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1
Kurz, Werner Alexander. "Net primary production, production allocation, and foliage efficiency in second growth douglas-fir stands with differing site quality." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29134.
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Several of the current generation of computer models which simulate biomass production in forest ecosystems require a quantitative understanding of the effects of site quality on foliage efficiency (the amount of biomass produced per unit of foliage) and on carbon partitioning between above- and belowground stand components. This study investigated changes in foliage efficiency and carbon allocation in 12 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands for which the site indices ranged from 19.5 to 41.3 m at 50 years. These stands are located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
Regression models for aboveground biomass components were developed from 39 destructively sampled Douglas-fir trees. Foliage biomass was predicted with a model which uses diameter at breast height (dbh) and a competition index as independent variables. This model predicts that stand foliage biomass stabilizes after canopy closure. Diameter and tree mortality data of the 12 Douglas-fir stands were available for 15 to 16 years, and were used to calculate aboveground and coarse root biomass and annual production estimates. In 1985, aboveground biomass in the 12 stands, with ages from 32 to 70 years, ranged from 135 to 573 Mg ha⁻¹. Coarse root biomass was estimated to be equal to 20 - 23% of aboveground biomass. In the period between 1985 and 1987, annual aboveground production (ANPP) in these 12 stands ranged from 4.7 to 16.0 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Coarse root production was estimated to be equal to 13 -16% of aboveground production.
Fine (0-2 mm) and small (2-5 mm) root biomass and production estimates were derived by analyzing soil cores collected in five of the stands on 5 to 6 sampling dates over a 12 month period. All five stands showed similar seasonal dynamics in live fine root biomass, with the highest values occurring in May and the lowest values in October. In May 1985, biomass of living fine and small roots ranged from 1.82 to 7.91 Mg ha⁻¹ and from 0.59 to 4.10 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. Three different methods of computing production and mortality were assessed. Different estimates were obtained for annual production and annual mortality in both fine and small roots, because fine root mortality exceeded production during the year which had a very dry summer. Estimates derived using one of the computational methods (decision-matrix) ranged from 1.12 to 5.14 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for fine root production and from 2.15 to 4.89 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for fine root mortality. Small root production and mortality estimates based on this computational method ranged from 0.51 to 2.22 and from 0.88 to 2.13 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively.
With increasing site index, a decreasing proportion of total production was allocated to belowground stand components. The site with the lowest site index allocated about 31 to 51% of total net production to belowground components while the site with the highest site index allocated about 23 to 30% belowground. About 56% of the variation in 72 estimates (12 stands and 6 measurement periods) of foliage efficiency based on aboveground production was accounted for by a regression model with foliage biomass and site index as independent variables. This model suggests that there is an optimum foliage biomass at which total aboveground production is maximized and that this optimum foliage biomass increases with increasing site index.
The results of this study emphasize the importance of understanding variation in canopy function and shifts in carbon allocation from above to belowground stand components. Forest ecosystem production simulation models should include an explicit representation of changes in foliage efficiency and carbon allocation patterns to be able to accurately predict the responses of forest ecosystems to changes in environmental conditions and to silvicultural treatments.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Messenger, David James. "Impact of UV light on the plant cell wall, methane emissions and ROS production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4347.
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This study presents the first attempt to combine the fields of ultraviolet (UV) photobiology, plant cell wall biochemistry, aerobic methane production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms to investigate the effect of UV radiation on vegetation foliage. Following reports of a 17% increase in decomposition rates in oak (Quercus robur) due to increased UV, which were later ascribed to changes in cell wall carbohydrate extractability, this study investigated the effects of decreased UV levels on ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a fast-growing deciduous tree species. A field experiment was set up in Surrey, UK, with ash seedlings growing under polytunnels made of plastics chosen for the selective transmission of either all UV wavelengths, UV-A only, or no UV. In a subsequent field decomposition experiment on end-of-season leaves, a significant increase of 10% in decomposition rate was found after one year due to removal of UV-B. However, no significant changes in cell wall composition were found, and a sequential extraction of carbohydrate with different extractants suggested no effects of the UV treatments on cell wall structure. Meanwhile, the first observations of aerobic production of methane from vegetation were reported. Pectin, a key cell wall polysaccharide, was identified as a putative source of methane, but no mechanism was suggested for this production. This study therefore tested the effect of UV irradiation on methane emissions from pectin. A linear response of methane emissions against UV irradiation was found. UV-irradiation of de-esterified pectin produced no methane, demonstrating esters (probably methyl esters) to be the source of the observed methane. Addition of ROS-scavengers significantly decreased emissions from pectin, while addition of ROS without UV produced large quantities of methane. Therefore, this study proposes that UV light is generating ROS which are then attacking methyl esters to create methane. The study also demonstrates that this mechanism has the potential to generate several types of methyl halides. These findings may have implications for the global methane budget. In an attempt to demonstrate ROS generation in vivo by UV irradiation, radio-labelling techniques were developed to detect the presence of oxo groups, a product of carbohydrate attack by ROS. Using NaB3H4, the polysaccharides of ash leaflets from the field experiment were radio-labelled, but did not show any significant decrease in oxo groups due to UV treatments. However, UV-irradiation of lettuce leaves showed a significant increase in radio-labelling, suggesting increased UV irradiation caused an increase in the production of ROS. The study shows that the use of this radio-labelling technique has the potential to detect changes in ROS production due to changes in UV levels and could be used to demonstrate a link between ROS levels and methane emissions.
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Jordan, Daniel L. "IMPACT OF HIGH-INPUT PRODUCTION PRACTICES ON SOYBEAN YIELD." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/36.
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High-input management practices are often heavily marketed to producers to increase soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] yield in already high-yielding environments. Field research was conducted in three locations within 6 states (Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, and Minnesota) in 2009 to determine the effect of seed treatment, inoculant, foliar fungicide, additional soil fertility beyond state recommendations, foliar fertilizer, increased population over state recommendations, and narrow row spacing on yield. The high-input system (combination of the management practices) yielded higher than standard-input system (University recommended management practices) in only 8 of the 18 locations. Narrow rows, in both the high and standard-input systems, only increased yield in 4 locations. Inoculant did not increase yield at any location. Foliar fertilizer application and seed treatment increased yield in one location each. The additional soil fertility and fungicide application increased yield in two locations each. The increased population increased yields in 3 of the 18 locations; while an additional fungicide application at R5 only increased yield in 1 location. Foliar fertilizers at rates above commercial use did not increase soybean yield in Kentucky in 2008 or 2009. High-input production practices were largely unsuccessful at increasing soybean yield in these studies.
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Rethwisch, Michael D., Mark Reay, Jessica Grudovich, D. Michael Ramos, and Jessica Wellman. "Evaluation of AuxiGro® WP and Foliar Fertilizers on Bermudagrass Seed Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203817.
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AuxiGro® WP was evaluated for effects on bermudagrass seed production in the Palo Verde Valley of far eastern California. Four rates of this product, in addition to a 4 oz./acre rate with two fertilizers were tested, as were the fertilizers only to separate treatment effects. Highest yields from subplot harvests were noted from the 2 and 4 oz./acre rates of AuxiGro® WP, and germination percentages from these treatments and resultant pure live seed were also numerically higher (81-99 lbs./acre) than that noted from untreated bermudagrass, although most plant parameters did not result in statistical difference.
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Fonseca, Jorge. "Yield and Postharvest Quality of Cantaloupe Melons as Affected by Calcium Foliar Applications." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214999.
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The effect of pre-harvest foliar application of calcium on yield and postharvest quality of whole and fresh-cut cantaloupe melons was investigated. The calcium product (Nutrical®) was applied five times before harvest to a melon field at 2 quarts/acre with a volume of 50 gallons/acre. The supplemented calcium increased by over 10% the weight of melons and increased external firmness at harvest but soluble solids was lower in treated melons than in the control. After 21 days of storage at 40 - 45 °F however, there was not difference in quality factors. Melons were processed in cubes and packaged in plastic lidded containers. The overall quality of calcium treated cubes was better after 5 and 10 days of storage. Juice leakage was also higher in the control than in the treated fruits after 5 days. After 10 days the L* values were lower in the control than in the treated fruits indicating that the tissue was darker in the control, which was an indicative of more water soaked tissue. In further trials conducted the following Spring the results obtained at harvest showed differences only in weight of melons that underwent water stress. The overall results in different experiments in the Yuma area indicate that application of foliar calcium can increase yield of melon crops, notably, when the plants undergo environmental stress.
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Rethwisch, Michael D., Rogellio Perez, Steven Morrison, Larry Parker, and Julio Juan. "Effects of Foliar Applied Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Late Spring Cantaloupes and Honeydews." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215012.
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A number of foliar fertilizers were evaluated for their effects on yield and quality of both cantaloupes and honeydews. None of the treatments or treatment combinations resulted in statistical increases or decreases for numbers of cantaloupes or honeydews when compared with the untreated check. A highly significant increase of one treatment regimen (which contained calcium) was noted for cantaloupe weights when compared with the untreated check. Statistical differences were not noted for honeydew weights for this treatment although it also resulted in highest calculated weights of honeydew/area of treatments evaluated. All treatments resulted in numerically higher brix for cantaloupes than the untreated check, thought to be a response to pounds of melons/unit area as the untreated check had the least cantaloupe weight. No differences were noted for cantaloupe seed cavity diameters.
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Cocco, Kassia Luiza Teixeira. "FENOLOGIA, POTENCIAL PRODUTIVO E FONTES DE ADUBAÇÃO NO CULTIVO DO MORANGUEIRO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4933.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The overall objective of this study was to determine the phenology and yield potential of strawberry cultivars and to evaluate different sources of fertilizer pre-planting in the production of strawberry grown in low tunnels. In the first experiment, were evaluated the cultivars Camarosa, Camino Real and Albion in two agricultural years. Characterized the time of occurrence and duration of nine sub-periods of phenological stages of flowering and fruiting, as well as the time elapsed between transplantation and onset of flowering, fruit formation and start and end of the harvest. The second experiment evaluated the cultivar Camarosa, and treatments consisted of nutrient sources in pre-planting, these being Control Treatment, Topmix, Formulation Commercial NPK and NPK Formulated, performing collections of plant material each 40 days. In assessing the productivity, for both experiments, there was counting the number of fruits, weighing and measuring of greater width and length as well as measurement of the levels of soluble solids. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. To reach the beginning of flowering, fruiting and harvesting, considering the year 2012, the cultivar Camarosa was the more precocious. For the year 2013, the cultivar Albion showed more precocity. In general, the Albion, Camarosa and Camino Real cultivars totaled approximately 44 days, 40 days and 34 days, respectively to conclude stages of flowering and fruiting. For the number of pseudofruits and plant productivity, the cultivar Camarosa showed the highest values for both years. Whereas the levels total soluble solids, it is concluded that the cultivar Albion had the highest values of º Brix, for two years evaluated. At the end of the second experiment, we obtained approximately 615 g plant-1 for the treatment Topmix, showing the greater productivity of this to the conditions of this experiment were verified. The highest values of fresh weight of pseudofruits were observed on the second epoch assessed, being that the treatments were quite similar. The number of pseudofruits was higher in the third epoch evaluated, the levels of total soluble solids (SST) did not differ between seasons, the width of pseudofruits was higher in the second and fourth epochs and the length did not differ between seasons. The Topmix treatment presented the highest averages for number of pseudofruits, SST, width and length. The nitrogen contents were higher in the first epoch and the Control Treatment had the lowest values. The phosphorus contents were higher in the NPK treatment Formulated and in first epoch. For potassium, there was no difference between treatments and foliar contents were lower in the first epoch. Foliar nitrogen and potassium were found in the sufficiency ranges, while the values of phosphorus were below the range considered as sufficient in strawberry culture.<br>O objetivo geral do trabalho foi determinar a fenologia e o potencial produtivo de cultivares de morangueiro, assim como avaliar diferentes fontes de adubação na produção de morango. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliadas as cultivares Camarosa, Camino Real e Albion, em dois anos agrícolas. Caracterizou-se o tempo de ocorrência e a duração de nove subperíodos dos estádios fenológicos da floração e frutificação, bem como o tempo decorrido entre o transplante e o início da floração, início da frutificação e início e término da colheita. No segundo experimento, avaliou-se a cultivar Camarosa com diferentes fontes de adubação em pré-plantio: Testemunha, Topmix , Formulação Comercial NPK e NPK Formulado, sendo o período dividido em quatro épocas e realizando-se coletas de material vegetal a cada 40 dias. Na avaliação da produtividade, para ambos os experimentos, realizou-se contagem do número de frutos, pesagens e medições de maior largura e comprimento, assim como determinação dos teores de sólidos solúveis totais. Os resultados foram submetidos á análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Para alcançar o início da floração, frutificação e colheita, no ano de 2012, a cultivar Camarosa foi mais precoce. Para o ano de 2013, a cultivar Albion apresentou maior precocidade. De maneira geral, as cultivares Albion, Camino Real e Camarosa perfizeram, aproximadamente, 44 dias, 40 dias e 34 dias, respectivamente. Para as variáveis número de pseudofrutos por planta e produtividade, a cultivar Camarosa apresentou os maiores valores, para ambos os anos. Considerando os teores de sólidos solúveis totais, conclui-se que a cultivar Albion apresentou os maiores valores de ºBrix, para os dois anos. Ao final do segundo experimento, foram verificadas aproximadamente 615 g planta-1 para o tratamento Topmix, evidenciando a maior produtividade deste para as condições deste experimento. Os maiores valores de massa fresca de pseudofrutos foram observados na segunda época avaliada, sendo que os tratamentos mostraram-se bastante semelhantes. O número de pseudofrutos foi superior na terceira época avaliada, os teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) não diferiram entre as épocas, a largura de pseudofrutos foi maior na segunda e quarta épocas e o comprimento não diferiu entre as épocas. O tratamento Topmix apresentou as maiores médias para número de pseudofrutos, SST, largura e comprimento. Os teores de nitrogênio foram maiores na primeira época e a Testemunha apresentou os menores valores. Os teores de fósforo foram maiores no tratamento NPK Formulado e na primeira época. Para o potássio, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos e os teores foliares foram inferiores na primeira época. Os teores foliares de nitrogênio e potássio encontraram-se nas faixas de suficiência, enquanto os valores de fósforo ficaram abaixo da faixa considerada como suficiente na cultura do morangueiro.
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Alari, Fernando Oliveira de [UNESP]. "Morforgênese e estrutura de pastos de capim-tanzânia manejados com diferentes índices de área foliar residual, mantido sob lotação intermitente por caprinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95838.
