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1
Frederick, Evan L., Choong Hoon Lim, Galen Clavio, and Patrick Walsh. "Why We Follow: An Examination of Parasocial Interaction and Fan Motivations for Following Athlete Archetypes on Twitter." International Journal of Sport Communication 5, no. 4 (December 2012): 481–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.5.4.481.
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An Internet-based survey was posted on the Twitter feeds and Facebook pages of 1 predominantly social and 1 predominantly parasocial athlete to ascertain the similarities and differences between their follower sets in terms of parasocial interaction development and follower motivations. Analysis of the data revealed a sense of heightened interpersonal closeness based on the interaction style of the athlete. While followers of the social athlete were driven by interpersonal constructs, followers of the parasocial athlete relied more on media conventions in their interaction patterns. To understand follower motivations, exploratory factor analyses were conducted for both follower sets. For followers of the social athlete, most of the interactivity, information-gathering, personality, and entertainment items loaded together. Unlike followers of the social athlete, fanship and community items loaded alongside information-gathering items for followers of the parasocial athlete. The implications of these and other findings are discussed further.
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He, Qian, and Theodore P. Gerber. "Origin-Country Culture, Migration Sequencing, and Female Employment: Variations among Immigrant Women in the United States." International Migration Review 54, no. 1 (February 3, 2019): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318821651.
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Recent studies suggest that the employment rates of foreign-born women are related to cultural norms regarding gender and work in their origin countries. However, origin-country culture may have less influence on the labor-supply decisions of women who self-select into migration precisely in order to pursue work abroad. Female migrants self-select on the basis of employment opportunities to varying extents, and it is hard to measure which ones do and which do not. We propose “migration sequencing” (the timing of married partners’ respective migrations) as a proxy for female migrant selectivity with respect to gender-role beliefs and work incentives: female lead migrants and individual (unmarried) migrants are, on average, more motivated by labor-market opportunities or human-capital formation than concurrent or follower migrants. Using data from the American Community Survey, we analyze employment rates of female immigrants to the United States from 130 countries. Our results confirm that sending-country cultural legacies have smaller effects for lead and unmarried migrants and the largest effect for follower migrants. Consistent with our theoretical reasoning, lead and unmarried migrants apparently self-select on economic motivations or less traditional gender norms more than do follower migrants, whose employment rates are thus more influenced by origin-country culture. The findings yield a more nuanced understanding of the variable role origin-country culture plays in immigrants’ structural incorporation in the United States and potentially in other destinations as well.
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Li, Jie, Stacie Furst-Holloway, Suzanne S. Masterson, Larry M. Gales, and Brian D. Blume. "Leader-member exchange and leader identification: comparison and integration." Journal of Managerial Psychology 33, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2017-0220.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare and integrate leader-member exchange (LMX) and leader identification (LID) as concurrently functioning mediators between three leadership styles (individual-focused transformational, contingent reward, and benevolent paternalistic) and two citizenship behaviors (helping and taking charge). Design/methodology/approach Data included 395 stable, independent leader-follower dyads from numerous Chinese organizations. Partial least squares structural equation modeling and relative weight analysis were used in data analyses. Findings In established, steady-state leader-member alliances, LMX was the dominant explanation between various leadership styles and helping; whereas LID explained leadership effects on taking charge. Three-stage indirect effects of leadership-LMX-LID-taking charge were found. Also, LMX and LID related to the three focal leadership styles in distinct ways. Research limitations/implications Limitations include cross-sectional data. Strengths include a large, multi-source field sample. Implications include that LMX and LID provide different prosocial motivations; LMX indirectly engenders stronger other-orientation through LID; and the nature of indirect leadership effects via LID is more sensitive to the nature of the focal leadership styles. LMX and LID together provide a package of prosocial motivations. Practical implications Leaders interested in increasing employees’ helping vs taking charge behaviors can be more effective by understanding the different motivational potentials of LMX vs LID. Leaders also need to choose appropriate behavioral styles when they activate LMX vis-à-vis LID. Originality/value This study integrates multiple leadership theories to provide a nuanced account of how social exchange and self-concept explain leadership at the interpersonal level when leadership styles, LMX, and LID are stable.
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Zhang, Yong Ning, Hong Yu Zhang, Su Hu, and Tong Zhang. "Survey and Strategy Suggestions on Low Carbon Technology Innovation of Chinese Petrochemical Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2806.
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In the context of global climate warming, Chinese petrochemical industry undertakes great pressure and responsibilities of CO2 emission reduction under the premise of national energy safety. From international experiences, green and low carbon becomes the development trends of petrochemical industry worldwide. The survey on relevant petrochemical enterprises summarizes the motivations, current ways, difficulties, and expected supports from governments in low carbon technology innovation. Based on the survey, the paper argues that technology innovation require integration of energy conservation, emission reduction and industry upgrading for the target of harmonious development of economy, society and environment. The choices of cost leadership, integration innovation, follower innovation, and industrial cluster are suggested when making innovation strategy by Chinese petrochemical industry.
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Hutchinson, D. S. "Aristotle and the Spheres of Motivation:De AnimaIII.11." Dialogue 29, no. 1 (1990): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300012749.
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Motivations can often conflict. Suppose it is six o'clock and I want a drink; suppose also that I know that it would be unwise or inappropriate in my present circumstances to drink. In cases like this I feel a struggle inside me. For Plato and for Aristotle, such struggles were an important part of moral experience, and on their description and analysis depends much of Plato's and Aristotle's moral psychology. It is not well enough appreciated that, in this respect, Aristotle was an uncritical follower of Plato. If we understand Plato's theory and how little Aristotle departed from it, we will be able to make better sense of some difficult passages, especiallyDe AnimaIII.11, and we will even be able to solve the conundrum of the ‘sphere’ which has teased scholars for two thousand years.
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Grossman, Rebecca C., Douglas Graham Mackenzie, Deborah S. Keller, Nicola Dames, Perbinder Grewal, Andrés A. Maldonado, Argyrios Ioannidis, et al. "#SoMe4Surgery: from inception to impact." BMJ Innovations 6, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000356.
