Relevant bibliographies by topics / Follicles

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Academic literature on the topic 'Follicles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Follicles"

1

Ryan, K. E., S. M. Casey, M. J. Canty, M. A. Crowe, F. Martin, and A. C. O. Evans. "Akt and Erk signal transduction pathways are early markers of differentiation in dominant and subordinate ovarian follicles in cattle." Reproduction 133, no. 3 (March 2007): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0130.

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Dominant follicles are those that continue to develop and have the potential to ovulate while subordinate follicles regress. Characteristics of dominant follicles include a larger diameter, higher intrafollicular estradiol, and lower IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4 concentrations compared with other cohort follicles. Follicle development is regulated by endocrine hormones that act via intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we show the differences in Akt, Erk, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and p-38 signaling pathways between dominant and subordinate follicles at the dominance stage of the follicle wave. However, earlier in the follicle wave (dominant follicle selection), there were only differences in the levels of Akt and Erk signal transduction proteins among dominant and subordinate follicles. Using this profile of Akt and Erk protein expression in granulosa and theca cells of selected dominant follicles compared with subordinate follicles, we suggest a predictive model to identify future dominant and subordinate follicles from the pool of otherwise similar cohort follicles at the time of follicle wave emergence. We conclude that the Erk and Akt signal transduction pathways are important for dominant follicle selection and development and, furthermore, that the observed differences in these pathways mark the future dominant follicle from subordinate follicles before differences in follicular diameter, follicular fluid estradiol, and IGFBP-4 concentrations are apparent.
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Greenfield, L. J., J. T. Hackett, and J. Linden. "Xenopus oocyte K+ current. II. Adenylyl cyclase-linked receptors on follicle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 259, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): C784—C791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.5.c784.

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Xenopus ovarian follicles consist of single large oocytes surrounded by a layer of small follicle cells that are coupled to the oocyte by gap junctions. Hyperpolarizing K+ currents can be detected in the oocytes of follicles stimulated with adenosine, isoproterenol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or microinjected adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). We show that cAMP accumulation can be detected in follicles incubated with the adenosine agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), isoproterenol, or FSH, but only if forskolin and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor are also added. Treatment of follicles with collagenase has been reported to reduce, but usually not to eliminate, cAMP-activated K+ currents. In this study we show that collagenase treatment alone does not completely remove follicle cells or receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation measured in follicles. cAMP accumulation and cAMP-dependent K+ currents are both eliminated when the follicle cells are completely removed by a technique involving treatment of follicles with collagenase and hypertonic saline. Oocytes completely stripped of follicle cells fail to accumulate cAMP in response to receptor agonists and forskolin. Isolated follicle cells derived from single follicles (but without the oocyte present) accumulate cAMP in response to these drugs to an extent equivalent to the response seen in single intact follicles. Adenylyl cyclase-linked receptors of Xenopus follicles thus appear to be located exclusively on follicle cells. The data suggest that cAMP-dependent K+ currents, although measured in oocytes, may be generated in follicle cells which communicate with oocytes. Another possibility is that a high resting K+ conductance in follicle cells is communicated to oocytes via cAMP-sensitive gap junctions.
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Hatzirodos, N., H. F. Irving-Rodgers, and R. J. Rodgers. "333. HETEROGENEITY OF GENE EXPRESSION IN BOVINE SMALL FOLLICLES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs333.

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Small antral follicles <5 mm in bovine ovaries undergo one of two fates: further growth and selection to become the dominant follicle for ovulation, or atresia. Atresia can occur before, during or after selection. As follicle grow past >5 mm there is upregulation in expression of focimatrix genes and later upregulation of the LH receptor and steroidogenic enzymes, especially aromatase, in the granulosa cells. For follicles at sizes >5 mm entering atresia the granulosa cells are the first in the follicle to die. Thus expression of genes in granulosa cells is critical to the fate of the follicle. To examine granulosa cells of small follicles we collected bovine ovaries and dissected follicles, removed part of the follicle wall for subsequent classification of health or atresia, and harvested the remaining granulosa cells for RNA isolation. Follicles examined included small follicles (<5 mm), both healthy (n = 10) and atretic (n =5), and healthy large follicles (>10 mm, n = 4). RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays and the results were analysed using Partek Genomics Suite software. The number of genes which were 2 fold differentially regulated between large and small follicles by Benjamini Hochberg post hoc test (False Discovery Rate, P < 0.05) was 2408 and between healthy and atretic small follicles was 4931. The coefficient of variation (CV; SD/mean × 100) for the expression level of each gene for each group was calculated. A gene frequency distribution indicated greater heterogeneity in expression levels in small follicles in comparison to large follicles. Furthermore, the greatest variability in genes in small follicles includes those that are either up or down regulated due to atresia or growth. We therefore conclude that variability in small follicles is a consequence of alternative fates that small follicle can undergo.
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Hornick, J. E., F. E. Duncan, L. D. Shea, and T. K. Woodruff. "Multiple follicle culture supports primary follicle growth through paracrine-acting signals." REPRODUCTION 145, no. 1 (January 2013): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0233.

