Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonction myocardique'
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Jamal, Fadi. "Quantification de la fonction myocardique régionale : apport du Doppler tissulaire myocardique." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T260.
Full textDomingues, Dos Santos Pierre. "Contrôle bioénergétique de la fonction myocardique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28582.
Full textFresson, Anne. "Le propanolol chez le cirrhotique : effets sur la fonction myocardique." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11088.
Full textCroisille, Pierre. "Apport de l'irm a l'etude de la fonction loco-regionale myocardique." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M217.
Full textKindo, Michel. "Transmuralité de la fonction mitochondriale myocardique dans le coeur sain et hypertrophique." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6259.
Full textThe myocardium is nonuniform with respect to its structure and function. Mitochondria are the main energy powerhouses of cells and are major source of reactive oxygen species. The mitochondrial function in the different layers of the left ventricular wall has been poorly described in the normal heart and in mild left ventricular hypertrophy. Nitric oxide has highly specific signaling pathways in the heart which is promoted by the compartmentalization of nitric oxide synthetases in the myocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a left ventricular transmural gradient is present in myocardium and to determine how this gradient affects mitochondrial function. Furthermore we characterized the changes that occur in various left ventricular layers during the adaptation of mitochondrial function from the basal state to mild left ventricular hypertrophy. Basal nitric oxide synthetase 1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the subendocardium and was associated with 2-fold higher nitric oxide production in the subendocardium compared with the subepicardium. Increased nitric oxyde in the subendocardium inhibited the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, which subsequently increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production in the subendocardium. This overproduction of reactive oxygen species was associated with an activation of antioxidant defence and mitochondrial biogenesis in the subendocardium. Finally, nitric oxide production and the balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant activity maintained constant the sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the left ventricular wall. Mild left ventricular hypertrophy reduced maximal oxidative capacity, increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production, and increased sirtuin 3 and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase expression in the subendocardium and subepicardium, respectively. The mitochondrial biogenesis in the left ventricular wall was unchanged. The transmural energetic gradient for complex IV activity was significantly lower in cardiac hypertrophy. In summary, nitric oxide synthetase 1-derived nitric oxide is elevated in the subendocardium of the left ventricle at basal state and induces a balanced inhibition of the mitochondrial function. The transition to mild cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by alterations in the mitochondrial oxidative capacity and by increased oxidative stress. Increased sirtuin 3 expression and antioxidant defence systems might contribute to protection against maladaptive left ventricular hypertrophy
Moulichon, Marc-Eric. "Approche pharmacologique du controle central de la fonction myocardique : interet du baclofene." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M173.
Full textGeny, Bernard. "Fonction endocrine myocardique : origine de l'elevation plasmatique du facteur atrial natriuretique apres transplantation cardiaque." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13123.
Full textLamy, Jérôme. "Développement et validation de biomarqueurs quantitatifs d'imagerie cardiaque : association entre structure et fonction myocardique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS045/document.
Full textCardiovascular diseases, which are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide, are the result of interdependent alterations of the heart structure and function coupled with the aggravating effects of metabolic diseases, aging and lifestyle. In this context, the goal of my thesis is to design and validate new, robust and fast cardiac imaging quantitative biomarkers to characterize myocardial function and structure as well as their relationships. A first work was focused on the development of a method to evaluate cardiac function, specifically myocardial deformation kinetics on all cardiac chambers from standard cine MRI images. The designed method was reproducible and its diagnostic ability was superior to conventional clinical indices. It was also able to detect subclinical age-related heart alterations. The aims of the second study were to develop a method for atrial fat quantification, based on CT images, and to evaluate it on a cohort of healthy subjects and patients with atrial fibrillation. Finally, the interaction between structural and functional myocardial indices was studied through the first in vivo validation in the MRI literature of cardiac deformation function, evaluated using our method, against histological quantification of the “fibro-fatty” tissue substrate
Macé, Loïc. "Physiologie et physiopathologie des circulations fontan : . parametres de fonction myocardique charge-dependants . parametres de retour veineux." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077141.