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Objectives and settingThe aim of this study was to create a hashtag #SoMe4Surgery on the social network application Twitter, and to examine the natural history of the resulting online community.Design and outcome measuresA prospective, four-stage framework was proposed and used: (1) inception phase (connection): users were actively invited to participate; (2) dissemination phase (contagion): several tweetchats were designed, scheduled and run; (3) adherence phase (feedback): Twitonomy and NodeXL summaries were regularly posted on Twitter; and (4) impact phase (outcomes): abstracts and manuscripts, and related projects on Twitter. Tweets, influencers and interactions were analysed, and a brief survey was shared with participants to assess demographics and motivations of social media use.ParticipantsUsers engaging with the #SoMe4Surgery hashtag.ResultsUsers of the hashtag came from a wide variety of specialties and geographical locations, as well as varying in age and stage of training. The inception of #SoMe4Surgery was followed by an increase in the follower count and impressions of users. A total of 675 tweeters posted 11 855 tweets with 30 122 retweets between 28 July and 27 December inclusive. There were new contributors and activity throughout the period. There were many more retweeters than accounts posting original content. Over a 10-day period ending on 31 December 2018, the number of followers of the 10 most influential accounts was higher than the number of followers of the 10 most engaging accounts (p=0.002). The mean (SD) number of tweetchat participants was 121 (64), who posted 719 (365) tweets and had a potential reach of 3 825 155 (1 887 205) accounts. Spin-off projects included surveys from low and medium-income countries, subspecialised hashtags, presentations and one publication.ConclusionsThe creation of a cohesive online surgical community may allow a flattened hierarchy, with increased engagement between surgeons, other healthcare professionals, researchers and patients.
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Basińska, Beata A. "Work Motivation Profiles and Work Performance in a Group of Corporate Employees: A Two-Step Cluster Analysis." Roczniki Psychologiczne 23, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych20233-3.
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Few studies have applied a person-centered approach to work motivation using cluster or profile analyses. Thus, little is known about which configurations of work motivations characterize professionals. The aim of this study is to establish the structure of work motivation profiles under the framework of self-determination theory and to examine the relationship between work motivation and subjective work performance. The study involved 147 corporate employees who completed the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale and self-rated their work performance. The two-step cluster analysis was applied, followed by a one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Bonferroni test. The findings revealed differences between the five profiles for all forms of motivational regulation on the self-determination continuum (large effect sizes). Further examination revealed that the employees’ current work performances differed across motivational profiles (medium effect size). Strongly and poorly motivated as well as autonomously motivated employees reported better subjective work performance compared to unmotivated individuals. In line with self-determination theory, the quantity and shape of motivation can be simultaneously considered in terms of both theoretical and practical implementation.
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Nasrudin, Naasah, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, Oliver Ling Hoon Leh, Zaharah Mohd Yusoff, and Nurul Shakila Khalid. "Modelling Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour based on Human Factor." MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030803003.
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Research on pedestrian crossing behaviour in urban areas is extensive and has contributed to very useful insights into the role of road, traffic and pedestrian characteristics on the crossing decisions of pedestrians, their compliance with traffic rules and the related safety. However, human factors are rarely incorporated in pedestrian crossing behaviour research. The objective of this research is to analyse the development of pedestrian crossing choice models on the basis of road traffic and human factors. For that purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 663 respondents among pedestrians in the Shah Alam district. The respondents were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their travel motivations, ability characteristics, risk perceptions and preferences with respect to walking and road crossing, as well as their opinion on drivers, etc. From the modelling analysis, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between Human Factor and Crossing Behaviour; there were two components of Human Factor that influenced pedestrian crossing behaviour to emerge, namely a “risk-taker” and a “rule-follower”. Based on ‘path coefficient’ of Human Factor analysis, this study concludes that a ‘risk-taker’ component contributed more to Crossing Behaviour. The findings of this research can be used to evaluate the implementation of new pedestrian crossings and a redesign of existing pedestrian crossing environments.
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Thuan, Le Cong, and Bui Thi Thanh. "Leader knowledge sharing behavior and follower creativity: the role of follower acquired knowledge and prosocial motivation." Journal of Workplace Learning 32, no. 6 (July 27, 2020): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-01-2020-0012.
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Purpose Although leaders play a vital role in motivating the creative performance of followers, a paucity of research has examined specific behaviors of leaders. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of leader knowledge sharing behavior on followers’ creative performance. Design/methodology/approach To decrease the potential of the common method bias, this research conducted a time-lagged study to gather data from 319 employees working at information technology companies in Vietnam. This study used the hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Findings The results showed that leader knowledge sharing behavior had a positive impact on follower creativity. Moreover, follower-acquired knowledge partially mediated this relationship. Furthermore, follower prosocial motivation positively moderated the effects of leader knowledge sharing behavior and follower-acquired knowledge on followers’ creative performance. Originality/value The findings contribute to the creativity literature by providing evidence that leader knowledge sharing behavior could stimulate follower creativity directly and indirectly through follower-acquired knowledge. This research also confirmed the moderating role of prosocial motivation in reinforcing the influence of leader behaviors and employee ability on employee creativity.
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Parker, James, Urban Johnson, and Andreas Ivarsson. "Initial Positive Indications with Wearable Fitness Technology Followed by Relapse: What’s Going On?" Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 7704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147704.
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The motivational influence of wearable fitness technology (WFT) on increasing physical activity (PA) is unclear, and improvements in PA have been shown to be driven by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In the current study, PA (daily number of steps), moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, and muscular strength training were measured over 6 months on, originally, 16 randomly selected sedentary community workers (mean age = 51 years). Moreover, self-determined motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2) was measured before, midway, and after a 6-month intervention program that included motivational interviewing, as well as the use of WFT and a structured outdoor gym program. Our findings showed WFT, in combination with motivational interviewing, initially helped the participants meet recommended guidelines for PA in terms of at least 10,000 steps per day, and at least 150 min of moderate aerobic activity per week. There was a large decrease in participants’ PA and increase in introjected motivation between the first half (3 months) and the second half of the intervention (6 months). The increase in introjected motivation suggests that toward the end of the 6-month intervention, participants engaged in PA to satisfy external demands or avoid guilt, which may lead to less-persistent behavior change.
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Lansri, Suwannee, and Josephine Esther Katenga. "THAI STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO SPEAK ENGLISH OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM AT ASIA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1518–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.992.
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Introduction: The purposes of this study were to explore the factors that motivated and those that discouraged students from speaking English outside of the classroom at Asia-Pacific International University, Mauk Lek Campus. The university offers undergraduate programs in both English and Thai medium. The majority of Thai students who were enrolled in both programs notably lived in the University dormitories, which exposed them to students from 32 different countries, yet were still hesitant to speak English.
Methods: Using the convenience sampling method, 197 students were selected to participate in this study. A descriptive quantitative method and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data.