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In vitro follicle growth in alginate hydrogels is a unique and versatile method for studying ovarian and follicle biology that may also have implications for fertility preservation. Current culture systems support the development of isolated mouse follicles from the secondary stage onward. However, it has been a challenge to grow smaller follicles in vitro due to the dissociation of the oocyte from companion somatic cells. Recent work has demonstrated that coculturing primary follicles with mouse embryonic fibroblasts or ovarian stromal cells supports follicle survival and growth. In this study, we demonstrate that follicles themselves can exert a beneficial coculture effect. When primary follicles were cultured in groups of five or ten (multiple follicle culture), there was increased growth and survival. The multiple follicle culture approach maintained follicle integrity and resulted in the formation of antral stage follicles containing meiotically competent gametes. The growth and survival of primary follicles were highly number dependent, with the most significant enhancement observed when the largest number of follicles was grown together. Our data suggest that the follicle unit is necessary to produce the secreted factors responsible for the supportive effects of multiple follicle culture, as neither denuded oocytes, oocyte-secreted factors, nor granulosa cells alone were sufficient to support early follicle growth in vitro. Therefore, there may be signaling from both the oocyte and the follicle that enhances growth but requires both components in a feedback mechanism. This work is consistent with current in vivo models for follicle growth and thus advances the movement to recapitulate the ovarian environment in vitro.
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Nagashima, Jennifer B., Andrea M. Hill, and Nucharin Songsasen. "In vitro development of mechanically and enzymatically isolated cat ovarian follicles." Reproduction and Fertility 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/raf-20-0067.

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Graphical Abstract Isolation of ovarian follicles is a key step in culture systems for large mammalian species to promote the continued growth of follicles beyond the preantral stage in fertility preservation efforts. Still, mechanical isolation methods are user-skill dependent and time-consuming, whereas enzymatic strategies carry increased risk of damaging theca cell layers and the basement membranes. Here, we sought to determine an optimal method to rescue domestic cat (Felis catus) early antral and antral stage follicles from ovarian tissue and to evaluate the influence of isolation strategy on follicle development, survival, and gene expression during 14 days of in vitro culture in alginate hydrogel. Mechanical isolation was compared with 90 min digestion in 0.7 and 1.4 Wünsch units/mL Liberase blendzyme (0.7L and 1.4L, respectively). Mechanical isolation resulted in improved follicle growth and survival, and better antral cavity and theca cell maintenance in vitro, compared with 1.4L (P < 0.05) but displayed higher levels of apoptosis after incubation compared with enzymatically isolated follicles. However, differences in follicle growth and survival were not apparent until 7+ days in vitro. Expressions of CYP19A1, GDF9, LHR, or VEGFA were similar among isolation-strategies. Cultured follicles from all isolation methods displayed reduced STAR expression compared with freshly isolated follicles obtained mechanically or via 0.7L, suggesting that prolonged culture resulted in loss of theca cell presence and/or function. In sum, early antral and antral stage follicle development in vitro is significantly influenced by isolation strategy but not necessarily observable in the absence of extended culture. These results indicate that additional care must be taken in follicle isolation optimizations for genome rescue and fertility preservation efforts. Lay summary The ovary contains hundreds of eggs with only a select few developing from an immature stage through to ovulation over the course of an animal's lifetime. Rescue of eggs from this pool, and the ability to grow them in culture to a mature stage, would be incredibly valuable for fertility preservation efforts in both humans and endangered species. Currently, the isolation of ovarian follicles (eggs with their surrounding helper cells) is a key step in culture systems for large mammalian species, to promote continued growth. Yet, isolation methods may affect the follicle’s future developmental capacity. We evaluated two isolation strategies, mechanical micro-dissection (needle/scalpel blade) and enzymatic digestion (using Liberase blendzyme) on ovaries of domestic cats obtained via routine spay procedures. Mechanically isolated follicles displayed improved growth, survival, and indications of developmental competence in 14-day culture, compared with high concentration (1.4 Wünsch units/mL) enzyme-isolated follicles. However, mechanical isolation was not different from low (0.7 Wünsch units/mL) enzyme for these metrics, or for expression of key genes indicative of follicular cell functions. Further, differences in follicle growth/survival were not apparent until 7+ days in culture. Thus, ovarian follicle isolation strategies influence developmental potential in culture, and extended culture will be required to identify optimal methods for fertility preservation efforts.
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Mester, B., B. P. Thomson, and D. C. Eckery. "258. Characterisation of ovarian follicular growth in the brushtail possum." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs258.

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The number and size of follicles selected for ovulation differ between species. The aim of this study was to characterise antral follicular growth and determine the size when selection of the ovulatory follicle occurs in the monovular brushtail possum. For this study, antral follicles ≥ 1 mm were dissected from the ovaries of 31 adult female possums at different reproductive states and follicular fluid and granulosa cells were harvested from each individual follicle. Selection of the ovulatory follicle in the brushtail possum occurred when follicles reached between 2.5 and 2.8 mm in diameter. Based on the analysis of steroids in follicular fluid, before selection, most follicles produced varying amounts of oestradiol (E2), but very few if any produced progesterone (P4). After selection, the selected follicle continued to produce increasing amounts of E2 and P4, whereas most other follicles were steroidogenically inactive. Near the time of ovulation, presumably after the LH surge, P4 became the predominant steroid produced by the selected follicle and most other follicles once again produced varying amounts of E2. The number of granulosa cells per follicle was highly variable, but tended to increase with increasing diameter. Cell viability was very high, averaging about 95%. Interestingly, the morphology of granulosa cells changed markedly after selection becoming larger and granular in appearance. The weights of the vaginal cul-de-sac and uteri correlated well with the presence of a selected follicle. In ovaries from pregnant animals (n = 3), follicles grew up to 3.5 mm, and although they reached the size of a selected follicle during the follicular phase, E2 production by the other follicles was not suppressed and the weights of the cul-de-sac were less than those from non-pregnant animals with similar sized follicles. During anoestrus (n = 4), follicles did not grow beyond 2 mm and produced very little steroids.
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Nagorcka, BN. "The reaction-diffusion (RD) theory of wool (hair) follicle initiation and development. II. Original secondary follicles." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 2 (1995): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950357.