Full textMazzadi, Alejandro N. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle à l'étude des couplages entre la perfusion, le métabolisme glucidique et la fonction contractile dans l'ischémie myocardique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004470.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous avons visé à l'étude du couplage entre la perfusion et le métabolisme glucidique régionale. L'étude de la perfusion myocardique a été réalisée au repos et sous stimulation avec Dipyridamole pour l'évaluation de la réserve coronaire. L'emploi d'un clamp euglycemique hyperinsulinemique a permis la standardisation des conditions métaboliques durant les mesures du métabolisme glucidique. Nous avons analysé la distribution régionale de la perfusion et la captation du glucose myocardique sur chaque patient, et nous avons montré que cette distribution présente d'importantes différences interindividuelles. L'étude de ces différences permet de conclure que les territoires hibernants (classiquement définis comme viables) avec un défaut de perfusion sous stimulation se trouvent chez des patients qui ont préservé leur perfusion et leur métabolisme glucidique.
Ensuite, nous avons ajouté l'évaluation quantitative de la fonction contractile intramyocardique au couplage entre la perfusion et le métabolisme glucidique régionale. L'étude de la fonction contractile a été réalisée au repos et sous stimulation béta-adrénergique avec Dobutamine pour l'évaluation de la réserve inotropique. Nos résultats montrent que la fonction contractile intramyocardique au repos corrèle avec la perfusion et le métabolisme glucidique régional. A l'inverse, la présence de réserve inotropique n'est pas en relation avec les niveaux de perfusion et de métabolisme glucidique.
Enfin, nous présentons en Annexe un travail visant à fournir un outil clinique pour l'évaluation de la perfusion en IRM. Chez 13 patients coronariens et 5 volontaires sains, nous avons montré l'utilité de l'analyse factorielle des séquences d'images dynamiques (AFSIM) appliquée à des séries d'images IRM du premier passage d'un agent de contraste, dans l'évaluation des troubles de la perfusion.
Manrique, Alain. "Optimisation des paramètres d'acquisition et de reconstruction en tomoscintigraphie myocardique synchronisée à l'électrocardiogramme (gated SPECT)." Paris 12, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA120029.
Full textIn this work, we explored the impact of several acquisition and reconstruction parameters on the evaluation of left ventricular function using gated SPECT. Significant results were obtained in selected populations, and using anthropomorphic phantom or mathematical simulations. The main conclusions are as follows: Gated SPECT left ventricular ejection fraction was underestimated compared to planar radionuclide angiography, and depends on temporal sampling. Increasing temporal sampling to 16-interval gating provided a higher correlation and agreement compared to planar radionuclide angiography. When comparing the respective influences of radiotracers (Tl-201 or Tc-99m-sestamibi) and temporal sampling (8 vs. 16 bins), the latter had the most important effect. Scatter detection during the acquisition process, and its correction using a spectral deconvolution method had a significant impact on volume measurements. Finally, in a computer simulation using the MCAT phantom, we demonstrated that both the acquisition sequence of gated SPECT imaging (stress-rest vs. Rest-stress) and perfusion abnormalities significantly influenced volumes and ejection fraction measurements. Regarding reconstruction parameters, filtering and zooming influenced volume assessment, and ejection fraction calculation. Using the Stanford method, the error in volume assessment was increased with myocardial infarction size. Actually, volume and ejection fraction evaluations were dependent on the 3-dimensional method used for assessment (Stanford vs. Cedars Sinai), leading to recommend to use the same method for serial patients evaluation. Finally, reconstruction parameters that favor spatial resolution or compensate for the consequences of scatter detection increased the accuracy of volume measurement
Lehot, Jean-Jacques. "Effets des beta-bloqueurs et calcium-bloqueurs sur la fonction régionale du myocarde ischémique durant l'anesthésie." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T020.
Full textRéant, Patricia. "Analyse échocardiographique des déformations myocardiques en speckle tracking." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21662/document.
