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Journal articles on the topic 'Folds and igneous intrusives'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

F.E., Okpikoro, and Olorunniwo M.A. "SEISMIC SEQUENCE ARCHITECTURE AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA CHAD (BORNU) BASIN." Continental J. Earth Sciences 5, no. 2 (2010): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833395.

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An elucidation of the seismic sequence architecture and assessment of the various structural trapping features common in Northeastern Nigeria Chad Basin were carried out in this study. The Chad Basin has proven petroleum reserves in sectors of other bounding countries and not same in the Nigerian sector of it. The analysis and interpretation of the data set comprising seismic reflection time sections and well logs encompassed seismic stratigraphy, structural and log-sequence stratigraphy. This was aimed at establishing the sequence architecture and trapping mechanisms in relation to the petrol

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2

Widagdo, Asmoro, Hari Wiki Utama, Gentur Waluyo, Indra Permanajati, Maulana Rizki Aditama, and FX Anjar Trilaksono. "Tectonic control on dyke and sill intrusions of active tectonic margine, case study in Cilacap area, Central Java Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 402 (2024): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440203006.

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Control of geological structures on the presence of dyke and sill intrusions in the Cilacap-Central Java area requires explanation. The research was conducted through a series of fieldwork. Field research is carried out by measuring geological structural elements such as rock layers, joints, faults and folds. Geological and cross-sectional maps provide information on the distribution of igneous rock intrusions in the study area. Fault analysis produces information on the stresses forming the geological structure in the study area. Thus the relationship between the distribution of igneous intru

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3

Schiøtte, L. "Field occurrence and petrology of deformed metabasite bodies in the Rinkian mobile belt, Umanak district, West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 141 (December 31, 1988): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v141.8053.

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Tabular, pod-shaped and irregular discordant metabasite bodies intruding the Archaean gneisses in the Umanak district constitute a series of tholeiitic layered intrusions. The magma evolution was controlled by fractional crystallisation of olivine and Cr-spinel in the initial stages, quickly superseded by pyroxenes. Fractional crystallisation of orthopyroxene was of major significance during most of the igneous evolution. Cumulus plagioclase came in relatively late. The metabasite bodies are remarkably well differentiated, and differentiation in a common magma reservoir prior to emplacement is

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4

Magee, Craig, Christopher A. L. Jackson, Jonathon P. Hardman, and Matthew T. Reeve. "Decoding sill emplacement and forced fold growth in the Exmouth Sub-basin, offshore northwest Australia: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration." Interpretation 5, no. 3 (2017): SK11—SK22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0133.1.

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Igneous sills emplaced at shallow levels in sedimentary basins commonly uplift the overburden and free surface. Uplift produces dome-shaped forced folds that may host economic hydrocarbon accumulations. These intrusion-induced forced folds are typically assumed to develop instantaneously, whereby the oldest onlapping strata constrain the age of sill emplacement, and accommodate the entire volume of intruded magma. However, several studies demonstrate that forced folds may grow over geologic timescales, with additional space-making mechanisms (e.g., compaction) partly accommodating the magma vo

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5

Noblett, Jeffery B. "Geology of the Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks Along South Hardscrabble Creek, Wet Mountains, Colorado." Mountain Geologist 24, no. 3 (1987): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.24.3.67.

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Proterozoic metamorphic rocks exposed along South Hardscrabble Creakier typical those in the Wet Mountains on the east side of the Ilse fault, lacking the northeast trending, 1-mr (1 6 km) wavelength folds of rocks to the west They are folded isochronally implying that this IS not a stratigraphic succession, but map units can be described and analyzed Three major units were recognized 1) amphibolite, 2) birotate gneiss, and 3) granitic gneiss Manor rock types include metagabbro and sillimanite-bearing quartzite The amphibolite and metagabbro have compositions suggesting that they originated as

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6

Clariana, Pilar, and Joaquin García-sansegundo. "Variscan structure in the eastern part of the Pallaresa massif, Axial Zone of the Pyrenees (NW Andorra). Tectonic implications." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 6 (2009): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.6.501.

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Abstract The Variscan structures of the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees are traditionally separated into the “infrastructure” and the “suprastructure” domains. Three deformation events have been recognized within Cambro-Ordovician rocks in the eastern part of the Pallaresa massif. D1 consists of a slaty cleavage (S1), and no folds have been found associated with it. The D2 event is characterized by E-W trending and north-verging recumbent folds with an associated foliation (S2) that can be observed at all scales. The S2 foliation has a horizontal orientation, and is the main foliation in the northe

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7

ROBINS, BRIAN. "The mode of emplacement of the Honningsvåg Intrusive Suite, Magerøya, northern Norway." Geological Magazine 135, no. 2 (1998): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756898008395.

