Academic literature on the topic 'Folate diet'
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Journal articles on the topic "Folate diet"
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Shulpekova, Yulia, Vladimir Nechaev, Svetlana Kardasheva, Alla Sedova, Anastasia Kurbatova, Elena Bueverova, Arthur Kopylov, Kristina Malsagova, Jabulani Clement Dlamini, and Vladimir Ivashkin. "The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123731.
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Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential one-carbon pathways donating methyl-groups to choline phospholipids, creatine, epinephrine, DNA. Compounds similar to folates are ubiquitous and have been found in different animals, plants, and microorganisms. Folates enter the body from the diet and are also synthesized by intestinal bacteria with consequent adsorption from the colon. Three types of folate and antifolate cellular transporters have been found, differing in tissue localization, substrate affinity, type of transferring, and optimal pH for function. Laboratory criteria of folate deficiency are accepted by WHO. Severe folate deficiencies, manifesting in early life, are seen in hereditary folate malabsorption and cerebral folate deficiency. Acquired folate deficiency is quite common and is associated with poor diet and malabsorption, alcohol consumption, obesity, and kidney failure. Given the observational data that folates have a protective effect against neural tube defects, ischemic events, and cancer, food folic acid fortification was introduced in many countries. However, high physiological folate concentrations and folate overload may increase the risk of impaired brain development in embryogenesis and possess a growth advantage for precancerous altered cells.
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Kulkarni, Medha V., C. P. Parameswaran Nair, and Gomathy Viswanathan. "Varying Folate Pattern in Different Strains of Mice Fed Coconut Oil and Sesame Seed Oil Diet." Pteridines 7, no. 4 (November 1996): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.1996.7.4.143.
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Summary The effect of coconut oil feeding with and without cholesterol on folate metabolism in the two strains of mice, C57BL/6 and AKR have been studied. Liver total folate levels are higher in AKR mice. Coconut oil feeding markedly decreased the ratio of nonmethyl/methyl folates in C57BL/6 strain but not in AKR. Cholesterol supplementation to the coconut oil diet increased the percentage of monoglutamyl folates at the expense of polyglutamyl folates in both strains. Only C57BL/6 strain showed growth retardation on coconut oil feeding. The differences in hepatic folate metabolism between the two strains could possibly have an important role in determining their differences in susceptibility to diet induced atherosclerosis.
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Crivellenti, Lívia de Castro, Patrícia Barbieri, and Daniela Saes Sartorelli. "Folate inadequacy in the diet of pregnant women." Revista de Nutrição 27, no. 3 (June 2014): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000300006.
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate food and dietary folate inadequacies in the diets of adult pregnant women. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 103 healthy pregnant adult users of the Public Health Care System of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The present study included the 82 women with complete food intake data during pregnancy, which were collected by three 24-hour dietary recalls. Food folate (folate naturally present in foods) and dietary folate (food folate plus folate from fortified wheat flour and cornmeal) inadequacies were determined, using the Estimated Average Requirement as cutoff. RESULTS: The diets of 100% and 94% of the pregnant women were inadequate in food folate and dietary folate, respectively. However, fortified foods increased the medium availability of the nutrient by 87%. CONCLUSION: The large number of pregnant women consuming low-folate diets was alarming. Nationwide population studies are needed to confirm the hypothesized high prevalence of low-folate diets among pregnant women.
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Sanderson, Peter, Helene McNulty, Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo, Ian F. W. McDowell, Alida Melse-Boonstra, Paul M. Finglas, and Jess F. Gregory. "Folate bioavailability: UK Food Standards Agency workshop report." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 2 (August 2003): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003889.
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The UK Food Standards Agency convened a group of expert scientists to review current research investigating folate bioavailability. The workshop aimed to overview current research and establish priorities for future research. Discrepancies were observed in the evidence base for folate bioavailability, especially with regard to the relative bioavailability of natural folates compared with folic acid. A substantial body of evidence shows folic acid to have superior bioavailability relative to food folates; however, the exact relative bioavailability still needs to be determined, and in particular with regard to mixed diets. The bioavailability of folate in a mixed diet is probably not a weighted average of that in the various foods consumed; thus the workshop considered that assessment of folate bioavailability of whole diets should be a high priority for future research.
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Silaste, Marja-Leena, Maire Rantala, Georg Alfthan, Antti Aro, and Y. Antero Kesäniemi. "Plasma homocysteine concentration is decreased by dietary intervention." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 3 (March 2003): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002776.
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High plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is reported to be a risk factor for vascular diseases. We investigated the extent to which serum folate and plasma tHcy respond to a high intake of natural folate from food. Thirty-seven healthy females volunteered to participate in a crossover dietary intervention. The study included a baseline period and two 5-week diet periods (low- and high-folate diets) with a 3-week washout in between. The low-folate diet contained one serving of both vegetables and frui/, while during the high-folate diet the subjects ate at least seven servings of vegetables, berries, and citrus frui/. Serum and erythrocyte (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B12, and plasma tHcy concentrations were measured at the baseline and at the end of each diet period. The mean concentrations of serum and RBC folate were 11·0 (sd 3·0) nmo/ and 412 (sd 120) nmo/ at the end of the low-folate diet and 78 (95 % CI 62, 94) % and 14 (95 % CI 8, 20) % higher in response to the high-folate diet (P<0·001). The serum concentration of vitamin B12remained unchanged during the intervention. The mean plasma tHcy concentration was 8·0 μmo/ at the end of the low-folate diet and decreased by 13 (95 % CI 9, 18) % in response to the high-folate diet (P<0·001). In conclusion, a diet high in fresh berries, citrus fruit, and vegetables effectively increases serum and RBC folate and decreases plasma homocysteine.
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Mason, Joel B. "Diet, folate, and colon cancer." Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 1, no. 3 (June 2002): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132980-200201030-00005.
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Mason, Joel B. "Diet, folate, and colon cancer." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 18, no. 2 (March 2002): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200203000-00013.
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Bills, ND, MJ Koury, AJ Clifford, and EN Dessypris. "Ineffective hematopoiesis in folate-deficient mice." Blood 79, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 2273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.9.2273.2273.
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Abstract A folate-free amino acid-based diet provided an opportunity to characterize the effects of folate depletion on growth, tissue folate levels, and hematopoiesis of mice under well-standardized conditions. Weanling mice were fed a folate-free, amino acid-based diet supplemented with either 0 or 2 mg folic acid/kg diet for 35 to 48 days. Folate concentrations were decreased in liver, kidney, serum, and erythrocytes in mice fed the folate-free diet. The folate-deficient mice had anemia, reticulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, all of which reverted to normal after folic acid was reintroduced to the diet. Hematopoietic organs of folate-deficient mice had alterations that were similar to those seen in folate-deficient humans except that in mice, the hyperplasia of hematopoietic tissue occurred in the spleen rather than in the marrow. Ferrokinetic studies showed a normal 59Fe- transferrin half-life, but the percentage of 59Fe-incorporation into red blood cells at 48 hours was markedly subnormal. The number of committed hematopoietic progenitors at the stages of erythroid colony- forming units (CFUs), megakaryocyte CFUs, and granulocyte-macrophage CFUs were all increased in folate-deficient mice. However, the progeny of these progenitors was markedly decreased in folate-deficient mice. Thus, the folate-deficient mice had “ineffective hematopoiesis” leading to pancytopenia, and they therefore provide a murine model of megaloblastic anemia.