Full textFor 20 years, analysis of systolic myocardial function by echocardiography is a major challenge to improve the detection and the quantification of myocardial contractility abnormalities. The principle of myocardial deformation analysis consists in evaluating the percentage of myocardial thickening or shortening during the cardiac cycle. After a big step forward with the advent of tissue Doppler imaging for 15 years, the 4 last years have seen the apparition of a new technique of bidimensional analysis, without angle dependency, based on the tracking of the acoustic markers of the myocardial wall, and called « speckle tracking echocardiography » or « 2D strain ». This thesis reports serial studies oriented on the validation of this new tool and on the experimental application of this technique in the detection of myocardial ischemia during pharmacological dobutamine stress echocardiography, in comparison with myocardial perfusion analysis by contrast echocardiography. Finally, we report some clinical experiences using the speckle tracking echocardiography which attest of some clinical potential applications of this technique in the management of the patients with different cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and analysis of myocardial regional deformation during low doses dobutamine infusion to investigate viability in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Mazzadi, Alejandro Noel Janier Marc. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle à l'étude des couplages entre la perfusion, le métabolisme glucudique et la fonction contractile dans l'ischemie myocardique." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/60/59/PDF/tel-00004470.pdf.
Full textMazzadi, Alejandro Noel. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle à l'étude des couplages entre la perfusion, le métabolisme glucudique et la fonction contractile dans l'ischemie myocardique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/60/59/PDF/tel-00004470.pdf.
Full textThe study of the myocardial viability is a critical factor in guiding medical decisions regarding coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The knowledge of the relationship between perfusion, metabolism and myocardial contractile function is essential in distinguishing the pathophysiological consequences of the ischemic injury and so, to determine myocardial viability. We evaluated in CAD patients (n=43), the relationship between perfusion (by positron emission tomography –PET- and 18FDG), glucose metabolism (by PET and H215O) and intramyocardial contractile function (by tagged magnetic resonance imaging –MRI-). Firstly, we studied the relationship between regional values of perfusion and glucose metabolism. Perfusion was evaluated at rest and after Dipyridamole stimulation for coronary reserve estimations. Glucose metabolism measurements were carried out under hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp for standardization of metabolic conditions. For each patient, the distribution of regional perfusion and glucose metabolism was analyzed and it showed large inter-individual differences. Such differences allowed to determining that myocardial hibernation (classically defined as viable) associated to reversible stress defects is specific of patients with preserved perfusion and glucose uptake. Next, we added the quantitative evaluation of the intramyocardial contractile function to the coupling between regional perfusion and glucose metabolism. Contractile function was assessed at rest and after Dobutamine for evaluating inotropic reserve. Our results showed that resting contractile function relates to perfusion and glucose metabolism, but the presence of inotropic reserve does not. Finally, we included in the Appendix a work aiming to provide a useful clinical tool for perfusion evaluations with MRI. In this pilot study in humans (13 patients, 5 normal volunteers) we showed the value of FAMIS applied to first-pass MR imaging series in detecting perfusion defects
Novel-Chaté, Valérie. "Le métabolisme énergétique myocardique en hypoxie chronique : étude chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10267.
Full textRobert, Lawrence. "Système informatique d'évaluation de la fonction cardiaque chez l'enfant." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP932S.
Full textDonal, Erwan. "Nouveaux outils d'exploration de la fonction myocardique par échocardiographie Doppler : définition et évaluation en situations expérimentales et cliniques de variations de charge." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT1405.
Full textPetitjean, Caroline. "Recalage non rigide d'images par approches variationnelles statistiques - Application à l'analyse et à la modélisation de la fonction myocardique en IRM." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273241.
Full textCette thèse se propose de démontrer que les techniques de recalage non rigide statistique constituent un cadre approprié pour l'estimation des déformations myocardiques en IRM, leur quantification à des fins diagnostiques, et leur modélisation en vue d'établir une référence numérique de normalité. Ses contributions concernent :
1. l'élaboration d'une méthode robuste non supervisée d'estimation des déplacements myocardiques à partir de séquences d'IRM de marquage. Elle permet l'obtention de mesures de mouvement fiables en tout point du myocarde, à tout instant du cycle cardiaque et sous incidence de coupe arbitraire.
2. le développement d'un outil de quantification dynamique des déformations à l'échelle du pixel et du segment myocardique, intégrant un étape de segmentation automatique du coeur par recalage d'images ciné IRM acquises conjointement aux données de marquage. Pour le coeur sain, la comparaison des mesures obtenues à des valeurs de référence issues d'une synthèse approfondie de la littérature médicale démontre une excellente corrélation. Pour des coeurs pathologiques, les expériences menées ont montré la pertinence d'une analyse quantitative multiparamétrique pour localiser et caractériser les zones atteintes.