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alari_fo_me_jabo.pdf: 325607 bytes, checksum: 4756624259fe078876f2e69dd8b056d2 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar as características estruturais e morfogênicas do capim-tanzânia, sob lotação intermitente, com diferentes índices de área foliar residual (IAFr). O experimento foi conduzido no setor de caprinocultura, FCAV, UNESP Jaboticabal, SP, no período de outubro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Os tratamentos foram três índices de área foliar residuais (IAFr)( 0,8; 1,6 e 2,4), sendo o período de descanso com o critério de 95% de interceptação luminosa (IL), em blocos casualizados com seis repetições. Foram avaliadas, no pré e pós pastejo, as alturas do dossel, IL, IAF, massa de forragem e as características morfogênicas e estruturais. As características período de rebrotação (PR), taxa de aparecimento foliar (TApF), taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos (TAP) obtiveram comportamento linear crescente com o aumento do IAFr. Já as características taxa de alongamento de colmo (TAlC), tamanho de final de folha (TFF), filocrono, taxa de senescência foliar (TSeF), dias de vida da folha (DVF), massa seca de colmo (MSC) no pré-pastejo e massa seca de folha (MSF) no pós-pastejo obtiveram comportamento linear crescente. Em relação aos ciclos de pastejo a TFF obteve efeito linear crescente, a TApF obteve comportamento quadrático com ponto de máximo no segundo ciclo, a MSF no pós e pré-pastejo, e a relação folha/colmo (F/C) obteve efeito linear decrescente, e as características PR, TAlC, filocrono, TSeF e DVF obteve comportamento quadrático com ponto de mínimo no segundo ciclo. Os pastos mantidos com maior desfolhação apresentaram características morfológicas e estruturais mais favoráveis ao pastejo de caprinos<br>This study aimed to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum (Jacq.) cv. Tanzania-1) under rotational grazing with different levels of residual leaf index (RLI). The experiment was carried out at the goat of the FCAV, UNESP Jaboticabal, SP, from October 2010 to May 2011. Os tratamentos foram três índices de área foliar residuais (IAFr)( 0,8; 1,6 e 2,4), sendo o período de descanso com o critério de 95% de interceptação luminosa (IL), em blocos casualizados com seis repetições. Were evaluated before and after grazing, the sward heights, IL, IAF, herbage mass and the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the pastures. The characteristics of regrowth period (RP), leaf appearance rate (LAR), rate of tillering (RT) obtained increased linearly with increasing RLA. Since the characteristics of stem elongation rate (SER), final leaf size (FLS), phyllochron, leaf senescence rate (LSR) days of life of the leaf (DLL), dry mass of stem (DMS) in pre-grazing and dry weight of leaf (DWL) in the post-grazing had increased linearly with increasing IAFr. In relation to the grazing cycles FLS obtained increased linearly, the LAR was obtained with a quadratic maximum point in the second cycle, the DWL post and pre-grazing and leaf / stem ratio (L/S) obtained linear decreasing effect the cycles of grazing, and features RP, SER, phyllochron, DLL and LSR obtained with a quadratic minimum point in the second cycle. The pasture maintained with greater defoliation (RLI 0.8), had morphological and structural best for grazing goats
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Alari, Fernando Oliveira de. "Morforgênese e estrutura de pastos de capim-tanzânia manejados com diferentes índices de área foliar residual, mantido sob lotação intermitente por caprinos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95838.
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Orientador: Ana Claudia Ruggieri<br>Coorientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira<br>Banca: Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves<br>Banca: Valdo Rodrigues Herling<br>Resumo: O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar as características estruturais e morfogênicas do capim-tanzânia, sob lotação intermitente, com diferentes índices de área foliar residual (IAFr). O experimento foi conduzido no setor de caprinocultura, FCAV, UNESP Jaboticabal, SP, no período de outubro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Os tratamentos foram três índices de área foliar residuais (IAFr)( 0,8; 1,6 e 2,4), sendo o período de descanso com o critério de 95% de interceptação luminosa (IL), em blocos casualizados com seis repetições. Foram avaliadas, no pré e pós pastejo, as alturas do dossel, IL, IAF, massa de forragem e as características morfogênicas e estruturais. As características período de rebrotação (PR), taxa de aparecimento foliar (TApF), taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos (TAP) obtiveram comportamento linear crescente com o aumento do IAFr. Já as características taxa de alongamento de colmo (TAlC), tamanho de final de folha (TFF), filocrono, taxa de senescência foliar (TSeF), dias de vida da folha (DVF), massa seca de colmo (MSC) no pré-pastejo e massa seca de folha (MSF) no pós-pastejo obtiveram comportamento linear crescente. Em relação aos ciclos de pastejo a TFF obteve efeito linear crescente, a TApF obteve comportamento quadrático com ponto de máximo no segundo ciclo, a MSF no pós e pré-pastejo, e a relação folha/colmo (F/C) obteve efeito linear decrescente, e as características PR, TAlC, filocrono, TSeF e DVF obteve comportamento quadrático com ponto de mínimo no segundo ciclo. Os pastos mantidos com maior desfolhação apresentaram características morfológicas e estruturais mais favoráveis ao pastejo de caprinos<br>Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum (Jacq.) cv. Tanzania-1) under rotational grazing with different levels of residual leaf index (RLI). The experiment was carried out at the goat of the FCAV, UNESP Jaboticabal, SP, from October 2010 to May 2011. Os tratamentos foram três índices de área foliar residuais (IAFr)( 0,8; 1,6 e 2,4), sendo o período de descanso com o critério de 95% de interceptação luminosa (IL), em blocos casualizados com seis repetições. Were evaluated before and after grazing, the sward heights, IL, IAF, herbage mass and the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the pastures. The characteristics of regrowth period (RP), leaf appearance rate (LAR), rate of tillering (RT) obtained increased linearly with increasing RLA. Since the characteristics of stem elongation rate (SER), final leaf size (FLS), phyllochron, leaf senescence rate (LSR) days of life of the leaf (DLL), dry mass of stem (DMS) in pre-grazing and dry weight of leaf (DWL) in the post-grazing had increased linearly with increasing IAFr. In relation to the grazing cycles FLS obtained increased linearly, the LAR was obtained with a quadratic maximum point in the second cycle, the DWL post and pre-grazing and leaf / stem ratio (L/S) obtained linear decreasing effect the cycles of grazing, and features RP, SER, phyllochron, DLL and LSR obtained with a quadratic minimum point in the second cycle. The pasture maintained with greater defoliation (RLI 0.8), had morphological and structural best for grazing goats<br>Mestre
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Bardy, Gilles. "De la subtile folie du désespoir : étude des conditions psychologiques de production du texte." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070098.
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Dans la première partie, théorique, c'est le processus de la découverte chez Freud qui est étudie: découverte, résistance, travail analytique, découverte, et ainsi de suite. Les trois autres parties (sur The Great Gatsby de Fitzgerald, The purloined letter de Poe et As I lay dying de Faulkner), au moyen de l'analyse des signifiants, j'essaie de découvrir le fantasme central, le désir. On peut voir que, dans ces écrits, le fantasme de symbiose est dissimule par le fantasme oedipien<br>In the first, and theoretical part, the processes of the freudian discovery are carefully analysed: discovery, resistance, analytical work, discovery, and so on. In the three other parts (about The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald, The purloined letter by Poe and As I lay dying by Faulkner), by means of the analysis of the most important words and situations, i try to find out the main fantasy, the desire. We can see that the fantasy of symbiosis is hidden by the oedipian fantasy
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Murray, William Kraft. "Efficacy of compost amendments and extracts in the control of foliar disease in organic tomato production." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4433.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 70 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-70).
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Griffin, J. R., and Jeffrey C. Silvertooth. "Evaluation of a Foliar Applied Seed Bed Calcium Soil Conditioner in in Irrigated Cotton Production System." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197271.
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A multi-site experiment was conducted at Paloma Ranch, west of Gila Bend in Maricopa County and at Wellton in Yuma County Arizona. NuCotn 33B was dry planted and watered-up on 28 April 1998. Various rates of application of nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) from CN-9 [9-0-0-11Ca (5Ca(NO₃)₂•NH₄NO₃•10H₂O)] was used to evaluate the check. The CN-9 was applied as a foliar application directly to the seed bed on 27 April 1998. Treatment 1 was the check plot that received no CN-9. Treatment 2 received a 12 gal./acre application of CN-9 while treatment 3 received a 15 gal./acre application of CN-9. Each gal of CN-9 weighs approx. 12.2 lbs. and contains 1.1 lbs. of N and 1.4 lbs. of Ca. Treatment 2 received a total of 13 N/acre while treatment 3 received a total of 17 N/acre via CN-9. Treatment 1 received only farm standard applications of UAN-32. Treatments 2 and 3 each received farm standard applications of UAN-32 after the application of CN-9 for continued crop N needs. A total of 17 lbs./acre of Ca was applied to treatment 2 and 21 lbs./acre of Ca was applied to treatment 3. No significant differences were found among the various treatments in terms of plant growth, soil water content, ECₑ values, and sodium absorption ratios. Lint yields were not significantly different (P<0.05).
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Medina, Carolina. "Nutrient release patterns of coated fertilizers used for citrus production and their effect on fruit yield and foliar nutrition." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014281.
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Béchard-Dubé, Steffi-Anne. "Effets de l'environnement lumineux et de l'âge foliaire sur la croissance, la capacité photosynthétique et la production protéique chez Nicotiana benthamiana." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26972.
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Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016<br>Cette étude visait à caractériser la croissance, la capacité photosynthétique, la concentration en azote et protéines totales solubles, la production de protéines recombinantes (HA) ainsi que la quantité de lumière interceptée à différents stades de développement de plants de Nicotiana benthamiana afin d’optimiser la production de vaccins. L’évolution des réponses physiologiques étudiées fut similaire chez toutes les feuilles primaires, suggérant que le processus de sénescence s’initie et progresse de façon semblable indépendamment de leur ordre d’initiation. Toutefois, la superposition des patrons temporels de sénescence et de croissance foliaire a mené à un rendement HA maximal se situant invariablement dans la partie médiane du plant lorsqu’exprimé sur une base foliaire. À l’échelle du plant entier, nos résultats suggèrent qu’il est possible d’augmenter la production de vaccins en récoltant les plants à un stade de développement plus tardif, ou en augmentant la densité de culture et en récoltant ces plants plus tôt.<br>Nicotiana benthamiana is a wild relative of tobacco increasingly used as a plant protein expression platform to produce recombinant vaccine antigens against the influenza virus. Investigation on the physiological determinants of this production is essential to optimize and regulate vaccines production following a new flu outbreak. We examined the photosynthetic photon flux density, growth, light-saturated photosynthesis, total soluble protein, nitrogen content and recombinant protein production at different phenological stages. The similar evolution of the studied physiological responses suggested that the senescence process is initiated and progresses in a similar way in all primary leaves, regardless of the order of initiation. In contrast, the superposition of the time pattern of senescence with that of leaf growth shows that maximal HA yield expressed on a leaf basis is invariably located in the middle part of the plant. At the whole plant scale, our results suggest that it is possible to increase the production of antigens by harvesting plants at a later developmental stage, or by increasing plant density and harvesting these plants earlier.
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Wallhead, Matthew W. "Foliar Fungicide Effects on Gray Leaf Spot and Yield of Hybrid Corn as Influenced by Application Timing, Hybrid Characteristics and Production Practices." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324573828.
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Nastaro, Beatriz. "Parâmetros morfogênicos, nutricionais e produtivos do capim-piatã suprido com combinações de doses de nitrogênio e enxofre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-14032013-172627/.
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O cultivar Piatã de Brachiaria brizantha é uma gramínea forrageira de lançamento recente para uso nas pastagens brasileiras e a pesquisa relativa à nutrição mineral deste capim é escassa. O nitrogênio é o principal responsável pelo aumento da produtividade em plantas forrageiras, porém a associação com o enxofre pode influir nas respostas das plantas forrageiras à adubação. Mediante a combinação de doses de nitrogênio com doses de enxofre, objetivou-se estudar as características morfogênicas, nutricionais e produtivas do capim-piatã cultivado em solução nutritiva, empregando-se a sílica como substrato. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação e estudou cinco doses de nitrogênio (2; 9; 16; 23 e 30 mmol L-1) e cinco doses de enxofre (0,1; 0,7; 1,3; 1,9 e 2,5 mmol L-1), em esquema fatorial 52 fracionado, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram submetidas a dois cortes, sendo o primeiro aos 44 dias após o transplantio e o segundo 25 dias após o primeiro corte. A interação doses de nitrogênio x doses de enxofre foi significativa para o número total de folhas e perfilhos, taxa de aparecimento de folhas e filocrono, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, valor SPAD, comprimento e superfície radiculares totais, concentração de nitrogênio e de enxofre nos tecidos foliares e radiculares, concentração de nitrato e relação nitrogênio total:enxofre total (Nt:St) em pelo menos um dos dois ciclos de crescimento do capim-piatã. As mais elevadas doses de nitrogênio e de enxofre maximizaram o crescimento e desenvolvimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular das plantas. Doses elevadas de nitrogênio diminuíram o comprimento radicular específico e a relação enxofre-sulfato:enxofre total (S-SO4:St) nas folhas diagnósticas do capim, além de aumentar a atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato e a concentração de amônio nesses tecidos. A dose de enxofre de aproximadamente 1,3 mmol L-1 proporcionou o maior comprimento e superfície radiculares específicos, enquanto a dose mais alta de enxofre (2,5 mmol L-1) maximizou a concentração de enxofre-sulfato e a relação S-SO4:St nas folhas diagnósticas das plantas. Correlações significativas e positivas foram constatadas entre a concentração de nitrogênio total, valor SPAD e a concentração de enxofre total das folhas diagnósticas e a produção de massa seca das plantas, nos dois cortes do capim-piatã. A concentração de nitrogênio nas folhas diagnósticas do capim-piatã e o valor SPAD servem como bons parâmetros para a avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas em relação ao nitrogênio, enquanto para a avaliação do estado nutricional do enxofre nas folhas diagnósticas do capim-piatã, a concentração de enxofre total e a relação Nt:St devem ser tomadas em conjunto.<br>Piatã cultivar of Brachiaria brizantha is a recently released forage grass to be used in brazilian pastures and research on mineral nutrition of this grass is scarce. Nitrogen is the main nutrient to increase forage productivity, but the association with sulphur can influence plant response to fertilization. Through the combination of nitrogen rates with sulphur rates, the objective was to study the morphological, nutritional and productive characteristics of Piatã palissadegrass grown in nutrient solution, by using ground quartz as substrate. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and five rates of nitrogen (2, 9, 16, 23 and 30 mmol L-1) were combined with five rates of sulphur (0.1, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9 and 2.5 mmol L-1) in a 52 fractionated factorial set in randomized block design, with four replications. Plants were harvested two times, the first harvest was done 44 days after transplanting and the second one was 25 days after the first harvest. The interaction nitrogen rates x sulphur rates was significant for the total number of leaves and tillers, leaf appearance rate, phyllochron, leaf area, dry mass of shoots and roots, SPAD value, root length and root surface, nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the diagnostic leaves and roots, nitrate concentration and total nitrogen:total sulphur ratio in at least one of the two growth cycles of Piatã palissadegrass. High nitrogen and sulphur rates maximized growth of shoots and roots of the plants. High nitrogen rates resulted in low specific root length and sulfate-sulphur:total sulphur ratio (SSO4: St) in diagnostic leaves, in addition to increasing the activity of the nitrate reductase and ammonium concentration in diagnostic tissue. Sulphur rate about 1.3 mmol L-1 provided the highest specific root length and surface, while the highest sulphur rates (2.5 mmol L-1) maximized sulfate-sulphur concentration and S-SO4:St ratio in diagnostic leaves. There was a significant and positive correlation between the concentration of total nitrogen, SPAD value and total sulphur concentration in diagnostic leaves with plant dry matter production, in both harvests of Piatã palissadegrass. Nitrogen concentration and SPAD value in diagnostic leaves of Piatã palissadegrass can be used as good parameters for assessing the nutritional status of plants in relation to nitrogen, while for the assessment of sulphur nutrition status in diagnostic leaves of Piatã palissadegrass, the concentration of total sulphur and total nitrogen:total sulphur ratio should be taken together.
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Han, Sidonie. "Folie et déraison dans l'espace théâtral contemporain." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030177.
