Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonction de tâche'
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Caissie, René. "La tâche du Stroop en fonction de la pression temporelle et du sexe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44752.
Full textSchmitz, Christina. "Développement de la fonction d'anticipation au cours d'une tâche bimanuelle de délestage chez l'enfant sain et chez l'enfant autiste." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22009.
Full textHerrera, Gomez Paula Marcela. "Inhibition, motivation et prédiction : La tâche de stop modifiée par paliers de récompense comme modèle expérimental." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS031V/document.
Full textCognitive inhibition is considered as a key element in all executive functions of the human body. Motivation is recognized as an essential factor in the modulation of inhibition, although several neurocognitive and neurophysiological aspects of these contributions remain unknown.The “Stop signal task” is used as a reliable experimental model in the exploration of behavioural and neurobiological underpinnings of inhibition. I have conducted several experimental protocols based on the Stop Signal Task, which have been modified by the introduction of various levels of reward cues, be it a smiley or a monetary reward. In the second part of my work, I have explored the priming effect of the reward instruction through two experimental protocols. These observations fit well with the brain's predictive coding theory, based on a Bayesian prediction system where behavioural adjustments are made on the expectations and generated from the base of information previously acquired. Moreover, the order of presentation of rewards comes out to be determinant on the adjustment of the inhibition strategies. These observations have suggested a new hypothesis: the "kick start effect". An immediate and salient inhibition improvement is observed when subjects were exposed to the highest reward at the beginning of the task.Furthermore, the developmental aspect of inhibition and motivation was explored by the application of a protocol applied on a group of normal children, and being compared to previous data obtained on a similar protocol applied on adults.EEG recordings obtained during my PhD work will serve to analyse Event-related Potentials, as part of a postdoctoral work
Doulcier, Joseph. "Implantation optimale d'un robot en fonction d'une tâche à réaliser en environnement contraint. Analyse, synthèse et développement d'un module d'aide à l'implantation des robots." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523120.
Full textSun, Xiaoguang. "Une approche innovante basée sur un cadre de fonction-tâche-comportement pour intégrer les facteurs humains et l'ergonomie dès la première phase de conception." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD044/document.
Full textHuman factors and ergonomics (HF/E) as a scientific discipline provide constraints for the engineering design of human and system (product) interactions. Most existing studies on HF/E cover the specialization of physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics. Numerous evidences show that insufficient consideration of HF/E information leads to poor design, and fully considering this information in the design phase can improve both the user experience and system performance. Existing methods for HF/E information integration (HF/EII) can be categorized into two types: Technology-Centred Design (TCD) and User-Centred Design (UCD). TCD methods integrate HF/E information from the detailed design phase or later, which may cause design modifications and iterations. UCD approaches address HF/E information from the early design phase, which are time-consuming for HF/E requirements collection. The objective of this thesis is dedicated to a new design methodology and tool for HF/EII from the early design phase in a systematic, time-saving, less expensive, and less iteration way. In this thesis, a function-task-behaviour framework has been developed, which provides a systematic and detailed guide for HF/EII from the early design phase. A case study has been presented to validate its feasibility, which offers the theoretical support for method implementation. Thus, an Interaction Design Centre (IDC) module was developed and integrated in CAD software to aid the design work, which provides a practical way for the implementation of FTB framework. It enables designers to (1) catch both functional requirements and non-functional requirements from the early design phase, and (2) convert them into design parameters to carry out the design work. By using IDC module, design modifications and iterations due to belated effort for HF/E consideration can be significantly reduced, thereby providing a satisfactory user experience in the case of meeting the functional requirements. Regarding current method of design solution generation overly relies on designers’ experience, a design solution generation model is developed for producing design solution. Different from current problem solving approaches, this model is easy for designers to cognize and operate. It offers a divergent thinking for design solution generation based on the individual design task. Finally, the major contributions and limitations of our study are presented and the future studies are previewed
Sturm, Hendrik. "Variabilité, synchronisation et cohérence de l'activité des unités motrices chez l'homme : application à l'étude de la réorganisation du réseau afférent motoneuronal en fonction de la tâche." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22036.