3. la construction d'un modèle statistique (atlas) de contraction d'un coeur sain. Cet atlas fournit des modèles quantitatifs de référence locaux et segmentaires pour les paramètres de déformation. Son intégration, en tant que modèle de mouvement, au processus de recalage des données d'IRM de marquage conduit en outre à une description très compacte des déplacements myocardiques sans perte de précision notable.
Julia, Pierre. "Ischémie : reperfusion d'organe : étude des particularités liées à la maturité et à la fonction de l'organe reperfusé." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD03.
Full textTissier, Cindy. "Aspects métaboliques de la reperfusion myocardique : étude corrélative des effets des substrats, de l'oxygène et de l'insuline sur la récupération post-ischémique du cardiomyocyte." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU18.
Full textThe determination of the most favorable conditions for the myocardial recovery during the post-ischemic reperfusion is still elusive. The present study aimed at defining the effects of glucose and of various different fatty acids (FA) on the recovery of post-ischemic cardiac muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes (CM) from newborn rats were subjected to 2. 5 h of ‘‘ischemia’’ simulated by a substrate-free hypoxia (SI), followed by 2 h of “reperfusion” simulated by reoxygenation in absence of substrate (CTRL) or in the presence of glucose (GLC), octanoic acid (OCTA) or oleic acid (OLE), added as single or combinated substrate(s). During simulated ischemia, the electromechanical activity ceased gradually and cellular viability and mitochondrial function dramatically decreased. The substrate-free standard reperfusion provided a near normal functional recovery, although incomplete and delayed (after 30 min of reperfusion). GLC or OLE given at the onset of reperfusion hastened this recovery, while GLC was the sole subtrate to improve the post-ischemic mitochondrial function. Conversely, the addition of any substrate at the time of reperfusion worsened the cellular viability in comparison with the substrate-free “reperfusion”. Finally, GLC+OLE combination entailed the most favourable recovery in respect of metabolic, functional and viability markers. On the other hand, a rise in the oxygen partial pressure during the post-ischemic period improved the resumption of mitochondrial function and viability. Moreover, the presence of a single substrate and a high oxygen level modulated the expression of the mRNA of glucose and FA transport proteins and of apoptosis markers. These results suggest a modulation of metabolic and survival pathways by the conditions of reperfusion at the molecular level. Finally, the presence of insulin before ischemia protected against ischemic-induced membraneous damages. However, the effect of insulin on the post-ischemic recovery depended upon both time of addition and the presence of glucose during reperfusion. The gain in recovery by a preischemic supply of insulin appeared at late time of reperfusion (6 h), while its post-ischemic addition provided earlier beneficial effects (1 and 2 h). To conclude, the post-“ischemic” CM recovery clearly depended on the characteristics of the available substrate during the reperfusion period (nature, chain length, insaturation degree). Therefore, the modulation of the energy metabolism with appropriate substrate, oxygen amount and insulin supply, should be taken into account in the different reperfusion strategies in order to contribute to the most favourable cardiocellular recovery
EL, Berbari Racha. "Segmentation d'images de contraction et de rehaussement tardif en IRM cardiaque. Application a l'étude de la fonction contractile et de la viabilité myocardique." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006081.
Full textGarot, Jérôme Guéret Pascal. "Analyse quantifiée de la fonction ventriculaire gauche segmentaire par échocardiographie et imagerie par résonance magnétique application à la détection de la viabilité myocardique /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0215197.pdf.
Full textGarot, Jérôme. "Analyse quantifiée de la fonction ventriculaire gauche segmentaire par échocardiographie et imagerie par résonance magnétique : application à la détection de la viabilité myocardique." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002151970204611&vid=upec.