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Cette recherche se propose d'étudier les interactions entre l'espace scénique et la folie dans le théâtre contemporain. À partir de l'étude de scénographies et des lieux dans lesquels elles se déploient, nous souhaitons interroger le recours à la déraison, non pas comme thématique ou comme caractéristique de personnages, mais comme outil de questionnement et de renouvellement de l'espace théâtral. La folie, notion polémique dont l'existence même est régulièrement questionnée, constitue pour certains metteurs en scène et/ou scénographes la possibilité d'une remise en cause radicale du réalisme illusionniste et une passerelle vers la mise en place d'une "réalité théâtrale" au sens où Antonin Artaud l'entendait. Ces interactions peuvent se manifester par les lieux dans lesquels sont joués les spectacles, mais aussi par l'usage de la symptomatologie de la folie (hallucination, délire, rêves) comme élément perturbateur de l'espace scénique. La folie est alors employée pour bouleverser les repères du spectateur, qui n'est plus en prise avec une représentation de sa réalité quotidienne, ni une représentation de l'ambiance du drame ou de l'état mental d'un personnage, mais avec des espaces qui proposent une perception en dehors des normes de la raison. La folie n'apparaît donc plus dans la constitution d'une fable, mais dans la structure même des spectacles. Dans la lignée des recherches de certains groupes futuristes ou surréalistes, certaines mises en scène et scénographies contemporaines cherchent alors à se défaire d'une raison dominante et voit dans la déraison le moyen de remettre en cause l'ordre politique et social autant que l'ordre théâtral<br>This research proposes to study existing interactions between scenic space and madness in contemporary theater. By studying scenography and locations where they occur, we wish to question the use of insanity, not as a theme or dimension of a character, but as a tool to question and renew theatrical space. Madness, a subject of debate whose very existence is regularly questioned, appears for certain directors and/or set designers as a way to radically question illusionist realism and as a pathway to a "theatrical reality" as perceived by Antonin Artaud. These interactions may be exploited by the site chosen for staging but also through the use of madness (hallucination, delirium, dreams) as a disruptive element of scenic space. Madness is then used to disorient the spectator : he is no longer exposed to a representation of his daily life, or a representation of the drama’s setting, or the mental state of a character, but with spaces that offer a perception outside the norms of reason. Madness no longer occurs in the creation of a fable, but in the very structure of theater. Along the lines of certain futurist or surrealist groups’ research, some contemporary staging and scenography therefore tries to do away with dominant reasoning, and view insanity as a means to question political and social order as much as theatrical order
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Santos, Joana. "Effects of fertility management and natural foliar sprays on late blight (Phytophthora infestans), potato yield and tuber quality in organic potato production systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433142.
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Offemann, Luiz Claudio. "Inoculação via semente e foliar de Azospirillum brasilense na cultura do trigo, associado à fertilização nitrogenada." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1267.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-24<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined use of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation by seed and foliar application, associated to nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic characteristics of wheat. The experiment was installed in greenhouse on May 24th 2014, for this purpose, vases were used with capacity 15 dm3, in which were conducted 4 plants. The harvest proceeded on September 12th 2014, to 111 after emergence. The experimental design was a randomized block factorial 2 x 2 x 3, with four repetitions. The first factor was formed by the absence or presence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense. The second by nitrogen fertilization at doses of 70 and 140 Kg ha-1 (50 and 100% respectively). The third factor by application by foliar spraying of A. brasilense in the stages of tillering, booting and two applications, the first in the tillering and the second in booting. Were evaluated the biometric parameters of the culture at the end of the silking stage, the production components at the end of crop cycle. Were also evaluated gas exchange rates in the flag leaf and contents of macronutrients N, P and K in leaves and grains. It can be concluded that the use of A. brasilense, applied by foliar spraying, promotes increases in average internode length, average length of ears, dry leaves mass, ears and root, root volume and nitrogen content in leaves, besides maximize the effect of nitrogen fertilization. Gas exchange measurements and leaf nutrient content, were affected positively only by the higher nitrogen dose<br>Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o uso combinado de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense, via semente e pulverização foliar, associada à adubação nitrogenada, nas características agronômicas da cultura do trigo. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação no dia 24 de maio de 2014. Foram utilizados vasos com capacidade de 15 dm3, nos quais foram conduzidas 4 plantas. A colheita foi realizada no dia 12 de setembro de 2014, aos 111 dias após a emergência. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi formado pela ausência ou presença de inoculação das sementes com A. brasilense. O segundo pela fertilização nitrogenada nas doses de 70 e 140 kg ha-1 (50 e 100% respectivamente). O terceiro fator pela aplicação via pulverização foliar de A. brasilense nos estádios de perfilhamento, espigamento e duas aplicações, sendo a primeira no perfilhamento e a segunda no espigamento. Foram avaliados os parâmetros morfométricos ao final do estádio de espigamento, os componentes da produção ao final do ciclo. Também foram avaliadas as taxas de trocas gasosas na folha bandeira e teores dos macronutrientes N, P e K em folhas e grãos. Pode-se concluir que A. brasilense, aplicado via pulverização foliar, promove incrementos em comprimento médio de entrenós, comprimento médio de espigas, massa da matéria seca de folhas, espigas e raízes, volume de raízes e teor de nitrogênio nas folhas. As medidas de trocas gasosas e teor de nutrientes nas folhas foram influenciadas positivamente apenas pela maior dose de nitrogênio
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SILVA, Débora Samara Oliveira e. "Produção, fisiologia e qualidade pós-colheita da alface ‘Elba’ produzida sob adubação foliar com Spirulina platensis." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/725.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-30<br>A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) é a hortaliça folhosa mais produzida e consumida no Brasil, no
entanto, necessita receber nutrientes que permitem o seu desenvolvimento. Desta forma,
tornam-se necessários estudos sobre o uso de fontes orgânicas de adubo, como os
biofertilizantes, e sua influência sobre os aspectos morfofisiológicos e de qualidade. Neste
sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de Spirufert® (fertilizante
orgânico simples classe “A”, marca Tamanduá) sob a produção, fisiologia e qualidade póscolheita da alface „Elba‟. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, em Pombal-PB. Na primeira etapa, estudou-se em condições de campo, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, o efeito de seis concentrações do Spirufert ® (0, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5, 6,0 e 7,5 %) distribuídos em seis blocos, sob aspectos de produção e fisiologia das mudas de alface. Na segunda etapa, analisada em laboratório, adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com seis repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas seis concentrações de Spirufert®, aplicadas durante o cultivo da alface, e as subparcelas, pelas épocas de avaliação (por ocasião da colheita e 24h após a permanência das alfaces sob prateleira em ambiente climatizado a 26°C). Não houve efeito significativo das concentrações de Spirufert® para as variáveis, número de folhas (NF), massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA), altura de plantas (AP) e diâmetro da copa (DC), massa seca (MSPA), umidade (UMPA), massa fresca do sistema radicular (MFSR), comprimento de raiz (CR), massa seca do sistema radicular (MSSR), massa fresca total da planta (MFTP) e massa seca total da planta (MSTP) da parte aérea das plantas de alface. Da mesma forma, as concentrações de Spirufert® testadas não alteram o teor de N, P, K e Na, fotossíntese, concentração interna de CO2 e condutância estomática da parte aérea da alface.
Houve efeito significativo entre as concentrações de Spirufert ® e as épocas de avaliação, no dia da colheita e 24h após a colheita da alface para a maioria das variáveis analisadas.
Constatou-se maior média de SS na dose 4,5% de Spirufert®, na ordem de 4,16%, porém
redução deste valor após 24h, em que se observou sinais de senescência nas alfaces,
constatados pelo aumento da acidez titulável. Na dose 4,5% de Spirufert®, também observouse uma boa relação SS/AT e elevado teor de clorofila total, mesmo após 24 h, fato que possibilitou a manutenção da coloração verde nas folhas, característica apreciada pelo consumidor, por ocasião da aquisição.<br>Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most widely produced and consumed leafy vegetable in
Brazil, however, needs to receive nutrients that allow its development. In this way, it becomes
necessary studies on the use of organic sources of fertilizer, such as biofertilizers, and its
influence on the morphophysiological aspects and quality. In this sense, the objective was to
evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Spirufert® (simple organic fertilizer class
"A", anteater brand) in the production, physiology and lettuce postharvest quality 'Elba'. The
experiment was conducted in two stages in the Science and Technology Centre Agrifood in
Pombal-PB. In the first stage, was studied under field conditions in a randomized block
design, the effect of six concentrations Spirufert ® (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5%) distributed
in six blocks, under aspects of production and physiology of lettuce seedlings. In the second
stage, was analyzed in a laboratory, adopted a completely randomized design in split plot with
six replications. The plots were made by the six concentrations of Spirufert®, applied for the
cultivation of lettuce, and the subplots, the evaluation periods (at harvest and 24 hours after
the permanence of lettuce under shelf in air-conditioned environment at 26 ° C). There was no
significant effect of Spirufert® concentrations for the variables, number of leaves (NF), fresh
weight of aerial part (MFPA), plant height (PH) and crown diameter (DC), dry matter
(MSPA), humidity (umpa), fresh weight of the root system (MFSR), root length (CR), dry
mass of the root system (MSSR), fresh pasta total plant (MPTP) and total dry mass of the
plant (MSTP) of the aerial part lettuce plants. Similarly, the Spirufert® concentrations tested
did not alter the content of N, P, K and Na, photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration and
stomatal conductance of the aerial part of lettuce. Significant differences were found between
the Spirufert ® concentrations and the evaluation periods, the day of harvest and 24h after the
lettuce harvest for most variables. It was found SS higher average dose 4.5% of Spirufert® in
the order of 4.16%, but this value reduction after 24 hours, it was observed that the lettuce
signs of senescence, evidenced by increased acidity. At a dose of 4.5% Spirufert® also there
was a good SS / TA ratio and high content of chlorophyll, even after 24 h, a fact that enabled
the maintenance of green color in the leaves, characteristic appreciated by the consumer on
the occasion the acquisition.
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Costa, Cicero Teixeira Silva. "Crescimento, pigmentos fotossintéticos e produtividade de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.), no quarto ciclo de cultivo." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/226.
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The sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a species adapted to the tropical climatic
conditions and has been presenting fundamental function in the economical development in
the Southeast and Northeast regions of the Brasil. The adaptation capacity of the culture to the
different cultivation environment can be evaluated through the growth analysis, from the
physiologic answers and of the biological and economical production. Thus, the objective of
the present work was to evaluate the growth, leaf pigment photosynthetic and yield of four
sugarcane varieties (RB92579, SP79-1011, RB931530 and RB93509), in the Tabuleiros
Costeiros region, in the State of Alagoas. The work was developed in the experimental area of
Centro de Ciências Agrárias, of the Ferderal University of Alagoas in Rio Largo city
(09°28'02 ''S; 35°49'43 ''W and altitude de 127m). The statistical design was in random
blocks, with four treatments and five replications. They number of plants per meter, stem
diameter, plants height, leaf area and leaves area rate (IAF) were evaluated, the measurements
began 30 days after the harvest (DAC), except the number of plants that went measured 90
DAC. The leaf pigments photosynthetic were appraised in the period between 213 and 284
DAC. Other evaluations such as: raw material quality, dry mass and yield were evaluated in
the harvest period 360 DAC, and the data was submitted to the variance analysis and the
averages compared by the Tukey test, with P ≤ 0,05. The results showed that the maximum
sprouting happened 90 DAC for all the studied varieties, and the variety RB92579 presented
the largest sprouting and the largest stem height in the harvest period. The stem diameter of
the RB931530 variety was better than the others, however, it obtained the smallest contents
chlorophyll a, b and total and larger correlation (r) between the reading of SPAD-502 and the
chlorophylls contents. The RB92579 and BR93509 varieties were better than the others in
relation to the sugar production of dry matter and yield, however they differed to each other
just to the dry matter. The RB92579 and RB931530 varieties were similar to the soluble
solids content (BRIX), percentage of rude sugar (PCC) and recoverable total sugar (ATR).<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) é uma espécie amplamente adaptada às
condições climáticas tropicais e tem apresentado papel fundamental no desenvolvimento
econômico das regiões Sudeste e Nordeste do país. A capacidade de adaptação da cultura aos
diferentes ambientes de cultivo pode ser avaliada através da análise de crescimento, das
respostas fisiológicas e da produção biológica e econômica. Desta forma, o presente trabalho
teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, os pigmentos fotossintéticos foliares e a
produtividade de quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB92579, SP79-1011, RB931530 e
RB93509), na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Alagoas. O experimento foi conduzido no
Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, município de Rio Largo -
AL (09°28 02 S; 35°49 43 W e altitude de127m). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi
em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram avaliados: número
de plantas por metro linear, diâmetro do colmo, altura das plantas, área foliar e índice de área
foliar (IAF), cujas medidas iniciaram-se aos 30 dias após o corte (DAC), exceto o número de
plantas que foi aos 90 DAC. Os pigmentos fotossintéticos foliares foram avaliados no período
entre 213 e 284 DAC. As demais avaliações como: qualidade da matéria prima, matéria seca e
produtividade final, foram avaliadas no período da colheita, aos 360 DAC, e os dados obtidos
foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey,
com P ≤ 0,05. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o máximo perfilhamento ocorreu aos 90
DAC para todas as variedades estudadas, sendo que a variedade RB92579 apresentou o maior
perfilhamento e a maior altura de colmo no período da colheita. A variedade RB931530
apresentou diâmetro de colmo superior às demais, e os menores teores de clorofila a, b e total
e maior correlação (r) entre a leitura do SPAD-502 e os teores de clorofilas. As variedades
RB92579 e BR93509 foram superiores às demais quanto à produção de açúcar, de matéria
seca e a produtividade, porém, diferiram entre si apenas quanto ao teor de matéria seca. As
variedades RB92579 e RB931530 foram semelhantes quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis
(BRIX), percentagem de açúcar bruto (PCC) e açúcar total recuperável (ATR).
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Echer, Fábio Rafael. "Fontes de potássio na adubação de cobertura do algodoeiro produtividade, diagnose foliar, qualidade de fibras e análise econômica." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2008. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/357.
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-28<br>An experiment was carried out on a commercial cotton crop, in Sapezal MT, in farm year 2007/2008, with the objective of evaluating the effect of different sources of potassium in cover fertilization, on biometric attributes, production components, quality of fibers, economic viability and the nutritional status of cotton plants. The outline used was complete blocks at random, with five repetitions, whose treatments were comprised of cover application of 100 kg ha-1 of K2O from sources KCl, K2SO4, KNO3 and K2SO4.2MgSO4. The nutrient content found in the cotton leaves at blooming was evaluated, being interpreted by the critical level method and by the DRIS method. Both critical level method and DRIS were efficient in detecting differences in leaf nutrient contents and, the content of S in cotton leaves was highest for applications of fertilizer with K2SO4.2MgSO4. IBN was coherent between its values and the productivity of the treatments, with the highest productivities being obtained with the lowest IBN in potassium cover fertilization with the source K2SO4.2MgSO4. Potassium based fertilization of the cover with source K2SO4.2MgSO4 afforded highest plant height and higher agricultural productivity, however, these results were not confirmed by increased fiber quality and economic profitability of the cotton crop. Given its lower cost, KCl is the most economically viable source of fertilizer K for cover of cotton crops.<br>Conduziu-se um experimento em lavoura comercial de algodão, em Sapezal MT, no ano agrícola 2007/2008, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de potássio na adubação de cobertura, sobre atributos biométricos, componentes de produção, qualidade de fibras, viabilidade econômica e sobre o estado nutricional do algodoeiro. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, cujos tratamentos constaram da aplicação em cobertura de 100 kg ha-1 de K2O nas fontes KCl, K2SO4, KNO3 e K2SO4.2MgSO4. Avaliaram-se os teores de nutrientes nas folhas de algodão no florescimento, sendo interpretados pelo método do nível crítico e pelo DRIS. Tanto o método do nível crítico quanto o DRIS foram eficientes na detecção de diferenças nos teores foliares de nutrientes e, o teor de S nas folhas de algodão foi maior com a utilização do adubo K2SO4.2MgSO4. O IBN apresentou coerência entre os seus valores e as produtividades dos tratamentos, sendo as maiores produtividades obtidas com o menor IBN na adubação potássica de cobertura na fonte K2SO4.2MgSO4. A adubação potássica de cobertura com a fonte K2SO4.2MgSO4 proporcionou a maior altura de plantas e a produtividade agrícola mais elevada, porém, estes resultados não se confirmaram em aumentos de qualidade de fibra e rentabilidade econômica do algodão. Em razão do menor custo, o fertilizante KCl é a fonte de K mais viável economicamente para a cobertura na lavoura de algodão.