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In an accompanying paper it was shown that a spatial prepattern mechanism based on a biochemical reaction referred to as a reaction-diffusion (RD) system is able to account for many aspects of the initiation and development of primary (P) wool follicles. In this paper the same RD system is applied to the initiation and development of original secondary (SO) follicles. Prepatterns are generated by solving the equations describing the reaction and diffusion of the chemical components of the RD system in early stage follicles. It is demonstrated that the prepattern mechanism can account for the loss of a sweat gland causing a change from P follicle initiation to SO follicle initiation. The RD system equations are also solved in the epidermis. The time sequence of prepatterns obtained in the epidermis account for the tendency of SO follicles to group with P follicles, by initiating in-between members of the trio group of P follicles as well as in between existing SO follicles. The prepatterns obtained did not account for the tendency of secondary follicles to initiate on the posterior side of the trio group. Good agreement was obtained between the predicted increase in total follicle density and the increase in follicle density observed during follicle initiation by Carter and Hardy (1947), provided full account was taken of the interaction between existing follicles and each new future generations of follicles. The prepattern mechanism provides a fundamental basis for an inverse genetic correlation between total P and SO follicle density and fibre diameter.
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Holbech, L. N., K. D. Frederiksen, H. G. Pedersen, T. Greve, and I. B. Bøgh. "206 FOLLICULAR GROWTH SUBSEQUENT TO FOLLICULAR ASPIRATION IN THE MARE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab206.

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Follicle aspiration has previously been used in mares as a research tool to remove growing and atretic follicles, in order to study follicular growth. The aim of the present study was to (1) evaluate the fate of the aspirated follicles, and (2) determine the point of selection of the dominant follicle subsequent to follicular aspiration. In six Standardbred mares, all follicles larger than 9 mm were removed by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (Day 0). Subsequent to follicular aspiration, the growth of follicles larger than 1 mm was monitored daily by ultrasonography from Day 0 to Day 7. Aspirated follicles were monitored to establish whether they refilled and continued to grow, or luteinized. The experiment was conducted in six replicates in each mare. On Day 1 after aspiration the largest and second largest follicles were 10.4 ± 0.8 mm (mean ± SEM) and 7.8 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. On Day 7 the largest follicle and the second largest follicle were 25.7 ± 1.2 mm and 18.6 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. In 10/209 follicles, the follicular cavity refilled subsequent to aspiration with non-echogenic fluid and the follicle diameter increased during the following 7 days. Four of the ten aspirated and refilled follicles grew to become the largest follicles, whereas the remaining six follicles did not reach dominance. A further three aspirated follicles grew and ovulated on Day 5. In one case, an aspirated follicle refilled and continued to grow after an oocyte had been recovered. However, from these preliminary results, the growth pattern of the aspirated follicle can not be predicted on the basis of whether or not the oocyte was removed during the aspiration session. Preliminary results of this study indicate that follicular selection for dominance as determined by follicular size difference may already have occurred on Day 1 after aspiration. Furthermore, follicles that refill with fluid and continue to grow after aspiration may pose a problem when follicular growth and selection are studied. This research was funded by the Danish Research Agency, project no. 23-02-0133.
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Gastal, E. L., M. O. Gastal, M. A. Beg, and O. J. Ginther. "Interrelationships among follicles during the common-growth phase of a follicular wave and capacity of individual follicles for dominance in mares." Reproduction 128, no. 4 (October 2004): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00259.

