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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fokalisering'
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Eriksson, Anja. "Fokalisering i teori och praktik : En studie av tre teoretikers användande av fokalisering." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8576.
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Åhrman, Caroline. "Konsten att berätta : En studie av ungdomsromanen Cirkeln." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-190943.
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Pålvik, Richard. "D – mörker och mystik : En analys av populärlitterära drag och fokalisering i Hideyuki Kikuchis Vampire Hunter D." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1067.
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Gustavsson, Josefin. "Att uppmärksamma könsroller i den visuella världen : En genusanalys av fokalisering och genuslekt i tv-serien 13 Reasons Why ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-81068.
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Syftet med studien är att utifrån Maria Nikolajevas feministiska narratologi uppmärksamma och undersöka stereotypa könsroller i serien 13 Reasons Why. Dessa stereotypa könsroller analyseras med hjälp av en genusteori kring det sociala könet som socialt konstruerat som feminina och maskulina karaktärsdrag. Undersökningen bygger på en narratologisk analys som utgår ifrån fokalisering (synvinkel) och genuslekt (studier i språket relaterat till kön) och studerar därmed hur kön presenteras genom olika berättarperspektiv och språkmönster. Materialet som ligger till grund för undersökningen är serien 13 Reasons Why, som visualiserar könsstereotypa situationer som ligger till grund för undersökningens analys. Analysen visar att serien är starkt influerad av feminina och maskulina karaktärsdrag och att språket i serien innehåller stora könsskillnader. Vidare styrker studien tidigare forskning om kvinnan som objekt, eftersom det genom tv-seriens val av fokalisering är tydligt att flickorna är de som är betraktade i samtligt analyserade scener. Detta är problematiskt eftersom det frångår skolans mål om att elever ska uppmuntras att finna sin unika egenart utan fördomar om kvinnligt och manligt och påverkar deras bild av hur flickor och pojkar bör vara.
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Johansson, Viktor. "”Vill du att jag ska hålla dig i handen pappa?” : Alkoholism och psykisk ohälsa i svensk arbetarlitteratur skildrat ur ett barnperspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434738.
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Uppsatsen undersöker hur alkoholism och psykisk ohälsa skildras i svensk arbetarlitteratur ur ett barnperspektiv. Uppsatsen gör detta genom att undersöka Svinalängorna (2006), Mig äger ingen (2007) och Korparna (2011). Uppsatsen kretsar kring följande forskningsfrågor: •Vilken effekt får barnperspektivet i verken? •Hur förhåller sig omvärlden till karaktärernas alkoholism och eventuella psykiska komplikationer? •Hur skildras arbetaren i verken? Uppsatsen undersöker dessa frågor genom att nyttja fokalisering, forskning om psykisk- ohälsa samt begreppen autofiktion och arbetarlitteratur. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att verken passar väl in i definitionerna av arbetarlitteratur och autofiktion och förhåller sig till det. Uppsatsen fastställer även att barnperspektivet som finns i verken bidrar till en djupare upplevelse och gör att läsaren kommer närmare händelserna. Uppsatsen kommer dessutom fram till att omvärldens hantering av att personer i verket mår dåligt är undermålig. Inget händer och det ignoreras till största del. Slutligen kommer uppsatsen fram till att arbetaren skildringen är en skarp kritik mot dåtidens arbetsförhållanden. Dessutom så skildras de som uppgivna och i högsta grad självdestruktiva.
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Larsson, Jasmin. ""Berättelsen är anpassad efter hur du spelar" : En litteraturvetenskaplig komparativ analys av datorspel utifrån perspektiven narratologi, interaktion och föreställningsvärldar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167089.
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Datorspel som litteratur i undervisning är ett relativt nytt forskningsområde. I detta examensarbete utförs en litteraturvetenskaplig komparativ analys mellan de tre datorspelen The Wolf Among Us, What Remains of Edith Finch och Sorcery! 1–3. Dessa tre datorspel analyseras utifrån tre olika perspektiv: narratologi, interaktivitet (receptionsteori) och litterära föreställningsvärldar, som sedan är grunden för en avslutande didaktisk diskussion om datorspel i undervisningen. Resultat av analysen visar att narratologiska begrepp kan appliceras på datorspel, men med vissa skillnader från litteratur. Ytterligare resultat av analysen är att den interaktiva upplevelsen i datorspel medför en medverkande och medskapande roll för spelaren. Spelaren ges möjlighet, på samma sätt som i litteratur, att fylla igen luckor i berättelsen genom att interagera med miljön och karaktärerna genom valmöjligheter och rörelse. Vidare visar också resultatet att datorspel bygger upp föreställningsvärldar via flera olika sinnen, vilket är en skillnad från litteratur. Datorspel hjälper även till vid meningsskapandet genom fantasin då spelvärlden och spelmiljön redan är uppbyggd. Spelarens erfarenhet är dock en viktig punkt vid byggandet av föreställningsvärldar och tolkningen av den. Detta kan vara ett problem i dessa datorspel då de bygger på fantasivärldar och teman som spelaren eventuellt inte har erfarenhet av.