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Zarricueta, Carmon Ana Fernanda. "Efecto de la relación entre área foliar y carga frutal sobre la capacidad productiva en uva de mesa var. Queen Rose." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148690.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo<br>La variedad de uva de mesa Queen Rose tiene excelentes características para ser exportada a mercados lejanos. Sin embargo, presenta limitaciones para cumplir con el contenido mínimo de azúcar en las bayas para su exportación (fruta insípida). En este sentido, se ha reportado que uno de los factores que afectan la acumulación de sólidos solubles es la baja relación entre el área foliar y la fruta producida. En base a estos antecedentes, se realizaron dos ensayos durante la temporada 2012/13 en un parronal ubicado en la localidad de El Durazno, Vicuña, Región de Coquimbo, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de diferentes cargas frutales y número de cargadores sobre la producción y maduración de la fruta.
El primer ensayo consistió en dejar plantas con distinta carga frutal; baja (20 racimos), media (30 racimos) y alta (40 racimos) por planta. Durante la precosecha, se determinaron distintos parámetros productivos, los cuales incluyeron: área foliar, peso de poda, porcentaje de brotación, fertilidad efectiva, largo de brotes en flor y morfología del racimo. Finalmente se calculó la relación área foliar/carga frutal. En el segundo ensayo se dejó diferente material de poda por planta, esto fue: 15, 18, 21 y 25 cargadores, ajustando la carga por planta a 35 racimos cada una. En precosecha, se midió radiación solar interceptada. Se realizó un seguimiento de la acumulación de sólidos solubles desde envero a cosecha y luego en cosecha se evaluó la acidez, rendimiento, radiación solar interceptada, calibre comercial, color y firmeza de la fruta.
En el primer ensayo, los resultados mostraron que el peso de racimo, la firmeza y la relación área foliar/carga frutal disminuyeron al aumentar la carga frutal. Sin embargo, el peso de poda, la fertilidad efectiva, el porcentaje de brotación, la evolución de sólidos solubles, la acidez, el color y el calibre no presentaron diferencias significativas. En el segundo ensayo, se encontró que el tratamiento con 15 cargadores presentó diferencias significativas en cuanto a firmeza respecto a los demás tratamientos. Al aumentar el número de cargadores, aumenta significativamente el porcentaje de bayas con calibre 300 y disminuye el porcentaje de bayas con calibre 500. A pesar de utilizar distinto número de cargadores, la radiación solar interceptada durante la cosecha fue la misma para todas las plantas.
De acuerdo a estos estudios, no sólo la relación hoja/fruto sería la causante de la baja acumulación de azúcar en las bayas de “Queen Rose”, sino que existiría otro factor que genera tal limitación. Se hace necesario entonces en una primera etapa, profundizar el estudio con plantas adultas más jóvenes (de entre 5 a 8 años) o con plantas injertadas de mayor expresión vegetativa, para posteriormente si se repiten estos resultados, proceder a definir otra causa que estaría afectando la acumulación de sólidos solubles.
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Gérardeaux, Edward. "Adjustment of phenology, growth and dry matter production of cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) facing potassium deficiency." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13851/document.
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La déficience en potassium dans les parcelles de cotonnier est un phénomène répandu et en recrudescence. Le problème est d’autant plus marqué en Afrique sub-saharienne que les sols sont pauvres et les systèmes de culture peu intensifs. Les principaux effets de la carence en potassium référencés dans la littérature sont une réduction de la surface foliaire, une réduction de l’assimilation et une modification des règles de répartition des assimilats entre les compartiments de la plante (tiges, racines, fruits et feuilles). Les connaissances à l’échelle cellulaire sur le rôle du potassium sont nombreuses mais paradoxalement peu de modèles permettent l’intégration de ces résultats à l’échelle du plant et du peuplement. La raison provient de la multiplicité des mécanismes affectés et de la complexité à les intégrer à l’échelle du plant ou du peuplement. L’objectif de notre travail est de caractériser les effets de la carence en K sur la croissance et le développement du cotonnier avec suffisamment de variables intermédiaires explicatives pour pouvoir proposer un schéma conceptuel compatible avec les concepts utilisés dans les modèles de croissance de cette plante. Cet objectif implique ainsi de porter nos investigations à plusieurs échelles (peuplement, plante, organes, organites) et sur des variables-clés du fonctionnement physiologiques des plantes utilisées dans la modélisation courante telles que la photosynthèse ou le statut hydrique. Nos recherches nous ont aussi amené à mesurer d’autres variables non inclues dans les modèles courant, afin d’affiner notre compréhension du fonctionnement des plantes carencées (teneurs en sucres, vitesses de carboxylation, ouvertures stomatiques …). Pour satisfaire à ces objectifs, deux types complémentaires d’expérimentations ont été menés : 1) des essais en pleins champs, en condition pluviale strictes ont été conduits au Bénin, deux années de suite, sur deux sites différents : à Aplahoué en 2004 et à Savalou en 2005. Il s’agit d’essais comparant différents niveaux de fertilisation en potassium. L’objectif de ces essais était d’étudier les effets de la carence à l’échelle du peuplement. 2) Par la suite, une expérimentation en serre et en hydroponie a été conduite (Bordeaux, 2006) dans l’objectif d’analyser finement les processus affectés à l’échelle du plant et de l’organe. Les essais en peuplement comme l’essai en serre ont permis d’obtenir des gammes de teneur en potassium variées, grâce à des niveaux d’alimentation variés (3 niveaux au champ, 4 en serre). Les teneurs planchers des plantes les plus carencées se situaient aux alentours de 8 à 10 mg Kg-1, ce qui contraste avec les teneurs maximum mesurées qui avoisinaient les 30 mg g-1. L’indice foliaire des traitements carencés des essais en peuplement est inférieur aux témoins en raison d’un moins grand nombre de feuilles et d’une taille individuelle réduite. Dans les essais en serre, une importante réduction de la surface foliaire est aussi observée mais la part de la réduction de la surface individuelle dans la réduction de la surface totale est plus prononcée. L’analyse des dynamiques de croissance des surfaces foliaires montre que l’accroissement relatif des feuilles est identique quel que soit les niveaux de carence mais que la taille des organes à l’émergence est plus petite pour les plants carencés. En revanche, les entrenœuds des plants carencés ont à la fois une taille réduite à l’émergence et une croissance relative plus faible. A l’échelle du peuplement aucune différence d’efficience de conversion de la lumière n’est observée en conséquence, les réductions de biomasse sèche observée sont entièrement dues à une diminution de l’efficience d’interception du rayonnement. En revanche, l’efficience de conversion du rayonnement interceptée de l’essai en serre est affectée par la carence en K mais uniquement pour le traitement le plus carencé<br>Potassium deficiency is a common phenomenon in cotton parcels. This problem is quite important in sub-Saharan Africa, where soils are poor and cropping systems are very low intensive. The main effects of potassium deficiency referenced in scientific literature are: (a) a reduction in leaf area, (b) a decrease in nutrient assimilation, and (c) a modification of nutrient repartition amongst compartments (i.e. stems roots, fruits, and leaves). Even though knowledge at the cellular level on the role of potassium is wide, ironically, only but a few models integrate results at the plant or stand levels. The reason comes from the multiplicity of mechanisms used and the complexity of integrating them throughout the plant or stand. The objective of our work is to characterize the effects of K-deficiency on the growth and development of cotton plants by including sufficient intermediate explanatory variables to provide a comparable scheme with the concepts used in growth models for this plant. This objective implies that our research focuses on different scales (i.e. stand, plant, organ, cell) and on physiological variables used in current models such as photosynthesis or water status. Our research had also led us to measure other variables not included in current models, to refine our understanding of the mechanisms of how deficient plants grows (i.e. sugar rates, carboxylation speed, stomata opening…). To meet these objectives, two complementary types of experiments were conducted: (i) field trials were performed in Benin on two different sites, Aplahoué in 2004 and Savalou in 2005, with strict rainfall conditions to compare different levels of potassium-fertilization and describe the effects of K-deficiency at the stand level. (ii) and a greenhouse hydroponic experiment was done in Bordeaux, France in 2006 to analyze the processes used throughout the plant and the organ. The field and the greenhouse tests had different levels of potassium fertilisation (2 to 3 levels in the field, 4 in the greenhouse) and gave us wide ranges of potassium contents in leaves. The minimum value of the leaf K content for the deficient plants were around 8 to 10 mg kg-1, which contrasts with the maximum values measured that were around 30 mg g-1. Potassium levels for the most deficient plants were around 8 to 10 mg Kg-1, while the highest levels measured were 30 g Kg-1. The leaf area index of deficient treatments is inferior to that of controls due to a lower number of leaves and smaller leaf sizes. In the greenhouse test, an important decrease of leaf area is observed but the proportion of the reduction due to a reduction in individual leaf size is more pronounced than in the filed experiments. The temporal analysis of the leaf area growth shows that the relative increase in size of the individual leaves is the same whatever the level of K-deficiency but that the size of the organs at emergence from apical buds is smaller for K-deficient plants. In counterpart, internodes of K-deficient plants have smaller lenght at emergence and a decreased relative growth rate. At stand level, no difference of light conversion efficiency is observed. As a result, observed reductions of dry biomass are essentially due to a decrease in light interception. However, radiation use efficiency in greenhouse tests are affected by K-deficiency but only for the most K-deficient treatment. Measures on gas exchanges made in greenhouse experiment also shows that photosynthesis is affected only for the most K-deficient treatments. This reduction is due to two concomitant effects: poor stomatal opening and a reduction in the maximum velocity of carboxylation. The relative distribution in biomass for all the tests is modified by the potassium-deficiency, benefiting leaves at the expense of the heterotrophic organs. This effect is observed at the plant level through an increase in the specific leaf weight and a relative decrease in stem and root biomass
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Sanchês, Sâmara Stainy Cardoso. "Características agronômicas, anatômicas e valor nutritivo do capim-elefante em diferentes idades de corte." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1360.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-17<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA)<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic, anatomical and nutritional
value of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) at different cutting ages. A
completely randomized design was used, with five replications and five treatments (cut
ages) totaling 25 experimental units. For the anatomical characterization the 3x5
factorial arrangement, with three levels of insertion (LI) of the leaf and leaf sheath in the
tiller (apical, medial and basal) and five cut ages (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days).
Degradation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was estimated by in situ
technique using a Santa Inês sheep. Incubation times in the ruminal environment were
6, 12, 24, 72 and 96 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a
5x5 factorial arrangement (five incubation times and five treatments). There was a
significant (p <0.05) from the ages of cuts for total forage production (TFP), leaf
production (LP), stem production (SP), dead material (DM), living tillers (LT), dead
tillers (DT) and height (H).In relation to the bromatological composition, there was a
significant effect (p <0.05), with the increase in the age of cut for dry matter (DM),
neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash in the two evaluated
fractions (leaf and stem), the crude protein (CP) content showed a significant decrease
according to the increase in the cutting age with 39.83% (leaf) and 26.97% (stem) From
30 to 90 days of age. There was only significant interaction (p <0.05) in the proportion
of anatomical tissue of the leaf blade, for the xylem area (XIL), where it was observed
in the lower cut ages (30 and 45 days) in the apical and medial NI The highest
percentage of this structure 9.21 and 10.10%, respectively. For the sclerenchyma (SCL)
area of the leaf sheath, a significant interaction was observed. The area occupied by the
SCL increased with the increase in maturity. The degradation parameters of DM in the
two evaluated fractions decreased significantly with the increase in plant maturity. The
effective degradability of CP in the leaf and stem fractions decreased significantly with
the increase in the rate of passage (2, 5 and 8% / h). The highest rate of degradation (c)
of CP for leaf fraction was obtained at 60 days of age (9.47% / h), already at 45 days of
age (6.81%/h). The agronomic, anatomical and nutritional characteristics of elephant
grass are influenced by the increase in plant maturity. The use of grass at 60 days of age
implies an optimum point of production and quality<br>Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas, anatômicas e valor nutritivo do
capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) em diferentes idades de corte. Utilizouse
o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições e cinco tratamentos
(idades de corte) totalizando 25 unidades experimentais. Para a caracterização
anatômica o arranjo fatorial foi 3x5, sendo três níveis de inserção (NI) da lâmina/bainha
foliar no perfilho (apical, medial e basal) e cinco idades de corte (30, 45, 60, 75 e 90
dias). A degradação da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) foi estimada pela
técnica in situ, utilizando-se um ovino da raça santa Inês. Os tempos de incubações no
ambiente ruminal foram 6, 12, 24, 72 e 96 horas. O delineamento experimental foi o
inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 5x5 (cinco tempos de incubação e cinco
tratamentos). Houve efeito (P<0,05) das idades de cortes para a produção total de
forragem (PTF), produção de folhas (PF), produção de colmo (PC), material morto
(MM), perfilhos vivos (PV), perfilhos mortos (PM) e altura (H). Em relação à
composição química houve efeito significativo (P<0,05), com o aumento na idade de
corte para os teores de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em
detergente ácido (FDA), celulose (CEL) e cinzas nas duas frações avaliadas (folha e
colmo), o teor de proteína bruta (PB) apresentou decréscimo significativo de acordo
com o aumento na idade de corte com 39,83% (folha) e 26,97% (colmo) dos 30 aos 90
dias de idade. Houve apenas interação significativa (P<0,05) na proporção de tecido
anatômicos da lâmina foliar, para a área do xilema (XIL), em que observou-se nas
menores idades de corte (30 e 45 dias) no NI apical e medial as maiores porcentagens
dessa estrutura 9,21 e 10,10%, respectivamente. Para a área do esclerênquima (ESC), da
bainha foliar, observou-se interação significativa. A área ocupada pelo ESC aumentou
de acordo com o avanço na maturidade. Os parâmetros de degradação da MS nas duas
frações avaliadas diminuíram significamente com o aumento na maturidade da planta. A
degradabilidade efetiva da PB nas frações folha e colmo diminuíram significamente
com o aumento na taxa de passagem (2, 5 e 8%/h). A maior taxa de degradação (c) da
PB para fração folha foi obtida aos 60 dias de idade (9,47%/h), já para o colmo aos 45
dias de idade (6,81%/h). As características agronômicas, anatômicas e o valor nutritivo
do capim-elefante são influenciados com o aumento na maturidade da planta. A
utilização do capim aos 60 dias de idade de corte implica em um ponto ótimo de
produção e qualidade.
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Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. "Assessing the relationships of chilling exposure, nonstructural carbohydrate content and foliar nitrogen applications with strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) transplant vigor and fruiting patterns in winter production systems /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Santos, Kaline Gomes dos. "Efeito da adubação foliar e condicionadores de solo no enraizamento, crescimento e rustificação de mudas clonais de Pinus spp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-20102015-160703/.