Full textExperimental and clinical research studies presented in this work were aimed at the development of noninvasive quantitative imaging techniques for detailed clinical assessment of regional left ventricular function. The use of recent echocardiographic techniques such as tissue Doppler echocardiography, or the new and original development of magnetic resonance imaging techniques such as Harmonic Phase MRI (HARP) or strain-encoded MRI (SENC), have allowed detailed quantitative analysis of regional left ventricular mechanical alterations after myocardial infarction, but also detailed study of complex mechanical changes involved during functional recruitment of viable myocytes. Because they are less operator-dependent and mostly automated, these techniques might be widely used in the clinical arena and should allow more accurate detection of focal myocardial viability after acute myocardial ischemia
El, Berbari Racha. "Segmentation d'images de contraction et de rehaussement tardif en IRM cardiaque : application à l'étude de la fonction contractile et de la viabilité myocardique." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00006081.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to reduce the inter- and intra-operator variability due to the visual analysis of cardiac MR images in clinical routine. An automatic segmentation method of the left ventricle is presented, combining an active contour model with connected filters in order to solve problems related to the presence of the papillary muscles into the cavity. This method shows to be robust and of a simple use in clinic. A validation on large data bases by comparing the automatic contours with the manual tracing of the expert was done. Two clinical applications are presented using the proposed segmentation method in order to estimate the contractile function on the cine images and to quantify the myocardial infarction on the Delayed Enhancement (DE) images. To improve the DE image quality, a novel approach of image restoration preserving the discontinuities was proposed to reconstruct a volume with high resolution, using three sequences of images acquired along the three classical directions: short axes, long axes 2-chambers and long axes 4-chambers
Barthélémy, Jean-Claude. "Saisie des paramètres physiologiques en pathologie cardiaque et respiratoire." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET009T.
Full textMessaoudi, Smail. "Mise en évidence d'un effet bénéfique de l'aldostérone sur la cardiomyopathie diabétique chez la souris : préservation de l'expression myocardique du VEGFa, de la densité capillaire et de la fonction cardiaque." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066199.
Full textMertz, Luc. "Imagerie simultanée de la perfusion myocardique et de la fonction ventriculaire gauche par tomoscintigraphie synchronisée double isotope : thallium 201 et compartiment sanguin marqué au technetium 99m." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30023.
Full textBustamante, Mispireta Milu E. "Etude de la fixation du thallium et du RP30 par le coeur isolé et perfusé de rat : influence de l'ouabai͏̈ne et conséquences sur la fonction myocardique." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10014.
Full textSerrano, Ferrer Juan. "Effet de mesures hygiéno-diététiques reposant sur l'exercice physique couplé à une diète alimentaire sur la fonction régionale myocardique droite et gauche dans le syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0712/document.
Full textThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical entity which is characterized by the combination of a set of risk factors, the accumulation of which contributes to a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence has grown steadily during the past decades, principally as a result of poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. The SM is classically associated with cardiac remodeling and diastolic abnormalities involving the left heart; and recent studies using cardiac imaging deformation also reflect a regional early systolic dysfunction. The right heart is poorly documented and for both right and left heart underlying mechanisms of functional impairments remain largely unknown. Our knowledge about the impact of lifestyle changes on left and right myocardial function are also very poor. Thus, the main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate in MetS patients the effect of lifestyle intervention based on food diet with exercise training on right and left ventricular regional myocardial function, and to study the relationships, at baseline and in response to changes in lifestyle, among the main factors of MetS and regional myocardial function. The population consisted of 100 asymptomatic MetS male and female randomly divided into 3 groups according to exercise modality (dominant high-intensity "resistance" or " endurance”, or mixed of moderate intensity), caloric restriction (500 to 700 kcal / d) being common to all patients. A control group (n = 40) matched by age and sex was also evaluated. The use of transthoracic ultrasound in the "speckle tracking imaging" mode allowed the assessment of longitudinal myocardial deformations of the left ventricle (LV) and the free wall of the right ventricle (RV). Our results confirmed the regional LV diastolic and systolic abnormalities previously described in the literature but demonstrated for the first time they also concern the right heart. Our interventional program reduced MetS prevalence and its individual factors, and significantly improved both systolic and diastolic LV and RV regional dysfunction. Visceral adipose tissue, especially epicardial adipose tissue, systemic inflammation, involving both pro- (PAI-1, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) adipocytokines as well as chronic hyperglycemia, all factors affected by MetS and significantly improved in response to the intervention, appeared as significant independent contributors of the right and left regional dysfunction. The role of the epicardial adipose tissue seems central, potentially via autocrine and paracrine effects, and this tissue should thus be considered as future therapeutic target of major interest in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases
Daviller, Clément. "Quantification de la perfusion myocardique en imagerie de perfusion par résonance magnétique : modèles et classification non-supervisée." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1208/document.