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Bills, ND, MJ Koury, AJ Clifford, and EN Dessypris. "Ineffective hematopoiesis in folate-deficient mice." Blood 79, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 2273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.9.2273.bloodjournal7992273.
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A folate-free amino acid-based diet provided an opportunity to characterize the effects of folate depletion on growth, tissue folate levels, and hematopoiesis of mice under well-standardized conditions. Weanling mice were fed a folate-free, amino acid-based diet supplemented with either 0 or 2 mg folic acid/kg diet for 35 to 48 days. Folate concentrations were decreased in liver, kidney, serum, and erythrocytes in mice fed the folate-free diet. The folate-deficient mice had anemia, reticulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, all of which reverted to normal after folic acid was reintroduced to the diet. Hematopoietic organs of folate-deficient mice had alterations that were similar to those seen in folate-deficient humans except that in mice, the hyperplasia of hematopoietic tissue occurred in the spleen rather than in the marrow. Ferrokinetic studies showed a normal 59Fe- transferrin half-life, but the percentage of 59Fe-incorporation into red blood cells at 48 hours was markedly subnormal. The number of committed hematopoietic progenitors at the stages of erythroid colony- forming units (CFUs), megakaryocyte CFUs, and granulocyte-macrophage CFUs were all increased in folate-deficient mice. However, the progeny of these progenitors was markedly decreased in folate-deficient mice. Thus, the folate-deficient mice had “ineffective hematopoiesis” leading to pancytopenia, and they therefore provide a murine model of megaloblastic anemia.
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Kim, Kyong-Chol, Hyeran Jang, Julia Sauer, Ella M. Zimmerly, Zhenhua Liu, Aurelie Chanson, Donald E. Smith, Simonetta Friso, and Sang-Woon Choi. "Folate supplementation differently affects uracil content in DNA in the mouse colon and liver." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 5 (January 21, 2011): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510004332.
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High folate intake may increase the risk of cancer, especially in the elderly. The present study examined the effects of ageing and dietary folate on uracil misincorporation into DNA, which has a mutagenic effect, in the mouse colon and liver. Old (18 months; n 42) and young (4 months; n 42) male C57BL/6 mice were pair-fed with four different amino acid-defined diets for 20 weeks: folate deplete (0 mg/kg diet); folate replete (2 mg/kg diet); folate supplemented (8 mg/kg diet); folate deplete (0 mg/kg diet) with thymidine supplementation (1·8 g/kg diet). Thymidylate synthesis from uracil requires folate, but synthesis from thymidine is folate independent. Liver folate concentrations were determined by the Lactobacillus casei assay. Uracil misincorporation into DNA was measured by a GC/MS method. Liver folate concentrations demonstrated a stepwise increase across the spectrum of dietary folate levels in both old (P = 0·003) and young (P < 0·001) mice. Uracil content in colonic DNA was paradoxically increased in parallel with increasing dietary folate among the young mice (P trend = 0·033), but differences were not observed in the old mice. The mean values of uracil in liver DNA, in contrast, decreased with increasing dietary folate among the old mice, but it did not reach a statistically significant level (P < 0·1). Compared with the folate-deplete group, thymidine supplementation reduced uracil misincorporation into the liver DNA of aged mice (P = 0·026). The present study suggests that the effects of folate and thymidine supplementation on uracil misincorporation into DNA differ depending on age and tissue. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance of increased uracil misincorporation into colonic DNA of folate-supplemented young mice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Folate diet"
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Brockton, Nigel Trevellyan. "Genetic polymorphisms in folate and xenobiotic metabolism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU496469.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer, in both sexes, in developed countries and the incidence rates are rising in many populations. Less than 10% of cases are thought to be due to recognised familial syndromes: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC). Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary factors play an important role in the aetiology of CRC; disease incidence is inversely associated with diets high in folate and has been positively associated with red meat consumption. Folate is important in DNA methylation and synthesis. The increased risk associated with red meat is proposed to be due to the formation of heterocyclic amines during cooking rather than meat consumption per se. The current study, a population-based case-control study (269 case and 408 control subjects) was carried out in the Grampian region and investigated polymorphisms in genes involved in folate and xenobiotic metabolism. Inter-individual differences in the activation and detoxification of xenobiotics and the metabolism of folate might alter risk of CRC. Mouthwash samples were collected from all participants and genomic DNA was extracted for genotypic analysis of MTHFR, CYP1A1, NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1. Homozygous possession of the MTHFR A1298C substitution was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. The reduced risk of rectal cancer associated with possession of the MTHFR C677T substitution approached statistical significance. A proposed mechanism is presented to explain the inverse association between CRC and MTHFR allelic variants. The CYP1A1 C2453A substitution was inversely associated with CRC risk. No significant alteration of risk was associated with deletions of GSTM1 or GSTT1 genes or acetylation status imputed from NAT2 genotype. Genomic DNA extracted from mouthwash samples, collected by post from an elderly population, was effective as template for PCR/RFLP methods of genotyping.
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Pereira, Perla Menezes. "Consumo de cobalamina e folato por gestantes: relação com o metabolismo da homocisteína e com os polimorfismos nos genes da metionina sintase, metilenotetraidrofolato redutase e metionina sintase redutase." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-04042007-164324/.