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A produção de mudas via propagação vegetativa é fundamental para se obter os ganhos desejados nos programas de melhoramento genético, bem como garantir o sucesso da implantação florestal. No entanto, existem muitos fatores que impedem a sua utilização de forma abrangente na produção de mudas para algumas espécies florestais, principalmente em relação à baixa taxa de enraizamento. Para atender a essa necessidade, pesquisas com o uso de substâncias que promovam maior taxa de enraizamento de miniestacas e crescimento de mudas vem sendo desenvolvidas, como o uso de reguladores de crescimento e de bioestimulantes à base de substâncias húmicas. Dessa forma o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar o efeito de adubos foliares e condicionadores de solo na produção de mudas clonais de híbridos de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis vs. elliottii var. elliottii e de Pinus tecunumanii vs. caribaea var. hondurensis. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em viveiro florestal na cidade de Paranapanema-SP, com delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4x2, com duração de seis meses. Foram utilizados dois condicionadores de solo, sendo o C1 à base de pescados marinhos e o C2 à base de ácidos húmicos e quatro adubos foliares, sendo AF1 à base de quitosana, AF2 à base de pescados marinhos, AF3 à base de ácido húmico e AF4 extrato da alga Ascoplhyllum nodosum, além da mistura dos adubos M1AF (AF2+AF3+AF4) e o M2AF (AF1+AF3+AF4). Foram instalados dois experimentos: 1) híbrido de P. caribaea var. hondurensis vs. elliottii var. elliottii, testando a combinação dos dois condicionadores de solo e os adubos AF2, AF3, AF4 e M1AF e 2) híbrido de P. tecunumanii vs. carearia var. hondurensis em que a única alteração nos tratamentos foi o AF2 por AF1 e o M1AF por M2AF. As mudas foram avaliadas nas três fases da seguinte forma: 1) casa de vegetação: taxa de enraizamento; 2) casa de sombra: altura, massa seca e verde da parte aérea e radicial e a relação entre elas; e 3) rustificação: avaliadas as mesmas variáveis da casa de sombra, além do estado nutricional das acículas. Para o experimento 1, a taxa de enraizamento com C2 + AF3 foi 46,67% maior quando comparada à testemunha, comprovando o efeito positivo das substâncias húmicas no enraizamento. Já na fase de rustificação, a interação C1 + AF3 promoveu maior crescimento das mudas. Para o experimento 2, não houve diferença nas taxas de enraizamento na casa de vegetação, devido a característica de rápido crescimento do P. tecunumanii. E, na fase de rustificação, o adubo foliar AF4 promoveu maior crescimento somente em altura. Na casa de sombra, os tratamentos testados não promoveram crescimento significativo para ambos os híbridos. Os teores nutricionais analisados nas acículas estão dentro dos níveis adequados para ambos os experimentos. Somente o Mn apresentou baixo teor, mas sem sintomas de deficiência no experimento 2. Os híbridos obtiveram respostas diferentes quando submetidos a tratamentos semelhantes e a determinação do tratamento adequado vai depender do gargalo na produção de mudas, podendo este ser o enraizamento ou o crescimento.<br>The production of cuttings by vegetative propagation is essential to obtain the desired accomplishment in genetic improvement programs and ensure the success of forest establishment. However there are many factors that prevent their use in a comprehensive manner considering the production of cuttings for some forest species especially in low rooting rate. In order to meet this need research on the use of substances that promote greater rooting rates of minicuttings and growth of cuttings have been developed with the use of growth regulators and biostimulants based on humic substances. Thus the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilizers and soil conditioners in the production of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis vs. elliottii var. elliottii and Pinus tecunumanii vs. caribaea var. hondurensis hybrids cuttings. The experiment was conducted in the city of Paranapanema-SP using cutting nursery with delineation of randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement 4x2, lasting six months. It used two soil conditioners, the C1 based on marine fish and C2 based on humic acids and 4 foliar fertilizers, the AF1 chitosan base, AF2 based on marine fish, AF3 based on humic acid and AF4 by Ascoplhyllum nodosum seaweed extract, besides the mixture of fertilizers M1AF (AF2;AF3;AF4) and M2AF (AF1;AF3;AF4). Two experiments were implemented: 1) hybrid of P. caribaea var. hondurensis vs. elliottii var. elliottii, testing the combination of two soil conditioners as well as fertilizers AF2, AF3, AF4 and M1AF and 2) hybrid of P. tecunumanii vs. caribaea var. hondurensis in which the only change in treatment was the AF2 by AF1 and M1AF by M2AF. Cuttings were evaluated in three phases as follows: 1) greenhouse: rooting rate; 2) shade house: higher, aerial drywet mass and radicial part as well as the relationship between them; 3) hardening: the shade house had the same variables evaluated, in addition with the nutritional status of needles. For the experiment 1, the rooting rate with C2 + AF3 were 46.67% higher compared with the control, this stated the positive effect of humic substances on rooting. Considering the hardening phase C1 + AF3 interaction promoted greater seedling growth. For the experiment 2 there was no difference in rooting rates at greenhouse, because the characteristic of fast growth of P. tecunumanii. In hardening phase, the foliar fertilizer AF4 promoted greater growth only in height. In the shade house treatments did not promote significant growth for both hybrids. Nutritional contents analyzed the needles leaves are within appropriate levels for both experiments. Mn showed only low level, but without deficiency symptoms in the experiment 2. Different answers were obtained on hybrids when subjected to similar treatment and to determine the appropriate treatment will depend on the obstaclecuttings production, which may either rooting or growth.
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Campoe, Otávio Camargo. "Efeito de práticas silviculturais sobre a produtividade primária líquida de madeira, o índice de área foliar e a eficiência do uso da luz em plantios de restauração da Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-25072008-122441/.
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Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar o melhor modelo de restauração pela manipulação da composição florística e práticas silviculturais, e compreender como este melhor desenvolvimento é explicado pelos fatores que controlam o uso e a eficiência do uso da luz pelo dossel florestal. Com esta fundamentação foi instalado em 2004, na Estação Experimental de Anhembi/ESALQ/USP, o ensaio \"Modelos de restauração de áreas degradadas da Mata Atlântica visando o seqüestro de carbono\", com 20 espécies nativas e oito sistemas de restauração florestal, baseados em um delineamento fatorial 23, com três fatores, e dois níveis por fator: i) Composição florística, com maior (67%) ou menor (50%) percentagem de pioneiras; ii) Espaçamento de plantio (3x1m e 3x2m); e iii) Manejo silvicultural, com manejo usual (maior estresse ambiental) e manejo máximo (minimização do estresse ambiental), referentes ao controle da matocompetição e fertilização. Em todos os tratamentos, até os 42 meses, foram determinados: produtividade primária líquida de madeira (PPLM), com base em inventários semestrais, determinação da densidade básica da madeira e fator de forma de todas as espécies, índice de área foliar (IAF, com calibração de fotos hemisféricas), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (RFAI, de postos meteorológicos e o IAF), eficiência do uso da luz (EUL=PPLM/RFAI) e o conteúdo de nitrogênio no dossel. Em relação ao fator Composição, as proporções de 50% ou 67% de pioneiras foram equivalentes, em todas as idades, para PPLM, IAF e EUL. Em relação ao fator Espaçamento, o plantio mais adensado (3x1m) propiciou maior estoque de biomassa aos 42 meses, comparativamente ao espaçamento 3x2m (13,0 Mg.ha-1 versus 10,3 Mg.ha-1), devido às suas maiores produtividades até os 24 meses. Porém, as PPLMs de ambos os espaçamentos não diferiram estatisticamente a partir dos 36 meses (5,5 Mg.ha-1ano-1). A maior produtividade do espaçamento 3x1m foi diretamente relacionada ao seu maior índice de área foliar entre os 36 e 42 meses, comparativamente ao espaçamento 3x2m (0,98 m2m-2 versus 0,71 m2m-2). Em relação ao fator Manejo, o manejo máximo proporcionou aumento de 4 vezes na biomassa de madeira aos 42 meses, comparativamente ao manejo usual (18,6 Mg.ha-1 versus 4,6 Mg.ha-1). Este maior estoque foi explicado por maiores IAFs (1,34 m2m-2 versus 0,34 m2m-2), levando a maiores produtividades primárias de madeira (8,5 Mg.ha-1ano-1 versus 2,4 Mg.ha-1ano-1, aos 42 meses). A interação Espaçamento x Manejo foi significativa para as três variáveis de estudo: IAF, EUL, e PPLM, mostrando que as respostas dos espaçamentos 3x1m e 3x2m à aliviação do estresse ambiental são distintas, e que o espaçamento 3x2m requer uma silvicultura mais intensiva para expressar sua máxima produtividade. Finalmente, a PPLM mostrou-se altamente relacionada com o IAF no verão (36 meses) (r2=0,96), sendo que a incorporação do conteúdo de nitrogênio no dossel elevou ainda mais tal relação (r2=0,99), evidenciando o alto potencial de utilização destas duas variáveis como diagnóstico da qualidade e produtividade de florestas de restauração. Assim, para as condições deste estudo o melhor modelo seria: Composição com 50%:50% de pioneiras:não-pioneiras, espaçamento 3x2m, e necessariamente, manejo máximo, com controle da matocompetição das gramíneas (Brachiaria decumbens) e fertilização.<br>The purpose of this study was to indentify the most appropriated restoration model by manipulating floristic composition and silvicultural practices, and to understand how the best development was explained by the factors that controls light use and light use efficiency at the canopy. A \"Restoration models for Atlantic Forest disturbed lands aiming carbon sequestration\" experiment was installed in 2004 using 20 Brazilian woody species and 8 forest restoration systems, in a factorial 23 design, with 3 factors and two levels per factor: i) Floristic composition with 67% and 50% of pioneer species; ii) Plant spacing (3x1m e 3x2m); and iii) Silvicultural management with usual (higher environmental stress level); and maximum (lower environmental stress level) silvicultural practices due to weed control and fertilization. Wood net primary production (WNPP), based on inventory surveys and wood density of all 20 species, leaf area index (LAI, with hemispherical pictures), absorbed photossintetically active radiation (APAR, on meteorological stations and LAI), light use efficiency (LUE=WNPP/APAR) and canopy nitrogen content was measured or estimated up to 42 months-old. The floristic composition proportion, with 50% and 67% of pioneers, were statistically equivalent, in all ages, for WNPP, LAI and LUE. The 3x1m spacing provided larger biomass stock at age of 42 months, comparatively to the 3x2m planting (13.0 Mg.ha-1 versus 10.3 Mg. ha-1), due a higher productivity until 24 months. However, WNPP of both spacing were equivalent after 36 months (5.5 Mg.ha-1year-1). The higher productivity of the 3x1m spacing was directly related to its greater leaf area index comparatively to the 3x2m spacing (0,98 m2m-2 versus 0.71 m2m-2). The maximum silvicultural practices provided a 4-fold increase on wood biomass at age 42 months, comparatively to the usual practices (18.6 Mg.ha-1 versus 4.6 Mg.ha-1). This larger stock was explained by a higher LAI (1.34 m2m-2 versus 0.34 m2m-2) leading to higher WNPP (8.5 Mg.ha-1year-1 versus 2.4 Mg. ha-1year-1, at 42 months). The Spacing x Management interaction was significant for LAI, LUE and WNPP, meaning that 3x2m and 3x1m spacing had distinct responses to environmental stress levels, showing that 3x2m depends on intensive silvicultural practices to express its maximum productivity. Finally, the WNPP was strongly related to LAI during summer months (at 36 months) (r2=0,96), and this relationship increased by the inclusion of canopy nitrogen content, showing that these two variables have a potential to be used to evaluate forest restoration quality and productivity. Thus, for the study conditions, the best model was: Composition 50%:50% of pioneer:non-pioneer species, 3x2m spacing, and the maximum silvicultural practices, with total weed control (Brachiaria decumbens) and fertilization.
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Roman, Juliano. "Relação planta-animal em diferentes intensidades de pastejo com ovinos em azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10895.
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This work aimed to evaluate the utilization of different grazing intensity on the productive and structural characteristics of pasture and on the ingestive behaviour and performance of sheep in continuous grazing. The treatment were different herbage masses (HM) in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture: LHM: 1000-1200 kg/ha of dry matter (DM); IHM: 1400-1600 kg/ha DM; HHM: 1800-2000 kg/ha DM. The experimental design was the randomly complete, with three treatments and two area replicates. The data were submitted at the regression analysis in function of HM observed in the experimental units: 1136.8, 1190.9, 1359.2, 1375, 1556 e 1739.1 kg/ha DM. The values of leaf lamina mass, pseudostem mass, forage allowance, leaf lamina allowance, sward height, pseudostem height, leaf lamina depth and average daily gain increased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). Quadratic effect (P<0.10) in herbage production, herbage losses and herbage disappearance were observed. The stocking rate (kg/ha of live weight and hoggets/ha) and bite rate decreased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). No HM effects (P>0.10) on the tiller population density, herbage daily accumulation rate, percentage of pasture utilization, herbage intake, grazing time, ruminating time, idle time, number of daily bite, bite mass, body condition score gain, live weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in live
weight were observed. Herbage mass varying among 1136.8 a 1739.1 hg/ha DM in Italian ryegrass pasture affect the herbage production and herbage losses, without influence in the percentage of pasture utilization, weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in animal product. The main factor determining individual performance of animals is the leaf lamina layer depth<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes intensidades de pastejo sobre as características produtivas e estruturais da pastagem e sobre o comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos em pastejo contínuo. Os tratamentos foram diferentes massas de forragem (MF) em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): MFB: 1000-1200 kg/ha de matéria seca (MS); MFI: 1400-1600 kg/ha MS;
MFA: 1800-2000 kg/ha MS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão em função das MF observadas nas unidades experimentais: 1136,8, 1190,9, 1359,2, 1375, 1556 e 1739,1 kg/ha MS. Os valores de massa de lâminas foliares e de pseudocolmo, oferta de forragem e de lâminas foliares, altura de dossel e de pseudocolmo, profundidade de lâminas foliares e ganho médio diário aumentaram linearmente com aumento da MF (P<0,10). Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,10) para produção, perdas e desaparecimento de forragem. A carga
animal (kg/ha PV), taxa de lotação (borregas/ha) e taxa de bocadas diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da MF (P<0,10). Não houve efeito das MF avaliadas (P>0,10) na densidade populacional de perfilhos, taxa de acumulação diária de forragem, porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, consumo de forragem, tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio, número diário de bocadas, massa de bocado, ganho de condição corporal, ganho de peso vivo por área e eficiência de conversão de forragem em peso vivo. Massas de forragem variando de 1136,8 a 1739,1 kg/ha MS em pastagem de azevém afetam a produção e perdas de forragem, sem
influenciar a porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, o ganho de peso vivo por área e a eficiência de transformação da forragem em produto animal. O principal fator determinante
do desempenho individual dos animais é a profundidade da camada de lâminas foliares
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Zuim, Carlos Eduardo [UNESP]. "Efeito de adubação orgânica e mineral e culturas de entressafra na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98880.