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The Honningsvåg Intrusive Suite consists of several layered mafic/ultramafic intrusions and a transgressive body of igneous breccia that appears to represent a magma conduit. It is emplaced into a Silurian, flysch-type sedimentary sequence that is thermally metamorphosed to spotted slate, cordierite–andalusite or pyroxene hornfels and agmatitic migmatite. Folds and flattened reduction spots in the hornfelses suggest that emplacement took place after Caledonian deformation and development of a slaty cleavage. Tectonic rotation subsequent to emplacement has led to exposure of the Honningsvåg Int

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8

Jackson, Christopher A. L., Craig Magee, and Carl Jacquemyn. "Rift-related magmatism influences petroleum system development in the NE Irish Rockall Basin, offshore Ireland." Petroleum Geoscience 26, no. 4 (2020): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2018-020.

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Large volumes of hydrocarbons reside in volcanically influenced sedimentary basins. Despite having a good conceptual understanding of how magmatism impacts the petroleum systems of such basins, we still lack detailed case studies documenting precisely how intrusive magmatism influences, for example, trap development and reservoir quality. Here we combine 3D seismic reflection, borehole, petrographical and palaeothermometric data to document the geology of borehole 5/22-1, NE Irish Rockall Basin, offshore western Ireland. This borehole (Errigal) tested a four-way dip closure that formed to acco

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9

Luukkonen, Erkki J. "Structural and U–Pb isotopic study of late Archaean migmatitic gneisses of the Presvecokarelides, Lylyvaara, eastern Finland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 76, no. 4 (1985): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010634.

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ABSTRACTThe migmatitic gneiss complex of Lylyvaara in the eastern part of Finnish Presvecokarelides of the Baltic Shield shows evidence of a polyphase deformational and metamorphic history and of the emplacement of a number of mafic and felsic igneous intrusions at various stages during this history. Sequential structural development has been established on the bases of refolding and cross-cutting relationships. U–Pb zircon and sphene isotopic data combined with structural studies indicate that the first six deformational phases took place in late Archaean (=Presvecokarelian) times. The sevent

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10

Chacksfield, B. C., W. De Vos, L. D'Hooge, et al. "A new look at Belgian aeromagnetic and gravity data through image-based display and integrated modelling techniques." Geological Magazine 130, no. 5 (1993): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800020884.

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AbstractDigital processing and image-based display techniques have been used to generate contour and shaded-relief maps of Belgian aeromagnetic data at a scale of 1:300000 for the whole of Belgium. These highlight the important anomalies and structural trends, particularly over the Brabant Massif. North and vertically illuminated shaded-relief plots, enhanced structural belts trending west–east to northwest–southeast in the Brabant Massif and west–east to southwest–northeast in the core of the Ardennes. The principal magnetic lineaments have been identified from the shaded-relief plots and ten

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Avellar, Gabriela De Oliveira, and Egberto Pereira. "UNRAVELING MAGMATIC ACTIVITY IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS: SILLS AND RELATED BRITTLE STRUCTURES AFFECTING CAMPOS BASIN PETROLEUM SYSTEM (SE BRAZIL)." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 4, no. 4 (2019): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2019.47326.

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Historically, volcanic basins have been avoided by oil and gas companies for hydrocarbon exploration, due to high rates of unsuccessful cases, mainly when magmatic suites were unexpected. Furthermore, igneous rocks have always been considered harmful to petroleum systems. However, in the past two decades, researches regarding these systems in volcanic basins have shown a number of positive effects, as increasing permeability of tight rocks, and generation of traps. This work aims to investigate the occurrence and impacts of igneous intrusions on sedimentary basins regarding the reservoir and t

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12

Dean, Mark T., and Nicholas Turner. "Conodont Colour Alteration Index (CAI) values for the Carboniferous of Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 85, no. 3 (1994): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300003606.

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AbstractConodont elements from Scottish Carboniferous rocks have been reviewed for Colour Alteration Index(CAI) data, and most values range between 1 and 1·5. Assuming a local average geothermal gradient similar to that of today, the observed and predicted CAI values generally fit well. Only a few of the samples analysed were influenced by local igneous intrusives. The CAI range shown lies within the immature (early dry gas) to mature (perhapsmid-oil window) stages of hydrocarbon generation, and this suggests that burial maturation (where CAI values are 1-5) could account for locally generated

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13

Kos'ko, M., and E. Korago. "Review of geology of the New Siberian Islands between the Laptev and the East Siberian Seas, North East Russia." Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series 4 (September 17, 2009): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/smsps-4-45-2009.

