Relevant bibliographies by topics / Folklore – History

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Folklore – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Folklore – History"

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Weissler, Chava. "Folklore and History." American Jewish History 98, no. 1 (2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2014.0005.

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Nowak, Zachary. "Folklore, Fakelore, History." Food, Culture & Society 17, no. 1 (March 2014): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175174414x13828682779249.

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Bell, Karl. "Gothicizing Victorian Folklore: Spring-heeled Jack and the Enacted Gothic." Gothic Studies 22, no. 1 (March 2020): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2020.0035.

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This article focuses on the Victorian bogeyman, Spring-heeled Jack, as a historicised example of Gothic and folklore's cultural dialogue and divergences in nineteenth-century Britain. Variously described as a ghost, beast, or devil when he first terrorised Londoners in 1837–38, Spring-heeled Jack evolved from local folklore to press sensation to penny dreadful serials. These texts reworked his folkloric accounts through stories that were heavily indebted to earlier Gothic literature for many of their narrative tropes. The article uses this urban legend to explore what it terms the enacted Gothic; the eruption of folkloric and gothic elements beyond the bounds of fiction and into Victorians’ everyday lives. While encouraging Gothic scholarship to engage with folkloric ‘texts’, it argues that we need to look beyond obvious similarities to appreciate important distinctions arising from their differing natures, cultural functions, and modes of storytelling.
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Suarka, I. Nyoman, and I. Wayan Cika. "Pendayagunaan Folklor Sebagai Sumber Ekonomi Kreatif Di Daerah Tujuan Wisata Bali." ATAVISME 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v17i1.20.71-83.

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Tourism practitioners in Bali commonly do not have an adequate understanding of the local culture so that the service given to tourists is less optimal. Therefore, efforts for delving into the original culture are necessary through a scientific research as a source for an information material and appreciation in developing the cultural outlooks of tourism practitioners in Bali. This research aims to delve into, preserve and develop folklores having potentials of high culture as a source of creative economy.This is a qualitative research with a morphology-ethnographic approach which attempts to describe the narrative elements of folklores as a unified whole by considering its history in the community and its supporting culture. That is, besides looking at the lore aspect through the analysis of a folklore structure, it also considers its folk aspect through the analysis of its function and significance. Furthermore, this research focuses on the opportunity for the utilization of folklores as a source of creative economy in addition to strengthening the local wisdom and preventing cultural pollution resulting from the negative aspects of tourism and globalization. Tourism practitioners in Bali commonly do not have an adequate understanding of the local culture so that the service given to tourists is less optimal. Therefore, efforts for delving into the original culture are necessary through a scientific research as a source for an information material and appreciation in developing the cultural outlooks of tourism practitioners in Bali. This research aims to delve into, preserve and develop folklores having potentials of high culture as a source of creative economy.This is a qualitative research with a morphology-­‐ethnographic approach which attempts to describe the narrative elements of folklores as a unified whole by considering its history in the community and its supporting culture. That is, besides looking at the lore aspect through the analysis of a folklore structure, it also consider its folk aspect through the analysis of its function and significance. Furthermore, this research focuses on the opportunity for the utilization of folklores as a source of creative economy in addition to strengthening the local wisdom and preventing cultural pollution resulting from the negative aspects of tourism and globalization. Key Words: folklore; high culture; creative economy Abstrak: Pelaku kepariwisataan di Bali kurang memiliki pemahaman budaya secara baik dan benar sehingga pelayanan yang diberikan kepada wisatawan kurang maksimal. Untuk itu, diperlukan upaya penggalian budaya unggul melalui penelitian ilmiah sebagai bahan informasi dan apresiasi dalam pengembangan wawasan budaya para pelaku kepariwisataan di Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali, melestarikan, dan mengembangkan folklor dengan potensi budaya unggul sebagai sumber ekonomi kreatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan morfologi-­etnografi yang berupaya mendeskripsikan unsur naratif folklor sebagai kesatuan yang utuh dengan mempertimbangkan penceritaannya di masyarakat dan kebudayaan pendukungnya. Artinya, di samping melihat aspek lore melalui analisis bentuk folklor juga mempertimbangkan aspek folk melalui analisis fungsi dan makna folklor. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini mencermati peluang pendayagunaan folklor sebagai sumber ekonomi kreatif di samping sebagai penguatan kearifan lokal dan mencegah polusi budaya akibat dampak negatif pariwisata dan globalisasi
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Byron, Reginald. "Book Review: Canadian Folklore/Folklore Canadien." International Journal of Maritime History 5, no. 2 (December 1993): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149300500218.