Full textCardiovascular diseases and in particular coronary heart disease are the main cause of death worldwide with 17.9 million deaths in 2012. Cardiac MRI is a particularly interesting tool for understanding and evaluating heart disease, including ischemic heart disease. Its diagnostic contribution is often major and it provides information that is not accessible by other imaging modalities. The work carried out during this thesis focuses more specifically on the so-called myocardium perfusion test, which consists in studying the distribution of a contrast agent within the heart muscle during its first passage. In clinical practice, this examination is often limited to the clinician's visual analysis, allowing him to identify the culprit artery and deduce the impacted territory. However, this technique is relative and does not quantify myocardial blood flow. In recent years, an increasing number of techniques have emerged to enable this quantification at all stages of processing, from acquisition to the measurement itself. We first established a treatment pipeline to combine these approaches and evaluate them using a digital phantom and clinical data. We demonstrated that the Bayesian approach is able to quantify myocardium perfusion and its superiority in evaluating the arrival time of the indicator bolus compared to the Fermi model. In addition, the Bayesian approach provides additional interesting information such as the probability density function of the measurement and the uncertainty of the residual function, which makes it possible to know the reliability of the measurement carried out, in particular by observing the distribution of the probability density function of the measurement. Finally, we proposed an algorithm for segmentation of myocardial lesions, using the spatial and temporal dimensions of infusion data. This technique allows an objective and precise segmentation of the hypoperfused region allowing a measurement of myocardial blood flow over an area of tissue which behavior is homogeneous and which average signal measurement allows an increase in the contrast-to-noise ratio. In the cohort of 30 patients, the variability of myocardial blood flow measurements performed on voxels detected by this technique was significantly lower than that of measurements performed on voxels in manually defined areas (mean difference=0.14, 95% CI[0.07, 0.2]) and those performed on voxels in areas defined using the bullseye method (mean difference=0.25, 95% CI[0.17, 0.36])
Philouze, Clothilde. "Dépistage des altérations précoces de la fonction régionale myocardique par échocardiographie de stress et effet d’une intervention par supplémentation en vitamine D3 dans le diabète de type 2 : approche translationnelle." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0346/document.
Full textDiabetes has reached the 7th place in the world’s top ten mortality causes. In this population, morbi-mortality mainly originates from diabetic cardiomyopathy. This complication evolving from the onset of diabetes, early diagnosis and care are of paramount importance and are the two purposes of this work. In our first study, we demonstrated the relevance of a comprehensive 2D speckle-tracking imaging analysis, under dobutamine stress, in unmasking early left ventricular regional myocardial dysfunction in a population of asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients. In the second part of this work, we performed two studies. In the first one, we brought to light an improvement of regional myocardial function response to dobutamine stress after a three-month vitamin D3 supplementation protocol, in deficient patients. The second study was performed in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. In this last work, we put forward the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function. These cardioprotective effects may be, at least in part, on account of modulatory effects of vitamin D3 on myocardial lipotoxic species levels. This whole work allow us to propose a tool enabling recognition of early cardiac function impairments in type 2 diabetic patients and to demonstrate the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in this context
Hodzic, Amir. "Exploration du coeur d'athlète à l'aide d'outils échocardiographiques d'analyse de la déformation myocardique, des volumes ventriculaires et des flux intra cavitaires Accuracy of speckle tracking in the context of stress echocardiography in short axis view: an in vitro validation study Analysis of inter-system variability of systolic and diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients derived from color Doppler M-mode echocardiography Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular untwisting-filling interplay Cardiovascular adaptations in American-style football players in response to the inter- season training Right ventricular global and regional remodeling in American-style-football athletes: a longitudinal 3D echocardiographic study." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC428.