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Wendt, Höjer Fanny. "Staden som f(r)iktion : En maktanalys av rumsliga gestaltningar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65976.
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Den här uppsatsen undersöker gestaltningar av rumslighet i Yxta Maya Murrays roman Locas och i Helena María Viramontes novell ”The Cariboo Cafe”. Utifrån en lefebvriansk förståelse av det sociala rummets produktion görs en feministisk, postkolonial läsning av rummets betydelse i texterna. Med utgångspunkt i detta teoretiska ramverk diskuteras tematiseringen av plats, rum och identitet i berättelserna. Vidare används en narratologisk analys av texternas användning av deixis och fokalisering för att visa hur språket fungerar som en granskande skildring av olika platsers och rums villkor. En sådan läsning tillåter texterna att träda fram som avslöjare av specifika maktordningar och som kritik mot dessa.This essay examines the spatial descriptions in Yxta Maya Murray’s novel Locas and in Helena María Viramontes’ short story “The Cariboo Café”. Based on Henri Lefebvre’s understanding of the production of social space, a post-colonial, feminist reading of the texts’ spaces is executed. Rooted in this theoretical framework, the texts’ thematization of space, place and identity is discussed. Furthermore, a narratological analysis is added to the investigation through a scrutiny of the usage of deixis and focalization. It is shown how the usage of language in the texts functions to further expose different bodies’ divergent access to different spaces. This reading permits the texts to appear both as revealers of specific power systems, and as critics of them.
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Sundlöf, Sten-Ove. "Stilstudie - Katherine Mansfield och Stephen King." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160257.
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In this essay I will present a stylestudy of he New Zeeland born author Katherine Mansfield, 1888 - 1923 and american master of horror, Stephen King, born 1947. The main focus is to analyze how they use the literary tools of time, place and focalisation and to make a literary experiment where I practise the learnings I have made. I will try to answer how the authors use time, place and focalisation in the novels? In my literary experiment, can I find the differences and similarities? I have studied two shortstorys: Katherine Mansfields The Garden Party and from Stephen King, 1922.I read my first short story from Mansfield and King more than twenty years ago and over the years they have stayed in my memory as strong and positive experiences of reading. My aim is to learn more about the author's style with special attention to time, place and focalisation. The tools for this is studies of their works in connection to these three concepts and a literary experiment where I try to mimic the authors. In this my work I have found similarities and differencies between the two authors. Differencies coming from the different times when they write: Mansfield from early 1900 modernism and romanticism and King contemporary literature and horror. I have deepened my understanding of place and time and captured new knowledge about focalization, a term that was new to me as I started the course. Both authors write chronologically over different timespace (one day and a decade). They use dialogue, both internal and external. They switch between external nd internal/varied internal focalization wich makes the novels fascinating and intriguing. I have found that is is possible to cross the style of the tho authors and create a credible story.
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Aspersand, Anna-Karin. "En Strid För Lättnad : En narratologisk läsning av Edith Södergrans ”Undret” med diskussion ur feministteologisk synvinkel." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43909.
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This thesis is a narratological analysis of the poem “The Miracle” by Edith Södergran. The thesis uses narratological tools from Mieke Bal in order to investigate different themes mainly connected to Christological sacrificial mythology. The thesis furtermore offers a discussion that highlights the poem from a feminist theological point of view, mainly with the help of ideas developed by Catherine Keller and Anne-Sofie Eriksson. ”The Miracle” is a dialogue between a girl and a nun about a troublesome dream that the girl has. It is a dream, which the girl finds strange and it concerns the need for revenge to reach relief. The dialogue also shows the risk of a kind of oppressive forgiveness by covering unfairness, and how the girl finds her way with help from the nun. With the altar in the poem as a kind of stage, “The Miracle” offers a challenge for the church and the whole world about attitudes, and about how to be constructive and liberating. This includes questions about the need to be careful and realistic when it comes to danger as well. How can you aim for fairness and at the same time handle unfairness, at several levels? Both the girl and the nun keep progressing in their different situations, from a horizon including escatological expressions. It is not easy, but they are not tied to oppressive traditions in their way of thinking either. What makes “The Miracle” such an interesting poem is the way it directs the reader to pose several constructive questions, without offering preformed answers.