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Bronner, Simon J. "Practice Theory in Folklore and Folklife Studies." Folklore 123, no. 1 (April 2012): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.2012.642985.

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Rosenberg, Jan, Robert Baron, and Nicholas R. Spitzer. "Public Folklore." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 52, no. 2 (1993): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40019252.

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Marschall, Amy Horning, and Vladimir Propp. "Theory and History of Folklore." MLN 100, no. 5 (December 1985): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2905452.

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Bendix, Regina, Vladimir Propp, Anatoly Liberman, Ariadna Y. Martin, and Richard O. Martin. "Theory and History of Folklore." Western Folklore 45, no. 4 (October 1986): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1499830.

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EDN and Sylvia Idom. "Booksearch: Folklore and Oral History." English Journal 78, no. 8 (December 1989): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819494.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Folklore – History"

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Marris, Alan David. "The cultural history of the werewolf." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260040.

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Albrecht, Jeremy L. "Livy, Folklore, and Magic: A Reappraisal of Rome's Foundational Mythology." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586372697489211.

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Jania, Alexander Edward. "Beyond Mitigation: The Emotional Functions of Natural Disaster Folklore in Japan." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436922622.

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Augustus, Brent C. "Man and myth studying the power myth and folklore has over man /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Dillion, Jacqueline M. "Thomas Hardy : folklore and resistance." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5156.

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This thesis examines a range of folkloric customs and beliefs that play a pivotal role in Hardy's fiction: overlooking, sympathetic magic, hag-riding, tree ‘totemism', skimmington-riding, bonfire nights, mumming, May Day celebrations, Midsummer divination, and the ‘Portland Custom'. For each of these, it offers a background survey bringing the customs or beliefs forward in time into Victorian Dorset, and examines how they have been represented in written texts – in literature, newspapers, county histories, folklore books, the work of the Folklore Society, archival documents, and letters – in the context of Hardy's repeated insistence on the authenticity of his own accounts of these traditions. In doing so, the thesis both explores Hardy's work, primarily his prose fiction, as a means to understand the ‘folklore' (a word coined in the decade of Hardy's birth) of southwestern England, and at the same time reconsiders the novels in the light of the folkloric elements. The thesis also argues that Hardy treats folklore in dynamic ways that open up more questions and tensions than many of his contemporaries chose to recognise. Hardy portrays folkloric custom and belief from the perspective of one who has lived and moved within ‘folk culture', but he also distances himself (or his narrators) by commenting on folkloric material in contemporary anthropological terms that serve to destabilize a fixed (author)itative narrative voice. The interplay between the two perspectives, coupled with Hardy's commitment to showing folk culture in flux, demonstrates his continuing resistance to what he viewed as the reductive ways of thinking about folklore adopted by prominent folklorists (and personal friends) such as Edward Clodd, Andrew Lang, and James Frazer. This thesis seeks to explore these tensions and to show how Hardy's efforts to resist what he described as ‘excellently neat' answers open up wider cultural questions about the nature of belief, progress, and change.
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Young, Ethan A. "The Louisiana Folklife Program| Origins, Evolution and Significance." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163273.