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The changing diameter interrelationships among follicles during the interval from emergence to deviation (common-growth phase) were studied in 59 mares. All follicles of ≥6.0 mm were ablated 10 days after ovulation. The four largest follicles of the postablation wave were ranked D1, D2, D3 and D4 at the expected beginning of deviation (D1 ≥ 20.0 mm), according to descending diameter. The four follicles were also ranked independently, according to order of emergence at 6.0–6.9 mm as E1 (first to emerge), E2, E3 and E4. The follicles emerged during 1.3 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.1 days, and expected deviation began 6.5 ± 0.1 days after ablation. The frequency of emerging follicles becoming the largest follicle at the beginning of deviation was different (P < 0.0001; chi-square test) among follicles E1 (61%), E2 (25%), E3 (9%) and E4 (5%). There were no differences in growth rates among the four follicles throughout the common-growth phase (overall, 2.8 ± 0.04 mm/day). The differences in diameters between follicles E1 and E2 were similar between 3 days (2.7 ± 0.2 mm) and 6 days (2.9 ± 0.4 mm) after ablation. In controls and after ablation of D1; D1 and D2; or D1, D2 and D3 at the expected beginning of deviation, the largest remaining follicle became dominant in 26 of 34 mares (76%). In 10 of 15 mares (67%), the second-largest follicle became dominant when the largest follicle was ablated 1 or 2 days after the expected beginning of deviation. Results indicated the following: 1) the first follicle to emerge maintained its diameter advantage in most mares and average diameter growth rates were similar among the four follicles throughout the common-growth phase; 2) the hypothesis was supported that the capacity for dominance is similar among the four largest follicles at the beginning of deviation, but dominance by a smaller follicle is blocked when a larger follicle is present; and 3) the second-largest follicle retained the capacity for dominance in most mares for as long as 2 days after the beginning of deviation.
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Langbeen, A., E. P. A. Jorssen, E. Fransen, A. P. A. Rodriguez, M. Chong García, J. L. M. R. Leroy, and P. E. J. Bols. "Characterization of freshly retrieved preantral follicles using a low-invasive, mechanical isolation method extended to different ruminant species." Zygote 23, no. 5 (July 17, 2014): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199414000331.

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SummaryDue to the increased interest in preantral follicular physiology, non-invasive retrieval and morphological classification are crucial. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to standardize a minimally invasive isolation protocol, applicable to three ruminant species; (2) to morphologically classify preantral follicles upon retrieval; and (3) to describe morphological features of freshly retrieved follicles compared with follicle characteristics using invasive methods. Bovine, caprine and ovine ovarian cortex strips were retrieved from slaughterhouse ovaries and dispersed. This suspension was filtered, centrifuged, re-suspended and transferred to a Petri dish, to which 0.025 mg/ml neutral red (NR) was added to assess the viability of the isolated follicles. Between 59 and 191 follicles per follicle class and per species were collected and classified by light microscopy, based on follicular cell morphology. Subsequently, follicle diameters were measured. The proposed isolation protocol was applicable to all three species and showed a significant, expected increase in diameter with developmental stage. With an average diameter of 37 ± 5 μm for primordial follicles, 47 ± 6.3 μm for primary follicles and 67.1 ± 13.1 μm for secondary follicles, no significant difference in diameter among the three species was observed. Bovine, caprine and ovine follicles (63, 59 and 50% respectively) were graded as viable upon retrieval. Using the same morphological characteristics as determined by invasive techniques [e.g. haematoxylin–eosin (HE) sections], cumulus cell morphology and follicle diameter could be used routinely to classify freshly retrieved follicles. Finally, we applied a mechanical, minimally invasive, follicle isolation protocol and extended it to three ruminant species, yielding viable preantral follicles without compromising further in vitro processing and allowing routine follicle characterization upon retrieval.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Follicles"

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Dean, Matthew. "Characteristics of subordinate follicles following removal of the dominant follicle induction of selection /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10696.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 56 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-56).
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Philpot, Michael Paul. "Studies on isolated hair follicles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253402.

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Miranda, Benjamin H. "Development of a novel, clinically-relevant model for investigating factors that stimulate human hair growth." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5731.

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Lack of hair due to alopecia or skin grafting procedures causes significant distress due to hair's role in social and sexual communication. Only limited pharmacological agents are currently available to stimulate hair growth; their development is hampered by inappropriate model systems. Most research involves large terminal scalp follicles rather than the clinical targets of tiny vellus or intermediate follicles. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a novel model system based on intermediate hair follicles. Initially, intermediate follicles from female pre-auricular skin were characterised and compared to matched terminal follicles. Intermediate follicles were smaller, less pigmented, shorter and possessed a more 'tubular' bulb morphology than their more 'bulbous' terminal counterparts. Significant correlations were demonstrated between various hair follicle measurements and corresponding dermal papilla diameters. Isolated terminal follicles grew significantly more than intermediate hair follicles in organ culture for 9 days. Testosterone (10nM), the major regulator of human hair growth, increased only intermediate follicle growth; the anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate (1μM), prevented this stimulation, unlike the 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitor finasteride (40ng/ml). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated androgen receptor and 5α-reductase type 2 proteins in both follicle types, while quantitative real-time PCR and gene microarray analysis detected their increased gene expression in intermediate follicles. Thus, smaller intermediate follicles showed major morphological and gene expression differences to terminal follicles in vivo and retained significant, biologically-relevant differences in vitro in organ culture including androgen-responsiveness. Therefore, intermediate hair follicles offer a novel, exciting, more clinically relevant, albeit technically difficult, model for future investigations into hair growth.
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Dubbaka, Venu Pradeep Reddy. "Molecular studies of intra-oocyte phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in controlling female fertility." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26088.

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Bark, Monica Clare. "Development of porcine preantral follicles in vitro." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10731.