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zuim_ce_me_ilha.pdf: 206454 bytes, checksum: 21d45110bfb35795b4aee587ba2a4496 (MD5)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>A busca pela qualidade do solo como base de sustentação do sistema de produção, tem aumentado o desafio de compreender um sistema que, além de reduzir sensivelmente a degradação do meio ambiente, pode permitir maior retorno econômico ao agricultor. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de abril de 2005 a abril de 2006, com o objetivo de avaliar na cultura da soja, no sistema de plantio direto, o efeito de diferentes culturas de cobertura e presença ou ausência de adubação orgânica e mineral. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Guararapes-SP (50°39’W, 21°09’S e 412 m de altitude aproximadamente) em um Latossolo Vermelho amarelo, com textura média, sendo cultivado com culturas anuais a partir de 1993. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em um esquema fatorial 5x2x2, ou seja, 5 culturas de cobertura (milho, milheto, sorgo, braquiária e mamona), cultivadas no período de outono/inverno, na presença e ausência de adubação orgânica (11.512 kg/ha de esterco de galinha), sendo semeado em sucessão, a cultura da soja, cultivar MGBR 46 (Conquista), na presença ou ausência de adubação mineral (500 kg/ha da fórmula 02-20-15). As culturas de cobertura e a soja foram irrigadas pelo sistema pivô central. As avaliações constaram da produção de massa seca das culturas de cobertura, estado nutricional da soja no florescimento pleno, características agronômicas e produção de grãos da soja e características químicas do solo, em diferentes profundidades, após o cultivo da soja. Através dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o milho apresentou maior produção de massa seca como cultura de cobertura, mas todas as...<br>The search for the soil quality as sustentation base of production system, has stimulated the challenge to understand a system that, beyond sensibly reducing the environment degradation, may allows greater economic return to the farmer. Thus, the present work was developed in the period of April 2005 to April 2006, with the objective to evaluate in soybean crop, in no tillage system, the effect of different cover crops and presence or absence of organic and mineral fertilization. The work was developed at the municipal district of Guararapes, State of São Paulo (50°39' W, 21°09' S and 412 m altitude approximately) in a Typic Haplustox, with sandy texture, being cultivated with annual crops since 1993. The exeprimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications, with treatments disposed in a 5x2x2 factorial scheme, i.e., five cover crops (corn, millet, sorghum, braquiaria grass and castor bean), cultivated in the autumn/winter period, in presence and absence of organic fertilization (11,512 kg ha-1 of chicken manure fertilizer), being sowedin succession of soybean crop, MGBR 46 cultivar, in presence or absence of mineral fertilization (500 kg ha-1 of 02-20-15 formula). The cover cultures and soybean had been irrigated by center pivot irrigation systems.The evaluations was cover crops dry matter production, nutritional status in flowering, agronomic characteristics and soybean grain production, soil chemical characteristis, in different depths, after soybean. Through the obtained results, it verified that the corn presents greater dry matter production as cover crop, but all the evaluated cover crops are adjusted to precede soybean; organic fertilization increases cover crop dry matter production, beyond provided significant P, Ca and K increases in 0 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.10 m depth and P and K in 0.10 to 0.20 m depth; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Balasubramaniam, Rengasamy. "The effects of foliar diseases and irrigation on root development, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1514.
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Studies were conducted on three field trials of wheat cv. Kopara to investigate the lack of compensation by later determined components of yield because of early disease constraints. The investigation was based on the hypothesis that early disease reduces root development and thus causes the plants to be water constrained at later growth stages when soil water deficits usually occur. The reduced root development and soil water deficits may reduce the ability of the plant to compensate for reductions in early determined components. The hypothesis was tested by the application of irrigation to alleviate water stress. In a disease free crop, the possible phytotonic effects of the fungicides benomyl and triadimefon on wheat were investigated. These fungicides had no phytotonic effects on shoot, root growth, or yield under the prevailing conditions. The effect of disease on root development was analysed by root length measurements. Disease present in the crop at any stage of growth affected root development. Root development in the upper zones of the soil profile was reduced more by disease compared to those zones below 35 cm. A full disease epidemic reduced root development more than an early or late disease epidemic. The early and late disease epidemics had similar effects on root length. Alleviation of early disease constraints enabled greater development of roots to offset any earlier reductions. Soil water deficits increased root development in the lower zones of the nil disease plants. The presence of adequate soil water from irrigation reduced the requirement for further root growth in all treatments. In the 1981-1982 field trial a full disease epidemic reduced yield by 14% whereas an early disease epidemic reduced yield by 7%. The reduction in yield was attributed to a lower grain number. With irrigation the yield reduction in the full disease plants was 12% whereas in the early disease plants the reduction was only 2.4%. This indicated that plants affected by the early disease epidemic were water constrained. In this study, the results suggested that, for conditions prevailing in Canterbury, the supply of water at later growth stages increased grain weight in plants which were subject to early disease epidemics. This suggests that reduced root development caused by early disease and soil water deficits may prevent compensation by grain weight. Water use was similar in all disease treatments. After irrigation the irrigated plants of all treatments used more water. Disease affected water use in relation to yield production however, and was better expressed by water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was reduced in the full disease plants. A stepwise regression analysis suggested that water use efficiency was affected directly by disease at later growth stages, and indirectly via an effect on total green leaf area at early growth stages. This study partially proves the hypothesis that reductions in root development caused by an early disease epidemic may constrain the plants at later growth stages when water deficits usually occur. It was shown that the reduction in root development caused by disease could be counteracted by irrigation. In this respect, water served as a tool to study the effect of disease constraints on the yield of wheat. A knowledge of cereal crop physiology, root growth and function is used to explain and discuss the observations made in this research programme. The results are discussed in relation to the way in which disease affects yield through its effect on root development. The possible reasons for the continued effects of disease even after the control of disease at later growth stages are discussed. The economic use of fungicides and water in diseased crops are also outlined. Suggestions for future studies on disease-yield loss relationships are provided. The repetition of these experiments in different sites and climatic regions could provide information which may be incorporated in disease-yield loss simulation models. This could then be used to predict root development and water requirements of diseased plants, and provide a basis for economic use of fungicides and water, and for better disease management programmes.
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Trigui, Ahmed. "Relations entre le climat, le sol et la production de la variété d'olivier Chemlali (Olea europea L. ) dans la région de Sfax (Tunisie) : contribution à l'étude bioclimatique de l'espèce par l'analyse des propriétés biophysiques, structurales et spectrales des feuilles et des arbres." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20267.
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L'etude du milieu edapho-climatique de la region de sfax (tunisie) montre que le regime des pluies est caracterise par une insuffisance et une irregularite chroniques; la periode d'activite de l'olivier coincide avec une longue periode seche accentuee par le climat solaire et le regime thermique; le role du sol est par consequent determinant dans la vie de la plante. L'analyse de series de donnees de 47 annees de productions d'olives montre que celle-ci presente des variations qui sont liees aux pluviometries accentuees par le type de sol, de meme qu'a l'age et a l'etat productif ou non des oliviers. Les etudes de cas realisees debauchent sur des propositions d'amenagement et sur des alternatives d'amelioration de la production des olivettes
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Fernández, M. Celeste. "Variabilidad morfológica de las vainas y propiedades nutricionales de la harina de Prosopis flexuosa DC y Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2020. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/14166.
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Las especies del género Prosopis (algarrobos) proveen uno de los principales Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNMs) del desierto del Monte y han tenido un rol relevante como fuente de subsistencia para las comunidades habitantes de la mayoría de las regiones áridas de América. Los algarrobales de la Provincia Fitogeográfica del Monte, están dominados especialmente por P. flexuosa DC. y P. chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz. Las diferencias florísticas, fisonómicas y en la estructura del bosque de algarrobos responden a diferencias ambientales, principalmente climáticas y en la historia de uso. P. chilensis y P. flexuosa presentan una gran variabilidad inter e intrapoblacional en caracteres morfológicos y fisiológicos que permitirían la selección de características deseables. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características de las vainas y harina de diferentes especies y procedencias de algarrobos del Monte, como información base para el aprovechamiento humano de sus frutos. Se analiza tanto las características morfológicas como las propiedades químicas del fruto a través de Análisis de la Varianza (ANOVA) y se realiza la prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey. También, se realiza un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para relacionar las variables morfológicas y químicas con las procedencias. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las características morfológicas de los frutos de P. flexuosa y P. chilensis tienen gran variabilidad entre procedencias y entre individuos, a lo largo del gradiente geográfico del Monte y que las vainas de la zona Norte se diferencian de las vainas de la zona Sur. En relación a la caracterización química de la harina de ambas especies, tanto entre las norteñas como entre las del Norte y Sur, presentan similitudes en cuanto a sus propiedades nutricionales. Esto conlleva a que puedan utilizarse indistintamente ambas harinas. Además, la harina de P. flexuosa de Telteca presenta elevados contenidos de carbohidratos solubles comparado con la de Ñacuñán y esto podría relacionarse con la tolerancia al estrés hídrico de los algarrobos.<br>Prosopis species (mesquite trees) provides one of the main Non-Wood Forest Products of the Monte Desert and have had a relevant role as a source of livelihood for the inhabitants of most arid regions of America. The mesquite dry forest of the Phytogeographic Province of Monte, are dominated by P. flexuosa DC. and P. chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz. The floristic composition, physiognomic differences and structure of mesquite forest’s respond to environmental differences, due to climatic and past human use. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the pods and flour of different species and geographical origin of mesquite trees in the Monte desert, collecting basic information for human use of their fruits. Both the morphological variables and the chemical properties of the fruit are analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey means comparison test was performed. Also, a principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to relate the morphological and chemical variables to the different locations. Morphological characteristics of the fruits of P. flexuosa and P. chilensis had large variability between geographical origin and between individuals in the same location. Pod morphology from the North was different from those collected in P. flexuosa trees at the South. Both species did not register significant variation in their nutritional properties throughout the Monte Region and both can be used interchangeably. P. flexuosa flour from Mendoza had high levels of soluble sugars and carbohydrates in Telteca compared to Ñacuñán in Mendoza and this could be related to the tolerance to water stress of mesquite trees.<br>Fil: Fernández, M. Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
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Loiseau, Elise. "Théâtralité de la scène de folie dans l'oeuvre de John Cassavetes et Martin Scorsese." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030069.
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Dans l’œuvre de John Cassavetes et de Martin Scorsese, la folie s’incarne selon deux modalités opposées: affectivité débordante chez l’un, enfermement mental et pulsion destructrice chez l’autre. La représentation de la folie implante dans l’image cinématographique une théâtralité spécifique, dont cette thèse explore les dimensions. La théâtralité d’un film peut d’abord être engendrée par le travail sur l’espace. Il est alors reconfiguré aux dimensions de la scène de théâtre, et affranchi du réalisme traditionnellement rattaché au cinéma. La représentation se resserre sur l’acteur qui incarne des personnages hystériques (chez Cassavetes) ou histrioniques (chez Scorsese). La mise en scène de ces troubles de la personnalité intimement liés au regard de l’autre et à la surexpressivité injecte une forte théâtralité dans l’image filmique. Or, cette intensité, voire cette violence, font de la folie un objet de représentation problématique. Lorsque l’image est fascinante, elle aliène le regard du spectateur qui n’est plus en mesure de penser la représentation. Intervient alors une autredimension de la théâtralité, envisagée comme dispositif permettant d’affranchir le regard du spectateur. Chacun à leur manière, Cassavetes ouvrant la voie, les deux cinéastes ont tenté d’investir le cinéma indépendant américain d’un pouvoir d’émancipation face à un medium dont ils savaient pleinement la puissance<br>In their films, John Cassavetes and Martin Scorsese portray madness in opposite ways: exuberant affectivity for the former, and mental isolation and destructive impulse for the latter. The representation of madness embeds in the filmic image a specific theatricality, which this thesis explores more in depth.One can produce theatricality in a film firstly by working on the space itself, whose dimensions are reconfigured to match those of a stage and is freed of the elements of realism traditionally associated with cinema. The focus is turned fully on the actor who embodies characters that are hysterical (Cassavetes) or histrionic (Scorsese). The staging (or mise en scene) of these personality disorders, intimately linked to the gaze of the other and to superexpressivity, injects theatricality into the filmic image. However, this intensity, or even violence, makes madness a problematic object of representation. When the image is fascinating, it alienates the gaze of the viewer who can no longer think (reflect on?) about the performance. That’s when another dimension of theatricality intervenes, as a way to free the viewer’s gaze. Both filmmakers, with Cassavetes paving the way, have in their own specific ways, attempted to invest independent American cinema with a capacity for emancipation in the face of a medium whose power they only knew too well
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Tomaz, Zeni Fonseca Pinto. "Clonagem de porta-enxertos e produção de mudas de pessegueiro em sistemas de cultivo sem solo." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2106.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-08<br>The objective of this study to get peach seedlings without soil cultivation
system, from of rootstocks cloned through minicutting. The experiment was
conducted in a greenhouse with controlled temperature located in the Didactic
Field and Experimental Plant Science Department, Federal University of
Pelotas (UFPel-RS), in the period from March 2010 to November 2011. Were
evaluated variables relating to the rooting percentage of minicutting; the survival
of minicutting after transplanting cultivation systems; height (cm); the lateral shoot number; the diameter (mm) at the base, 10 and 15cm; the foliar contents of macronutrients and micronutrients of rootstocks; the index of establishment; the lateral shoot number and the height of the cultivation of grafted Cup. The obtained results demonstrated that in article 3 the rootstock 'Capdeboscq' presented surviving 80% percentage in soilless cultivation system. The system of cultivation without soil improves the self-rooted of peach seedlings development, article 2, in relation to production in packaging. The rootstocks of Okinawa and Flordaguard cultivars, articles 1 and 3, were on average 70% of the index of establishment when grafted 'Maciel' in system of cultivation without soil. The average content of macronutrients presents similar relationship for macronutrients determined by leaf analysis, sampled in peach orchards, producing region of Pelotas. Clonal rootstocks provide greater height of scion grafted, articles 4 and 5. The system of cultivation without soil allows plants to have a rapid development, with reduction of vegetative cycle time, and reduction of the time for the obtaining of seedlings.<br>Objetivou-se com o presente estudo obter mudas de pessegueiro em sistema de cultivo sem solo, a partir de porta-enxertos clonados através da miniestaquia. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com temperatura controlada e em estufa agrícola localizadas no Campo Didático e Experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel/RS), no período de março de 2010 a novembro de 2011. Foram avaliadas variáveis referentes à porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas; a sobrevivência das miniestacas após
o transplantio para os sistemas de cultivo; o comprimento (cm); o número de brotações laterais; os diâmetros (mm) na base, 10 e 15cm; o conteúdo foliar de macronutrientes e micronutrientes dos porta-enxertos; o índice de pega da
enxertia; o número de brotações laterais e a comprimento da cultivar copa enxertada. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que no artigo 3 Capdeboscq‟ apresentou 80% de porcentagem de sobrevivência em sistema de cultivo sem
solo. O sistema de cultivo sem solo melhora o desenvolvimento das mudas autoenraizadas de pessegueiro, artigo 2, em relação à produção em embalagens. Os porta-enxertos das cultivares Okinawa e Flordaguard, artigos
1 e 3, apresentaram em média 70% de índice de pega quando enxertado Maciel‟ em sistema de cultivo sem solo. O teor médio dos macronutrientes apresenta relação semelhante naqueles determinados pela análise foliar, em
amostras colhidas em pomares de pessegueiro, da região produtora de Pelotas. Os porta-enxertos clonais proporcionam maior altura de cultivar copa enxertada, artigos 4 e 5. O sistema de cultivo sem solo permite que as plantas
tenham um desenvolvimento acelerado, com diminuição do ciclo vegetativo, podendo diminuir o tempo de obtenção de mudas.
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Filhol, Emmanuel. "La Communication psychotique et la question du père : récit et folie : pour une approche de la singularité psychotique à partir de la production orale et écrite d'enfants et d'adolescents d'un hopital de jour." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30015.