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This thesis originally came out of a term paper for Dr. John Troutman’s History 505 class in the spring of 2015, and at first, I was more interested in folklore itself than the organization charged with preserving it. But that soon changed, as did my purposes for writing. These purposes were several. First, to examine the Louisiana Folklife Program—its origins, its evolution, and its achievements—in order to see how it became what it is today. Second, to place the LFP in a national context by examining the factors that gave rise to its birth. Third, to explain why the LFP has endured while similar programs have struggled or faded away. And fourth, to examine the impact that political and academic opposition can and do have upon such programs. My methodology has changed little since I wrote the first page. Most of it entailed archival research coupled with secondary sources gleaned from libraries and Internet searches as well as oral interviews. What I learned in the course of my research has illustrated more than ever the fragility and value of Louisiana’s cultural heritage and the value of preserving it. Some of it was almost wiped out in the early twentieth century, when speaking French was forbidden in schools throughout the state. It is thus incumbent upon both the LFP and the people of Louisiana to each do their part in ensuring that their posterity will be able to enjoy the rich diversity Louisiana has to offer. Stories, recipes, and handicrafts are things that we should not allow to fade away. Once they are gone, there is no restoring them. The LFP has made tremendous advances in this regard, and I sincerely hope they continue to do so, for the sake of all the generations that come after us.

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Graca, Kathleen. "Raptors of Maleficium." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1489803745718878.

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Austin, Jill Hemming. "Performing the past| Two pageant traditions in Nauvoo, Illinois." Thesis, Indiana University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3715827.

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Jill Hemming Austin PERFORMING THE PAST: TWO PAGEANT TRADITIONS IN NAUVOO, ILLINOIS The founders of American historical pageantry were keenly interested in the social effect of pageant performance on audience and participants. Their vision for social transformation through performance endures into the present day with those who continue to promulgate the form. Examining two enduring pageant traditions in Nauvoo, Illinois affords a better understanding of how the formal features of outdoor historical pageant production and the social relations that underlie them are still potentially powerful for those who participate in their production and performance. This dissertation encourages serious study of pageants as a unique performance form particularly attuned to the tasks of building continuities and tradition, the reinforcement of group sentiment, and the propitiation of group myth. Nauvoo, Illinois is a historically contested site boasting two historical pageants dedicated to the portrayal of the Nauvoo story: The Grape Festival Pageant and The Nauvoo Pageant. Christened ?Nauvoo? by Mormon [LDS] refugees in the mid-19th century, the thriving city?s overwhelming social discord drove the Mormons west, and the town was resettled and reclaimed by new seekers and settlers. The legendary quality of Nauvoo continued to grow in the Mormon imagination, eventually leading to a reclamation process including heritage development. Competing claims on local history has led to a heightened historical consciousness among townsfolk and ongoing public presentation from multiple perspectives. The two pageants are cultural displays that influence this ongoing social process. Both derive from distinct traditions--the local drama squarely planted in American historical pageantry and the Mormon-sponsored pageant deriving from LDS social and religious culture. Historical pageants have some unique formal features that make them particularly interesting to folklorists. They depend heavily on sacred localities, tradition, legend, and large-group participation for their success. The story told gains power from familiarity and reinforcement of cherished group values. However, changing tastes and sensibilities have challenged the survival of pageants as a relevant cultural form into the present. Drawing on interviews, field observation, and historical research, the contemporary context of the town and its two performances is fleshed out in the voices of four individuals who have participated in the pageants.

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Montalvao, Katia. "A trajetoria do fundador da cidade de Montalvânia na memoria coletiva : uma contribuiçao para a cultura local e escolar /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : [Senhor do Bonfim, Brasil] : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Universidade do Estado da Bahia, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Gschwend, Katherine Hinchliffe. "John A Lomax: Documenting the Myth of the American West." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625941.

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Books on the topic "Folklore – History"

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Orvieto: Art, history, folklore. Narni, Italia: Plurigraf, 1995.

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Mewat: Folklore, memory, history. New Delhi: Dev Publishers & Distributors, 2013.

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Florence: History, art, folklore. [Place of publication not identified]: Becocci Publisher, 2000.

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Savannah folklore. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 2010.

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Petris, Tassos N. Cephalonia: History-art-folklore-routes. Athens: Michalis Toubis, 1985.

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Holmgren, Virginia C. Owls in folklore & natural history. San Bernardino, Calif: Borgo Press, 1989.

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Girish Karnad: History and folklore. Delhi: B.R. Pub. Corp., 2011.

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Fontanel, Béatrice. Babies: History, art, and folklore. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997.

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Owls in folklore & natural history. Santa Barbara: Capra Press, 1988.