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The development of a culture system to sustain preantral follicle growth to a stage where fertilisable oocytes can be obtained remains elusive in the domestic species. The objectives of this thesis were to develop a culture system capable of supporting porcine preantral follicles, and identify possible markers of oocyte and follicle development. Follicles were cultured in two systems; individually in McCoys medium to identify the effects of ascorbic acid, FSH, and serum, and in NCSU medium individually (96-well plates) or in-groups (24-well plates) to identify the effects of follicle interactions. Results from the McCoys experiment revealed that somatic cell death was significantly reduced in follicles cultured in the presence of ascorbic acid in comparison with other treatment groups, but the vitamin was found to have no effect on follicle growth. Follicle growth was significantly enhanced by the addition of serum and FSH to serum-free medium, but FSH had no effect as a survival factor on granulosa cell death in follicles. Culture in NCSU medium revealed that follicles grew best when cultured individually in the presence of serum in 96-well plates in comparison to follicles cultured in-groups in 24-well plates. All other parameters of follicle health and development were found to be no different between follicles cultured in serum in-groups of individually. The identification of markers of development for follicles and oocytes could also aid the development of a culture system for preantral follicles. GDF-9 is a possible indicator of follicle and oocyte developmental stage. It has been identified in several species, including human, rodents, and domestic species, but not in the pig. In this study it was isolated using human and mouse primers, and sequenced. It was found to display 88% homology to the human sequence. RT-PCR revealed that it appears to be expressed strongly in the porcine oocyte, but not in granulosa, skin or intestinal cells. BMP-15 was also found to be oocyte-specific in the pig, using sheep primers to identify its location.
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Starr, Perry Louise. "The effects of cryopreservation on human ovarian follicles." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441573.

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Yang, Ming Yuan. "Studies on apoptosis in bovine follicles and embryos." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/NQ56648.pdf.

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McCaffery, Fiona Helen. "The development of bovine preantral follicles in vitro." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15317.

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Satisfactory development of preantral follicles from humans and domestic ruminants in vitro remains elusive. The aims of this thesis were to use a serum-free culture system to identify regulators of early follicle and oocyte development. Preliminary experiments determined that bovine preantral follicles grow and produce increasing amounts of oestradiol throughout a six day culture period. Neither FSH nor IGF-1 significantly increased follicle diameter. However, FSH did promote follicular oestradiol secretion. The dissociation of follicular growth from steroidogenenic function indicated that measurement of follicular diameter may not be a reliable marker of physiological follicular development in vitro. In addition, stimulation of granulosa cells by FSH may result in inappropriate differentiation of these cells during the early stages of folliculogenesis. During follicular development, turnover and reconstruction of the basement membrane is facilitated and regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). When MMP-9 was secreted by prenatal follicles in vitro, the probability of follicles having healthy granulosa or theca cells at the end of culture was 0.85 and 0.60, respectively. If TMP-1 was released, there was a probability of 0.79 that the follicles would have healthy somatic cells. When TIMP-2 was detected, the probability of granulosa and theca cell health was 0.78 and 0.67, respectively. These results indicate that MMP-9 and TIMPs are related to follicular health, and can therefore be used as markers of follicular development. Ascorbic acid has been implicated in several processes associated with follicular development, including collagen biosynthesis, steroidogenesis and apoptosis. The effect of this vitamin on the development of bovine preantral follicles was investigated during a twelve day culture period. Ascorbic acid had no effect of follicular growth or oestradiol secretion. Serum addition from Day 0 stimulated follicular growth but compromised follicular integrity. By Day 12 of culture, a higher proportion of follicles remained intact in the presence of ascorbic acid in serum-free conditions, with significantly less granulosa and theca cell death than control follicles.
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Torrance, Colin. "Aspects of the developmental biology of ovarian follicles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20251.

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Ovarian follicles are recruited from a pool of nongrowing primordial follicles and progress slowly through early phases of growth until the formation of an antrum. Little is known at present about the factors controlling follicle recruitment, preantral growth, or thecal and antral formation. This thesis reviews some aspects of early folliculogenesis and describes the development of a culture system for in vitro investigation of preantral growth. A enzymatic-mechanical isolation procedure was developed which permitted large numbers of isolated small ovarian follicle to be obtained for CBA/C57B16 hybrid mice, aged 8-10 days. The ovarian follicle is a spherical structure containing initially two main cell types - oocyte, granulosa cells with the thecal cell differentiating once the follicle has entered its growth phase. Interactions between these cell types may have an important role in controlling folliculogenesis and cell shape, cell-cell interactions and cell-extracellular matrix interactions may all influence follicular growth. To support and maintain cell shape and the spatial relationships between the cells types in the ovarian follicle a culture system involving embedding the follicles within a three-dimensional collagen gel matrix was developed. A quantitative study of isolated murine follicle growth in collagen gel culture over two weeks was carried out. The system facilitated follicle growth from small to multilaminar stages but antral formation and theca differentiation was not initiated. Cultured follicles were transferred under the kidney capsule of ovariectomized host. In vivo the follicle were able to progress to the Graafian stage. The effects of hormones and growth factors (oestrogen, follicle stimulating hormone and epidermal growth factor) on in vitro follicle development were studied using autoradiography and computer assisted image analysis.
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Nattrass, Gregory Scott. "Molecular and functional characterisation of a system ASC-like neutral amino acid transporter expressed in the wool follicle /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANP/09anpn284.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Follicles"

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Hamilton, Sue L. DNA analysis: Forensic fluids & follicles. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co., 2008.