Full textAbstract:
A partir de la communication orale et ecrite d'enfants et d'adolescents d'un hopital de jour, centree sur la question du pere, on cherche a montrer comment l'experience singuliere de la folie, dans ce qu'elle a de troublant, se deploie a travers le champ du discours. L'approche theorique, d'ordre pluridisciplinaire (theories de la communication, linguistique de l'enonciation, pragmatique, perspective psychanalytique - freud et lacan - , incursion dans le domaine de la litterature - textes de la modernite - , et dans celui du mythe - tragedie grecque -), permet de rendre compte du degre de division et de tension qui caracterise le fonction- nement du sujet de l'enonciation psychotique. Le narrateur psychotique n'est pas completement aliene au desir de l'autre (le pouvoir despotique du pere) mais se debat en permanence (au niveau des signifiants de son discours et dans le jeu du transfert) entre une position de sujet et d'assujettissement. Le probleme majeur auquel il se heurte, c'est de pouvoir durablement imprimer le chiffre d'une singula- rite, qu'il marquerait du sceau inviolable de son identite. On ne sait pas qui parle qui tient le discours (phenomene d'enchevetrement des voix). La derive linguistique du psychotique (comme echappatoire a la persecution) comporte le risque d'une dis- parition, d'un evanouissement du locuteur. La difficulte a s'inscrire comme sujet vivant et desirant, la defaillance du symbolique, le defaut de la difference (sexuelle), designent les effets ravageants, sur la personne de l'enfant, de la forclusion parternelle<br>This is an attempt to demonstrate through the oral and written utterances of children and adolescents in a mental day-hospital and focusing the father question how the singular experience of invanity in its disturbing aspect spreads out across the field of discursive reasoning. The theoretical approach which is of an interdisciplinary nature (it involves communication theories, utterance linguistics, pragmatics, the psychoanalytical viewpoint, freud and lacan, forays into literature with modernity texts and into the world of myths with greek tragedy) allows to keep up-to-date records of the stages of division and tension characterizing the functioning of the producer of psychotical utterances. The psychotic narrator is not entirely alienated from the other's desire (the father's despotic power) but he keeps struggling (at the level of signifiers in his language and of the process of transference) into or out of a subject's or a subjected one's position. The major problem he comes up against lies in his inability to create a long-term singularity bearing the impregnable stamp of his own identity. The actual narrator cannot be identified due to the muddling up of both voices. The linguistic drift of the psychotic being (as a flight from persecution) might result in his fading out as a narrator. The difficulty in bringing himself out as a subject alive and desiring, the failure to resort to a symbolic system, the lack of (sexual) difference point out the devastating effects of the father's debarment on the child's personality
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Filhol, Emmanuel. "La Communication psychotique et la question du père récit et folie : pour une approche de la singularité psychotique à partir de la production orale et écrite d'enfants et d'adolescents d'un hôpital de jour /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376050686.
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Dellai, Jacso. "Densidade de plantio e poda da parte aérea na partição de massa seca de plantas de batata em hidroponia." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5114.
Full textAbstract:
Hydroponic system is an important improvement of the potato production process of tuber seeds. There is no enough information about management techniques of hydroponically cultivated potato. A main problem of this production system is the excessive shoot growth, which results in a low propagation rate. Planting density and pruning may change the relationship between shoot and tuber growth, affecting dry matter partitioning. The objective of this work was to study the effect of planting density and pruning in the dry matter partitioning of hydroponically cultivated potato plants to reduce shoot growth an increase tuber dry matter accumulation. One experiment was carried out to study the effect of planting density in the growth and dry matter partitioning of potato plants during spring 2004. Planting densities of 25, 44, 100 and 400 hills.m-2 were evaluated. Another experiment was carried out to study the effect of leaf area restriction with pruning in the dry matter partitioning during fall and spring 2005 growing seasons. The treatments were pruning aerial parts of plants at 10, 20, and 30 cm height
and control (with no pruning). Planting density and pruning affected dry matter partitioning of hydroponically cultivated potato plants. Planting density of 100 hills.m-2 results in the highest plant growth and tuber fraction production. This density should be used to the production of potato in hydroponic system. Increasing hill density improves tuber number yield without reducing tuber dry matter production. Pruning plants at 30 cm high is a management practice that can be used to restrict shoot growth of potato plants grown hydroponically, with small yield reduction during spring.<br>O sistema hidropônico mostra-se como um importante avanço no processo de produção de tubérculos-semente de batata. Existe carência de informações a respeito das técnicas de manejo a serem adotadas no cultivo hidropônico de batata,
principalmente por se tratar de uma técnica recente. Dentre os problemas apresentados por esse sistema, destaca-se o excessivo crescimento da parte aérea das plantas, o que afeta a eficiência do processo de multiplicação de tubérculos. A densidade de plantio e a poda da parte aérea interferem no equilíbrio entre o crescimento dos compartimentos vegetativo e generativo, modificando a distribuição dos assimilados na
planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da densidade de plantio e da poda da parte aérea sobre a partição de massa seca de plantas de batata cultivadas em
hidroponia, visando reduzir o crescimento da parte aérea e aumentar a translocação de massa seca para os tubérculos. Foi conduzido um experimento para estudar o efeito da
densidade de plantio no crescimento e na partição de massa seca de plantas de batata durante a primavera de 2004. As densidades de plantio utilizadas foram 25, 44, 100 e 400 covas.m-2. Foi conduzido outro experimento para estudar o efeito de restrições no crescimento da área foliar, através da poda verde, na partição de massa seca no outono e primavera de 2005. Os tratamentos foram a poda da parte aérea sempre que as plantas atingiam a altura de 10, 20 e 30 cm e a testemunha sem poda. A densidade de plantio e a poda verde alteraram a partição de massa seca de plantas de batata cultivadas em hidroponia. O crescimento das plantas e a fração tubérculos atingiram a saturação a partir da densidade de 100 covas.m-2, a qual pode ser empregada para a produção de batata em sistema hidropônico. O incremento da densidade de plantio aumenta o número de tubérculos sem afetar a produção de massa seca de tubérculos. A poda verde a 30 cm de altura pode ser empregada para restringir o crescimento da parte aérea de plantas de batata cultivadas em hidroponia, porém com uma pequena redução de produtividade no cultivo de primavera.
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Artur, Adriana Guirado. "Adubações com nitrogênio e enxofre: frações no solo, características estruturais, nutricionais, produtivas e uso da água pelo capim-marandu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-08022011-092953/.
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A adubação equilibrada com nitrogênio e enxofre pode alterar a nutrição e produção das gramíneas forrageiras. Mediante as aplicações de combinações de doses de nitrogênio com doses de enxofre, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos: a) nas frações desses nutrientes no solo e correlacionar com as quantidades acumuladas desses nutrientes pela Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; b) nas variáveis de crescimento, concentração total e formas inorgânicas de nitrogênio e enxofre e relação N:S nas raízes da gramínea forrageira; c) no consumo e eficiência do uso da água pela gramínea; d) nas variáveis estruturais, produção de massa seca e na quantidade acumulada desses nutrientes no capim-marandu e, e) na diagnose nutricional de nitrogênio e enxofre no capim, buscando determinar os níveis críticos para esses nutrientes. Dois experimentos simultâneos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, um com e outro sem o capim-marandu, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2008, utilizando um solo classificado como Neossolo Quartzarênico. Cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 mg dm-3) foram combinadas com cinco doses de enxofre (0; 10; 20; 30 e 40 mg dm-3) em um fatorial 52 fracionado, com quatro repetições. No experimento sem plantas verificou-se o efeito da adubação com doses de nitrogênio e enxofre nas frações desses nutrientes no solo. A adubação com nitrogênio aumentou as frações inorgânicas de nitrato e amônio, nitrogênio total hidrolisável, nitrogênio amoniacal hidrolisável, aminoaçúcar e nitrogênio não identificado. A aplicação de doses de enxofre incrementou enxofre-éster e o enxofre residual do solo. No experimento com plantas observou-se que o fornecimento de doses de nitrogênio com doses de enxofre aumentou a massa seca de raízes, as concentrações de enxofre, nitrato e sulfato nas raízes, enquanto o comprimento e a superfície radicular, concentrações de nitrogênio e de amônio e relação N:S no sistema radicular responderam significativamente às doses de nitrogênio. Ocorreu aumento no consumo e na eficiência do uso da água pelo capim com adubação combinada de doses de nitrogênio com doses de enxofre. Número de folhas, número de perfilhos, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea e quantidade acumulada de nutrientes pela parte aérea do capim responderam significativamente à adubação nitrogenada no primeiro corte das plantas, mas houve a necessidade de adicionar o enxofre na adubação com nitrogênio para maximizar essas variáveis nos dois crescimentos seguintes do capim. Apenas a adubação com nitrogênio foi significativa no primeiro período de crescimento, enquanto as combinações de doses de nitrogênio com doses de enxofre foram significativas no segundo e terceiro períodos de crescimento para o valor SPAD, concentrações de nitrogênio e enxofre e relação N:S nas folhas diagnósticas do capim. Correlações significativas entre a concentração de nitrogênio nas folhas diagnósticas e o valor SPAD foram observadas para os três períodos de crescimento do capim. A falta de resposta ao enxofre no primeiro período de crescimento da gramínea mostrou a baixa demanda por esse nutriente nessa fase. Os benefícios da adubação nitrogenada foram maximizados pelo suprimento conjunto com enxofre nos dois períodos subseqüentes de crescimento do capim-marandu.<br>Nitrogen and sulphur balanced fertilization may change mineral nutrition and yield of forage grasses. Based on the supply of combinations of nitrogen and sulphur rates, the objectives were to evaluate the effects: a) in these nutrient fractions in the soil and to correlate this fractions with nitrogen and sulphur content in Brachiaria brizantha; b) the combination of nitrogen rates with sulphur rates on the root growth characteristics, in nitrogen and sulphur, total concentration and inorganic forms and N:S ratio in roots of the forage grass; c) on water consumption and efficient use by Marandu palisadegrass; d) on structural characteristics, aboveground forage yield and nutrient content in the grass and e) on nutritional diagnosis of these nutrients in the forage, trying to obtain the critical levels of these nutrients. Two experiments were carried out at the same time under greenhouse conditions, one with and one without the Marandu palisadegrass from September to December 2008, and the soil was an Entisol. Five nitrogen rates (0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 mg dm-3) were combined with five sulphur rates (0; 10; 20; 30 and 40 mg dm-3) in fractionated 52 factorial, with four replications. In the experiment without plants, the nitrogen and sulphur fertilization changed these nutrients fractions in the soil. Nitrogen fertilization increased inorganic fractions of nitrate and ammonium, hydrolyzable total nitrogen, hydrolyzable ammonium, amino sugars and unidentified nitrogen. Application of sulphur rates increased estersulphur and residual sulphur in the soil. In the experiment with plants, supply of both nitrogen and sulphur increased root dry matter production, total sulphur, nitrate and sulphate-sulphur concentrations, while for total root length and root surface area, total nitrogen and ammonium concentrations and N:S only ratio nitrogen rates had significant responses. Nitrogen and sulphur rates increased the water consumption and efficiency of use by grass. Numbers of leaves, number of tillers, leaf area, shoot dry masss and nitrogen content in the shoots of forage grass showed significant responses to nitrogen fertilization in the first growth period but it was necessary to add sulphur in the fertilization to maximize these variables for following two growth period of the grass. Only nitrogen fertilization was significant in the first growth period, while the combinations of nitrogen and sulphur rates were significant for the SPAD value, concentrations of nitrogen and sulphur and N:S ratio in diagnostic leaves of the grass. Significant correlation was observed for nitrogen concentration in diagnostic leaves and SPAD value the three growth periods. Sulphur demand by Marandu palissadegrass was low in the first growth period, but the nitrogen fertilization benefits were maximized by adding sulphur in the fertilization of this grass.
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Valente, Bruno Stefano Miranda. "ComposiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e digestibilidade da dieta e desempenho produtivo de ovinos em capim-tanzÃnia sob trÃs frequÃncias de desfolhaÃÃo e dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1713.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>A pesquisa foi conduzida no campo avanÃado do NÃcleo de Ensinos e Estudos em Forragicultura-NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC (www.neef.ufc.br), localizado na fazenda experimental Vale do Curu â FEVC/CCA/UFC, em Pentecoste/CE. Objetivou-se avaliar a composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e digestibilidade da dieta consumida e o desempenho produtivo de ovinos pastejando em Panicum maximum cv. tanzÃnia sob trÃs freqÃÃncias de desfolhaÃÃo determinadas pela interceptaÃÃo da radiaÃÃo fotossintÃticamente ativa (IRFA) de 85, 95 e 97% e dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo, determinados pelos Ãndices de Ãrea foliar (IAF) residuais de 1,0 e 1,8. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3x2 (trÃs freqÃÃncias de desfolhaÃÃo e dois resÃduos pÃs pastejo), com quatro repetiÃÃes para as variÃveis do pasto (piquetes) e seis para as variÃveis relacionadas aos animais (ovinos). Foram utilizados 90 ovinos sem padrÃo racial definido (SPRD), com peso vivo mÃdio inicial de 20,0 kg. Em cada tratamento foram utilizados 6 ovinos, resultando em 36 animais de prova. Os demais ovinos foram utilizados como animais de equilÃbrio, quando necessÃrio para rebaixar o pasto para o IAF residual preconizado para aquele tratamento, ao final do 4Â dia de pastejo. Para determinaÃÃo da composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica, digestibilidade e ensaio de cinÃtica de degradaÃÃo da matÃria seca da dieta, foi realizada uma simulaÃÃo de pastejo no 1Â e 4Â dia de ocupaÃÃo. Foi avaliado ainda o ensaio de desempenho animal, alÃm da determinaÃÃo da capacidade de suporte em cada sistema sob lotaÃÃo rotativa. A diminuiÃÃo da freqÃÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo reduziu o valor nutritivo do capim-tanzÃnia e o desempenho dos ovinos. Maior rendimento de peso vivo animal por Ãrea ao longo do ano foi obtido na freqÃÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo de 85% nos dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo e na freqÃÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo intermediÃria, apenas no Ãndice de Ãrea foliar residual de 1,0. Portanto, recomenda-se adotar uma freqÃÃncia de esfolhaÃÃo no ix capim-tanzÃnia menor ou igual a 95% de interceptaÃÃo da radiaÃÃo fotossinteticamente ativa, com um IAF residual de 1,0, a fim de compatibilizar os objetivos de produÃÃo animal e manutenÃÃo da qualidade do pasto no longo prazo.<br>The research was carried out at the advanced field of the Forage Teaching and Research Nucleus - NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC (www.neef.ufc.br), located at Curu Valley Experimental Farm - FEVC/CCA/UFC, in Pentecoste/CE. The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional value of the simulated diet and the productive performance of sheep grazing in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under three defoliation frequencies, determined by the interception of the photosynthetically active radiation in canopy (PAR) of 85, 95 and 97 % and two post-grazing residues, determined by the residual leaf area index (LAI) of 1.0 and 1.8. A completely randomized design in factorial arrangement 3x2 (three defoliation frequencies and two residues after graze), with four repetitions for the variable of the grass (poles) and around the six (sheep) for the variable related to the animals, having still cycles of graze as measured repeated in the time. 90 sheep without defined breeding standard had been used (SPRD), averaging an initial live weight of 20.0 kg were used. 6 sheep were allocated to each treatment, resulting in 36 tester sheep. The others 44 sheep were used as put-and-taken animal, to keep the canopy as established by the end of the grazing period. For determination of the chemical composition assay, digestibility and an in situ dry matter degradation trial, a simulation of grazing in 1st and 4th days was carried out. An animal performance assay was conducted, beyond the determination of the carrying capacity in each grazing system. The defoliation frequency reduction diminished the diet nutritional value and the sheep performance. The highest animal live weight productivity toward the year was obtained in the 85% defoliation frequency on both post-grazing residues and at the intermediate defoliation frequency only at the residual leaf area index of 1.0. So, one xi recommends to adopt a defoliation frequency of tanzania grass up to 95% of photosynthetically active radiation interception, with a residual LAI of 1.0 to obtain a compromise between the objectives of animal production and forage quality maintenance in the long term.