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Os consumos inadequados de cobalamina (Cbl) e de folato associados aos polimorfismos em genes de enzimas chaves do metabolismo da homocisteína podem agravar as comorbidades relacionadas a deficiências destas vitaminas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o consumo de cobalamina, de folato e de vitamina 86 por gestantes através de três inquéritos recordatórios de 24 horas (IR24h); determinar as correlações entre as concentrações séricas de folato, de cobalamina, de metionina, de .S-adenosilmetionina (SAM), de Sadenosilhomocisteína (SAH), de homocisteína total (tHcy) e de ácido metilmalônico (MMA) com as vitaminas e as proteínas ingeridas na dieta pelas mulheres; analisar as associações entre os polimorfismos MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G e MTRR A66G e alterações nas concentrações das vitaminas e dos metabólitos, além de avaliar os determinantes nutricionais e genéticos das concentrações dos metabólitos tHcy\" SAM, MMA e SAM/SAH durante a gestação. Participaram do estudo 73 mulheres com idades gestacionais de 16, 28 e 36 semanas, no qual foram aplicados três IR24h para cada gestante, um em cada idade gestacional. Foram realizadas as dosagens séricas de cobalamina sérica, folato sérico e eritrocitário, homocisteína total, metionina, MMA, SAM e SAH. As genotipagens dos polimorfismos MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G e MTRR A66G foram feitas por PCR-RFLP. Observou-se que a ingestão de folato foi baixa em relação ao valor de 600 µg/dia recomendado para gestantes, a ingestão de cobalamina foi menor que a encontrada na literatura, a ingestão de vitamina 86 e a de proteínas totais foram semelhantes às da literatura. As concentrações de Cbl séricas foram diretamente relacionadas com a ingestão de proteínas. As concentrações de MMA estavam relacionadas inversamente com a ingestão de cobalamina, com a ingestão das proteínas totais e com a renda per capita. Houve redução das concentrações de cobalamina sérica e aumento de MMA no decorrer das idades gestacionais, sendo observada maior concentração sérica de MMA entre as mulheres que ingeriram menos cobalamina. Não houve associação entre os polimorfismos MTHFR A1298C e MTRR A66G e as variações nas concentrações de vitaminas e de metabólitos. Com relação ao polimorfismo MTHFR C677T, as mulheres portadoras do alelo 677T possuíam menores concentrações médias de foiato eritrocitário, e para o polimorfismo MTR A2756G, as mulheres com genótipos AG e GG apresentaram menores concentrações de metionina. As concentrações aumentadas de tHcy foram explicadas pelas menores concentrações de folato eritrocitário, pela menor ingestão de proteínas totais, pelas maiores concentrações de creatinina sérica e pela ingestão de vitamina 86. A creatinina sérica foi a responsável pela variabilidade das concentrações da SAM. Maiores concentrações de folato sérico e menores concentrações de creatinina sérica foram os responsáveis pelo aumento dos valores da SAM/SAH. As maiores concentrações de MMA foram atribuídas à menor ingestão de cobalamina, à menor renda per capita e à menor concentração sérica de cobalamina. Conclusões: a ingestão de folato foi menor que a metade do recomendado. A ingestão de cobalamina atingiu o recomendado, no entanto não foi suficiente para manter o metabolismo materno. Os polimorfismos não foram associados a baixa ingestão de vitaminas para explicar as alterações nas concentrações de tHcy, da SAM, da SAM/SAH e do MMA.The inadequate intake of cobalamin and folate associated to polymorphisms in key-enzyme genes of homocysteine can worsen comorbidities related to the deficiency of these vitamins. The aims of this study were to evaluate the intake of cobalamin, foiate and vitamin 86 by pregnant women through three 24-hour dietary recaIl (IR24h); to assess the correlation between serum concentrations of folate, cobalamin, methionine, S-adenosilmethionine (SAM), S-adenosilhomocysteine (SAH), total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalohic acid (MMA)towards vitamins and proteins intaked by women, to analyze association between MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G polymorphisms and changes on vitamin and metabolites concentration, and to determine the nutritional and genetic determinants during a gestational period. 73 pregnant women participated in this study, with gestational ages of 16,28 and 36 weeks, onto whom were applied three IR24h to each woman, being one in each gestational age. Serum concentrations of cobalamin, foiate and red blood cell foiate, total homocysteine, methionine, MMA, SAM and SAH were evaluated. The polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRRA66G were performed by PCR-RFLP. It was observed that folate intake was low in relationship to recommended value for pregnant women of 600 µg/day. Cobalamin intake was less than the one found in literature. Vitamin 86 and total protein intake was similar to the one found in literature. Serum Cbl concentrations were directly related to protein intake. MMA concentrations were in,verselycorrelated to cobalamin intake, to total proteins intakes and mounth per capita income. There were reduction of serum cobalamin concentration and enhance of MMAthroughout pregnancy weeks, being observed higher serum concentration of MMAamongst women that intaked less cobalamin. There was no association between MTHFRA1298Cand RRA66Gpolymorphism and the change in vitamins and metabolites concentrations. The women carrying allele 2756G for MTR polymorphism presented lesser serum methionine concentrations and alieie 677T for MTHFR C677T had less concentration of red blood cell folate. The red blood cell folate concentrations, intake of total proteins, serum creatinine concentrations and intake of vitamin 86 were eterminant of tHcy concentration. Serum creatinine was responsible for SAMconcentrations variability. Higher concentrations of serum foiate and lesse r concentrations of serum creatinine were responsible for the enhance of SAM/SAHvalues. The higher concentrations of MMAwere attributed to lesse r cobalamin intake, to lower per capita income and to lesser seruro concentration Df coba}amin. ConcJusions: lo/ate intake was less than ha(f of recommended amount, and cobalamina intake reached the recommended amount, however this amount was not enough to keeping the maternal metabolism. The poly~orphisms were not associated to low vitamin intake for explaining the changes Inserum concentrationsof tHcy,SAM,SAM/SAHand MMA.
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Khosraviani, Kourosh. "The effects of folate and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on colorectal cell proliferation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263324.
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Nonnecke, Eric Brian. "Genistein mediates perturbations in one-carbon metabolism during diet-induced folate deficiency." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476333.
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Yngve, Agneta. "Intake of fruit and vegetables in European children and their mothers, folate intake in Swedish children and health indicators : overweight, plasma homocysteine levels and school performance /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-555-0/.
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Ogle, Britta M. "Wild vegetables and micronutrient nutrition : Studies on the significance of wild vegetables in women's diets in Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5068-7/.
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Almeida, Lana Carneiro. "Frequência de poliformismos relacionados ao metabolismo do folato e fatores associados às concentrações de homocisteína em mulheres de baixa renda de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-05102010-095718/.