Full textWieber, Pierre-Brice. "Modélisation et commande d'un robot marcheur anthropomorphe." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390898.
Full textNous commençons alors par proposer une formulation de la dynamique des robots marcheurs qui fait apparaître la structure spécifique de ces contraintes, démontrant notamment l'importance des appuis au sol. En s'appuyant ensuite sur la notion de viabilité, nous développons un point de vue inédit sur l'équilibre des robots marcheurs, ce qui nous amène à proposer une loi de commande totalement nouvelle, évaluant en permanence, parmi un ensemble de mouvements connus, ceux que le robot est capable de réaliser compte tenu de son état dynamique.
Un ensemble de développements logiciels et de travaux expérimentaux sont également entrepris autour du robot BIP, robot anthropomorphe comportant 15 articulations actionnées.
Cazalis, Fabienne. "Variation de l'activation frontale en fonction de la difficulté de la tâche : Étude en IRMf de la résolution de la Tour de Londres par des sujets sains et des patients traumatisés crâniens sévères." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0027.
Full textGao, Bo. "Contribution à la synthèse de commandes référencées vision 2D multi-critères." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119789.
Full textRegnaux, Jean Philippe. "Automaticité de la locomotion chez l'homme : analyse par un paradigme de double tâche." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112030.
Full textIn a stable environment, the control of human locomotion is often regarded as very automated, with little or no involvement of cognitive function. Attention is associated with the activation of certain cerebral structures. The involvement of attentional resources in the control of motor performance can be evaluated by a dual -task paradigm, through use of a reaction time (RT) task. The aim of our research is to determine and evaluate the contribution of attentional resources required for gait control on a treadmill at a steady state in young healthy adults or after a central system nervous lesion. Our results show that walking at a confortable speed under very automated conditions, as on a treadmill, is not a purely automatic activity. The requirement of attentional resources during treadmill walking shows the participation of cerebral structures in the maintenance and control of the performance of the locomotor task. In the motor control of locomotion, these structures appear particularly involved during the double limb support phase. Compared to healthy young adults, the greater amount of resources consumed by patients after a cerebral or spinal injury while performing the walking task seems to be related to the importance of the locomotor impairment. An outcome measure using RTs during treadmill walking could be an easy and inexpensive tool for the evaluation of treatment effectiveness or patient progress in walking performance
Drolet, Marie Hélène Lucie Renée. "Les fonctions exécutives chez les enfants : réévaluer "l'avantage du bilingue" à l'aide d'une nouvelle tâche développementale." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41596.
Full textCao, Xue. "Mise en oeuvre d'une tâche virtuelle, écologique et paramétrable dans le contexte des fonctions exécutives." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00577779.
Full textDrouin, Marie-Christine. "Les temps de réaction à des tâches cognitives en fonction du vieillissement adulte." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61338.pdf.
Full textGlady, Yannick. "Raisonnement par analogie et son développement : rôle des fonctions exécutives et du but de la tâche." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL036/document.
Full textThis manuscript develops an issue related to the involvement of goal management capabilities and executive functions in this type of reasoning and its development. The first three experiments examine this issue in two tasks of analogical reasoning, the scene analogy task and the A:B::C:? task, through the study of visual strategies used by adults, and children aged 6-to-7. The results show differences in visual patterns related to goals, and to the inhibition of irrelevant information for the solution of the problems, between the different tasks, and between children and adults. The following two experiments study the visual strategies, always in relation to executive functioning and goal management, in an A:B::C:? task whose difficulty is manipulated to highlight the difference in involvement of monitoring and evaluation processes. The results do show an effect of the difficulty of the test and the type of distractor in the visual strategies employed. Finally, the last three experiments investigate the involvement of cognitive flexibility, one of the executive functions, in the analogical reasoning of preschool children (5-6-year-olds), limited in their flexibility. The results show that their early anchoring in a type of representation, relevant or not to the solution of the problem, is related to their ability to solve the problem later, and thus suggest a difficulty in shifting their representation during the resolution of the problems. These results are finally discussed in relation to models of analogical reasoning and of the development of this ability, especially those integrating goal management and executive functions
Poirier, Hélène. "Enquête visant à identifier les fonctions et tâches du coordonnateur des plans de services individualisés." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5151/1/000620145.pdf.