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Durán, Laila. Scandinavian folklore. Sweden: Duran Publishing AB, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Folklore – History"

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Fowke, Edith. "10. Folklore." In Literary History of Canada, edited by William New, Carl Berger, Alan Cairns, Francess Halpenny, Henry Kreisel, Douglas Lochhead, Philip Stratford, and Clara Thomas, 230–40. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487589547-012.

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Holzworth, Robert H. "Folklore and the Aurora." In History of Geophysics, 41–43. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/hg001p0041.

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Stein, Alan H., and Gene B. Preuss. "Oral History, Folklore, and Katrina." In Seeking Higher Ground, 225–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610095_15.

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Hanak, Miroslav J. "2. Folklore and Romantic Drama." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 115. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.ix.09han.

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Baram, Amatzia. "Folklore and Mesopotamian Culture." In Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba‘thist Iraq, 1968–89, 30–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21243-9_3.

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Valk, Ülo. "Levels of Institutionalization in Estonian Folklore." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 285. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.70val.

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Laroche, Maximilien. "Literature and Folklore in the Francophone Caribbean." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 341–48. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.x.25lar.

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Roberts, Dagmar. "Folklore in the Making of Slovak Literature." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 310. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.74rob.

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Cornis-Pope, Marcel, and Otilia Hedeşan. "The Question of Folklore in Romanian Literary Culture." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 314. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.75cor.

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Oyeniyi, Bukola Adeyemi. "Orality, History and Historical Reconstruction." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Oral Traditions and Folklore, 83–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55517-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Folklore – History"

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Anikeeva, Tatiana A. "Geography in the Epic Folklore of the Oghuz Turks." In 7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2019.53.37-43.

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Fattakhova, Nailya. "AGRICULTURAL AND WEATHER-LORE ENTITIES IN LANGUAGES OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURE: FOLKLORE OR LINGUISTICS." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s8.002.

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Xiaohui, Guo, Ang Lay Hoon, Sabariah Hj Md Rashid, and Ser Wue Hiong. "A Study on Images of Food in Bian Cheng." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.6-3.

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As one of the important representative works of Chinese Modern Literature, Bian Cheng (Border Town, in English) consists of folklore of different categories which reflect the life of Chinese people seeming to live in Shangri-la. Image is ‘words to present ideas’ of an author. The images of folklore in Bian Cheng are its author’s idea on life of Chinese people. Food belongs to material folklore. It is important to present the images of food for better understanding Chinese people’s life. This descriptive study focuses on the presentation of the images related to food in Bian Cheng. The image is identified by figures of speech and tied images. The findings show that the images of food mirror Chinese life in terms of priorities on food, marriage, individual propensity for food, history and customs.
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Matveeva, R. P. "Collection and research of Semeiskiy Folklore in the first quarter of XX century." In Old Belief: History and Modernity, Local Traditions, Relations in Russia and Abroad. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-0771-8-297-302.

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Жукова, Людмила Николаевна. "THE LANDSCAPE CODE WATER / RIVER IN THE RITUAL FOLKLORE OF FOREST YUKAGIRS AND ITS VALUE IN THE ETHNIC HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE." In Всероссийская научно-практической конференция с международным участием, посвященной 100-летию со дня рождения выдающегося ученого-североведа И.С. Гурвича (1919-1992). Электронное издательство Национальной библиотеки РС (Я), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25693/gurvich.2019jukova.

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Варламов, Александр Николаевич. "THE IMAGE OF A MOOSE IN THE WORLDVIEW AND FOLKLORE OF TUNGUS-MANCHU PEOPLES: ON THE QUESTION OF EARLIER HISTORY OF TUNGUS." In Народы и культуры Северной Азии в контексте научного наследия Г.М. Василевич. Якутск: Институт гуманитарных исследований и проблем малочисленных народов Севера Сибирского отделения РАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25693/vasilevich.2020.051.

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J. Podber, Jacob. "Bridging the Digital Divide in Rural Appalachia: Internet Usage in the Mountains." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2708.