Result: The findings reveal that motivation for speaking English outside the classroom was mainly for instrumental motivational reasons (M=4.17, SD=0.59), followed by integrative motivational reasons (M=3.74, SD=0.67). Less clear reasons were intrinsic motivation (M=3.41, SD=0.75) and extrinsic motivation (M=3.32, SD=0.82) motivations. The study also reported that factors such as inadequate vocabulary to speak effectively, insufficient knowledge of English grammar, and inability to speak English fluently and continuously, were perceived as hindering them from speaking English outside the classroom. Lastly, the study found statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level in instrumental motivation, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation when compared with gender, faculty, class status, program of study, and period of learning.
Discussion: The recommendations for future research threefold: to study learning approaches to a variety of vocabularies which would enhance students’ communication outside of the classroom; to study participants from other nationalities; and to use a larger sample using other types of sampling and data collection methods.
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Djuhan, Muhammad Widda. "MOTIVASI SOSIAL DALAM RITUS TAREKAT." ASANKA: Journal of Social Science And Education 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/asanka.v1i1.1947.
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The phenomenon of the tarekat in Javanese society, especially since the arrival of the spreaders of Islam until now, is firmly rooted among Muslims. Although there are criticisms that suspect that such practices can tarnish monotheism, in fact the activities of the tarekat never fade at all even more and more people tend to follow the tarekat activities where they live especially after there are many problems in people's lives. The field research, which took the object of special rituals in the qariahyah wa naqshabandiyah tarekat in the mojoroto Gelanglor sukorejo mosque, Ponorogo district, highlighted social motivations in the selasan rituals which were followed by selasan followers. In fact, many people who live around the mosque take part in the activities of the congregation qodiriyah wan naqshobandiyah. Nevertheless, their participation motivation is not singular because it is very dependent on the mindset, religious understanding and traditions that surround it. This study came to the conclusion that there was motivation [1] Improving the deeds of worship in the afterlife, [2] Looking for spiritual peace with the routine of worship activities held [3] Resolving the problems of their lives with the help of the spirit of the murshid. These various motivations show that we cannot make unilateral claims to the tarekat followers, especially the qodiriyah wa naqshabandiyah tarekat.
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Pember, Sarah E., and Sarah E. Rush. "Motivation for Gluten-Free Diet Adherence among Adults with and without a Clinically Diagnosed Gluten-Related Illness." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v14i2.1876.
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Background and Purpose: Historically used as the sole treatment for celiac disease, there has been a substantial rise in popularity of the gluten-free diet (GFD) as both a diet plan and alternative form of medicine in the United States (US). Approximately 1% of the US population suffers from celiac disease, but various reports show 30% to 80% of adults have an interest in, or are currently adhering to, a GFD. This study aimed to understand this disproportion by exploring GFD adherence motivations, in addition to medical diagnoses, within a population of gluten-free followers. Methods. An anonymous, internetbased survey was administered to assess GFD motivations and adherence within the general population (n=99). Results. Of those currently following or who had previously followed a GFD, medical diagnosis was reported by only 28.6% as motivation for GFD adherence, with 60.7% reporting general health motivations, 25.0% reporting weight loss motivations, and 21.4% reporting curiosity. Conclusion. This study supports previous research suggesting that adherence to a GFD may occur for reasons outside of a medical diagnosis. Public health educators should inform individuals about risks and misconceptions associated with GFDs when implementing healthy eating programs for adults without medically diagnosed digestive conditions.
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Gomes de Freitas, Renata Texeira, Camila Aparecida Tolentino Cicuto, and Maurícius Selvero Pazinato. "MOTIVATION TO LEARN NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE CONTEXT OF A TRAINING OF TEACHERS COURSE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 78, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/20.78.359.
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The present research verified the role motivational factors play in the learning process, using an undergraduate Natural Sciences course. The overall aim was to evaluate the motivation of these students, determine if motivation varied with the number of years of university attended and identify which motivational factors influence the learning of Natural Sciences. In total, 73 students, during different course offerings from 2012 to 2017, participated in the research, which corresponded to 56.5% of the total enrollment from that time frame. A questionnaire, which was organized into two parts, was employed for data collection, and scored using the Likert scale. In the first part, the following motivational factors were assessed: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, career motivation, self-efficacy and grade motivation. In the second part, the teaching strategies and activities utilized during the course were evaluated with regards to their motivational character. It was found that a majority of students were motivated and that the level of motivation increased throughout the course, being driven by intrinsic factors, that indicated that the students were trying harder to learn scientific concepts, rather than seeking approval and rewards. Furthermore, it was found that participation in projects was the most motivational activity, followed by the academic week and internships. Keywords: career motivation, motivational factors, motivation for grades, students self-determination, self-efficacy.
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Simic, Jelena, Tamara Kezic, and Marija Runic Ristic. "The Influence of Motivation on the Quality of the Leader – Follower Relationship." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v9i2.p67-72.
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The subject of this research is the connection of the motivational structure with the quality of the leader –follower relationship. The aim is to determine the ways to improve the quality of the leader – fololower relationship which will consequently enhance the productivity and the satisfaction of employees. The research results have shown that the motivational factors, such as reward systems, good interpersonal relationships, career development possibilities and good team spirit, are significantly statistically associated with the leader – follower relationship. The sample includes 300 respondents with different educational and professional profiles, employed in various public and private sectors in Serbia. An interdisciplinary approach has been used in this paper, and the data have been processed by SPSS statistical analysis. Based on this research, we may conclude that the strategy of motivation throughout an organization is necessary. It should integrate motivational actions into several segments: the development of the importance of work, the awareness of employees’ personal values, good interpersonal relationships and the atmosphere of team work.
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Adhikari, Eka Raj. "Motivation of Persons with Disabilities towards Mainstream Vocational Training." Journal of Training and Development 3 (September 27, 2017): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v3i0.18226.
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The present study has explored the motivational factors to join the vocational training programs among persons with disabilities in Nepal. Based on the phenomenological approach, I conducted in-depth interviews with purposively selected eight persons with disabilities who had been undergoing short-term vocational training courses. I followed the thematic analysis technique to analyze the data. With the help of major content theories of motivation and the social role theory of gender differences, I discussed the study results. The participants’ expressions revealed that the motivating factors were employment, suitability of training to the type of impairment, utilization of free time, advice from relatives, opportunity to get training for free, personal interest, and a strong desire to do something. The results showed that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors were functioning as the motivators for the learners. Their perceptions supported the traditional gender-based selection of occupations. The study showed the need to adopt relevant measures to leverage the learners’ motivation for learning throughout the training.
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Yılmaz, Hakan, and Ebru Enginkaya. "Brand followers: motivations and attitudes of consumers to follow brands in social media." International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising 9, no. 1 (2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijima.2015.068356.