Full textJamet, Mallaury. "Place du traitement cognitif des informations sensorielles dans la performance de la fonction d'équilibration en situation multi-tâches." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10173.
Full textNormal ageing or senescence is known to affect these three functions and incidentally balance control, reception of sensory information, integration of information destined to the construction and the programming by the nervous system of a set of instructions and motor execution of these orders by the muscular system. This work aimed to assess the place of cognitive sensorial information processing in balance performance. These results were discussed in terms of age-dependent evolution of the relative places of automatic and cognitive processings in balance performance, particularly for the validation of the assumption that ageing induces a requisite increase of cognitive load with expression in a large mobilisation of attentional resources and cognitive operative processes which, in the same time, decreased in availability and potentiality
Baclet-Roussel, Caroline. "Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) : étude neuropsychologique des sous-types amnésique et dysexécutif et apport d'une tâche de mémoire prospective dans le diagnostic précoce." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H076.
Full textThe concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) distinguishes between amnestic (a-MCI) and dysexecutive sub-types (d-MCI). These particular ones have been kept out of the research work, and their cognitive profile remains little defined. In addition, some cognition areas are still poorly known, like prospective memory (PM), ability to remember to realize intentions in the future. The aims of this work were to characterize and study the evolution of the neuropsychological impairment in a-MCI and d-MCI and examine their activation profile to cognitive tasks in functional MRI. We tried to differentiate the MCI sub¬types according to their performance profile to a PM task. 1st studies allowed to observe that a-MCI are more impaired at encoding and retrieval processes in episodic memory, and show difficulties in strategies initiation. The d-MCI showed impairments in working memory, in free recall tasks of episodic memory, and in instrumental activities. The 2nd study reveals a more significant progression, at 1 and 2 years, of the MCI than of the controls, the a-MCI developing quite often dysexecutive deficits. The 3rd study reveals that whereas the a-MCI are indeed those with the most trouble remembering the intentions in MP, the d-MCI actually realize less action. The 4th study seems to show an increase in the recruitment of the cerebral areas within MCI subjects compared to a control one. The results of this research result in putting into light the role of the executive processes and of the frontal functions within the MCI, their involvement in the PM performance and the contribution of the PM performance profiles in the early distinction of the a-MCI and d-MCI
Dossat, Arnaud. "Peroneus digiti quarti et peroneus digiti quinti : propriétés mécaniques contractiles et fonctions lors de tâches posturales et locomotrices." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21471.
Full textFor several years the existence of small muscles with a proprioceptive function was under debate. The fibular muscles of the Rat, abductor of the 4th or 5th digit were chosen as model. The proportions and properties of the main types of motor units were determined in these muscles. Furthermore, it was shown that the summation of the forces developed by the motor units in these muscles was linear in either static or dynamic conditions. An histological study of the distribution of the intramuscular connective tissue helped to explain this linearity. All these results allowed to design a mathematical model of the generation of motor unit forces. To study the function of the abduction of the 4th and 5th digit during walking the cinematic of the hind limbs was determined using video recordings. The changes in cinematic after tenotomy of the 5th digit and the results on the motor unit forces tend to prove that these small muscles are not mechanically efficient but seem to have a proprioceptive function
Toczé, Capucine. "Rôle du contrôle exécutif dans l'utilisation de stratégies en mémoire épisodique : exemples de l'effet de l'âge et d'une tâche d'attention divisée." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2027.