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Abstract. The New Siberian Islands comprise De Long Islands, Anjou Islands, and Lyakhov Islands. Early Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and igneous rocks are known on the De Long Islands. Cambrian slate, siltstone, mudstone and silicified limestone occur on Bennett Island. Ordovician volcanogenic turbidites, lavas, and small intrusions of andesite-basalt, basalt, dolerite, and porphyritic diorite were mapped on Henrietta Island. The igneous rocks are of calc-alkaline island arc series. The Ordovician age of the sequence was defined radiometrically. Early Paleozoic strata were faulted

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14

Sparlin, Mark A., and Richard D. Lewis. "Interpretation of the magnetic anomaly over the Omaha Oil Field, Gallatin County, Illinois." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 7 (1994): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443665.

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A 40 nanoTesla (nT) magnetic anomaly identified in an aeromagnetic survey over southern Illinois contours as a localized magnetic high on the west flank of a regional magnetic low. This magnetic anomaly is generally coincident with the Omaha Oil Field in northwest Gallatin County, Illinois. It was initially assumed that cultural sources of steel associated with this oil field were the primary source of the magnetic feature; however, similar oil fields overflown by the survey do not exhibit magnetic anomalies in the data set. The Luther Rister et ux ♯1 well, drilled near the apex of the Omaha s

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15

Ritchie, J. D., J. L. Swallow, J. G. Mitchell, and A. C. Morton. "Jurassic ages from intrusives and extrusives within the Forties igneous province." Scottish Journal of Geology 24, no. 1 (1988): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg24010081.

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16

Lakshminarayana, G., S. Bhattacharjee, and Ajit Kumar. "Palaeocurrents and Depositional Setting in the Banganapalle Formation, Kurnool Sub-Basin, Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh." Journal Geological Society of India 53, no. 2 (1999): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1999/530213.

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Abstract Palaeocurrents of the diamondiferous Banganapalle Formation show convergence towards Nandyal depression in the Kurnool Sub-basin. Localised depocentres, separated by E-W trending ridges, are identified near Kurnool, Paniam, Uppalapadu and Proddatur. These ridges pass through Gani, Banganapalle and Gandikota and have influenced sediment dispersal pattern in the Banganapalle Formation. Provenance for the Banganapalle Formation was mainly the intrabasinal tract occupied by lower Cuddapah sediments, igneous intrusives and the basement located to the west. Deposition commenced in an alluvi

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17

Lynas, B. D. T., C. C. Rundle, and R. W. Sanderson. "A note on the age and pyroxene chemistry of the igneous rocks of the Shelve Inlier, Welsh Borderland." Geological Magazine 122, no. 6 (1985): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800032040.

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AbstractGeological survey, electron microprobe analyses of clinopyroxenes and isotopic age determinations have revealed that the intrusive dolerites and basic–intermediate lavas of the Shelve Ordovician Inlier are part of a co-magmatic suite which show transitional affinities between tholeiites and alkali basalts. The ages of most of the intrusives are shown to be mid-Ordovician.

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18

Ogunyele, Abimbola, Olatunde Adegbuyi, Miracle Odindu, and Tunde Erinfolami. "Geochemical Characteristics and Petrogenesis of Basement Rocks in Idoani Area, Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 5, no. 2 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v5i2.8377.

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Idoani area of Ondo State is an extension of the Upper Proterozoic Igarra Schist Belt of the Southwestern Nigerian Basement Complex. The area comprises mainly of metasedimentary rocks with subordinate amount of intrusives. Quartz-mica schist, phyllite, quartzite and banded gneiss are the dominant rock types in the area. These metasediments are intruded by the Older granite and other minor intrusives (pegmatite, aplite, dolerite dyke, quartz vein). Idoani rocks, as revealed by petrographic studies, are rich in quartz, alkali and plagioclase feldspars and mica with a low amount of opaque mineral

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19

Feininger, Tomas, and Alan K. Goodacre. "The eight classical Monteregian hills at depth and the mechanism of their intrusion." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 9 (1995): 1350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-109.