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Introdução Hiperomocisteinemia é um fator de risco para defeitos de fechamento no tubo neural e doenças vasculares e neurodegenerativas, e possui determinantes ambientais, metabólicos e genéticos. Estudos sobre freqüência de polimorfismos relacionados ao metabolismo da homocisteína (Hcy) e sua relação com dieta, fatores do estilo de vida e concentração plasmática de Hcy na população brasileira são ainda escassos. Objetivo Investigar a frequência de polimorfismos das enzimas metilenotetraidrofolato redutase (MTHFR C677T [rs1801133] e A1298C [rs1801131]), metionina sintase (MTR A2756G [rs1805087]), metionina sintase redutase (MTRR A66G [rs1801394]) e do carreador de folato reduzido (RFC G80A [rs1051266]) e sua associação com fatores dietéticos, estilo de vida e concentrações séricas ou plasmáticas de Hcy e vitaminas B12, B6 e folato em mulheres de São Paulo. População e métodos Análise transversal de dados de 609 mulheres (21-65 anos) participantes do estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar The Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (BRINCA) Study, excluindo-se os casos de câncer. A ingestão alimentar habitual foi avaliada por questionário de freqüência alimentar. Amostras sangüíneas em jejum foram obtidas sob proteção da luz, com separação imediata do plasma e armazenamento a -70ºC. Concentrações séricas de ácido fólico e vitamina B12 foram analisadas por técnica de fluoroimunoensaio, enquanto concentrações plasmáticas de Hcy e vitamina B6 foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta performance em fase reversa. A detecção dos polimorfismos foi realizada por técnica de reação de cadeia de polimerase. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do programa STATA versão 10.0, ao nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados Genótipo homozigoto polimórfico foi observado em 6,6 por cento (MTHFR 677TT), 4,4 por cento (MTHFR 1298CC), 4,5 por cento (MTR 2756GG), 17,1 por cento (MTRR 66GG) e 24,4 por cento (RFC 80AA) das mulheres analisadas. Genótipo MTHFR 677TT associou-se a maiores concentrações plasmáticas de Hcy e menores concentrações séricas de folato e vitamina B12, quando comparadas aos genótipos 677CT e 677CC (p<0,005). Em contraste, mulheres portadoras de homozigose selvagem para os polimorfismos MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G e MTRR A66G apresentaram maiores concentrações plasmáticas de Hcy quando comparadas às mulheres portadoras de heterozigose e/ou homozigose polimórfica (p<0,005). O efeito de maior consumo de vitamina B6 na concentração de Hcy foi mais pronunciado entre fumantes que entre não-fumantes (p da interação=0,025). Entre fumantes, valores médios de Hcy em mulheres 677TT foram 64,8 por cento e 51,8 por cento maiores quando comparadas às 677CT e 677CC, respectivamente; portadoras do genótipo 1298CC apresentaram maiores concentrações plasmáticas de Hcy em relação àquelas com genótipo 1298AA e 1298AC; entre não-fumantes, entretanto, mulheres 1298AC apresentaram menores concentrações plasmáticas de Hcy do que as mulheres 1298AA. Fumantes que reportaram ingestão de café >173 g/dia tiveram concentrações plasmáticas de Hcy 1,3 mol/L (12,7 por cento) mais altas do que as não-fumantes com consumo de café 173 g/dia (p da interação=0,042). Mulheres sem ingestão alcoólica habitual e que reportaram ser fumantes apresentaram concentrações medianas de Hcy 3,4 mol/L (35 por cento) mais elevadas do que mulheres com consumo de álcool >21,4 g/dia, mas não-fumantes (p da interação=0,008). Conclusão Nesta população de mulheres com baixa prevalência de deficiência de folato sérico (5,1 por cento), fatores do estilo de vida, sobretudo tabagismo e ingestão habitual de álcool, modificam a relação entre consumo alimentar, polimorfismos e concentrações de Hcy, reforçando as recomendações para não fumar e de consumo de álcool com moderaçãoIntroduction Hyperomocysteinemia is a risk factor for neural tube defect and vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and has genetic, metabolic and environmental determinants. Studies evaluating frequency of polymorphisms related to homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and its relation with diet, lifestyle factors and plasma Hcy concentration in Brazilian population are scarce. Objectives To assess the frequency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G and reduced folate carrier (RFC) A80G gene polymorphisms, and examine its association with dietary factors, lifestyle and serum or plasma Hcy and vitamins B12, B6 and folate among low-income Brazilian women. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study included 609 women (21-65 years) participating in The Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention Study (BRINCA Study), excluding cancer cases. The dietary intakes regarding the previous year were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken from each study participant, protected from light, immediately separated plasma or serum and storaged at -70oC. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured by fluoroimmunoassay, and plasma vitamin B6 and Hcy concentrations were assessed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Gene polymorphisms were ascertained using the protein chain reaction-based method. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 10.0, using a statistical significance level of p<0,05. Results Frequencies for the homozygous variant genotypes were: 6.6 per cent (MTHFR 677TT), 4.4 per cent (MTHFR 1298CC), 4.5 per cent (MTR 2756GG), 17.1 per cent (MTRR 66GG) and 24.4 per cent (RFC 80AA) of the analysed women. MTHFR 677TT genotype has been associated to higher plasma Hcy concentration and lower serum folate and vitamin B12 concentration, compared to 677CT and 677CC genotypes (p<0,005). On the contrary, women carrying MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G wild homozygous have presented higher plasma Hcy concentrations when compared to those heterozygous and/or polymorphic homozygous (p<0,005). The effect of a higher vitamin B6 consumption on plasma Hcy concentration was more pronounciated among smokers than non-smokers (interaction p=0.025). Among smokers, mean Hcy values among 677TT subjects were 64.8 per cent and 51.8 per cent higher than 677CT and 677CC, respectively; 1298CC subjects presented higher plasma Hcy concentrations than 1298AA and 1298AC; among non-smokers, however, 1298AC subjects showed lower plasma Hcy concentrations than 1298AA subjects. Smokers who reported coffee intake >173g/d had plasma Hcy concentrations 1.3 mol/L (12.7 per cent) higher than non-smokers consuming coffee 173g/d (interaction p=0.042). Non-drinkers women who reported be smokers showed median plasma Hcy concentrations 3.4 mol/L (35 per cent) higher than those with alcohol consumption >21.4g/d, but non-smokers (interaction p=0.008). Conclusion In this women sample with low prevalence of serum folate deficiency (5.1 per cent), lifestyle factors, especially smoking and alcohol consumption, modifie the relation among food intake, polymorphisms and plasma Hcy concentration, reforcing the health recommendations to stop smoking and moderate alcohol consumption
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Kubota, Ananka Midori. "Efeito das concentrações das vitaminas (séricas e da dieta) e do polimorfismo MTHFR C677T na taxa de metilação global do DNA durante o período gestacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-27112008-100059/.