Full textThe age-related episodic memory decline is now well established, but there is no consensus about its cause. Whatever the processes or resources implied, they could 5e responsible of a difficulty in using mnesic strategies. In this work, we studied the main mediators known to be implied in the age related episodic memory impairment: attention, executive functions, working memory and processing speed. We called them “executive control”. We have conducted four experiments in order to examine its rule in the use of mnesic strategies and in the recall of words, on individuals who show reduce attentional resources (older adults and younger adults under divided attention). Results showed that the control resources were reduced with ageing, which could 5e responsible fora deficit in the adapted use of encoding strategies. leading to a decrease of memory performance with old age
Chevignard, Mathilde. "Evaluation de la négligence spatiale unilatérale chez l'enfant et des troubles des fonctions exécutives dans la vie quotidienne chez l' adulte après lésion cérébrale acquise." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066458.
Full textMongrain, Sylvain J. "Fonctions, tâches et besoins de formation des enseignants en éducation physique, pour mieux contribuer à la prévention de la violence en milieu scolaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25440.pdf.
Full textCupello, Sylvia. "Approche développementale et comparative des fonctions exécutives lors de la réalisation de tâches de communication référentielle et neuropsychologiques : le cas des enfants TDAH." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H011.
Full textThrough an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis combines developmental psychology and neuropsychology, to analyze the executive function deficit in combined-type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disordered (ADHD) children. For this purpose, two developmental and comparative studies are conducted. In the referential communication paradigm, the subject's descriptions and comprehensions concerning visual material are analyzed. A series of non-verbal tasks taken from the neuropsychological battery CANTAB are also applied. The results to the verbal referential task reveal that ADHD children have a cognitive control deficit and develop inefficient strategies. The results from the non-verbal tasks indicate a motor inhibition deficit and difficulties in retaining information in working memory. An interdisciplinary perspective to the study of ADHD is provided by comparing the results to the verbal and non verbal tasks
Le, Guidec Marie-Laure. "Etude de l'effet de l'âge et des facteurs de vieillissement sur les tâches implicites et explicites de complètements de trigrammes et de fragments." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2029.
Full textThis thesis is about the study og aging effects on two similar tasks of priming repetition : word stem completion (WSC) and word fragment completion (WFC). Indeed, several studies report that these two tasks are not sensitive to aging effects, but others numerus studies also reveal that exclusively WSC is altered by age. Two experiments comparing young and old people were performed, as welle as a third experiment comparing intstitutionalized people and non institutionalized old people. The results confirm that there is an age effect only on WSC, but no effect from institutionalisation. Several hypotheses can explain this result. Firstly, WSC may more sensitive to the awarness phenomenon in the realization of an implicit task. Secondly, it is supposed that WSC would involve more the excutive functionning, particulary modified by aging ( compared to WFC). Eventually, if the hypothesis is not confirmed, other factors such as processing speed or working memory could explain the age effect on WSC. Our datas indicate in the first place that age effect on WSC concern only conscoius responses, and also that executive deficit mediates more than processsing speed or working memory, age effect on WSC. Finally, this thesis illustrates the explicit memory and implicit memory dissociation : concerning age effect on explicit memory it could be explained by a slowing down of processing speed. Therefore, this studiet reveals that WSC and WFC can be dissociated by age effect as well as the cognitive ressources they involve
Peuziat, Martine. "Compréhension de certaines relations d'inclusion par des enfants de 5 à 11 ans en fonction des variables de langue de présentation du matériel et des tâches." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR21018.
Full textWe have studied the understanding of 5 to 11 years old children of inclusive utterances such as "ts les sx, y" in relation to variation of utterance, task and materiel presentation. The "tous" is here not considered as a logical operator but as a discursive one. In all utterances, relations between x and y predicates are aleatory. This enable us to get round difficulty : in the famous Piaget's tests known as "marguerites et des fleurs" and the one of "perles et des perles en bois", the relation between the both predicates is compulsory and universal without any need of experimental verification; to assert that margerites are flowers could not be sufficient to conclude that the child is "inclusive" all the more so since he doesn't obligatory make precise conclusion. On the other hand if utterance is "tous les dessins carrés sont rouges", nobody can answer without trying to find experimentaly the possible presence of conter-examples. This search and the taking into account of conter-examples are therefore considered as indication of inclusion in our work. After a short remember of previous works directly about inclusion or apparently more away from our works but inspired by the same philosophy, we expose our results. Those are not presented under the form of a "success error
Smirnova, Maria. "Contrats de travail et problèmes d'allocation des ressources dans les universités russes - Une approche en termes des modèles multitâches." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00510024.