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Zuim, Carlos Eduardo. "Efeito de adubação orgânica e mineral e culturas de entressafra na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no sistema plantio direto /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98880.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edson Lazarini<br>Banca: Marco Eustáquio de Sá<br>Banca: Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho<br>Resumo: A busca pela qualidade do solo como base de sustentação do sistema de produção, tem aumentado o desafio de compreender um sistema que, além de reduzir sensivelmente a degradação do meio ambiente, pode permitir maior retorno econômico ao agricultor. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de abril de 2005 a abril de 2006, com o objetivo de avaliar na cultura da soja, no sistema de plantio direto, o efeito de diferentes culturas de cobertura e presença ou ausência de adubação orgânica e mineral. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Guararapes-SP (50°39'W, 21°09'S e 412 m de altitude aproximadamente) em um Latossolo Vermelho amarelo, com textura média, sendo cultivado com culturas anuais a partir de 1993. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em um esquema fatorial 5x2x2, ou seja, 5 culturas de cobertura (milho, milheto, sorgo, braquiária e mamona), cultivadas no período de outono/inverno, na presença e ausência de adubação orgânica (11.512 kg/ha de esterco de galinha), sendo semeado em sucessão, a cultura da soja, cultivar MGBR 46 (Conquista), na presença ou ausência de adubação mineral (500 kg/ha da fórmula 02-20-15). As culturas de cobertura e a soja foram irrigadas pelo sistema pivô central. As avaliações constaram da produção de massa seca das culturas de cobertura, estado nutricional da soja no florescimento pleno, características agronômicas e produção de grãos da soja e características químicas do solo, em diferentes profundidades, após o cultivo da soja. Através dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o milho apresentou maior produção de massa seca como cultura de cobertura, mas todas as ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The search for the soil quality as sustentation base of production system, has stimulated the challenge to understand a system that, beyond sensibly reducing the environment degradation, may allows greater economic return to the farmer. Thus, the present work was developed in the period of April 2005 to April 2006, with the objective to evaluate in soybean crop, in no tillage system, the effect of different cover crops and presence or absence of organic and mineral fertilization. The work was developed at the municipal district of Guararapes, State of São Paulo (50°39' W, 21°09' S and 412 m altitude approximately) in a Typic Haplustox, with sandy texture, being cultivated with annual crops since 1993. The exeprimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications, with treatments disposed in a 5x2x2 factorial scheme, i.e., five cover crops (corn, millet, sorghum, braquiaria grass and castor bean), cultivated in the autumn/winter period, in presence and absence of organic fertilization (11,512 kg ha-1 of chicken manure fertilizer), being sowedin succession of soybean crop, MGBR 46 cultivar, in presence or absence of mineral fertilization (500 kg ha-1 of 02-20-15 formula). The cover cultures and soybean had been irrigated by center pivot irrigation systems.The evaluations was cover crops dry matter production, nutritional status in flowering, agronomic characteristics and soybean grain production, soil chemical characteristis, in different depths, after soybean. Through the obtained results, it verified that the corn presents greater dry matter production as cover crop, but all the evaluated cover crops are adjusted to precede soybean; organic fertilization increases cover crop dry matter production, beyond provided significant P, Ca and K increases in 0 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.10 m depth and P and K in 0.10 to 0.20 m depth; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Jordan, Marie-Odile. "Mise en place du systeme racinaire du mais : definition et caracterisation au champ et en conditions controlees des parametres descriptifs du systeme racinaire, construction de l'organigramme d'un modele cinetique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13329.
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Une analyse bibliographique montre que si l'architecture des parties aeriennes est bien connue chez le mais, il n'en est pas de meme du systeme racinaire. Nous avons donc entrepris un travail de synthese a ce sujet. Dans la premiere partie de cette etude, les parametres descriptifs de la structure racinaire sont definis. Leur evolution au cours du cycle est ensuite caracterisee en conditions habituelles de culture, et, en rhizotrons. Quatre categories de racines primaires ont pu etre mises en evidence
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Lebepe, Francis Mashala. "Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium foliar feed on stooling rye (Secale cereale)." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2209.
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Thesis (MSc. (Agriculture Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018<br>This study was conducted at the University of Limpopo’s Experimental Farm (Syferkuil), in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The objective was to determine the effect of foliar fertilizers on the dry matter production over a period of two growing seasons. The experiment was laid out in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 4 replications.
The experiment was planted on 28th March 2014 for season 1 (2014) and 31st March 2015 for season 2 (2015). Three sources of fertilizer (Nitrospray Plus, Potaspray and a combination of the two) were applied to stooling rye at three different fertilizer application rates (0 kg or ℓ/ha, 2.5 kg or ℓ/ha and 5.0 kg or ℓ/ha). The Nitrospray Plus and Potaspray fertilizers were applied on the 09th May, 02nd July, 27th August and 30th October 2014 for Season 1 (2014). During the Season 2 (2015), they were applied on 11th May, 04th July, 29th August and 02nd November 2015. The application was done using a knapsack sprayer. Above-ground biomass was harvested four times during each season when the plants reached a height of 25–30 cm. During 2014, harvesting was done on the 27th May, 24th July, 12th September and the 17th November 2014. During 2015, harvesting was done on the 29th May, 26th July, 14th September and the 19th November 2015. The dry matter production was determined by harvesting 1 m2 quadrates at 3 cm height. After weighing fresh material, it was oven–dried at 55oC until a constant mass was reached. Samples were then weighed again and the DM production (kg/ha) was calculated.
Results were compared, using analysis of variance and the Fisher’s LSD test at P≤ 0.05 within each season. Based on the Least Significance Difference test, treatments were grouped in different production classes. During both seasons, fertilizer application rates had a significant (P≤0.001) influence on dry matter production. In 2014, the highest total dry matter production obtained was 5323 kg/ha in the high potassium fertilizer treatment and the lowest total dry matter was 4049 kg/ha in the control or zero application treatment.
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In 2015, the highest total dry matter production obtained was 5595 kg/ha in the high potassium fertilizer treatment and the lowest 3678 kg/ha in the control treatment. Potassium fertilizers produced significantly (P≤0.001) higher than nitrogen fertilizers in both seasons.
The main conclusions from this study were that high foliar fertilizer application rates (5.0 kg/ha) led to high, low foliar application rates (2.5 kg/ha) to lower and no fertilizer to low dry matter production. High levels of potassium produced the best, followed by combinations of intermediate potassium and nitrogen, and high nitrogen application rates. Yields of above 5000 kg/ha were obtained under high potassium rates. Lower rates led to total productions of more than 4000 kg/ha, while no foliar application produced between 3700 and 4000 kg/ha.
It was also concluded that stooling rye is a suitable winter fodder crop for the Pietersburg Plateau Bushveld, but that the application of fertilizers is necessary for increased dry matter production. Both and Nitrospray and Potaspray Plus, as individual foliar fertilizers or in combination, can be applied to increase the dry matter production of stooling rye. However, it is essential to investigate the adaptability of stooling rye in other areas of the Limpopo bushveld, to determine its suitability as a fodder crop in other areas in the province.
Keywords: Dry matter production, cutting dates, foliar fertilizers, Nitrospray Plus, Potaspray.
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Maake, Mafutha Violet. "Interactive effects of nemarioc-al and nemafric-bl phytonematicides on growth and foliar nutrient elements of tomato cultivar 'HTX 14' plants." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2211.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018<br>The production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants had been crucial in various
parts of the world since tomato fruit contribute widely to human health. However, most
tomato cultivars had been shown to be highly susceptible to plant-parasitic nematodes,
especially the root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes. Two cucurbitacin-containing
phytonematicides, namely, Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides,
manufactured from fruits of Cucumis species, are being researched and developed in
South Africa as an alternative for management of Meloidogyne species. Most trials on
tomato plants and cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides had been under
greenhouse conditions, with limited information on their interactive effects under
microplot and field conditions. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the
interactive effects of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides on growth and
accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of tomato plants under microplot
conditions and (2) to investigate the interactive effects of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL
phytonematicides on growth and accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of
tomato plants under field conditions. In the microplot study, uniform four-week-old
tomato cv. 'HTX 14' seedlings were transplanted in 4 L plastic bags containing loam soil
and Hygromix-T at the 3:1 ratio (v/v). Plastic bags were inserted into holes at 0.50 m
inter-row spacing and 0.60 m intra-row spacing. The 2 x 2 factorial trial, with the first
and second factors being Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides,
respectively, each at two levels. The four treatments, namely, AL0BL0, AL0AL1, BL0BL1
and AL1BL1, were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Treatments were
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applied seven days after transplanting and repeated weekly until harvest. Under field
conditions, uniform four-week-old tomato cv. 'HTX 14' seedlings were transplanted into
the field at 0.50 m inter-row spacing and 0.60 m intra-row spacing. Treatments,
experimental designs and application interval were as those under microplot conditions.
At 60 days after the treatments, seedlings AL × BL interaction was not significant on all
plant variables in Experiment 1 under microplot conditions, whereas in Experiment 2 the
interaction was highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) on dry shoot mass, contributing 72% in total
treatment variation (TTV) of the variable. Relative to untreated control, the two-way
matrix showed that the interaction reduced dry shoot mass by 8%. Nemarioc-AL
phytonematicide had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on stem diameter in Experiment 1
under field conditions, whereas Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had significant effects on
plant height in Experiment 2, contributing 39 and 56% in TTV of the respective
variables. Relative to untreated control, Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide increased stem
diameter by 4%, whereas Nemafric-BL phytonematicide increased plant height by 2%.
The interaction was also significant (P ≤ 0.05) on Na and S and highly significant (P ≤
0.01) on Zn, contributing 76, 26 and 6%, respectively, in TTV of the respective variables
in Experiment 1 under field conditions. Using a two-way matrix, the interaction
increased Na and S by 12 and 41%, respectively, but reduced Zn by 52%. In
Experiment 2, the interaction was highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) on P alone, contributing
16% in TTV of the variable, with the interaction reducing P by 76%. Nemarioc-AL
phytonematicide had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on Ca and highly significant effects (P
≤ 0.01) on S, contributing 31 and 58% in TTV of the respective variables in Experiment
1. Relative to untreated control, Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide increased P by 39%. In
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Experiment 2, Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide had significant effects on Ca and highly
significant effects (P ≤ 0.01) on S, contributing 66 and 49% in TTV of the respective
variables. Relative to untreated control, Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide reduced Ca by
19% and S by 36%, respectively. Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had a significant effect
(P ≤ 0.05) on P, contributing 33% in TTV of the variable in Experiment 1. Relative to
untreated control, Nemafric-BL phytonematicide increased P by 41%. In Experiment 2,
Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on S, contributing 40%
in TTV of the variable. Relative to untreated control, Nemafric-BL phytonematicide
reduced S by 33%. At 74 days after initiating the treatments under field conditions, the
interaction of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides were not significant for
plant height, stem diameter, fresh fruit and dry shoot mass in both experiments.
Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide was also not significant in all plant variables in both
experiments. Effects of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide were highly significant on dry
shoot mass in Experiment 1 and stem diameter in Experiment 2, contributing 60 and
67% in TTV of the respective variables. Relative to untreated control, Nemafric-BL
phytonematicide reduced dry shoot mass by 28% and increased stem diameter by 11%
in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively. The AL × BL interaction had significant
effects (P ≤ 0.05) on P, contributing 57% in TTV of the variable in Experiment 1.
Relative to untreated control, the interaction increased P by 12%. In Experiment 2, the
interaction had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on K, Mg, S and Mn, contributing 78, 65, 74
and 68% in TTV of the respective variables. Using a two-way matrix, relative to
untreated control, the interaction increased K by 8%, but reduced Mg, Mn and S by 14,
82 and 1%, respectively. Nemarioc-AL phytonematicide was not significant in both the
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experiments, whereas Nemafric-BL phytonematicide had significant effects on Mg in
Experiment 1, contributing 68% in TTV of the variable. Relative to untreated control,
Nemafric-BL phytonematicide increased Mg by 15%. In conclusion, the interaction of
Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides were not compatible with each other
as they had undesirable effects on growth of tomato plants and accumulation of most
essential nutrient elements in leaf tissues of this plant.<br>National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Ramos, Ruiz Roberto. "Aplicación de sustancias húmicas comerciales como productos de acción bioestimulante: efectos frente al estrés salino." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/10018.
Full textAbstract:
El amplio desarrollo de la agricultura de régimen intensivo, con el consiguiente empleo
de fertilizantes minerales de manera indiscriminada, se ha traducido en una pérdida de los niveles óptimos de materia orgánica del suelo. Por ello, y para restablecer dichos niveles, los agricultores han utilizado, en muchos casos, cantidades muy importantes de sustancias húmicas comerciales. Es decir, hasta ahora, las sustancias húmicas se han venido empleando
mayoritariamente como mejoradores de las condiciones de fertilidad de los suelos,
aprovechado sus efectos indirectos sobre los cultivos. Pero con las dosis tan bajas empleadas, la incidencia sobre las propiedades del suelo suele ser muy escasa. En los últimos años, en cambio, con el desarrollo de los cultivos sobre sustrato inerte y la fertirrigación, el rol de las sustancias húmicas comerciales ha dado un nuevo giro. En la actualidad se pretende explorar los efectos directos de estos compuestos sobre la planta. Es decir, los efectos bioestimulantes o bioactivadores. Como ya se ha mencionado anteriormente, otro de los problemas más graves a los que se enfrentan los agricultores de la cuenca mediterránea es el de la salinización de sus suelos y sustratos debido al inevitable empleo de aguas de riego de deficiente calidad y al uso excesivo de fertilizantes minerales. En este trabajo se ha tratado, igualmente, de estudiar si el efecto
bioestimulante de las sustancias húmicas se podría convertir en un “efecto bioprotector” para el cultivo en esas condiciones de salinidad. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se han determinado dosis óptimas de aplicación de sustancias húmicas comerciales sobre un cultivo de tomate cv. Daniela, de gran importancia económica, en invernadero y fertirrigado; estudiándose el efecto de dichos materiales sobre diversos parámetros fisiológicos y de calidad de los frutos. Asimismo se ha comprobado el efecto bioprotector de las sustancias húmicas sobre la germinación en medio salino y sobre los
parámetros de osmorregulación de un cultivo que se desarrolla también en condiciones de
estrés salino.
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Abou, Rajab Yasmin Joana Monna. "Shade trees in cacao agroforestry systems: influence on roots and net primary production." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7C03-E.
Full text
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Zapiola, Maria Luz. "Trinexapac-ethyl and open-field burning in creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) seed production in the Willamette Valley." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29428.
Full textAbstract:
Open-field burning has been an effective, economical, and widespread
method of post-harvest residue management in creeping red fescue seed
production in the Willamette Valley since the late 1940s. However, the use of field
burning has been legislatively restricted due to air quality and safety issues. The
foliar-applied plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE), commercialized in the
USA as Palisade, has been accepted by producers as a yield enhancing agent
and is considered here as an alternative to open-field burning over a four-year
period.
The effects of open-field burning versus mechanical removal (flailing) of
post-harvest residue, and spring versus fall applications of TE on seed yield, dry
matter partitioning, and seed yield components were evaluated in a split-plot
design. The response to the different treatment combinations differed across
years. The young stand responded with a seed yield increase to spring TE
applications, regardless of residue management treatment. However, as the stand
aged, field burning became critical for maintaining high yields and, in 2003 and
2004, only spring TE applications resulted in seed yield increases in burned plots.
The higher potential seed yield achieved in burned plots over flailed plots,
as a result of a higher number of panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle,
was critical for maintaining high seed yields as the stand aged. Spring
applications of TE, further increased seed yield over the untreated check by
increasing the number of florets per spikelet, reducing fertile tiller height and
lodging and consequently, favoring pollination and fertilization of the florets. Late
spring TE applications also increased 1000-seed weight in 2003 and 2004.
Although spring applications of TE were a promising alternative to open-field
burning early during the life of the stand, as the stand aged they did not
increase seed yield on flailed plots. Fall TE applications did not have a consistent
effect on seed yield, dry matter partitioning or seed yield components, and were
found not to be a viable management practice.<br>Graduation date: 2005