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A cobalamina (vitamina B12) e o ácido fólico são nutrientes essenciais para síntese de DNA, metionina e S-adenosilmetionina (SAM). A SAM é uma potente doadora de grupo metil necessário nas reações de metilação do DNA. Deficiências dessas vitaminas podem comprometer as concentrações da SAM e, indiretamente, a metilação do DNA. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito das concentrações de vitaminas (no sangue e na dieta), metabólitos (no soro) e do polimorfismo MTHFR C677T na taxa de metilação global do DNA. Participaram do estudo 103 gestantes, das quais foram colhidas amostras de sangue nas idades gestacionais de 16, 28 e 36 semanas. Foram realizadas as determinações dos valores de folato eritrocitário, e das concentrações séricas de folato, cobalamina, vitamina B6, homocisteína (tHcy), metionina, ácido metilmalônico (MMA), SAM e S-adenosilhomocisteína (SAH), além genotipagem para o polimorfismo MTHFR C677T por PCR-RFLP. A taxa de metilação global do DNA foi avaliada indiretamente por reação de extensão usando [3H]dCTP. Para avaliação nutricional foi aplicado um inquérito recordatório de 24 horas no dia de cada coleta. Devido ao uso de suplementação com ácido fólico e/ou polivitamínicos, as participantes foram classificadas em quatro grupos: grupo 1 (50 gestantes que não usaram suplementação); grupo 2 (14 mulheres que fizeram uso de suplementos nas três idades gestacionais); grupo 3 (21 participantes que usaram suplementação até a 16ª semana de gravidez) e grupo 4 (10 gestantes que utilizaram suplementação nas idades gestacionais de 16 e 28 semanas apenas). A taxa de metilação global do DNA foi menor na 28ª semana de gravidez quando comparada àquelas encontradas nas 16 e 36ª semanas em todos os grupos estudados. No grupo 1, as seguintes variáveis: concentrações de folato eritrocitário, vitamina B6 sérica, MMA, SAM, creatinina, vitamina B6 da dieta, proteínas de carnes (dieta), idade gestacional de 36 semanas e o genótipo CT + TT do polimorfismo MTHFR C677T foram associadas com a taxa de metilação do DNA, bem como as interações entre os genótipos CT + TT e folato eritrocitário ou sérico ou SAM; entre folato sérico e vitamina B6; entre creatinina e MMA ou vitamina B6 da dieta, e entre SAM e proteínas de carnes da dieta. As interações entre: 1 - menores concentrações de folato sérico e baixa ingestão de ácido fólico; 2 - maiores concentrações de MMA e baixa ingestão de vitamina B6; 3 - idade gestacional de 36 semanas e genótipo CT + TT do polimorfismo C677T no gene MTHFR foram associadas ao maior risco de apresentar menores taxas de metilação global do DNA no grupo 1.Cobalamin (B12 vitamin) and folic acid are essential nutrients to DNA, methionine and S-adenosylmethinone (SAM) synthesis. SAM, the main methyl group donator, is necessary to DNA methylation reactions. Cobalamin and folic acid deficiencies might implicate SAM concentrations and, moreover, DNA methylation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of serum vitamin and metabolites, vitamin intake and MTHFR C677T genetic polymorphism on global DNA methylation. Blood samples from 103 pregnant women were collected at gestational age of 16, 28 and 36 weeks. Red blood cell folate levels (RBC fol), and serum concentrations of folate (Fol), cobalamin, B6 vitamin, homocysteine (tHcy), methionine, methylmalonic acid (MMA), SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were evaluated. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP. A radiolabeled [3H]dCTP extension assay was used to assess the level of global DNA methylation. Nutrient intake was assessed by 24 hour dietary recall applied at 16, 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. According to folic acid and/or multivitamins supplementation, women were classified in four groups: group 1 (50 women with no supplementation); group 2 (14 subjects who took supplements at three gestational ages); group 3 (21 women which took supplements until 16 weeks of pregnancy) and group 4 (10 subjects that took supplements at gestational ages of 16 and 28 weeks, but not at 36 weeks). Global DNA methylation level was lower at 28 weeks compared with 16 or 36 weeks.of pregnancy in women from four studied groups. In the group 1, not only values of RBC fol; serum concentrations of B6 vitamin, MMA, SAM and creatinine; vitamin B6 and meat protein intake; gestational age of 36 weeks and MTHFR 677T allele (CT+TT genotypes) were related to global DNA methylation in these women, but also interactions between MTHFR 677T allele and RBC fol or serum Fol or SAM; among serum Fol and B6 vitamin; between creatinine and MMA or vitamin B6 intake; and among SAM and meat protein intake. The following interactions between: 1 - lower serum Fol concentration and lower folate intake; 2 - higher serum MMA concentration and lower B6 vitamin intake; and 3 - gestational age of 36 weeks and MTHFR 677T allele were associated with higher risk of global DNA hypomethylation in pregnant women from group 1.
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Furtmayr, Holger, and Andreas Frewer. "Das Istanbul-Protokoll und die Dokumentation von Folter." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3603/.
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I. Einleitung
II. Die Problematik der Folter und ihrer Dokumentation
III. Zur Entstehung des Istanbul-Protokolls
IV. Struktur und Gliederung des Textes
V. Inhalte und Prinzipien des Istanbul-Protokolls
VI. Umsetzung und Implementierung
VII. Schlußüberlegungen
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Kochersperger, Philip [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Palme. "Metabolic characterization of folate precursor pABA uncovers its folate independent activity on root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana = Die metabolische Charackterisierung der Folsäure-Vorstufe pABA enthüllt dessen Folsäure-unabhängige Aktivität auf das Wurzelwachstum von Arabidopsis thaliana." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1123469350/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Folate diet"
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Bailey, Lynn B. Folate in health and disease. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.
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1948-, Bailey Lynn B., ed. Folate in health and disease. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.
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Board, Food and Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, and Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academies Press, 2000.
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Board, Food and Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, and Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate Other B. Vitamins and Choline Standing. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academies Press, 2000.
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Bunch, Chris. Deficiency anaemias. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0279.
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This chapter addresses the diagnosis, investigation, and management of anaemia due to a deficiency in iron, vitamin B12, or folate. Erythropoiesis requires an adequate supply of iron for haem formation, as well as vitamin B12 and folic acid (folate) to support high levels of DNA synthesis, and a lack of any of these will result in anaemia. Iron-deficient anaemias are typically microcytic, while a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folate results in megaloblastic haemopoiesis and a macrocytic anaemia. Iron deficiency results from poor dietary iron intake, poor absorption, increased demands, blood loss, or combinations of these. The usual cause of severe vitamin B12 deficiency in Western countries is an autoimmune atrophic gastritis, in which there is a loss of gastric parietal cell numbers and an absence of intrinsic factor production, which effectively prevents vitamin B12 absorption. This is the classical pernicious anaemia, and it is often seen in association with other autoimmune disorders. Folate deficiency may result from poor diet, malabsorption, or when demand for folate is increased, for example, during pregnancy, or with increased haemopoiesis in haemolytic anaemias or myeloproliferative disorders.
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Blom, Henk J., Mirian C. H. Janssen, and Manuel Schiff. Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency or Classical Homocystinuria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0019.
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Inherited homocystinurias have in common accumulation of homocysteine and encompass two distinctive entities: classical homocystinuria due to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency and the rare inborn errors of cobalamin and folate metabolism. The natural history of CBS deficiency, the subject of this chapter, is well described compared to the other forms of homocystinurias. Untreated patients may be asymptomatic or have one or more of the following symptoms: severe mental handicaps, psychiatric disturbances, ectopia lentis, osteoporosis, Marfanoid habitus, or thromboembolic complications. Current treatment options are based on therapy with vitamin B6, folate, B12, or betaine and institution of a protein- or methionine-restricted diet.
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Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes., Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline., and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients., eds. DRI, dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Folate diet"
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Laing, M. "Skin cancer and folate metabolism." In Handbook of diet, nutrition and the skin, 380–93. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-729-5_23.
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Mattson, Mark P., Inna I. Kruman, and Wenzhen Duan. "Dietary Folate, B Vitamins and The Brain: The Homocysteine Connection." In Diet - Brain Connection, 105–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1067-3_7.
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Beckett, Emma L., Mark Lucock, Martin Veysey, and Bonnie R. Joubert. "Maternal Folate and DNA Methylation in Offspring." In Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, 1727–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_3.
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Beckett, Emma L., Mark Lucock, Martin Veysey, and Bonnie R. Joubert. "Maternal Folate and DNA Methylation in Offspring." In Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_3-1.
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Lévesque, Nancy, Daniel Leclerc, and Rima Rozen. "Folate and Epigenetics: Colorectal Cancer Risk and Detection." In Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, 61–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_93.
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Lévesque, Nancy, Daniel Leclerc, and Rima Rozen. "Folate and Epigenetics: Colorectal Cancer Risk and Detection." In Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_93-1.