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Leo, Sofia, and Anna Karlsson. "Regnbågsfamiljer i bilderböcker : En text- och bildanalys om hur homosexuella föräldrar skildras i fyra bilderböcker." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49341.
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This analysis concerns four picture books that in different ways address the topic of children in rainbow families. The purpose of the study is to analyse how rainbow families are portrayed in the picture books by the authors and illustrators. In carrying out the analysis, we assess how the texts and pictures are used to depict the families. We also look at how the books are didactically structured to raise the reader’s awareness of rainbow families. Our hope is that this study will inspire teachers to use picture books when teaching to broaden students’ understanding of different family structures. One result of the analysis is that the formation of a family plays a significant part in these books. We have also observed that the books are didactic in different ways to draw attention to and normalise families with homosexual parents. All four picture books have their depiction of the families in common - they all show the families as happy with parents in stable relationships.
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Jakobsson, Matilda. "Många röster små : En applicering av Michail Bachtins polyfonibegrepp på Moa Martinsons roman Kvinnor och äppelträd." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22479.
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The aim of this essay is to investigate to which extent the novel Kvinnor och äppelträd by Moa Martinson can be classified as a polyphonic novel. The concept polyphony was established in literary theory by the Russian language theorist and literary critic Michail Bachtin in 1929, in his book Problems of Dostoevsky’s poetics. In order to understand and comprehend the concept of polyphony I have used an interpretation due to the literature scholar Robyn McCallum. She notes that the characters in a polyphonic novel function as focalizers. All fictional characters create their own basis of social, cultural and ideological opinions and values, from which they provide their particular perspective on the story. Therefore, when fictional characters and their socio-ideological viewpoints intersect, a rather complex structure of interaction, dialogues and intersubjectivity is created between them. Kvinnor och äppelträd is according to the most prominent scholar in the field, Ebba Witt-Brattström, a polyphonic novel. Her presumption is based upon the plurality of voices that is expressed in the novel, and the ambiguous interaction between them. However, to the best of my knowledge, no profound investigation of the novel’s polyphonic structure has yet been undertaken, and therefore this essay is dedicated to this task. For this purpose I have performed an analysis of the narratology in the novel, resulting in the overall conclusion that Kvinnor och äppelträd is indeed a polyphonic novel. Since the concept of polyphony also implies a modernistic feature, one can discuss the fact that Kvinnor och äppelträd has been classified as working class literature, and not modernistic literature. The final conclusion of the essay is that the complex polyphonic structure of the novel, and its controversial and pioneering content, have been underestimated and ignored. Regarding this aspect Moa Martinson should have been categorized under the Swedish literary modernism.
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Arvidsson, Frida. "Praktiska förslag på teoretisk grund : Didaktiska redskap för svensklärarens narratologiska verktygslåda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69928.
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Syftet med studien är att utifrån en narratologisk analys av Lina Wolffs De polyglotta älskarna diskutera hur Gérard Genettes narratologiska begrepp homo-, hetero- och autodiegetisk berättare, fokalisering, analeps och proleps kan göras tydliga och greppbara för elever i den svenska gymnasieskolan. Utifrån Örjan Torells modell för litterär kompetens diskuterar jag sedan hur begreppen kan presenteras och förklaras för att förstås av elever i svenskundervisningen. Materialet som står till grund för uppsatsen är Lina Wolffs De polyglotta älskarna, Gérard Genettes Narrative discourse och Örjan Torells Hur gör man en litteraturläsare?. Analysen visar att Wolffs roman i många avseenden kan bidra med tydliga exempel och intressanta narratologiska skiften. Utifrån Torells tre delkompetenser performanskompetens, konstitutionell kompetens och literary transferkompetens presenteras sedan två praktiska, didaktiska förslag. Istället för att söka begreppsförenklingar föreslås lärare söka nya sätt att förklara avancerade begrepp.
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Eghammer, Patric. "Läraren skapas : – en romans premisser och hur dessa använts för att skapa en textuell helhet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39823.
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This essay concerns on how my novel The Teacher was influenced by the Masters course I completed in Creative Writing at Linnaeus University (2012 – 2014). Basically, The Teacher is about a love affair between a teacher and a student. With an intertextual, comparative and structurally inspired method I examine the process of writing my text. I also examine how my work relates to the great changes of the Swedish school system in the early 1990:s: deregulation, decentralisation and management by objectives. These changes are satirised in the novel. The essay also deals the role of the city in its time, the school in its town, contemporary literary texts with corresponding thematic, the moral values in their time and overall existential questions about responsibility, guilt, acceptance, non-judgmental attitudes, forgiveness and being in the present moment. The examining part of the essay shows how these premises get a concrete expression in the main conflict, main theme, characterization, narrative and stylistic choices. The essay clarifies the satirical point of view that turns The Teacher into an ironical reflection on the Swedish school system after the so-called “kommunaliseringen” (communities taking over from the state). The essay also clarifies how grown ups abdicate from responsibility in the Swedish society and how people judge each other and cling to roles. For that reason The Teacher is relevant within its time but also and even more since it is about recurring existential questions about responsibility and non-judgmental attitudes.