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The eight classical Monteregian hills are monadnocks on the St. Lawrence Lowlands and adjacent Appalachian foothills in a swath that sweeps 80 km eastward from Montréal. Gravity anomalies suggest the presence of about 200 km3 of mafic and ultramafic Monteregian rocks at depth. Mounts Royal, Saint-Bruno, and Rougemont are interpreted to be pluglike intrusions atop large laccoliths that were fed by magma that spread laterally along the buried Precambrian–Paleozoic unconformity. Mounts Saint-Hilaire, Saint-Grégoire, and Yamaska lie at higher stratigraphic levels in flat-lying sedimentary host roc

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20

Klötzli, Urs, Jolanta Burda, Qiu-Li Li, et al. "Petrochronological Evidence for a Three-Stage Magmatic Evolution of the Youngest Nepheline Syenites from the Ditrău Alkaline Massif, Romania." Minerals 12, no. 5 (2022): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050657.

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The Ditrău Alkaline Massif (DAM) is an igneous massif in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains of Romania. Numerous geochronological and geochemical studies have proposed a long formation history (ca. 70 m.y.) of the DAM from Middle Triassic to Cretaceous times, which is hardly reconcilable with geochemical evolutionary models and the geotectonic environment during the Mesozoic in this part of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains. In order to put tighter age constraints on the igneous processes forming the DAM, two nepheline syenites from the so-called Ghiduţ and Lăzarea suites were investigated. Based

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Myers, J. S. "Stratigraphy and structure of the Fiskenæsset Complex, southern West Greenland." Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 150 (January 1, 1985): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v150.6692.

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The Fiskenæsset Complex is a deformed and metamorphosed, sheet-like, layered basic instrusion. It is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a suite of anorthositic rocks which are a widespread, but fragmentary, component of the Archaean gneiss complex of Greenland. In the Fiskenæsset region these rocks can be seen to be part of a single layered intrusion which consists of seven major lithostratigraphic units. In ascending order, these units are the Lower Gabbro (50 m), Ultramafic (40 m), Lower Leucogabbro (50 m), Middle Gabbro (40 m), Upper Leucogabbro (60 m), Anorthosite (250 m) and Upper

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22

Nwachukwu, M. A., L. I. Nwosu, P. A. Uzoije, and C. A. Nwoko. "1D resistivity inversion technique in the mapping of igneous intrusives; A step to sustainable quarry development." Journal of Sustainable Mining 16, no. 4 (2017): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2017.11.001.

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23

Tewari, H. C., B. Rajendra Prasad, V. Vijaya Rao, P. R. Reddy, M. M. Dixit, and N. Madhava Rao. "Crustal Reflectivity Parameter for Deciphering the Evolutionary Processes Across the Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi Fold Belt." Journal Geological Society of India 50, no. 6 (1997): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1997/500615.

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Abstract Deep Continental Reflection Studies along the Nagaur-Jhalawar profile across the Aravalli-Delhi Fold Belt indicate that in most of the units comprising the seismic profile the lower crust (LC) lies towards west of their present surface exposures. Based on the reflectivity characteristics of the LC. which are in general agreement with the globally accepted norms, the Nagaur-Jhalawal profile can be broadly divided into five zones: 1) the moderately reflective Marwar Basin (MB), 2) the highly reflective Delhi Fold Belt (DFB), 3) the poorly reflective Bhilwara Granite Complex (BGC), 4) th

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24

Assis, Omar Sebastian, Claudia Beatriz Zaffarana, Darío Orts, et al. "Emplacement conditions and exhumation of the Varvarco Tonalite and associated plutons from the Cordillera del Viento, Southern Central Andes." Geological Magazine 159, no. 5 (2022): 645–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821001163.

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AbstractDuring the Late Cretaceous Andean orogeny, the compressive deformation associated with the shallowing of the subducting slab caused the development of the arc-related igneous rocks known as the Naunauco Belt. This study presents petrographic, mineralogical and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data for the Varvarco Intrusives (the Varvarco Tonalite, Butalón Tonalite and Radales Aplite), which crop out in the Cordillera del Viento, Neuquén Province, Argentina. The assembly of plutons was formed by mafic magma episodic injection. Amphibole and biotite compositions suggest that the Va

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Babu Rao, V. "Geological Significance of Magnetic Depth Estimates Over Western Part of Cuddapah Basin, South India." Journal Geological Society of India 38, no. 6 (1991): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1991/380607.