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Altmäe, S., M. Laanpere, C. Campoy, and A. Salumets. "27. Folate and female infertility: folate-metabolizing pathway in folliculogenesis, infertility treatment, and implantation." In Handbook of diet and nutrition in the menstrual cycle, periconception and fertility, 431–48. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-767-7_27.
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Haliloglu, Berna, and Hakan Peker. "Postmenopausal Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Folate Levels and Bone Metabolism: A Focus on Fractures." In Nutrition and Diet in Menopause, 91–99. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-373-2_7.
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Guéant, Jean-Louis, and Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez. "Maternal Folate, Methyl Donors, One-Carbon Metabolism, Vitamin B12 and Choline in Foetal Programming." In Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming, 293–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60289-9_22.
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Rimm, E. B. "Folate and Vitamin B6 from Diet and Supplements in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Women." In Forum of Nutrition, 42–45. Basel: KARGER, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059460.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Folate diet"
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Wang, Jianming, Hengchuan Xue, and Hongbing Shen. "Abstract 3128: Diet folate, DNA methylation and genetic polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3128.
Full textReports on the topic "Folate diet"
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Döring, Thomas. Fiskalföderalismus und gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Grundlegender Reformbedarf des österreichischen Finanzausgleichssystems. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627321.
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Aus Sicht der Theorie des Fiskalföderalismus folgt die Ausgestaltung der Finanzausgleichsbeziehungen –verstanden als die Gesamtheit der Regelungen, welche die Zuordnung von Aufgaben, Ausgaben und Einnahmen zwischen den Ebenen (Bund, Länder und Kommunen) eines föderativen Staates betreffen –traditionell sowohl Allokations- als auch Verteilungsüberlegungen. Unter dem Allokationsziel steht dabei die Effizienz des staatlichen Leistungsangebots mittels Dezentralisierung der öffentlichen Aufgabenerfüllung im Vordergrund. Dem liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass die teilweise Aufgabenwahrnehmung durch dezentrale Staatseinheiten (Länder und Kommunen) in der Summe ebenso wie im Zusammenspiel (dezentraler Wettbewerb) zu einer Wohlfahrtssteigerung innerhalb einer Volkswirtschaft führt. Die partielle Dezentralisierung staatlicher Hoheitsgewalt beeinflusst dabei die gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung insofern, als sie zu einer verbesserten Ressourcenallokation und damit zu einer Begrenzung der Staatsquote beiträgt. Unter dem Verteilungsziel dient das Finanzausgleichssystem demgegenüber der Realisierung räumlicher Ausgleichsziele. Neben der vertikalen Finanzmittelverteilung zwischen den Staatsebenen (Bund, Länder, Kommunen) steht hierbei vor allem der horizontale Finanzausgleich zwischen einzelnen Ländern und Kommunen im Mittelpunkt der Ausgestaltung der föderalen Finanzbeziehungen. Aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht dient der Fiskalföderalismus hierbei der Realisierung einer gleichmäßigeren Wohlstandsverteilung zwischen den Regionen einer Volkswirtschaft. Zusätzlich zum Allokations-und Verteilungsziel sehen Föderalismus und Finanzausgleich sich aktuell zudem mit neuen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Dies betrifft beispielsweise die Probleme der zukünftigen demographischen Entwicklung mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die Bereitstellung und Finanzierung öffentlicher (Infrastruktur-)Leistungen insbesondere im ländlichen Raum. Dies betrifft vor allem jedoch die Veränderung ökonomischer Wachstumsprozesse aufgrund einer zunehmenden wirtschaftlichen Integration auf europäischer wie auf globaler Ebene, was eine Umorientierung in Richtung der Schaffung eines föderalen Handlungsrahmens zur Unterstützung einer dynamischen Wirtschaftsentwicklung im Raum erforderlich macht. Dem liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass die Sicherung gesamtwirtschaftlichen Wachstums vor allem im Wecken und Unterstützen regionaler wie lokaler Entwicklungspotenziale besteht, dem auch die Gestaltung der föderalen Finanzbeziehungen Rechnung zu tragen hat. Mit Blick auf das bestehende Finanzausgleichssystem in Österreich ist dabei festzustellen, dass es in allen drei genannten Zieldimensionen (Allokation, Verteilung, Wachstum) über mehr oder weniger große Defizite verfügt. So gilt die föderale Aufgaben-, Ausgaben-und Einnahmenverteilung aufgrund ihrer ausgeprägten Zentralisierung und Aufgabenverflechtung nicht nur als vergleichsweise ineffizient. Zudem steht zu befürchten, dass die vorrangig am Ziel der „Herstellung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse“ ausgerichtete Gestaltung der Finanzausgleichsbeziehungen dazu geführt hat, dass lokale und regionale Wachstumspotentiale, die für die gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung Österreichs bedeutsam sind, nicht in hinreichendem Maße ausgeschöpft werden.
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Döring, Thomas, and Franziska Rischkowsky. Umweltzerstörung als Folge von Markt und Wirtschaftswachstum? – Kritische Anmerkungen zur aktuellen Postwachstumsdebatte. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627536.
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In Anbetracht der Korrelation von materieller Wohlstandsentwicklung und negativer Beeinträchtigung der Umweltqualität überrascht es nicht, dass das Leitbild eines stetigen Wirtschaftswachstums zunehmend auf Kritik stößt. Diese Kritik mündet in die Debatte um die Notwendigkeit und Ausgestaltung einer sog. Postwachstumsgesellschaft. Nachfolgend werden vor diesem Hintergrund zunächst bekannte Ansätze, die sich entweder kritisch mit dem Wachstumsparadigma auseinandersetzen oder den Zustand des „Postwachstums“ bereits erreicht sehen, in ihren Kernaussagen dargestellt (Kapitel 2). In einem zweiten Schritt folgt eine Diskussion dieser unterschiedlichen Ansätze einer Postwachstumsgesellschaft (Kapitel 3), um dabei zum einen die in diesen Ansätzen enthaltene Darstellung der inhärenten Funktionslogik und Auswirkungen eines auf Wachstum ausgerichteten Marktsystems herauszuarbeiten (Kapitel 3.1). Darüber hinaus werden die aus den Postwachstumsansätzen abgeleiteten Schlussfolgerungen einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen (Kapitel 3.2), um eine angemessene Antwort auf die Frage geben zu können, ob die zunehmende Umweltzerstörung das Ergebnis eines systematischen Defekts einer Wirtschaftswachstum erzeugenden Marktwirtschaft oder das Ergebnis eines (anhaltenden) Politikversagens ist. Anstelle eines Fazits schließt der Beitrag mit ausgewählten Fallbeispielen, um die These vom Politik- anstelle eines Marktversagens zu stützen (Kapitel 4).
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Döring, Thomas. Verhaltensökonomische Aspekte staatlicher Ausgabenpolitik. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627499.
