. "Vers une meilleure compréhension de la maladie du foie liée à l'alcool et des facteurs influençant sa progression : approche de modélisation." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S029.
Full textIn France, excessive alcohol consumption is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ahead of viral hepatitis and metabolic syndrome. In 2016, there were nearly 10,500 deaths by cirrhosis or HCC, despite a significant decrease in per capita alcohol consumption since 1960 (26L in 1960, 11.7L in 2017).Alcohol drinkers are at risk of developing alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). It progresses from the initial stage of steatosis to more advanced stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis, which may lead to complications: decompensation and HCC. ALD is an asymptomatic disease prior to the onset of complications, and many patients are diagnosed late with life-threatening consequences.Implementing early actions targeting excessive alcohol drinkers could help to reduce liver morbidity and mortality through the avoidance or earlier diagnosis of complications. The evaluation of the possible benefit of such public health actions requires, on the one hand, knowledge of the different stages leading to the development of complications and, on the other hand, knowledge of the impact of risk factors on progression, in order to be able to determine the populations to target. Among the risk factors identified, the metabolic syndrome plays an important role. Thus, in order to understand the mechanisms of evolution of ALD, it is necessary to study in parallel those leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).The natural history of ALD is still poorly described, especially for the stages preceding cirrhosis. Mathematical modeling provides a conceptual framework to overcome the ethical issues that would arise from a cohort study of the evolution of ALD.The main objective of this work is to mathematically reconstruct the natural history of ALD and to predict the associated morbidity and mortality. The secondary objectives are to estimate the incidence of this pathology and to identify the at-risk population. For this purpose, we developed a Markov model that simulates the trajectory of cohorts of individuals from the moment they start at-risk alcohol consumption until their death. It integrates the main risk factors described as associated with the progression of ALD in the literature (sex, age, overweight and obesity, amount of alcohol, genetic polymorphism). Unknown parameters of progression are estimated by a back-calculation method.Three steps were necessary to supply and calibrate this model : 1) characterize mortality by decompensated cirrhosis and HCC related to alcohol consumption or metabolic syndrome from data provided by the French National Hospital Discharge database; 2) set up a Markov model on hospitalization data of excessive consumers to estimate the progression of fibrosis; 3) implement a Markov model on survey data from the general French population to estimate the process of entry into at-risk alcohol consumption or the onset of overweight and obesity.In conclusion, this work is the first to characterize the progression of ALD in the general French population. It is based on robust epidemiological data to which new insights are provided. The developed tools could be used to test the impact of public health policies that could be implemented in populations most likely to develop liver damage
Perchet, Thibaut. "Roles of hepatic group 1 ILC during the early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC314.
Full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver pathologies that encompass diseases such as steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). With a constant increase of patients diagnosed, NAFLD is becoming a major concern of public health worldwide. A “multiple hits” hypothesis has been described to regroup the metabolic disorders that are associated with the transition from steatosis to NASH. This transition is a critical step during NAFLD pathogenesis as untreated NASH can further develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, the analysis of early events occurring during during NAFLD is critical to understand its evolution to more severe pathologies. In the liver, diverse cell populations are involved in hepatic metabolism, function and immune surveillance. Among them, the group 1 ILC is enriched in the liver and can quickly induce an immune response by producing cytokines or inducing cell death. Hepatic group 1 ILC is composed of Natural Killer (NK) cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells 1 (ILC1), two cell populations that share a similar phenotype. Nevertheless they constitute two distinct cell lineages that have unique features. Here we propose to study the roles of NK cells and ILC1 during the early stages of NAFLD.In this work, we demonstrated that NK cells and ILC1 diverge in phenotype and function during the early stages of NAFLD pathogenesis. While ILC1 showed a down-regulation of inhibitory markers and down-regulation of granzyme B, we detected an increase of interferon gamma (IFNg) secreting NK cells. These modifications were found shortly after the induction of steatosis and preceded other hepatic immune cell recruitment or activation. Our work highlighted the role of the immune intestinal populations during liver inflammation and identified the intestinal lamina propria as a potential source of NK cells during this process. Finally, we demonstrated that IFNg is inducing liver damage, but is not involved in hepatic group 1 ILC recruitment or modification in our model of steatosis.This study brings new insights on the early events of NAFLD and the role of hepatic group 1 ILC during liver inflammation. It also underlines the importance of distinguishing the roles of NK cells and ILC1 in liver pathologies
Munteanu, Mona. "Performances pronostiques du FibroTest chez les sujets avec maladie métabolique du foie Long‐term prognostic value of the FibroTest in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, compared to chronic hepatitis C, B, and alcoholic liver disease Diagnostic performance of a new noninvasive test for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using a simplified histological reference." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS591.