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This project looks at Internet usage within the Melungeon community of Appalachia. Although much has been written on the coal mining communities of Appalachia and on ethnicity within the region, there has been little written on electronic media usage by Appalachian communities, most notably the Melun-geons. The Melungeons are a group who settled in the Appalachian Mountains as early as 1492, of apparent Mediterranean descent. Considered by some to be tri-racial isolates, to a certain extent, Melungeons have been culturally constructed, and largely self-identified. According to the founder of a popular Melungeon Web site, the Internet has proven an effective tool in uncovering some of the mysteries and folklore surrounding the Melungeon community. This Web site receives more than 21,000 hits a month from Melungeons or others interested in the group. The Melungeon community, triggered by recent books, films, and video documentaries, has begun to use the Internet to trace their genealogy. Through the use of oral history interviews, this study examines how Melungeons in Appalachia use the Internet to connect to others within their community and to the world at large.
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Nguyen, Philon, Thanh An Nguyen, and Yong Zeng. "Measuring the Evoked Hardness of Design Problems Using Transient Microstates." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46502.

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Direct interfacing of computers with the human brain is one of the holy grails of computer science and has been in the computing folklore since the very beginning of computing history. The challenges researchers are facing are non-trivial and the breakthroughs are non-negligeable. Measuring the hardness of a mental task is a fundamental problem in design sciences. In this context, the relationship between electroencephalograms (EEG) signals and the design process is an area of research with applications to the understanding of the creative process and next generation CAD/E systems. Such systems are aiming at becoming more collaborative, conceptual, creative and cognitive. We posit that the relationship between EEG signals, cognitive states and the perceived hardness of design problems is non-trivial. Different problems typically have different levels of perceived hardness. To test this, we study the use of microstate analysis to the segmentation of videos of subjects submitted to creative tasks of various difficulty. Problems and subtasks of different perceived hardness can be shown to exhibit different levels of transient microstates, a measure we have defined on the complexity of the microstate segmentation. We show that the human brain seems to be using 1–20% of its transient microstate capacity.
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Melai, Zeckqualine, and Alvy Rigar. "Moribund Language Documentation and Preservation: A Preliminary Study on the Punan Language." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.6-6.

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This study focuses on the Punan language in Punan Bah, Belaga, Sarawak. The Punan language is a language spoken by the Punan people, one of the minority ethnic groups in Sarawak. This study is a preliminary study of the language and acts as an early step in the effort to document and preserve the language. This preliminary study is pivotal in preventing teh language from falling into an endangered phase or becoming moribund. This study also aims to resolve confusion over some terms used to refer to the Punan ethnicity and Punan language. This study was conducted as field-oriented research. The respondents were selected based on several criteria and were native speakers of the Punan language, aged forty and above, and living in the Punan Bah area. Data were collected through interviews and voice recordings. The data include the history and the background of the Punan ethnicity. The outcome of the study shows that the Punan language and ethnicity are different from the Penan language and ethnicity, and these ethnicities belong to two different categories with their own respective identities. From historical and background aspects, the Punan language is spoken in eight long houses, namely Punan Pandan, Punan Jelalong, Punan Mina, Punan Meluyou, Punan Bah, Punan Biau, Punan Sama and Punan Kakus. From a linguistics aspect, it is found that the Punan language has four main variations; daily spoken language, ukiet (folklore), u'a and setuo. Hence, this study will explore the diversity of indigenous languages in Sarawak.
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Paroushev, Zhivko. "THE DISCIPLINE "ETHNO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPE STUDIES" IN THE MASTER-DEGREE CURRICULUM OF THE SPECIALTY "INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS" IN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS - VARNA." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.90.

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There are presented the essence, basic terminology, methodology and scientific perimeter of the discipline "Ethno-cultural landscape studies". By use of a brief historic overview, there is traced the development of the cultural landscape as a scientific notion from its onset to present times. Regulatory postulates of UNESCO are taken into consideration, which explain the meaning of the terms "tradition", "intangible cultural heritage" and "cultural landscape". There are also summed up the practical and applied benefits from studying the discipline: a model for making an ethno-cultural landscape profile of the tourist site as a ground for creating unique tourist products based on traditional culture and turning folklore rituality into a generator of touristic plots.
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Reports on the topic "Folklore – History"

1

Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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