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Der vorliegende Beitrag hat das Ziel, einen Überblick zu vorhandenen verhaltensökonomischen Untersuchungen zur Wahrnehmung; Wirkungsweise und politischen Gestaltung öffentlicher Ausgaben zu liefern. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt zunächst eine Darstellung zentraler Erkenntnisse der Verhaltensökonomik, soweit diese für die Analyse der Staatsausgaben von Bedeutung sind (Kapitel 2). Auf der Grundlage dieser allgemeinen Ausführungen wird anschließend dargelegt, wie perzipierte Vorteile, Dringlichkeitseinschätzungen und Fairnesserwägungen die subjektive Wahrnehmung staatlicher Ausgaben aus Sicht der Nutznießer öffentlicher Leistungen beeinflussen (Kapitel 3.1). In weiterer Folge wird verdeutlicht, dass die gängige effizienz-, verteilungs- und stabilitätsbezogene Wirkungsanalyse staatlicher Ausgabentätigkeit ohne eine zusätzliche verhaltensökonomische Fundierung unvollständig ist, da bedeutsame individuelle Anpassungsreaktionen an ausgabenpolitische Impulse unberücksichtigt bleiben (Kapitel 3.2). Letzteres kann auch mit Blick auf die subjektive Wahrnehmung öffentlicher Ausgaben festgestellt werden, die – abweichend von der Vorstellung eines vollständig rationalen Verhaltens – nicht selten durch „Verzerrungen“ wie die bereits erwähnte Fiskalillusion oder den Flypaper-Effekt gekennzeichnet sind (Kapitel 3.3). Komplettiert wird der Überblick durch eine Betrachtung des (ausgaben-)politischen Willensbildungsprozesses, der aus verhaltensökonomischer Sicht nur unzureichend durch bestehende politökonomische Ansätze erklärt werden kann und daher um eine Analyse der psychologischen Bestimmungsfaktoren politischen Verhaltens ergänzt werden sollte (Kapitel 3.4). Der Beitrag schließt mit einigen weiteren ausgabenpolitischen Schlussfolgerungen (Kapitel 4).
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Filiz, Ibrahim. Emotionen und Risikoexponierung: Der Einfluss positiver und negativer Affekte auf Portfolioentscheidungen. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627673.
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Diese experimentelle Untersuchung wendet sich der Frage zu, ob positive und negative Affekte einen Einfluss auf das Diversifikationsverhalten haben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass nur ein kleiner Teil der Probanden dem Rationalkalkül folgt und stets das optimale Portfolio wählt. Ferner zeigt sich, dass die Stimmungs-lage der Wirtschaftssubjekte einen Einfluss auf ihre Portfolioentscheidungen und somit auch auf ihre Risikoexponierung hat. Das durchschnittliche Risiko der Portfolios – gemessen an der Standardabweichung der Renditen – fällt im Treatment „Neutral“ deutlich niedriger aus als im Treatment „Positiv“ und im Treatment „Negativ“.
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Klemt, Myrjam. Haltung = Handlung? Inwieweit entsprechen sich Haltung und Handlung bezüglich des nachhaltigen Kleidungskonsums? Bachelorarbeit an der Universität Göttingen. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627765.
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Angesichts des gegenwärtigen Trends eines zunehmenden Diskurses über einen nachhaltigen Lebensstil, den politischen Debatten um die bestehende Ressourcenknappheit und der globalen anthropogenen Erderwärmung, verfügen diese drei Konstrukte über eine Konstante. Diese Thematiken vereint, dass der Mensch als Akteur die Verantwortung für diese Entwicklungen zu tragen hat. Der Dringlichkeit zu handeln bewusst, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die Intention nachhaltig zu Handeln mit der wirklichen Umsetzung übereinstimmt. In Form einer Online-Umfrage zum Thema nachhaltigen Konsum von Kleidung wurden Primärdaten generiert, die es im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit zu analysieren gilt. Dieser Vorgang hat zum Ziel, die Forschungsfrage inwieweit sich Intention und Handlung, in Hinblick auf nachhaltigen Konsum von Kleidungsstücken entsprechen, eigenständig zu konzeptualisieren und zu beantworten. Die damit verbundenen Erkenntnisse offerieren neue Handlungschancen, um ein nachhaltigeres Konsumverhalten in Bezug auf Kleidung in einem gesellschaftlichen Kontext zu ermöglichen. Die Gliederung der Arbeit orientiert sich an einem thematischen Aufbau, der das Verständnis dieser Thematik uneingeschränkt zulässt. Zunächst wird im Rahmen des theoretischen Teils über den entsprechenden Forschungsstand der Wissenschaft informiert. Im Weiteren wird die zugrundeliegende Fragestellung skizziert und die damit einhergehenden Forschungshypothesen hergeleitet. Diese drei Forschungshypothesen ermöglichen im Weiteren analytischen Verlauf letztlich die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage. Es folgt der empirische Teil, welcher die Forschungsmethode beschreibt und vertiefend die Durchführung und die Auswertungsmethoden veranschaulicht. Bezüglich dessen wird auch die Operationalisierung thematisiert, welche die Realität in Form von Items messbar macht. Um die erlangten Informationen in Verbindung mit der übergeordneten Fragestellung zu setzen, müssen bezüglich der Ergebnisanalyse, zunächst die Daten deskriptiv skizziert werden. Folgend werden im Rahmen linearer und einer multiplen Regression hypothesenprüfende Ergebnisse generiert. Auf Grundlage dieser, wird die Beantwortung der vorangestellten Forschungsfrage ermöglicht. Es gilt die Ergebnisse zunächst zusammen zu tragen, um die Interpretation in den aktuellen Forschungsstand einzuordnen. Anschließend wird die eigene Forschungsmethodik einer kritischen Reflexion unterzogen, um somit mögliche Optimierungsmöglichkeiten zu benennen und weiteren Handlungsbedarf kenntlich zu machen. Konzeptualisiert werden die empirischen Ergebnisse in Form des abschließenden Fazits, welches sich auch Bereichen widmet in denen potenzieller Handlungsbedarf benannt wird. Im besten Fall lädt diese Arbeit und die damit verbundenen neuen empirischen Erkenntnisse ein, Handlungsräume in Bezug auf Determinanten wie Moral, Information und Preis neu zu bewerten, um nachhaltigen Kleidungskonsum zu ermöglichen. Auf dieser Grundlage könnten sich geeignetere Strategien im Rahmen weitergehender Forschung entwickeln lassen, um nachhaltiges Verhalten tiefgreifender zu ermöglichen und damit einen gesellschaftlichen Beitrag leisten zu können.
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Aigner-Walder, Birgit, and Thomas Döring. Einfluss des Alters auf private Verkehrsausgaben - ein europäischer Vergleich. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627505.