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Abstract Results of interpretation of magnetic total intensity anomalies, observed over the western part of the Cuddapah Basin, have shown that the magnetic sources are, mainly distributed at two levels and they are widely separated in depth. The shalJow sources ranging in depth from 400 m to 1900 m below ground are inferred to be due to shallow basement or due to basic intrusives within the basin sediments. The deeper sources ranging in depth from 5.0 to 8.0 km below ground are attributed to basic intrusives at or within the underlying bas(ment. The wide range of variation in depth to the mag

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Ukpabi, N., and E. Etuk. "Petrographic Analysis and Total organic content (TOC) of Mudstone Inclusions in Igneous Intrusives in Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria." Advances in Research 3, no. 1 (2015): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2015/11962.

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Miller, Calvin F., John M. Hanchar, Joseph L. Wooden, et al. "Source region of a granite batholith: evidence from lower crustal xenoliths and inherited accessory minerals." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007744.

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ABSTRACTLike many granites, the Late Cretaceous intrusives of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, have heretofore provided useful but poorly focused images of their source regions. New studies of lower crustal xenoliths and inherited accessory minerals are sharpening these images.Xenoliths in Tertiary dykes in this region are the residues of an extensive partial melting event. Great diversity in their composition reflects initial heterogeneity (both igneous and sedimentary protoliths) and varying amounts of melt extraction (from <10% to >70%). Mineral assemblages and thermobarometry s

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Ridgway, Jeff R., and Mark A. Zumberge. "Deep‐towed gravity surveys in the southern California Continental Borderland." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 3 (2002): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1484521.

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We surveyed two sites in the southern California continental borderland with a newly developed instrument, a towed deep ocean gravimeter—a gravity sensor that can be towed a few tens of meters above the sea floor. During its development phase, we used the instrument to survey two regions off the coast of southern California. The first was along two tracks in the San Diego Trough. The second was over a seamount‐like feature named Emery Knoll. Results of the trough survey reveal a basin with a geometry consistent with seismic data. We observed no significant density contrast across the San Diego

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Hansen, Dorthe Møller, and Joe Cartwright. "The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills." Journal of Structural Geology 28, no. 8 (2006): 1520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.04.004.

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Irwin, James J., Carlos García, Francisco Hervé, and Maureen Brook. "Geology of part of a long-lived dynamic plate margin: the coastal cordillera of north-central Chile, latitude 30°51′–31°S." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 4 (1988): 603–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-058.

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A complex composed of ultrabasic and basaltic lavas, chert, arkose, and conglomerate was assembled in the coast of north-central Chile (lat. 30°30′–31°S) prior to 200 Ma. The character of, and relationships between, the rock formations exposed here are consistent with an autochthonous evolution of this part of Chile in the last 200 Ma. Three major episodes of deformation and metamorphism have been observed in this area. The first episode (F1) produced a compositional layering (S1) and amphibolite-facies metamorphism coeval with the intrusion of an extensive igneous complex between 220 and 200

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Martínez, Amancay, Adrian Gallardo, Melisa Mulé, Aldo Giaccardi, Esteban Crespo, and David Aguilera. "New insights into the Permian-Triassic magmatism of southern Cerro Cacheuta, Argentina." Earth Sciences Research Journal 27, no. 4 (2024): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.107538.

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The igneous rocks of Cerro Cacheuta are considered a typical expression of the Permian-Triassic magmatism within the Andes Precordillera of Mendoza, Argentina. In particular, the southwestern margin of this hilltop is characterised by intermediate volcanic and felsic intrusives from the Choiyoi Group, one of the most extensive volcano-sedimentary suites of southern South America. The Choiyoi magmatism is widely associated with dramatic tectonic and environmental changes in the Gondwana supercontinent. Therefore, a better characterisation of the igneous facies of Cerro Cacheuta is critical to u

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Skilbrei, Jan Reidar, and Ola Kihle. "Display of residual profiles versus gridded image data in aeromagnetic study of sedimentary basins: A case history." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 6 (1999): 1740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444679.

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High‐pass filtered aeromagnetic profiles from the Mid‐Norwegian continental shelf, displayed as shaded relief versions of color stripes, provide a lucid picture of sedimentary layering and structure not easily displayed by proper application of modern enhancement techniques to images of the gridded aeromagnetic data. We show that when the aim is to analyze anomalies related to sedimentary features, it is more useful to study shaded relief versions of the profile data than to study digitally enhanced images of high‐pass filtered or calculated gradient data; a reason for this is probably the los

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Idris, M. A., M. L. Garba, S. A. Kasim, I. M. Madabo, and K. A. Dandago. "The role of geological structures on groundwater occurrence and flow in crystalline basement aquifers: a status review." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.27.