Full textDerouet, Charlotte. "La fonction de densité au carrefour entre probabilités et analyse en terminale S : Etude de la conception et de la mise en oeuvre de tâches d'introduction articulant lois à densité et calcul intégral." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC126/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the connections between probability and analysis (calculus) in the scientific track of Grade 12 (French baccalaureate program). We explored the ways in which links between the mathematics subfields of continuous probability and integral calculus are created and explored, through a research focused on the concept of density function. Using the Mathematical Working Space model and some elements of Activity Theory, we sought to identify tasks that would allow introducing this concept and building the semiotic relationship between probability and integral. In order to address this issue, we began with an epistemological and historical study of the birth of the concept of density function, which enabled us to identify the important role of statistics in this genesis. Then, an analysis of institutional documents and textbooks showed that the link between continuous probability and integral calculus is imposed on students and rarely exploited in the different tasks given to them. Finally, we studied the design and implementation of original introductory tasks through a research methodology that we call “collaborative didactic engineering”. The goal of these tasks is to get the class “collective” to construct the concept of density function and trigger the need for calculating areas under a curve. We highlighted the activities of the class “collective” in the construction of this notion by analyzing articulations between the three subfields: continuous probability, descriptive statistics and integral calculus
Delaplace-Reisser, Chantal. "Contribution à l'analyse du crawl du nageur non expert : étude des paramètres spacio-temporels, des parties nagées et non nagées et de la coordination de nage en fonction du niveau d'expertise, de la distance et du genre." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON14005.
Full textFRUCHARD, Matthieu. "Méthodologies pour la commande de manipulateurs mobiles non-holonomes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010344.
Full textdes robots constitués d'un bras manipulateur embarqué sur une plate-forme porteuse. L'objectif de
ce travail est de fournir un cadre méthodologique pour la synthèse de lois de commande par retour d'état de tels systèmes, en
partant du constat qu'une stratégie de coordination entre la plate-forme et le manipulateur requiert génériquement de commander la
situation complète de la plate-forme. L'originalité des deux nouvelles approches proposées est de permettre un contrôle coordonné
d'une tâche prioritaire de manipulation et d'une tâche secondaire de locomotion, obtenu via la stabilisation pratique
de la situation complète de la plate-forme le long d'une trajectoire de référence quelconque.
Ces deux méthodes génériques s'appuient sur la fusion de deux outils de commande:
l'approche par fonctions de tâches, dédiée au contrôle des bras manipulateurs, et
l'approche par fonctions transverses, consacrée à la commande des plate-formes non-holonomes.
Différentes applications de suivi de cible valident la flexibilité et la polyvalence de ces
approches de commande à travers le choix de plusieurs stratégies de coopération entre
manipulation et locomotion.
Delotterie, David. "Translational potential of the touchscreen-based methodology to assess cognitive abilities in mice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ048/document.
Full textThis thesis work aimed to specify the potential of an innovative methodology latterly adapted in mice from neuropsychological tasks used in Humans. After the optimization of 3 assays (PAL, VMCL, PVD) taxing various cognitive functions in animals, different behavioral studies have gradually revealed: (1) the putative existence of proactive interferences over consecutive learnings in touchscreen tasks; (2) no acquisition deficit in Tg2576 mice (a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s Disease) in these paradigms, whatever the amyloid load considered; (3) the specific involvement of the dorsal striatum during the acquisition of VMCL and PAL tasks and the key role of the hippocampus during the recall of the latter task. As exemplified by the PAL task, our results suggest that despite momentous efforts in order to ensure the translational feature of touchscreen cognitive tasks, certain adaptations inherent to each species deeply influence the nature of underlying neurobiological substrates
Sghaier, Salem Béchir. "Ingénierie d'intégration des TIC dans l'enseignement du concept de continuité dans le cycle secondaire tunisien." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC082.