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Bezogen auf die vorliegenden statistischen Daten zur Altersstruktur gibt es kaum ein Land, in dem die Alterung der Bevölkerung nicht unmittelbar sichtbar ist. Der langfristige Wandel der Bevölkerungsstruktur von einer jungen hin zu einer alternden Gesellschaft – auch unter dem Begriff des demografischen Wandels bekannt – ist ein weltweit zu beobachtendes Phänomen. Diese Entwicklung wird durch eine Verringerung der Fertilitätsrate (Anzahl der Geburten je Frau) in Verbindung mit einem Anstieg der Lebenserwartung bewirkt (vgl. Schimany, 2003: 16). Die zunehmende Alterung der Bevölkerung wird mit unterschiedlichen ökonomischen Effekten verbunden sein. So wird etwa der Anstieg des Anteils an älterer Bevölkerung zu einem Rückgang des Anteils an Personen im erwerbsfähigen Alter führen, was mit spezifischen Herausforderungen nicht allein für den Arbeitsmarkt, sondern auch für die Produktivitätsentwicklung sowie die Entwicklung der öffentlichen Einnahmen und Ausgaben verbunden sein wird. Unabhängig von diesen erwarteten gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungstrends und damit verbundenen Herausforderungen ist davon auszugehen, dass die Alterung der Bevölkerung sich ebenso auf das Konsumverhalten der Bevölkerung auswirken wird. So konsumieren ältere im Vergleich zu jüngeren Menschen andere Güter und Dienstleistungen. Zugleich variiert die Höhe der gesamten Konsumausgaben über den Lebenszyklus hinweg. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der vorliegende Beitrag der Fragestellung nach, mit welchen Veränderungen durch den demografischen Wandel bezogen auf die private Nachfrage nach verkehrsbezogenen Gütern und Dienstleistungen gerechnet werden muss. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst vorliegende theoretische Überlegungen ebenso wie bereits vorhandene empirische Befunde bezogen auf altersbedingte Unterschiede im Konsumverhalten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verkehrsbereichs näher betrachtet (Kapitel 2). Im Anschluss daran erfolgt eine Erläuterung der verwendeten statistischen Daten für die empirische Auswertung des vorliegenden Beitrags (Kapitel 3). Es folgt eine Darstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse bezogen auf das Niveau verkehrs-bezogener Ausgaben der privaten Haushalte innerhalb der EU über den Lebenszyklus hinweg (Kapitel 4), bevor in einem weiteren Schritt die entsprechenden Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Struktur verkehrsbezogener Konsumaus-gaben präsentiert werden (Kapitel 5). Der Beitrag schließt mit einigen Überlegungen zu den möglichen Gründen und weiteren Auswirkungen des empirisch beobachtbaren Entwicklungstrends.
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Döring, Thpmas, and Franziska Rischkowsky. Finanzwissenschaftliche Bewertung des Ausschöpfungsgrads von Gewerbe- und Grundsteuer in Rheinland-Pfalz. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627437.
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Mit Blick auf Deutschland steht außer Frage, dass die im bestehenden föderativen System enthaltene Garantie der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung ein hinreichendes Maß an dezentraler Finanzautonomie voraussetzt. Die Bewältigung der den Kommunen im Rahmen der föderalen Zuständigkeitsverteilung zugewiesenen Aufgaben und das Tätigen der damit verbundenen Ausgaben sind ohne eine entsprechende Ausstattung mit Einnahmen, d.h. der Verfügbarkeit über angemessene finanzielle Mittel zur Aufgabenerfüllung, nicht möglich. Diese grundlegende Einsicht spiegelt sich bereits in Art. 28 Abs. 2 Grundgesetz (GG), wonach den Gemeinden und Gemeindeverbänden das Recht gewährleistet sein muss, „alle Angelegenheiten der örtlichen Gemeinschaft im Rahmen der Gesetze in eigener Verantwortung zu regeln“. Und weiter heißt es dort: „Die Gewährleistung der Selbstverwaltung umfasst auch die Grundlagen der finanziellen Eigenverantwortung“. Dieser im Rahmen der Grundgesetzanpassung von 1994 hinzugefügte Satz stellt nicht allein eine verfassungsrechtliche Grundlage für die Zuweisung eigener Steuerhoheiten an die kommunale Ebene durch den Bundesgesetzgeber dar. Er ist zugleich auch die grundgesetzliche Basis einer garantierten (vertikalen) Zuweisung von finanziellen Mitteln eines jeweiligen Landes an seine Kommunen und bildet damit den rechtlichen Bezugspunkt für den auf Landesebene bestehenden kommunalen Finanzausgleich, dessen Durchführung in den jeweiligen Landesverfassungen geregelt ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat auch der Verfassungsgerichtshof Rheinland-Pfalz in seinem Urteil vom 14. Februar 2012 im Rahmen des Normenkontrollverfahrens zur Änderung des Landesfinanzausgleichsgesetzes vom 12. Juni 2007 zum einen auf die Verpflichtung des Landes aus Art. 49 Abs. 6 LV hingewiesen, über den kommunalen Finanzausgleich eine „angemessene Finanzausstattung“ der Kommunen zur Erfüllung pflichtiger wie freiwilliger Selbstverwaltungsaufgaben zu gewährleisten. Zugleich wird vom Verfassungsgerichtshof zum anderen aber auch darauf verwiesen, dass als wesentliche Grundlage für einen funktionsfähigen Finanzausgleich „die Kommunen ihre eigenen Einnahmequellen angemessen auszuschöpfen und Einsparpotentiale bei der Aufgabenwahrnehmung zu verwirklichen“ haben. Als unmittelbare Folge aus dieser vom Verfassungsgerichtshof formulierten Anforderung an die kommunale Einnahmenpolitik kann das Land „im Gegenzug für seinen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der kommunalen Finanzkrise verlangen, dass auch die Kommunen ihre Kräfte größtmöglich anspannen“ (ebenda). Auch wenn die zurückliegend formulierten Anforderungen auf sämtliche Kommunen in Deutschland zutreffen, soll im vorliegenden Beitrag beispielhaft die aktuelle Klage eines Teils der Kommunen des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz, der zufolge die Regelungen des Landesfinanzausgleichsgesetzes für das Jahr 2014 als nicht ausreichend gelten, um die Vorgaben aus dem Urteil des Verfassungsgerichtshofs vom 14. Februar 2012 zu erfüllen, zum Anlass für eine entsprechende Überprüfung der Einnahmenpolitik der Städte und Gemeinden des Landes genommen werden. Hierbei wird sich auf eine Analyse der bestehenden Finanzierungsspielräume im Bereich der sogenannten Realsteuern (Gewerbesteuer, Grundsteuer B, Grundsteuer A) als jenen kommunalen Einnahmequellen konzentriert, die bekanntermaßen mit Abstand zu den bedeutendsten Einnahmequellen von Städten und Gemeinden zählen, die von diesen eigenverantwortlich gestaltet werden können. Ziel der nachfolgenden Untersuchung ist folglich die Fragestellung, ob die rheinland-pfälzischen Kommunen die ihnen im Rahmen der Realsteuerpolitik zur Verfügung stehenden Möglichkeiten zur Finanzierung ihrer Haushalte in angemessenem Umfang in den zurückliegenden Jahren ausgeschöpft haben. Als Betrachtungszeitraum für die empirische Analyse werden dabei die Jahre 2007 bis 2013 zugrunde gelegt, wobei immer dann, wenn Daten der amtlichen Statistik auch für 2014 bereits verfügbar sind, diese in die Betrachtung mit einbezogen werden.