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The paper is review on the role of geological structures on groundwater occurrence and flow in Crystalline Basement aquifers. The aim was to study the existing available literatures in order to evaluate structural/lineaments (faults, joints/fractures, folds, shear zone etc.) their influences and controls of groundwater occurrence and flow of bedrock of crystalline rocks of igneous and/or metamorphic origin. Groundwater in the basement aquifers resides/occurs within the weathered overburden and fractured bedrocks which originate from rainfall through the process of hydrological cycle. Remote se

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Beavon, Roy V. "The role of gravity and magma in the structural evolution of a deformed Archean volcanic centre, Timmins, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 5 (1997): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-052.

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A deformed bimodal subaqueous volcanic centre in the western Archean Abitibi Subprovince of the Canadian Shield contains structures comparable with those of relatively undisturbed igneous complexes. Similarities include an annular fold pattern initiated by structural doming and downsagging of basaltic flows prior to the terminal felsic volcanism. During this cycle an ancestral dome was ruptured by a northeasterly regional graben defined by fossil fault scarps preserved beneath the terminal volcanic deposits. Fissure vents developed along the northwest boundary of the graben, gradually drained

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Mattern, Frank, Andreas Scharf, Pu-Jun Wang, et al. "Deformation of the Cambro-Ordovician Amdeh Formation (Members 1 and 2): Characteristics, Origins, and Stratigraphic Significance (Wadi Amdeh, Saih Hatat Dome, Oman Mountains)." Geosciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020048.

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The Angudan Orogeny affected Cryogenian to earliest Cambrian sedimentary rock formations of the Jabal Akhdar Dome of the Oman Mountains. These rocks were folded and cleaved at 525 ± 5 Ma. We studied the Cambro-Ordovician (Terreneuvian to Darriwillian) Amdeh Formation of the neighboring Saih Hatat Dome to see whether this formation was also affected by the Angudan Orogeny. The Angudan deformation within the Jabal Akhdar Dome is known for its folds and cleavage. Due to age considerations (see above), we studied the folds and cleavages within the two oldest members of the Amdeh Formation (Am 1 an

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Tuduri, Johann, Alain Chauvet, Luc Barbanson, et al. "The Jbel Saghro Au(–Ag, Cu) and Ag–Hg Metallogenetic Province: Product of a Long-Lived Ediacaran Tectono-Magmatic Evolution in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas." Minerals 8, no. 12 (2018): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8120592.

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The Jbel Saghro is interpreted as part of a long-lived silicic large igneous province. The area comprises two lithostructural complexes. The Lower Complex consists of folded metagreywackes and N070–090°E dextral shear zones, which roughly results from a NW–SE to NNW–SSE shortening direction related to a D1 transpressive tectonic stage. D1 is also combined with syntectonic plutons emplaced between ca. 615 and 575 Ma. The Upper Complex is defined by ash-flow caldera emplacements, thick and widespread ignimbrites, lavas and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks with related intrusives that were emplac

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Greenough, John D., and Kevin MacKenzie. "Igneous Rock Associations 18. Transition Metals in Oceanic Island Basalt: Relationships with the Mantle Components." Geoscience Canada 42, no. 3 (2015): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.071.

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Incompatible elements and isotopic ratios identify three end-member mantle components in oceanic island basalt (OIB); EM1, EM2, and HIMU. We estimate compatible to mildly incompatible transition metal abundance trends (Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, V, Mn, Sc, and Zn) in “primitive” basalt suites (Mg# = Mg/(Mg + 0.9*Fe) atomic = 0.72) from 12 end-member oceanic islands by regressing metals against Fe/Mg ratios in sample suites, and solving for concentrations at Mg/Fe = 1 (Mg# = 0.72). Using the transition metal estimates, exploratory statistics reveal that islands ‘group’ based on mantle component type e

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Goryainov, Sergey. "Tectonic position of the Ukrainian shield." 59, no. 59 (December 1, 2023): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2023-59-02.

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Statement of the general problem. The analysis of the geological structure of Europe indicates a wide development of Laramian (post-Cretaceous - pre-Cenozoic) deformations in non-Alpine regions. They are traced by the regional angular unconformity between the folded Mesozoic and non-folded Cenozoic from the Caspian Sea to Great Britain. The area of development of the Laramie folding of Europe also covers the Ukrainian shield. An unsolved part of the overall problem. The Ukrainian crystalline shield is described as "uplift of the crystalline foundation of the East European platform", where Prec

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Bhattacharya, Abhijit. "Deformation-driven emplacement-differentiation in the Closepet pluton, Dharwar Craton, South India: an alternate view." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 489, no. 1 (2019): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp489-2019-315.