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2

Ovarian follicles in reptiles and birds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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3

Guraya, Sardul S. Biology of Ovarian Follicles in Mammals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70154-2.

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Guraya, Sardul S. Ovarian Follicles in Reptiles and Birds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83628-2.

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Biology of ovarian follicles in mammals. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Guidance on the use of rituximab for recurrent or refractory stage III or IV follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. London: NICE, 2002.

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National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Guidance on the use of rituximab for recurrent or refractory stage III or IV follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2002.

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Kondō, Keiji. Nihon-san honyū dōbutsu ke zukan: Sōsa denshi kenbikyō de miru ke no keitai. Sapporo-shi: Hokkaidō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2013.

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H, Mehregan Amir, and Kumakiri Masanobu, eds. Tumors of skin appendages. Boston: Butterworths, 1987.

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1957-, Swanson Paul E., ed. Cutaneous adnexal tumors: A guide to pathologic diagnosis. Chicago: ASCP Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Follicles"

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O’Hara, James E., Igor UsUpensky, N. J. Bostanian, John L. Capinera, Reg Chapman, Carl S. Barfield, Marilyn E. Swisher, et al. "Testicular Follicles." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3755. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2410.

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Guraya, Sardul S. "Postovulatory Follicles." In Zoophysiology, 174–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83628-2_9.

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Ohyama, Manabu, and Keisuke Nagao. "Hair Follicles." In Immunology of the Skin, 203–11. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55855-2_13.

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Smith, Jack D. "Cystic Ovarian Follicles." In Bovine Reproduction, 449–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118833971.ch51.

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Plewig, Gerd, and Albert M. Kligman. "Anatomy of Follicles." In ACNE and ROSACEA, 30–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59715-2_4.

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Montagna, William, Albert M. Kligman, and Kay S. Carlisle. "Hair and Hair Follicles." In Atlas of Normal Human Skin, 301–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9202-6_8.

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Fortune, J. E. "Activation of Primordial Follicles." In The Future of the Oocyte, 11–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04960-0_2.

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Plewig, Gerd, and Albert M. Kligman. "The Anatomy of Follicles." In ACNE and ROSACEA, 5–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97234-8_2.

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Braun-Falco, Otto, Gerd Plewig, Helmut H. Wolff, and Richard K. Winkelmann. "Diseases of the Sebaceous Follicles." In Dermatology, 716–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00181-3_28.

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Barrett, Susan L., and Teresa K. Woodruff. "Follicles and Medically Assisted Reproduction." In Oogenesis, 479–89. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470687970.ch19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Follicles"

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Gasparov, A. S., E. D. Dubinskaya, N. V. Dmitrieva, S. N. Kolesnikova, and I. V. Holban. "The effectiveness of the new intraovarial autoplasmotherapy technology in patients with low ovarian reserve." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-09-2021-03.

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In this study, the authors presented the results of intraovarial autoplasmotherapy (PRP – platelet rich plasma) in 80 patients suffering from low ovarian reserve, “poor response” in IVF programs and ineffective IVF attempts in the anamnesis. The 1st group included 40 women who underwent intraovarial PRP by means of using stop-point navigation technology; the 2nd group included 40 women who received PRP without using stop-point navigation technology. The obtained data convincingly demonstrate that PRP with the use of stop-point navigation technology has a better effect on the ovarian function activation (an increase in anti-muller hormone (AMH), an increase in the number of antral follicles (CAF), an increase in estradiol, a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), compared with PRP without the use of stop-point navigation technology.
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Gasparov, A. S., E. D. Dubinskaya, N. V. Dmitrieva, S. N. Kolesnikova, and I. V. Holban. "The effectiveness of the new intraovarial autoplasmotherapy technology in patients with low ovarian reserve." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-09-2021-03.

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In this study, the authors presented the results of intraovarial autoplasmotherapy (PRP – platelet rich plasma) in 80 patients suffering from low ovarian reserve, “poor response” in IVF programs and ineffective IVF attempts in the anamnesis. The 1st group included 40 women who underwent intraovarial PRP by means of using stop-point navigation technology; the 2nd group included 40 women who received PRP without using stop-point navigation technology. The obtained data convincingly demonstrate that PRP with the use of stop-point navigation technology has a better effect on the ovarian function activation (an increase in anti-muller hormone (AMH), an increase in the number of antral follicles (CAF), an increase in estradiol, a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), compared with PRP without the use of stop-point navigation technology.
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Kashiwaki, Riku, Tomomoto Ishikawa, Hidehiko Matubayashi, and Yutaka Hata. "Classification of Follicles by Ultrasonic Images." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2018.00072.

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Fries, Federico, and Pablo Valdivia y Alvarado. "Whisker-like sensors with soft resistive follicles." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2017.8324719.

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Lin, Tai-Yuan David, Woraphong Manuskiatti, Christine Dierickx, William A. Farinelli, Marney Fisher, Thomas Flotte, Howard Baden, and R. Rox Anderson. "Influence of Hair Growth Cycle on Hair Follicle Destruction by Pulsed Ruby Laser Treatment in Newborn Mice." In Lasers in Dermatology: Bio-Optics and Treatment of Human Skin. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lid.1997.sac5.