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Gilbert, Stephanie, and E. Kevin Kelloway. "Self-determined leader motivation and follower perceptions of leadership." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 39, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-09-2017-0262.
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Purpose A critical assumption of the organizational leadership literature is that leaders want to engage in effective leadership behaviors (Gilbert and Kelloway, 2014). However, leaders may vary in their motivation to be effective in a leadership role, leading to different levels of performance. Drawing on self-determination theory, the authors address the question of what motivates leaders to engage in transformational leadership behaviors (Gilbert et al., 2016). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The current study examined the effects of self-determined leader motivation for transformational leadership on aggregated follower leadership ratings using a sample of 37 leaders matched with 179 followers in two organizations. Findings Results show how leaders’ own motivation relates to followers’ perceptions of leader behavior, and specifically that, across contexts, some autonomous levels of leader motivation are positively related to follower perceptions of leaders’ active-constructive leadership and negatively related to follower perceptions of passive avoidant leadership. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by a small level-two sample size and cross-sectional design. The results suggest that some forms of leader motivation relate to follower ratings of leadership behavior. Originality/value This study is the first to examine how self-determined motivation for transformational leadership predicts follower perceptions of leadership behavior using a multilevel design.
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Carsten, Melissa K., Mary Uhl-Bien, and Lei Huang. "Leader perceptions and motivation as outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior." Leadership 14, no. 6 (July 26, 2017): 731–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715017720306.
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Followership research posits that followers differ in the way they define and enact the followership role, which can have varying effects in relation to how leaders experience their own roles and responsibilities. Drawing from the role orientation literature and newly emerging research on followership, our study examines the indirect effects of followers’ co-production (co-producing leadership outcomes) and passive (deferring to leadership influence) role orientations on leader-rated outcomes of perceived follower support, leader motivation, and follower contribution to goal attainment via followers’ voice and upward delegation behaviors. Using data from 306 dyads in a Chinese organization, our results show that follower voice and upward delegation mediate the relationships linking followers’ co-production and passive role orientations with leader-rated outcomes. Our study provides evidence that followership role orientations and behaviors differentially influence leader perceptions regarding their followers’ support, contribution to goal attainment, and leader motivation. Implications are drawn for further research on followership and the importance of considering leader outcomes as critical variables in leadership and followership literatures.
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Bar-Tal, Yoram. "FOLLOWERS' PHENOMENOLOGICAL FIELD AS AN EXPLANATORY FRAMEWORK TO FIEDLER'S SITUATIONAL FAVORABILITY DIMENSION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 19, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1991.19.3.165.
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Fiedler's contingency model (FCM) is based on the assumption that the interaction between leader's characteristics (leader's LPC) and the controllability of the situation determines followers’ productivity. The present paper, based on Lewinian analysis, suggests that followers' productivity is determined by followers' goals and motivations. These goals and motivation are partially determined by the situation and partially by the followers' perception of the situation. The leader is only a part of this. To demonstrate this claim a role play study was conducted. Subjects received a description of a leader (high or low LPC) and information about the followers' motivation in the situation. Four sets of situational conditions, characterized by octants 1, 4, 5 and 8 of the FCM were used. The dependent variable consisted of subjects' predictions of followers' productivity. It was hypothesized that the correlations between the projected group's productivity and leader's LPC would not be lower those that obtained by Fiedler, although the situational variables were replaced by information about followers'motivation. The hypothesis was confirmed.
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Mumford, Michael D., Fred Dansereau, and Francis J. Yammarino. "Followers, motivations, and levels of analysis." Leadership Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 2000): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00048-5.
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Mumford, Michael D. "Followers, motivations, and levels of analysis." Leadership Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 2000): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00049-7.
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Dansereau, Fred, and Francis J. Yammarino. "Followers, motivations, and levels of analysis." Leadership Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 2000): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00050-3.
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Mumford, Michael D. "Followers, motivations, and levels of analysis." Leadership Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 2000): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00051-5.
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Eijdenberg, Emiel L., Leonard J. Paas, and Enno Masurel. "Entrepreneurial motivation and small business growth in Rwanda." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 7, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 212–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and small business growth in one of the poorest emerging countries: the African least developed country (LDC), Rwanda. Design/methodology/approach – On the basis of theoretical resources and a pre-study of interviews with local experts in Rwanda, the authors developed a survey for this study. Based on primary data from 133 Rwandan small business owners, the authors conducted an exploratory factorial analysis to uncover the underlying factors. Subsequently, the authors conducted regression analyses to test the hypotheses. Findings – The analyses show that the predictors for the growth of small businesses can be divided into three factors: one factor with a mix of motivations related to family background, necessity and opportunity motivations; one factor with items predominantly related to opportunity motivation; and one factor with items related to necessity motivation. The first factor has the strongest positive effect on small business growth followed by the second factor. The factor concerning necessity motivation was irrelevant for further inclusion in the regression model, due to insufficient reliability. Research limitations/implications – The study contributes to the debate in the literature about which entrepreneurial motivations affect the growth of small businesses in LDCs. Practical implications – The results reported in this study also have implications for how small business growth in LDCs can be supported and stimulated by policy-making practice. Originality/value – This study shows that entrepreneurial motivation is not a clear distinction between necessity and opportunity, but that a mix of motivations is important to assess the growth of small businesses in an LDC, which is an understudied context.
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Jiang, Shan, Noel Scott, and Peiyi Ding. "Motivations of experienced leisure travellers: A means-end chain study on the Chinese outbound market." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718763694.
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This study examines Chinese outbound leisure travel motivation using a two-stage means-end chain (MEC) approach. In-depth interviews ( n = 60) using a soft-laddering method followed by a hard-laddering survey ( n = 600) with experienced Chinese outbound leisure travellers allowed culturally specific motivations for travel to be identified, based on 48 items at attribute, consequence and value levels. Six dominant MECs were identified. These findings provide a non-Western structure to the subtleties and salient dimensions of traveller motivation.
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Yousaf, Anish, Makhmoor Bashir, and Insha Amin. "Youth motivations to watch sports in Indian context: exploring cross-nationality and cross-gender differences." Management & Marketing 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2015-0022.