Full textThe definition of the continuity of functions at a given point, as well as the concept of continuity, remains a major difficulty in teaching and learning analysis. It presents FUG aspects in the sense of Robert (1982) so it must be introduced with particular attention to the mediations and the role of the teacher. In this thesis, we propose a didactic engineering (in the sense of M. Artigue) integrating TICE, which takes into account the potentialities of the computer tool and the specificities of the notion studied. It is based on a software application whose design takes into account the study of relief (epistemological, didactic and curricular) on the notion of continuity that we lead at the beginning of this research. As a result, selected activities are proposed in a thoughtful way and based on previous work related to our research topic, such as those of Robert (1982) (band engineering) and those of Tall and Vinner (palette of functions). These activities involve different frameworks and registers, with reference to Douady (1986) and Duval (1996), and they respect a certain level of conceptualization aimed at, as well as the associated field of work, which are specified at the study of the issue of the relief on the notion of continuity. These activities are a support for introducing the different definitions (kinematic and formal) of this new concept, through the tasks proposed in the software. They are supplemented by pencil paper tasks, which also allow to work the dialectic "Tool / Object" for the implementation of the formalized definition. The experimental phase of our engineering, which is preceded by a priori study of the tasks proposed by the software, is done through the realization of the three teaching and learning sessions on the introduction of the notion of continuity in three third-grade classes (scientific math and science sections) and a regular session declared useful in the evaluation of our engineering. In addition to the data collected at the end of this experiment (students' traces of the software, video recordings of the four sessions), a post-test based on a few paper-and-pencil exercises involving the expected level of conceptualization is proposed to two groups of students (one of whom took advantage of sessions with the software). We placed ourselves in the framework of the theory of activity developed at the LDAR by Robert, Rogalski and more recently Vandebrouck, based on the works of Piaget, Vergnaud on the one hand - reference to conceptualization in action - and Vygotsky on the other hand - the importance of mediations and the ZPD in conceptualization. This importance of ZPD and mediations at the level of conceptualization is due to the FUG aspects of the definition of continuity. This theoretical framework, which led to the design of the technological tool, touches on most of the aspects we consider important for the conceptualization of continuity (with simple and / or complex tasks, processing, organization and recognitions, and opportunities for procedural or constructive mediation). A posteriori analysis of the collected data allowed us to conclude that the software seems to be a good support for proximities (descending, ascending and horizontal) for the construction of students' sense of mathematical concepts (continuity, image of a interval by a function ...), it offers for the teacher, the possibility to put more value in the formalism (symbols and words), including with intermediate, transitory formulations (by horizontal proximities) as well as knowledge in logic
Pannuzzo, Nelly. "Ostracism and social vulnerability : impact on cognitive control, emotions and fundamental needs." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20126.
Full textImpact on cognitive control, emotions and fundamental needsRésumé : Social exclusion is considered as one of the most painful situations for human beings. Past research showed that even brief episodes of ostracism (the Cyberball paradigm) have strong effects at the neurophysiological, emotional, and behavioral levels, its impact at the cognitive level however did not receive much attention. Recent findings revealed a negative influence of ostracism on electrophysiological markers of cognitive control, yet there is no direct evidence that being socially excluded reduces cognitive control. Here, we investigated the impact of ostracism (using the Cyberball) on cognitive control using a standard Simon task and distributional reaction time analyses with non-chronically-ostracized and chronically-ostracized populations (regular students in Study 1, illiterate people in Study 2, and long-term unemployed people in Study 3). In the three studies, brief episodes of social exclusion had negative effects on participants’ self-reports of fundamental needs' satisfaction (belonging, meaningful existence, self-esteem, and control). These effects, however, were substantially reduced in chronically-ostracized populations, suggesting that ostracism based on the Cyberball is a bit less meaningful for those populations. More importantly, this ostracism caused a transitory reduction in cognitive control in the non-chronically-ostracized participants (Study 1), as indicated by a stable (rather than decreased) Simon effect on longer reaction times where inhibition yet is more likely. However, we found no evidence of a differential sensitivity between the chronically-ostracized participants and their control groups (Study 2 and Study 3), suggesting that the Cyberball paradigm is not powerful enough with people experiencing social exclusion in their ordinary life. Our findings therefore call into question the predominance of the Cyberball paradigm for our understanding of the cognitive effects of ostracism, at least in chronically ostracized-individuals
Nancel, Mathieu. "Designing and combining mid-air interaction techniques in large display environments." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772458.