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It has been shown that using normal mode ruby laser pulses (694 nm) is an effective method of selectively destroying brown or black pigmented hair follicles in adult Caucasians (Grossman et al, 1996). The pigment, melanin, contained within the dark hair follicles acts as a target for light absorption when exposed to a well characterized range of wavelengths (Anderson and Parrish, 1981). Based on principles of selective photothermolysis, exposure to carefully chosen wavelength and pulse duration characteristics result in preferential absorption by the target pigment and sufficient heating to cause localized cellular destruction (Anderson and Parrish, 1983).
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Liew, SH, C. Linge, AO Grobbelaar, D. Gault, and C. Green. "Ruby laser irradiation results in decreased hair diameter in regrowing hair." In Lasers in Dermatology: Bio-Optics and Treatment of Human Skin. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lid.1997.sac3.

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Recently, encouraging results have been obtained using a Ruby laser to depilate unwanted hair. Ruby laser with a wavelength of 694 nm is well absorbed by melanin and is poorly absorbed by haemoglobin (1). It is thought that melanin in hair follicles acts as a chromophore which can be targeted to achieve selective photothermolysis (2) of hair follicles while sparing adjacent tissues. A study using Q-switched Ruby laser on guinea pig skin by Polla et al (3) showed that melanin was the fundamental target of energy absorption and at appropriate radiant exposures, it injured melanosomes without inducing any visible damage to unmelanized organelles. A clinical study performed by Gault et al (4), using a Ruby laser (694 nm, continuous mode with pulse width of 600 microseconds), resulted in a reduction of the overall hair density by 58% in a follow up of up to one year. Grossman et al (5) also demonstrated that Ruby Laser (694 nm, continuous mode with pulse width of 270 microseconds) produced a growth delay in hair follicles, with 4 out of 13 dark haired subjects having less than 50% regrowth of hair at 6 months.
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Dierickx, Christine C., and R. Rox Anderson. "Basic Science of Laser-Assisted Hair Removal." In Lasers in Dermatology: Bio-Optics and Treatment of Human Skin. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lid.1997.sac1.

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There are 3 means by which light can destroy hair follicles : thermal (due to local heating), mechanical (due to shockwaves or violent cavitation) and photochemical (due to generation of toxic mediators like singlet oxygen or free radicals). Removal of hair has been attempted by all three means.
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Setiawati, E., Adiwijaya, and A. B. W. Tjokorda. "Particle Swarm Optimization on follicles segmentation to support PCOS detection." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT ). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoict.2015.7231453.

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Echenim, N., M. Sorine, and F. Clement. "A multiscale model for the selection process of ovulatory follicles." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1616406.

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Hiremath, P. S., and Jyothi R. Tegnoor. "Recognition of follicles in ultrasound images of ovaries using geometric features." In 2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering (ICBPE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbpe.2009.5384097.

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Reports on the topic "Follicles"

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Meidan, Rina, and Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.

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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.
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Butler, Walter R., Uzi Moallem, Amichai Arieli, Robert O. Gilbert, and David Sklan. Peripartum dietary supplementation to enhance fertility in high yielding dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587723.bard.

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Objectives of the project: To evaluate the effects of a glucogenic supplement during the peripartum transition period on insulin, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, and progesterone profile in dairy cows. To compare benefits of supplemental fats differing in fatty acid composition and fed prepartum on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, progesterone profile, and uterine prostaglandin production in lactating dairy cows. To assess the differential and carry-over effects of glucogenic and fat supplements fed to peripartum dairy cows on steroidogenesis and fatty acids in ovarian follicles. To determine the carry-over effects of peripartum glucogenic or fat supplements on fertility in high producing dairy cows (modified in year 3 to Israel only). Added during year 3 of project: To assess the activity of genes related to hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis following dietary supplementation (USA only). Background: High milk yields in dairy cattle are generally associated with poor reproductive performance. Low fertility results from negative energy balance (NEBAL) of early lactation that delays resumption of ovarian cycles and exerts other carryover effects. During NEBAL, ovulation of ovarian follicles is compromised by low availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but fatty acid mobilization from body stores is augmented. Liver function during NEBAL is linked to the resumption of ovulation and fertility: 1) Accumulation of fatty acids by the liver and ketone production are associated with delayed first ovulation; 2) The liver is the main source of IGF-I. NEBAL will continue as a consequence of high milk yield, but dietary supplements are currently available to circumvent the effects on liver function. For this project, supplementation was begun prepartum prior to NEBAL in an effort to reduce detrimental effects on liver and ovarian function. Fats either high or low in unsaturated fatty acids were compared for their ability to reduce liver triglyceride accumulation. Secondarily, feeding specific fats during a period of high lipid turnover caused by NEBAL provides a novel approach for manipulating phospholipid pools in tissues including ovary and uterus. Increased insulin from propylene glycol (glucogenic) was anticipated to reduce lipolysis and increase IGF-I. The same supplements were utilized in both the USA and Israel, to compare effects across different diets and environments. Conclusions: High milk production and very good postpartum health was achieved by dietary supplementation. Peripartum PGLY supplementation had no significant effects on reproductive variables. Prepartum fat supplementation either did not improve metabolic profile and ovarian and uterine responses in early lactation (USA) or decreased intake when added to dry cow diets (Israel). Steroid production in ovarian follicles was greater in lactating dairy cows receiving supplemental fat (unsaturated), although in a field trail fertility to insemination was not improved.
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Temperature Stress and Turkey Reproduction. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570546.bard.