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Arrhénborg, Ludvig. "Pyramid och mosaik : En jämförande adaptionsanalys av den narrativa strukturen mellan romanen Cloud Atlas och dess filmatisering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296708.
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En adaptionsanalys som utforskar relationen mellan romanen Cloud Atlas av David Mitchell och dess filmatisering (2012) av Tom Tykwer och syskonen Wachowski. Fokuset ligger på skillnader och likheter i narrativ och vilka visuella möjligheter som kunnat tillföras när romanens handlingen gjordes om till filmformat.
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Berggren, Lova. "”Låta slumpen råda” : En komparativ studie av fokaliseringen i Den allvarsamma leken och För Lydia." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39977.
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In 1912 Hjalmar Söderberg wrote what came to be a Swedish classic, The serious game, about the two young lovers Lydia and Arvid and their failed attempts to be with each other. 1973 Gun-Britt Sundström responded with her own novel, For Lydia, that tells the same story but from Lydia´s point of view. This essay discusses if the macro perspective, Sundström´s tendency in giving Lydia an agency, can be seen in the structure of the language, the micro perspective. To enable this, the essay has been using parts of the narratology theory founded in the 1960’s that was partly produced by Gérard Genette and supplemented by Mieke Bal. Looking at focalization (from what angle the story is told), it is possible to investigate what kind of information the reader can assimilate of Lydia and her progress. Susan Lanser defined feminist narratology and in accordance to her theory the essay examines the context and author of the novel to fully understand the writings. Sundström in a higher degree than Söderberg includes intern focalization when it comes to Lydia, which gives the reader more information about Lydia and her agency. Söderberg focalizes Arvid rather than Lydia which gives the reader the impression that Lydia acts selfish and unaccountable. Both novels arose in circumstances characterized by female emancipation and by regarding that, a more prominent picture of Sundström´s intention to make For Lydia a feministic response to The serious game can be seen. In conclusion, the essay shows that, the tendency of Sundström, to make a feministic response to Söderberg´s novel, can be seen even in the micro perspective of the language.
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Adrian, Anderson. "Tystnad - talande tystnad : Luckor och möjlighetsutrymmen i Alice Munros novell "Hateship, friendship, courtship, loveship, marriage"." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59953.
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Häggblom, Gunilla. "Livsmystik och destruktiv maktsträvan - två poler i Per Olof Sundmans författarskap : en undersökning med särskilt fokus på romanerna Expeditionen och Två dagar, två nätter." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101990.
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My thesis addresses the antagonism between the mystery of life and the destructive pursuit of power which forms a central theme in the works of Per Olof Sundman (1922–1992). The purpose is to show that Sundman uses the theme of the encounter/non-encounter and the destructive leader to examine the conditions for allowing a deeper experience of reality and the destructive exercise of power. I analyse these themes using concepts borrowed from literary studies (Atle Kittang, Paul Ricoeur, Bertil Romberg, Staffan Björck, Gérard Genette), the philosophy of religion (Martin Buber, Göran Bergstrand) and psychoanalysis (Ludvig Igra, Otto Kernberg, Erich Fromm, Julia Kristeva). My study highlights the problems associated with the destructive exercise of power, which is the overriding theme of Sundman's work. I explore the theme of the encounter by using the concept pair I-You/I-It. With the aid of this concept pair, I throw light on the aspect of depth in our existence by describing the human encounter. In my analysis on the theme of power, I point out the personal qualities inherent in the destructive leader. I also explore the link between the destructive leader's inner conflict of narcissism and repressed weakness – a conflict projected to the outside world – and the emergence of violence. In order to reveal this inner process, I unearth on a latent level the theme of the destructive leader/stranger in Sundman's work. This enables me to single out the mechanism responsible for the emergence of destructivity in the human psyche, while showing the close link between this pattern of narcissism and projected weakness and a distorted view of reality. Sundman contrasts this world of power with an integrative attitude to life. In his novel The Expedition, Sundman depicts life in the other world as being a state of human coexistence in which no one is seen to be a stranger. This idea of unity is reinforced by the choice of name for the first-person narrator of the other world. In this novel, the conditions enabling the flourishing of universalism as an attitude to life are also those that give expression in the I-You encounter to the experience of a deeper aspect to our existence.
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Pettersson, Ulf. "Textmedierade virtuella världar : Narration, perception och kognition." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29606.
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This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text.