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AbstractIn the Late Archean north-trending Closepet pluton, trains of euhedral K-feldspar phenocrysts and matrix-supported idiomorphic K-feldspar crystals in the central part of the pluton define oblique-to-pluton margin steep-dipping east/ENE-trending magmatic fabrics. The magmatic fabric is defined by phenocryst-rich and phenocryst-poor layers, with the euhedral porphyries continuous across the layers. The fabrics are near-orthogonal to the gently-dipping gneissic layers in the host gneisses. The fabrics curve adjacent to locally-developed north/NNE-trending melt-hosted dislocations parallel

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Cox, Simon C., and Andrew H. Allibone. "Petrogenesis of orthogneisses in the Dry Valleys region, South Victoria Land." Antarctic Science 3, no. 4 (1991): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102091000500.

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Granitoid gneisses intercalated with Koettlitz Group metasediments in the upper Ferrar, Taylor and Wright valleys of South Victoria Land comprise various hornblende+biotite orthogneisses and biotite orthogneisses, including the km-scale Dun and Calkin plutons. K-feldspar megacryst inclusion textures and discordant cross-cutting relationships with enclosing metasediments are interpreted as firm evidence of an intrusive origin for hornblende+biotite and biotite orthogneiss. The scale of several concordant orthogneiss bodies (including the Dun and Calkin plutons), the presence of mafic enclaves,

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Reinhardt, J. "Low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism in a compressional tectonic setting: Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, northeastern Australia." Geological Magazine 129, no. 1 (1992): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800008116.

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AbstractThe Mary Kathleen Fold Belt in northeastern Australia consists of highly deformed, Mid-Proterozoic sedimentary and volcanic sequences as well as intrusives, which were metamorphosed under low-pressure, high-temperature conditions. In the light of current controversy on tectono-thermal settings of low-pressure metamorphic terrains, the interrelations of progressive deformation and metamorphism have been closely examined. Remarkably, there is no direct evidence for syn-metamorphic extensional deformation nor is any significant intrusive activity recorded.Syn-metamorphic structures indica

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Serra-Varela, Samanta, Pablo D. González, Raúl E. Giacosa, et al. "Evolution of the Palaeozoic basement of the North Patagonian Andes in the San Martín de los Andes area (Neuquén, Argentina): petrology, age and correlations." Andean Geology 46, no. 1 (2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov46n1-3124.

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In San Martín de los Andes area (Argentinian Patagonia) the Palaeozoic basement consists of metamorphic and plutonic rocks. The metamorphic rocks include strongly deformed schists, gneisses and migmatites. Their geochemical and petrographic characteristics suggest that the protholith could have been a sequence of pelites and greywackes. Detrital zircon analysis (U-Pb Q-ICP-LA-MS) yielded a maximum depositional age of 501±14 Ma (Series 3 Cambrian) for this sedimentary protolith. Metasedimentary rocks are affected by a regional foliation defined by the minerals of the metamorphic peak. This is a

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Green, T. H. "Experimental phase equilibrium studies of garnet-bearing I-type volcanics and high-level intrusives from Northland, New Zealand." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300008105.

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ABSTRACTRare garnet phenocrysts and garnet-bearing xenoliths occur in high-silica, metaluminous to peraluminous andesites and dacites (and their high-level intrusive quartz diorite equivalents) from a Miocene calc-alkaline province in Northland, New Zealand. These garnets are among the most Ca-rich (17–28 mol% grossular) garnets of igneous origin so far recorded in calc-alkaline suite rocks. Associated minerals are dominant hornblende and plagioclase and minor augite, occurring as phenocrysts in xenoliths and as inclusions in the garnet. This mineralogy points to the I-type character of the ga

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Spahić, Darko, Dragan Simić, Miljan Barjaktarović, and Lidja Kurešević. "Late Cretaceous turbidite systems of southern Belgrade outskirts: Constraints on the Santonian convergence onset, evidence from the Sava Suture Zone (Guberevac-Babe, northern Šumadija, Serbia)." Geologija 67, no. 2 (2024): 217–36. https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2024.010.