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High temperature stress is of major concern to turkey producers in Israel and the United States. The decline in the rate of egg production at high environmental temperature is well recognized, but the neuroendocrinological basis is not understood. Our objectives were: 1) to characterize the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis involvement in the mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproduction, and 2) to establish procedures that alleviate the damaging effect of heat stress on reproduction. Heat stress (40oC, Israel; 32oC, U.S.) caused significant reduction in egg production, which was restored by VIP immunoneutralization. The decline in egg production did not appear to be entirely related to the expression of incubation behavior due to the rise in circulating PRL in stressed birds. Heat stress was found to increase circulating PRL in ovariectomized turkeys independent of the reproductive stage. Active immunization against VIP was shown for the first time to up-regulate LHb and FSHb subunit mRNA contents. These findings taken together with the results that the heat stress-induced decline in egg production may not be dependent upon the reproductive stage, lead to the suggestion that the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproductive performance may be in part mediated by VIP acting directly on the GnRH/gonadotropin system. Inhibin (INH) immunoneutralization has been shown to enhance FSH secretion and induces ovulation in mammals. It is hypothesized that immunization of heat-stressed turkeys against INH will increase levels of circulating FSH and the number of preovulating follicles which leads to improved reproductive performance. We have cloned and expressed turkey INH-a and INH-bA. Active immunization of turkey hens with rtINH-a increased pituitary FSH-b subunit mRNA and the number of non-graded preovulatory yellow follicles, but no significant increase in egg production was observed.
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Britt, Jack, Miriam Rosenberg, Steven Washburn, and Moshe Kaim. Development and Evaluation of a Method of Hormonal Treatment to Increase Fertility in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612833.bard.

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The objectives were: 1) to develop a practical method for improving conception rates of dairy cows by administering progesterone during the critical period of the luteal phase prior to first insemination, 2) to determine which cows respond best to such a progesterone treatment, and 3) to determine physiological changes that are associated with this treatment. Experiment 1, conducted in the US and Israel, tested three treatment protocols. Holstein cows: 1) served as controls, 2) received two injections of prostaglanding F2a (PGF) 14 days apart, or 3) received two PGF injections and were inserted with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 6 days beginning 9 days after the first injection of PGF. Fertility was positively related to plasma progesterone concentations prior to the second PGF injection, but PRID treatment did not improve fertility in cows with low progesterone. Cows in synchronized estrus 2-8 days after the second injection of PGF had higher fertility and better reproductive performance than non-synchronized cows. Experiment 3, conducted in Israel, involved three studies that assessed effect of PRID treatment on: 1) progesterone concentration in ovarian tissue and uterine tissue and fluids, 2) changes in systemic LH and estradiol, and 3) development and function of dominant follicles. Treatment with PRID increased progesterone in uterine tissue and fluid exclusive of effects on systemic concentrations. Low progesterone resulted in persistent follicles that exceeded normal size and produced excessive estrogen. Experiment 4, conducted in the US, evaluated influence of endogenous progesterone on embryo development. Cows were given two injections of PGF 14 days apart and single embryos were recovered 7 days after estrus. Among cyclic cows, there was a linear relationship between progesterone concentration and percentage of cows from which an embryo was recovered. Overall these experiments show that systemic progesterone concentrations affect fertility in high-producing dairy cows through effects on follicular development and embryo survival
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Meidan, Rina, Jorge Flores, Keith Inskeep, and David Wolfenson. Controlling the bovine ovarian cycle by disrupting the endothelin system in corpora lutea and follicles with novel approaches: RNA interference (RNAi) and intra-luteal Atrigel implants. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695594.bard.

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In summary intensive studies carried out this year in both the US and Israel had established the methodology necessary for the achievement of the specific aims of the original proposal. Two complementary approaches to effectively neutralize the luteal ET- system were developed. In light of recent publications indicating that ET-2 might also have a physiological role in ovulation, the objectives of the original proposal have even more significant. Not only were the technologies to neutralize the luteal endothelin system developed in these studies, but additional important implications about the role of ET-1 were revealed. For example, direct early inhibitory effects of PGF2α were unmasked. It is possible that these early direct inhibitory effects could be related to functional aspects of luteal regression, while the effects observed after 12 hours of the PGF2α injection and that reversed by the ET receptor antagonist, could coincide with structural aspects of regression. Nevertheless, overall, the results clearly indicate that serum progesterone concentrations can effectively be elevated by the receptor antagonist which of great practical importance.
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Belinsky, Martin G. COX-1 Suppression and Follicle Depletion in the Etiology of Menopause-Associated Ovarian Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494579.

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Belinsky, Marin G. Cox-1 Suppression and Follicle Depletion in the Etiology of Menopause- Associated Ovarian Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494580.

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Belinsky, Martin G. COX-1 Suppression and Follicle Depletion in the Etiology of Menopause-Associated Ovarian Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517456.

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Schomberg, David W. Co-expression of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor and Stem Cell Markers: A Novel Approach to Target Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574853.

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Schomberg, David W. Co-expression of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor and Stem Cell Markers: A Novel Approach to Target Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601386.

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