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AbstractThe current study revolves around research in sport consumption motivations exploring Nationality and Gender difference across fan motivations to watch sports in a way similar to Kwon and Trail (2001) in Indian context, a subject neglected until now. Data was collected from 260 respondents from India’s largest Private University. Findings reveal Group Affiliation as the most important motivation followed by Eustress (entertainment), Aesthetics, and Self-Esteem. Betting on sports was found as the least preferred motivation. Findings revealed Nationality having a significant impact on Group Affiliation and Aesthetics while Gender has a significant impact on Group Affiliation, Eustress as well as on level of identification with sport. These findings have implications for sports marketers of different sporting events involved in marketing of sports related activities to enhance their marketing practices. The results of the current study are of interest for physical education departments of large private Universities which can use them to promote their sports events at a large scale. The last section of the study discusses the results in detail followed by directions for future research.
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Graham, Jill W. "Leadership, Moral Development, and Citizenship Behavior." Business Ethics Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857271.
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Abstract:This paper suggests that different styles of leadership arouse different sorts of normative motivation among followers, and these diverse motivational sources in turn are associated with different forms of participant contribution to organizational success. Three interrelated clusters of leadership styles, normative motivation of followers, and organizational citizenship behavior are described. Leadership that appeals exclusively to followers’ self-interests is associated with preconventional moral development and dependable task performance. Leadership styles focusing on interpersonal relationships and social networks are associated with followers’ conventional moral development and work group collaboration. Transforming leadership that both models and nurtures servant leadership abilities is associated with post-conventional moral development and responsible participation in organizational governance.
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Iksan, Muhammad, and Dirham Dirham. "The Influence of the Economic Students’ Motivations and Language Learning Strategies towards Their English Achievement in STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo." Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature 5, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v5i1.737.
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The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate the students’ motivations, (2) to investigate the language learning strategies (LLSs) that are used by the students, (3) to investigate the level of students’ LLSs usage, and (4) to investigate the influence of the students’ motivations and the level of students’ LLSs usage towards their English competence. This research gave descriptions about the students’ motivations, LLSs that are used by the students, and the level of students’ LLSs usage. The sample of this research was 111 students that were taken from three classes of the first year students from three study programs, i.e. Ilmu Ekonomi, Manajemen, and Akuntansi. This research revealed that the students were categorized into high motivated to learn English where 70 students (63%) had high motivation, 25 students (23%) had very high motivation, 13 students (12%) had medium motivation, and 3 students (3%) had low motivation. This research also found that the students were dominantly used metacognitive strategies (44%), followed by compensation strategies (18%), affective strategies (14%), social strategies (10%), cognitive strategies (8%), and the least used strategies were memory strategies (6%). For the level of the students’ language learning strategies usage, the researcher found that the students level were categorized into medium, where 78 students (70%) mediumly used the LLSs, 30 students (27%) highly used the LLSs, 2 students (2%) lowly used the LLSs, and 1 student (1%) very highly used the LLSs.
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Romadhoni, Romadhoni, Gandes Retno Rahayu, and Umatul Khoiriyah. "IDENTIFIKASI MOTIVASI DAN DUKUNGAN YANG DIPERLUKAN MAHASISWA RETAKER UJI KOMPETENSI MAHASISWA PROGRAM PROFESI DOKTER." Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpki.48329.
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Background: Medical students who experience failure in the final exam are around 10%. In Indonesia, there are students who failed to pass the competency test for medical profession program students (UKMPPD) until 14 times. The impact of this failure is the occurence of mental health disorder. Students need support more than guidance on clinical knowledge and skills. This study aimed to identify the motivation and support needed by the UKMPPD retaker students in the effort to achieve graduation Methods: This research is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach, the data was obtained by in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). This research was followed by 16 respondents. The data analysis was conducted by thematic analysis method. Results: Identified intrinsic motivation predictor originated from learning independence, relation, and low competence. The extrinsic motivation predictors are originated from external regulation, that is UKMPPD regulation. The motivation predictor is originated from anxiety and study period limit. The support needed by the respondents from medical schools are in the form of psychological approach, absolving the retaker students from selection tests, providing form of selection tests that compatible with the blueprint and rules of UKMPPD multiple choice question, also giving the opportunity to pass with other exam methods. Conditions of motivation can change with the factors that influence it. Changes in motivational conditions that may occur are an increase in motivational conditions, decreased motivational conditions, or persistent motivational conditions. Conclusion: The motivation condition of retaker students is amotivated and motivated (external and internal motivation). Support from medical school that can increase motivation is given to students to keep their motivation level.
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Et al., Abshor Marantika. "The Motivation of Earnings Management Practices in Indonesia Companies: Board of Directors Perspective." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5075–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2019.
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This study provides evidence about underlying motivation the director encouraged practice of earnings management. Directors of manufacturing companies in Indonesia was to be sample in this research whose companies are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research explores fourth types of motivation where are bonus motivation, political motivation, debt covenant motivation, and taxation motivation. The research method carried out using quantitative methods by questionnaire. Sample study used board of directors in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Research method analyzed by multiple regression. The results of this study reveal that the four of motivations have effect on earnings management practices. The evidence also shows that the highest directors motivation for earning management is come from political cost motivation. Then, it followed by bonus motivation, taxation motivation and debt covenant motivation. The fact is an overview the regulation condition in Indonesia plays important role in being intervention of financial statements presented by the company, while bonus motivation is also significant for young directors in conducting earnings management practices on Indonesia companies.
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Todisco, John, Susan Hayes, and Douglas Farnill. "Career Motivations of Male and Female Medical Students." Psychological Reports 77, no. 3_suppl (December 1995): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3f.1199.
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Australian medical students ( N = 645) were asked at the beginning of their training to rank the importance of a list of motivations relevant to their choice of medicine as a career. Both male and female students ranked the desire to help others as the most important motivation, closely followed by the scientific nature and the intellectual challenge of the profession of medicine. Both genders rated considerations of status and prestige as of low importance. These findings are similar to surveys from other countries chat have reported altruism and intellectual challenge as prime motivations for both genders.
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Soherwardy, Aalia, and Elizabeth Crouch. "Assessing Initiatives for Rural Health Practices in South Carolina." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/jur.2020.028.
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The purpose of this study was to determine which incentives are most effective in motivating medical students to practice in rural areas of South Carolina, which can be informative for the medical practitioner rural recruitment process. Medical students attending the University of South Carolina School of Medicine located in Columbia, South Carolina were surveyed about demographic information, motivations for rural practice, and considerations for choosing a practice location (n=109). Chi-square tests and bivariate analyses were used to test for significant differences. A significant relationship was found between previous residence in a rural area and personal motivation to practice in a rural area (p<0.001). It was also found that 86.2% of students who had previously lived, worked, or served in rural areas had a personal motivation to practice medicine in a rural area, confirming previous research. Loan forgiveness options were the most appealing personal incentive for the students in this study, closely followed by guaranteed minimum incomes and tax incentives; financial incentives were more preferred than non-financial incentives like reduced on-call work and accelerated residencies. The results of this study can be utilized to craft future state-supported incentive programs or to tailor current programs to more effectively recruit students to rural practice. KEYWORDS: Rural; Recruitment; Healthcare Provider; Shortage; Incentive Programs; Medical Student; Southern United States; Loan Forgiveness
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Soherwardy, Aalia, and Elizabeth Crouch. "Assessing Initiatives for Rural Health Practices in South Carolina." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2020.028.