Full textRoy, Guylaine. "Asymétrie et faiblesse musculaire lors des tâches de se lever et de s'asseoir chez l'adulte avec une hémiparésie." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14493.
Full textBellemare-Alford, Daphnée. "Les conséquences des commotions cérébrales sur le contrôle de la fréquence cardiaque par le système nerveux autonome durant une tâche cognitive." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25175.
Full textMost studies have focused on the consequences of concussions on the brain itself. However, the brain performs many functions, including regulating heart rate. Therefore, researchers have begun studying the consequences of these concussions on the brain’s heart rate regulation during physical exertion. Most athletes who sustain a concussion need to plan for their return to play as well as a return to work or school. The purpose of this research project was to study the consequences of concussions on the brain’s regulation of heart rate during cognitive effort. This study involved 11 university athletes who sustained a concussion, as well as 14 athletes with no history of concussion. Concussed athletes were assessed an average of 14.6 days (± 7.4 days) after their injury. The participants’ heart rate was recorded at rest and during cognitive effort, which consisted of a switch task. Short segments lasting two minutes at rest and during cognitive task were analyzed. The results show a significant increase in the approximate entropy in the control group during the cognitive task (ρ <0.05), while no difference was observed between the approximate entropy at rest and during the cognitive task in the concussed athletes. These results suggest that neurological deficits related to heart rate regulation may be observed during cognitive task in athletes who recently sustained a concussion.
Lortie, Jean-Christophe. "Les effets de la règle de la mise en échec sur les fonctions exécutives et l’état psychoaffectif de jeunes hockeyeurs au cours d’une saison." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23647.
Full textAthletes from contact sports are introduced to repetitive subconcussive impacts at a young age. Although concussions represent a major concern in public health as they can alter cognitive functions, little is known about subconcussive impacts and the role they might have in the hypothetical neurodegenerescence of the brain. Subconcussive impacts are registered at a smaller velocity than concussive impacts and therefore are not associated with concussion-related sign or symptoms. However, these impacts occur at a higher frequency as they are part of contact sports like hockey, American football and soccer. The brain receives multiple subconcussive impacts during a season or an entire career. Adolescent hockey players are introduced to body checking at the age of 13-14 years old and brain functions like executive functions are not completely developed until the end of adolescence. Also, executive functions are responsible for task planning, inhibition and working memory. Moreover, these functions seem to be afflicted in the long term after one or multiple concussions. The purpose of this project was to explore the effects of subconcussive impacts on executive functions and the psycho-affective state of adolescent hockey players competing with different types of body checking rules. Thirty-eight participants were recruited from the age of 12 to 17 years. They were grouped according to the type of body checking rules they played with during the season, which were physical contact (PC), restrictive body checking (RBC) and full body checking (FBC). Executive functions were assessed using a colour-shape paradigm of the switch task. Psycho-affective state was assessed with self-reported questionnaires. Participants completed this protocol at the beginning and the end of their hockey season. A 3 × 2 × 2 ANCOVA did not reveal any interaction, nor main effect of the type of body checking (PC; RBC; FBC), history of concussion (HOC; no HOC) and time of the season (Pre; Post) on the results of the switch task and the self-reported questionnaires. Therefore, this suggests that the rule of body checking is not sufficient to cause any alteration of executive functions or any change in the psycho-affective state of adolescent hockey players.
Provencher, Véronique. "Influence du milieu d'évaluation sur la réalisation de tâches liées à la préparation de repas auprès de personnes âgées fragiles." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8498.