Full textThe FibroTest (Patent APHP-Sorbonne University) has been validated as a biomarker for the diagnosis of the stages of fibrosis in non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with results similar to those in chronic hepatitis C, B and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but it has not yet been confirmed for the prediction of liver-related death. This was mainly due to the lower incidence of liver related deaths, and the higher incidence of non-liver related deaths, as well as the slower progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis, in NAFLD in comparison with other liver diseases. The primary aim was to assess the long-term (10-year) prognostic value of FibroTest in NAFLD and in comparison with that observed in CHC, the most validated population. Due to the very early start of the FibroFrance project in 1997, FibroTest was prospectively assessed in the Pitié-Salpêtrière cohort allowing a 20 years follow-up with a sufficient number of liver-related deaths. As half of the liver-related deaths were due to primary liver cancer, the second aim was to construct and validate internally two new multi-analyte tests, HR1 and HR2 (APHP-Sorbonne University Patents) for the early prediction of cancer, in patients with chronic liver diseases, without and with cirrhosis. Those tests combined apolipoprotein- A1 and haptoglobin, two "hepato-protective" proteins, with gammaglutamyl transferase, a simple marker of cytotoxicity, without specific marker of liver cancer for HR1, and with alpha-fetoprotein for HR2. Our work demonstrated that apoliporotein-A1 and haptoglobin had a prognostic value in patients without cirrhosis and drug-induced liver injury (DILI-ActiTest, APHP-Sorbonne University patent), and in patients with chronic liver diseases with and mostly without cirrhosis, permitting to identify very early the patients at high risk of cancer. These advantages of these proteins were unknown when our project started in 1997. A surveillance algorithm combining HR1 and HR2 in patients older than 50-year permitted to detect one cancer every 10 patients screened. For the third aim, the improvement of blood test for the diagnosis of steatosis and NASH, two new quantitative tests have been constructed and internally validated (APHPSorbonne University Patents), SteatoTest-2 and Nash-Test-2. To manage patients with metabolic risk, these tests have been constructed to reproduce as well as possible the pathologist report of the biopsy, that is estimating the presence and the severity of the elementary histological features: steatosis, inflammatory activity and fibrosis. For this reason a long methodological analysis has been performed to better use as reference the scoring systems now uniformized and recommended by European and American pathologists. The main limitations of our works were the absence of large external validations in patients with metabolic risk, in order to reproduce our results, especially according to a conflict of interest. For the other blood tests widely used in chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, as well as the first generation used in NAFLD, the independent external validations has confirmed the initial performances
Smati-Grangeon, Sarra. "Influence du sexe dans la susceptibilité aux hépatopathies métaboliques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30213.
Full textNon Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), is the most common liver disease and a major public health issue worldwide. There are strong clinical and preclinical evidence for sexual dimorphism. The establishment of reliable animal models is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying such gender specific susceptibility to the disease. We aimed at identifying a mouse model of NAFLD that replicates at best the sexual dimorphism observed in humans. We tested different hypercaloric diets: High-Fat Diet (HFD), Choline Deficient HFD, Western Diet enriched with cholesterol and co-administered or not with drinking water containing glucose and fructose in male and female C57BL/6J mice (n=12/group). Histological, biochemical, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed. The Western Diet induces a strong dimorphic phenotype for the onset of NASH. Males develop major steatosis associated with severe inflammation and fibrosis whereas females show much less steatosis. Both sexes develop obesity and have impaired glucose tolerance. In contrast, insulin resistance is more severe in males than in females. Finally, liver transcriptome analysis highlights contrasted gene expression profiles between males and females in response to the different diets. Gene network analysis suggest that nuclear receptors are influential in this sexual dimorphic response to dietary challenges. Among nuclear receptors, ERalpha is the major effector of estrogen signaling in the liver. We tested the western diet in male and female mice in absence of ERalpha in hepatocytes. This deletion did not cause significant changes in hepatic phenotype in response to western diet in males and females. Another nuclear receptor has been studied, PPARalpha plays a central role in lipid metabolism and is protective against NAFLD. In the absence of PPARalpha in hepatocytes, fatty acid catabolism is defective during fasting in male mice. Therefore, to investigate whether hepatocyte PPARalpha activity shows sexual dimorphism, we tested the effect of fasting in female mice. In vivo experiments in mice with a hepatocyte specific knock-out of PPARalpha reveal that fasting induces similar PPARalpha-dependent ketogenesis in mice from both sexes.[...]
Lainas, Panagiotis. "Transplantation d'hépatocytes génétiquement modifiés : régénération hépatique et moyens d'amélioration de la prise de greffe hépatocytaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746653.
Full textAssoubeng-Mba, Mélanie. "Caractérisation de l'activité phénotypique des Isoenzymes du cytochrome P450 chez des patients avec maladie du foie." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15482.
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