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The purpose of this study was to determine which incentives are most effective in motivating medical students to practice in rural areas of South Carolina, which can be informative for the medical practitioner rural recruitment process. Medical students attending the University of South Carolina School of Medicine located in Columbia, South Carolina were surveyed about demographic information, motivations for rural practice, and considerations for choosing a practice location (n=109). Chi-square tests and bivariate analyses were used to test for significant differences. A significant relationship was found between previous residence in a rural area and personal motivation to practice in a rural area (p<0.001). It was also found that 86.2% of students who had previously lived, worked, or served in rural areas had a personal motivation to practice medicine in a rural area, confirming previous research. Loan forgiveness options were the most appealing personal incentive for the students in this study, closely followed by guaranteed minimum incomes and tax incentives; financial incentives were more preferred than non-financial incentives like reduced on-call work and accelerated residencies. The results of this study can be utilized to craft future state-supported incentive programs or to tailor current programs to more effectively recruit students to rural practice. KEYWORDS: Rural; Recruitment; Healthcare Provider; Shortage; Incentive Programs; Medical Student; Southern United States; Loan Forgiveness
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Djordjic, Visnja, and Tatjana Tubic. "Self-determination theory and understanding of student motivation in physical education instruction." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 42, no. 1 (2010): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1001128d.
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Physical education is considered to be a favorable context for accomplishment of important educational outcomes and promotion of physical activity in children and youth. The real scope of physical education instruction largely depends on student motivation. Self-determination theory, as a specific macrotheory of motivation, offers a rewarding framework for understanding student motivation in physical education instruction. The paper presents the basic tenets of self-determination theory, the most important studies in the domain of physical education and didactic and methodical implications. Two mini-theories within the self-determination theory are analyzed in more detail, the cognitive evaluation theory and the organismic integration theory. Empirical verification of the theoretical tenets indicates the existence of typical motivational profiles of students in physical education instruction, the basic psychological needs as mediators of influence of social and interpersonal factors on student motivation, followed by the importance of motivational climate, students' goal orientations and teaching style for self-determination of students' behavior in physical education instruction. Didactic and methodical implications refer to the need for developing a more flexible curriculum of physical education, encouraging a motivational climate, task-focused goal orientations, and, especially, encouraging the perceived moving competence of the student.
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Kong, Ming, Haoying Xu, Aiqin Zhou, and Yue Yuan. "Implicit followership theory to employee creativity: The roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation." Journal of Management & Organization 25, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.18.
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AbstractLeaders’ implicit followership theory describes leaders’ personal assumptions about the traits and behaviors that characterize followers. Unlike traditional organizational behavior research, studies on leaders’ implicit followership theory can deepen our understandings of ‘how leaders and followers perceive, decide and take action’ from follower-centric perspective. Adopting 267 follower–leader dyads from 16 Chinese enterprises as our final sample, we found that: (1) positive leaders’ implicit followership theory had significant positive effect on followers’ creativity; (2) followers’ leader–member exchange with leader, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy mediated the positive relationship between positive leaders’ implicit followership theory and followers’ creativity; (3) no significance difference was found between the mediating effects of leader–member exchange, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy. The current study not only extended the application of social cognitive theory in leadership research, but also made contributions to the enrichment of social exchange theory and componential theory of creativity.
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Tung, Yi-Fan, and Harry C. Zinn. "Motivations of Volunteer Interpreters in Taiwan: A Survey of Natural Trails Society Volunteers." Journal of Interpretation Research 9, no. 1 (April 2004): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720400900103.
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We surveyed volunteer interpreters in the Natural Trails Society of Taiwan, an environmental education organization. Seventy-four of the 104 interpreters returned questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 71%. We compared the importance of different motivations, tested for relationships between motivations and volunteer characteristics, and evaluated motivation items developed specifically for environmental education volunteers. On average, volunteers attached most importance to enjoying nature, followed by learning, doing something to benefit nature and society, religious-spiritual reasons, social contact, achievement, teaching-leading-sharing, filling an empty nest, and fulfilling social obligations. Volunteers with lower household incomes attached more importance than others to enjoying nature. Achievement was more important to those without a college degree than to those with college degrees. Teaching-leading-sharing was most important to those who were younger, single, and without children at home. Filling an empty nest was most important to those without a college degree. Fulfilling social obligations was more important to males than females. Both learning and teaching-leading-sharing were more important to those who had been volunteering for two years or less than to those who had been volunteering longer. The patterns of motivations we found suggest strategies managers can use to recruit and retain volunteers. Additional research will be needed to explain why motivations differ between subgroups, compare motivations across organizations and cultures, and further develop and refine motivation scales for environmental education volunteers.
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Burhanuddin. "THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN EFL LEARNING ON DOUBLE-DEGREE PROGRAM OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACADEMY (ABA-YW UMI MAKASSAR)." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v2i1.1253.
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The aim of this research was to analyze and to find out (i) the types of students’ motivation in learning English as an EFL on Double-Degree program of Foreign Language Academy (ABA-YW UMI Makassar, South Sulawesi) where the Double-Degree program is applied, (ii) how the motivation emerged in the classroom during the teaching and learning processes, and (iii) the students’ perceptions of Double-Degree program and the impact to their achievements. The students of Moslem University of Indonesia have time and opportunity to study on Double-Degree program through the foreign Language academy (ABA YW-UMI Makassar) since 2009.The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected from four respondents of the Academy. The instrument of the research is the researcher himself. The researcher did the classroom observation, observation sheets, list of questions, recorded video and interview photo. The researcher carried out the observation and semi structured-interview in collecting the data. And then the researcher followed the steps in data analyzing they are: reading memoing, describing and classifying.The results of the research showed that (i) most of the respondents had the integrative motivation in learning a foreign language (English), (ii) the students’ motivation emerged in the classroom during the teaching and learning processes when they met and exchange ideas in the classroom from the different majors or faculties, and (iii) their perceptions on the Double-Degree program and its applications, and the impact to their achievements were high/positives and they believed that by having the two degrees or skills, they will be easy to apply and to finding jobs, status, and career. The theory related to the research is the socio-educational theory and motivational views theory, they are: self-determination theory, goals theory and attribution theory. Learners’ motivation to these theories in order to receive externally administered rewards: praise, gold starts, grade, certificate, diplomas, scholarship, financial independence, and ultimate happinessKey words : Analysis of LLM, Motivation in learning EFL, Integrative and Instrumental Motivations in EFL
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Hinrichs, Kim T., and Andrew T. Hinrichs. "Follower Motivation: The Affect of Hierarchy on Follower Self-Identity and Dignity." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 17599. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.17599abstract.