Full textThis thesis aims to advance the state of knowledge about the impact of assessment settings (home versus clinic) on meal preparation task performance in frail older adults. The thesis has three specific objectives and the results are presented in five articles. The first specific objective aims to review current knowledge about the concept of frailty in occupational therapy and the impact of assessment settings in frail older adults. First, a critical review about frailty was conducted. The results (article 1) demonstrate that a better understanding of the concept of frailty may help occupational therapists provide health care and services better tailored to the specific needs of this population. Second, a review of studies comparing performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) between assessment settings was performed. The results (article 2) reveal that older adults without significant cognitive impairments tend to perform better in IADL tasks when assessed at home. Some factors, such as familiarity with the environment, may explain this difference. Based on this review, similar results might be expected with frail elders. The second specific objective aims to compare meal preparation task performance in home and clinical settings in a population of frail older adults. Thirty-seven frail older adults were thus assessed in home and clinical settings with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS), using a counterbalanced design. The results (articles 3, 4, 5) globally demonstrate significantly better performance of participants when assessed at home. The third specific objective aims to identify demographic, physical, cognitive, psychological and environmental factors that may explain differences between assessment settings. The results (articles 3, 4, 5) indicate that a better performance in the home setting was mostly related to a decline in certain executive functions. Other cognitive, demographic, psychological, physical and environmental factors also contribute to explain the differences between assessment settings but to a lesser extent. Our findings may help occupational therapists identify frail older adults likely to present a different performance in the clinical setting and thus for whom home assessments would be advisable. Our findings could ultimately mean that frail clients are provided with services adapted to their needs, while ensuring an efficient allocation of health care resources.
Aumont, Étienne. "La relation entre la stratégie de navigation spontanée et la prise de décision et les fonctions exécutives." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22224.
Full textKocka, Andrea. "L’urgence, la préméditation, la persévérance et la recherche de sensations suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral en lien avec les fonctions exécutives." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18494.
Full textImpulsivity is a common sequela following traumatic brain injury (TBI) to which are associated many negative consequences and necessitates important resources. A thorough assessment of impulsivity is therefore necessary in a rehabilitation setting. However, there is no consensual definition of post TBI impulsivity nor is there a specific measure allowing its assessment. It is generally acknowledged, in recent literature, that impulsivity is a multidimensional construct. The UPPS-P model is gaining a significant amount of support and could allow a better understanding of post-TBI impulsivity. According to this model, there are four dimensions to impulsivity, namely urgency (tendency to experience and act on strong impulses frequently under conditions of strong affect), lack of perseverance (inability to remain focused on a task that may be boring or difficult), lack of premeditation (inability to think and reflect on the consequences of an act before engaging in that act) and sensation seeking (tendency to enjoy activities that are exciting and a willingness to try new experiences). It has been suggested that urgency, lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation are linked to impairments on prepotent response inhibition, on resistance to proactive interference and on decision making, respectively (Bechara and Van der Linden, 2005). This conceptualisation offers a promising avenue as to the assessment of post-TBI impulsivity. This project aims to clarify the construct of post-TBI impulsivity, to determine whether the same cognitive mechanisms come into play in the different dimensions of impulsivity in an intensive functional rehabilitation setting and to determine which performance tasks allow the prediction of impulsive behaviors in that setting. Firstly, a literature review among studies on post-TBI impulsivity gives support to a multidimensional conceptualisation of impulsivity and allows to bring out the obstacles which make the study of post-TBI impulsivity more complicated. Secondly, the use of different performance tasks is used to assess the links between UPPS-P dimensions and cognitive mechanisms. Results indicate impairments on the mechanisms linked to prepotent response inhibition, to resistance to proactive interference and to decision making. However, they do not support Bechara and Van der Linden’s (2005) propositions as to the underlying mechanisms to the dimensions of post-TBI impulsivity in an acute rehabilitation setting. Thirdly, the results show the relevance of ecological performance tasks as to the prediction of impulsive behaviors in everyday life. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.
Ouerfelli-Éthier, Julie. "Les anti-saccades prédisent le fonctionnement cognitif dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie de Parkinson." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22092.
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