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As ancient depositional systems associated with active continental margins, turbidites may provide crucial information on orogenic evolution. This paper offers new stratigraphic and structural data on one of the late Alpine turbidite systems of the Late Cretaceous age (Guberevac-Babe-Ropočevo area; Serbia). The two opposite yet juxtaposed tectonic systems were initially deposited within the Sava Suture Zone and East Vardar Zone, whereby the former experienced Upper Cretaceous contractional- and extensional-type deformations. The new biostratigraphic dating constrains the age of mapped compress

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Valín, María Luz, Susana García-López, Covadonga Brime, Fernando Bastida, and Jesús Aller. "Tectonothermal evolution in the core of an arcuate fold and thrust belt: the south-eastern sector of the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan belt, north-western Spain)." Solid Earth 7, no. 4 (2016): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1003-2016.

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Abstract. The tectonothermal evolution of an area located in the core of the Ibero-Armorican Arc (Variscan belt) has been determined by using the conodont colour alteration index (CAI), Kübler index of illite (KI), the Árkai index of chlorite (AI) and the analysis of clay minerals and rock cleavage. The area is part of the Cantabrian Zone (CZ), which represents the foreland fold and thrust belt of the orogen. It has been thrust by several large units of the CZ, what resulted in the generation of a large number of synorogenic Carboniferous sediments. CAI, KI and AI values show an irregular dist

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Thomson, Ken. "Comment on “The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills” by Hansen and Cartwright." Journal of Structural Geology 29, no. 4 (2007): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.10.009.

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Shanks, W. S., and W. M. Schwerdtner. "Structural analysis of the central and southwestern Sudbury Structure, Southern Province, Canadian Shield." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 3 (1991): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-037.

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The Sudbury Structure (SS) is an unusual crater structure which acquired its present oval surface shape during northwest-directed ductile thrusting. Lower amphibolite-facies metamorphism accompanied the thrusting which generated a major reverse shear zone. At least 50 km long, the South Range shear zone (SRSZ) transects the South Range of the Sudbury Structure and exhumes a low level of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). Assuming heterogeneous simple shear in the northwest–southeast vertical plane on northeasterly striking glide surfaces, minimal estimates of net displacement across the SRSZ e

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Clinkscales, Christopher, and Paul Kapp. "Structural style and kinematics of the Taihang-Luliangshan fold belt, North China: Implications for the Yanshanian orogeny." Lithosphere 11, no. 6 (2019): 767–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l1096.1.

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Abstract The Middle–Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous fold belts of the Yanshanian orogen in North China remain enigmatic with respect to their coeval deformation histories and possible relationship to the contemporaneous Cordilleran-style margin of eastern Asia. We present geological mapping, structural data, and a >400-km-long, strike-perpendicular balanced cross section for the Taihang-Luliangshan fold belt exposed in the late Cenozoic central Shanxi Rift. The northeast-southwest–trending Taihang-Luliangshan fold belt consists of long-wavelength folds (∼35–110 km) with ∼1–9 km of stru

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Clark, M. D., U. Riller, and W. A. Morris. "Upper-crustal, basement-involved folding in the East Range of the Sudbury Basin, Ontario, inferred from paleomagnetic data and spatial analysis of mafic dykes." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 9 (2012): 1005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e2012-045.

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Tilting of crystalline basement rocks associated with folding strain at uppermost crustal levels is difficult to recognize if basement rocks are devoid of traceable marker planes. Here we use the spatial variation in strike of Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke segments complemented by compiled paleomagnetic data to identify tilting in Archean basement rocks associated with kilometre-scale folds of the eastern Sudbury Basin, Ontario. Spatial analysis of the strike of dyke segments is consistent with generation of the NE lobe and a newly identified anticline, referred to as the West Bay Anticline, in

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Wade, C. E., J. L. Payne, K. Barovich, et al. "ZIRCON TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY AS AN INDICATOR OF MAGMA FERTILITY IN IRON OXIDE COPPER-GOLD PROVINCES." Economic Geology 117, no. 3 (2022): 703–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4886.

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Abstract Extrusive and intrusive felsic magmas occur throughout the evolution of silicic-dominated large igneous province magmatism that is temporally related to numerous economically significant iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits in southern Australia. We investigate zircon trace element signatures of the felsic magmas to assess whether zircon composition can be related to fertility of the volcanic and intrusive suites within IOCG-hosted mineral provinces. Consistent with zircon forming in oxidizing magmatic conditions, the rare earth element (REE) patterns of zircon sourced from both ext

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