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Park, John Jongho, Mihee Park, and Jeremy Smith. "Engineering Students’ Concepts of Humanitarian Engineering and Their Identity Development as Humanitarian Engineers." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 8845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168845.
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Humanitarian Engineering extends engineering practice to provide a focus on addressing social inequities and contributing to sustainable development for all. This study investigated undergraduate engineering students’ concepts of Humanitarian Engineering and motives to be Humanitarian Engineers as they acquire knowledge and skills and build a professional identity as engineers who can work in complex socio-technical sustainability contexts. Qualitative data were collected from an open-ended survey of 46 engineering students followed by semi-structured interviews with ten students at a U.S. university. Survey data provided individual characteristics that conceptualized and guided interviews to explore key relationships among participants’ concepts of Humanitarian Engineering and motivations. A central idea of a “Humanitarian Engineer” identity emerged, influenced by various motivations. Students envisioning themselves as Humanitarian Engineers were associated with socio-cultural background, motivation to practice engineering skills, and desire to travel. A value-related motivation, the desire to help others, appeared as a strong catalyst for developing students’ professional identities and empowering a possible future self as Humanitarian Engineers. To support sustainability education in engineering demands, initial motivation factors associated with student Humanitarian Engineer identity development are researched to support potential future practice and career development.
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Verner, M. Elizabeth, Jeffrey B. Hecht, and A. Gigi Fansler. "Validating an Instrument to Assess the Motivation of Athletics Donors." Journal of Sport Management 12, no. 2 (April 1998): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.2.123.
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This paper describes the development of a survey instrument to assess athletics donor motivation. An extensive literature review, followed by interviews with athletics donors, identified 14 dimensions of donor motivation. Expert review and field testing of potential survey items reduced the number of dimensions of athletics donor motivation to 12. The final instrument, Motivation of Athletics Donors (MAD-1), was pilot tested with a sample of donors from 10 NCAA Division I athletics programs. Eleven scales were validated using confirmatory factor analysis, scale reliabilities (Cronbach's alpha), and item-to-total correlations. These results (a) provide the foundation necessary for systematic study of athletics donor behavior utilizing social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, and (b) support the use of the MAD-1 as a practical instrument for assessing the specific motivations of any particular donor group.
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Radel, Rémi, Philippe Sarrazin, and Luc Pelletier. "Evidence of Subliminally Primed Motivational Orientations: The Effects of Unconscious Motivational Processes on the Performance of a New Motor Task." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 31, no. 5 (October 2009): 657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.5.657.
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The aim of this study was to examine whether motivational orientations for a new motor task could be triggered by unconscious determinants. Participants were primed with subliminal words depicting an autonomous, a neutral, or a controlled motivation during an initial unrelated task, followed by working on an unknown motor task. Behavioral, physiological, and self-reported indicators of motivation for this task were assessed. Overall, results indicated a significant impact of the priming condition on all these indicators; whereas the priming of autonomous motivation led to positive outcomes, the priming of controlled motivation led to negatives outcomes when compared with the neutral condition. Implications regarding the priming of unconscious determinants of motivation for sport and exercise are discussed.
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Buch, Robert, Bård Kuvaas, Anders Dysvik, and Birgit Schyns. "If and when social and economic leader-member exchange relationships predict follower work effort." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 35, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-09-2012-0121.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize social leader-member exchange (SLMX) and economic leader-member exchange (ELMX) as two separate dimensions of leader-member exchange, and examines how intrinsic work motivation moderates their relationship with follower work effort. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 352 employee-leader dyads from the public health sector in Norway (response rate=61.9 percent). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the relationship between subordinate rated SLMX and ELMX relationships and leader ratings of work effort. Findings – This study replicates prior research showing that SLMX is positively related and ELMX negatively related to followers’ work effort. A significant interaction between SLMX and intrinsic motivation is also revealed, suggesting that SLMX relationships are important with respect to work effort for followers who exhibit lower levels of intrinsic work motivation. Research limitations/implications – The data were cross-sectional, thus prohibiting causal inferences. Practical implications – SLMX relationships may be particularly important for the work effort of followers low in intrinsic motivation. Leaders may draw on this finding and seek to aid the development of the relationship by means of relationship-oriented behaviors. Originality/value – Given the importance of maximizing the performance of all the followers, a better understanding of the conditions under which SLMX and ELMX relationships relate to work effort is particularly important. The present study advances knowledge on SLMX and ELMX relationships by demonstrating how intrinsic motivation moderates how SLMX and ELMX relationships relate to follower work effort.
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Susilo, Donny. "TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A STYLE OF MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES." Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J), no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v0i1.5222.
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<p>The common problem faced by company today is related to human resource management and development especially in career advance. Many of unsatisfied employees make company difficult to achieve target. Motivation can be enhanced by a kind of leadership that devotes its attention to the problems faced by its followers and the development needs of each of its followers by encouraging and encouraging them to achieve the goals. Transformational leadership has 4 functions in motivating employees, namely the dimensions of charisma, inspiration motivation, intellectual stimulation, attention to the individual. By the implementation of transformational leadership, the psychological aspects of employees can be mastered so that leads to increased motivation. Transformational leadership is good to apply in both government institution and private company.</p>
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Firth, J., S. Rosenbaum, B. Stubbs, P. Gorczynski, A. R. Yung, and D. Vancampfort. "Motivating factors and barriers towards exercise in severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 14 (August 9, 2016): 2869–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716001732.
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Exercise can improve clinical outcomes in people with severe mental illness (SMI). However, this population typically engages in low levels of physical activity with poor adherence to exercise interventions. Understanding the motivating factors and barriers towards exercise for people with SMI would help to maximize exercise participation. A search of major electronic databases was conducted from inception until May 2016. Quantitative studies providing proportional data on the motivating factors and/or barriers towards exercise among patients with SMI were eligible. Random-effects meta-analyses were undertaken to calculate proportional data and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for motivating factors and barriers toward exercise. From 1468 studies, 12 independent studies of 6431 psychiatric patients were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analyses showed that 91% of people with SMI endorsed ‘improving health’ as a reason for exercise (N = 6, n = 790, 95% CI 80–94). Among specific aspects of health and well-being, the most common motivations were ‘losing weight’ (83% of patients), ‘improving mood’ (81%) and ‘reducing stress’ (78%). However, low mood and stress were also identified as the most prevalent barriers towards exercise (61% of patients), followed by ‘lack of support’ (50%). Many of the desirable outcomes of exercise for people with SMI, such as mood improvement, stress reduction and increased energy, are inversely related to the barriers of depression, stress and fatigue which frequently restrict their participation in exercise. Providing patients with professional support to identify and achieve their exercise goals may enable them to overcome psychological barriers, and maintain motivation towards regular physical activity.
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Cong, Nhat Nguyen, Dung Nguyen Van, and Tinh Hoang Huu. "Effects of Motivation on Employees’ Performance at Petrovietnam Nghe An Construction Joinst Stock Corporation." American Journal of Business and Management 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/216796061706283.
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The purpose of any motivation programme is to motivate the organization’s employees to enable them work effectively. However, motivating employees is not an easy thing as what motivates employees differs among people. This paper intended to establish a set of factors that can motivate employees of Construction Joinst Stock Corporation (PVNC) and to establish the policy implications of these factors for managing staff of the PVNC. Questionnaire as research instrument was used and floated to 109. In total, 70 usable responses were received which were analyzed through SPSS 17.0 and used T-test statistic, ANOVA analysis, and linear regression. Results showed that good salary is the most important motivational factor followed by Opportunity for promotion. The paper revealed that these two factors are not the only factors that are needed to motivate employees of the PVNC. Other factors, including Supervisory practices and relations with authorities and Organization’s policies, are equally important depending on the type of motivational theory that is adopted. The study finally stresses the avoidance of disparities in pay/reward among staff of the same rank as a strategy to motivate and retain high quality staff in the PVNC. The study thus raises red flags that warn the management to be extra careful in their attempt to motivate staff of PVNC for effective.
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Mayfield, Milton, and Jacqueline Mayfield. "Cultivating voice through hands, heart, and spirit: motivating language’s role in gaining feedback." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 34, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-04-2019-0069.
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Purpose This manuscript presents guidelines for how managers can use communication (motivating language) to increase the feedback they receive from their followers. Design/methodology/approach These guidelines were developed from careful analysis of leader motivating language and follower voice literature. Findings Analysis results lead research based suggestions for how leaders can increase feedback from followers. Originality/value This manuscript will help leaders to increase needed feedback from followers on how to improve and develop organizations.
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Amalia, M. S., F. F. Dieny, A. Candra, Nuryanto, and A. F. A. Tsani. "Nutrition education via “instagram” and motivational interviewing for weight loss motivation and physical activity in obese female students." Food Research 5, S3 (July 28, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(s3).004.
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Nutrition education and motivational interviewing are methods to increase motivation, as essential factors in increasing physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition education via Instagram and motivational interviewing, on weight loss motivation and physical activity of obese female students. This study was quasi-experimental with a pre-post-controlled group design that involved thirty-seven obese female students aged 18-23 years at Universitas Diponegoro, selected by proportional stratified sampling. Subjects were divided into three groups, P1 was given nutrition education via Instagram for 30 days (ED) and motivational interviewing four times (MI), P2 was given ED only, and the control (K) was given a leaflet. Weight loss motivation was measured using a healthy diet motivation questionnaire, and physical activity (PA) was measured using IPAQ-SF. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann Whitney. There was an increase in the mean of weight loss motivation that highest in group P1 (109.86 into 126.43), followed by group P2 (114.85 into 121.69) and group K (105.30 into 112.90). The highest increase in the mean of total physical activity was in the P1 group (1341 to 2572), the P2 group (1761 to 2378), and the K group decreased (3404 to 1987) in METs units. There was a significant difference in the mean change in total physical activity and moderate physical activity between P1 and P2 groups when compared to the K group.
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Guo, Lingyun, Mingli Zhang, Kai Kang, and Mu Hu. "Transforming followers into fans: a study of Chinese users of the WeChat Official Account." Online Information Review 41, no. 7 (November 13, 2017): 1029–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-01-2016-0013.
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Purpose Drawing upon the social cognitive and customer engagement theories, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals’ simple follow, purely aiming for information but with little contribution, could affect fans behavior and make them engage in company social network (CSN). The study identifies the impact of personal motivators (follower participation motivation), environmental antecedents (perception of information quality) and individual behavior (fan engagement behavior and stickiness) on CSNs and examines the interaction relationship between the follower participation motivation and perception of information quality. Design/methodology/approach Data collected from 392 valid questionnaires from WeChat Official Account users were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Findings Personal factor such as follower participation motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic motivator) was found to be significant predictor of fan engagement behavior. Environmental factor (perception of information quality: perceived usefulness as well as perceived entertainment) was a significant factor in determining followers’ proclivity to engage in CNSs. One significant interaction effect was found: the effect of perceived entertainment on fan engagement behavior was manifested to a greater extent when followers’ participation aimed for intrinsic motivator. The second interaction effect, between the extrinsic motivator and perceived usefulness, was also found to be statistically significant. Originality/value This study enriches and extends the studies on the theories of customer engagement and social cognitive theory. It applies the above theories to CSNs and advances CSNs research by taking into consideration both personal and environmental factors (follower participation motivation and perception of information quality), and the interaction effects of the two on individual behavior.
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Thuan, Le Cong. "Motivating follower creativity by offering intellectual stimulation." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 817–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-06-2019-1799.
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Purpose The purposes of this paper are first to resolve the inconsistent relationship between leader intellectual stimulation and follower creativity by investigating a promising moderator and then to examine the role of follower creative ability and job autonomy as mediating mechanisms linking leader intellectual stimulation with follower creativity. Design/methodology/approach A time-lagged study was undertaken to gather data from employees working in the information technology sector in Vietnam (N = 415). This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the gathered data. Findings This study found a positive direct relationship between leader intellectual stimulation and follower creative performance. Moreover, the follower proactive personality moderated this direct relationship. Furthermore, the results illustrated that follower creative ability and job autonomy partially mediated the positive effect of leader intellectual stimulation on follower creativity. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to investigate the moderating role of follower proactive personality in resolving the inconsistent relationship between leader intellectual stimulation and follower creativity. Moreover, with using follower creative ability and job autonomy as mediating mechanisms, this study provides evidence that leader behaviors have a partially indirect association with follower creativity through follower abilities and work characteristics.