Full textThe trained athlete is a physiological model of extreme cardiac adaptation for whom the distinction between adaptive cardiac remodeling induced by chronic exercise and certain early cardiomyopathies can be difficult to assess. Echocardiography is the first-choice imaging modality to evaluate the athlete’s heart at rest and during exercise. Semi-recent developments in speckle tracking and 3D ultrasound imaging have shown clinical interest in the echocardiographic description of the athlete’s heart. However, some technical aspects require further investigation. Moreover, current post-treatment tools provide only a partial analysis of cardiac hemodynamics and regional myocardial function. Using an experimental model mimicking stress echocardiography, we first demonstrated the validity of speckle tracking in comparison to sonomicrometry to measure regional deformation in a large range of deformation rates. Secondly, we studied in volunteers without heart disease (athletes and non- athletes) the reliability of a method to assess non-invasively the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) based on post-processing of intracardiac flow velocity data acquired using color Doppler M-mode. This hemodynamic index was highly feasible and well correlated with LV suction. Analysis of IVPG measurements revealed inter-vendor variability which was mainly related to differences in color Doppler image resolution. Finally, using a multiparametric echocardiographic approach (speckle tracking, IVPGs, and 3D volumes), we studied the physiological relationship between the type of exercise training and the left and right cardiac remodeling among a Canadian football team followed longitudinally. The regional analysis of right ventricular (RV) morphological and functional changes induced by chronic exercise was performed using a new computational method based on 3D echocardiography that volumetrically parcellated the RV into three segments (apex, outlet, and inlet). In conclusion, our workhas shown that the echocardiographic post-processing tools studied for the global and regional analysis of cardiac function and morphology apply to the athlete’s heart and could be useful in the characterization of the exercise-induced cardiac remodeling
Le, Douairon Lahaye Solène. "Effet combiné du diabète insulino-dépendant et de l'entraînement sur la fonction cardiaque : étude du système β-adrénergique et du système de régulation du calcium intracellulaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472525.
Full textPierre-Justin, Gilbert. "Faisabilité et application clinique du Strain et du Strain Rate : nouvelle modalité d'imagerie cardiaque pour quantifier la fonction myocardique régionale après un infarctus récent au cours d'une échographie d'effort sur table inclinée en position semi-assise." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3327.
Full textGrandperrin, Antoine. "Entraînement en musculation et remodelage myocardique : Influence du sexe, du niveau de pratique et de la prise régulière de stéroïdes anabolisants Myocardial adaptations after 16 weeks of high-intensity strength training in men and women Androgenic anabolic steroids induce left atrial and left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in strength athletes Left ventricular dyssynchrony and post-systolic shortenings in young bodybuilders using anabolic-androgenic steroids Myocardial work in athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids and athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0717.
Full textStrength training is increasingly practiced by previously untrained people or by experienced athletes. This work aimed to evaluate cardiac adaptations to strength training over these different populations. In a first time, we evaluated the longitudinal impact of 16-weeks strength training on the cardiac function of previously untrained women and men. The American College of Sports Medicine recommendations were used to build the training program (i.e. training at 70% of the repetition maximum, 4 sets, 8-12 repetitions, 3 times a week with polyarticular exercices). 2D-strain echocardiography was used to assess both left ventricular and atrial morphology and function. In a second time, we aimed to evaluate the cardiac function of strength-trained athletes, which used androgenic anabolic steroids. While previous studies reported an alteration of cardiac function in this population, with sudden-death frequently reported, any study used 2D-strain parameters to understand the dysfunctions. In this context, we used 2D-strain analysis to evaluate global and regional myocardial function in order to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of left ventricular and left atrial functions, with a specific evaluation of intra-ventricular dyssynchrony. Finally, we aimed to compare our athletes using androgenic anabolic steroids users to athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to assess the probably pathological remodelling generates by anabolic androgenic steroids. In this study, we evaluate myocardial work, a new tool in echocardiography, which take into account load conditions and could better discriminate our populations
Blaire, Tanguy. "Τοmοscintigraphie myοcardique dοuble-isοtοpe (¹²³Ι/99mΤc) sur gamma-caméra à semi-cοnducteur : aspects méthodologiques et applications cliniques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC418/document.
Full textNew dedicated-cardiac cameras using CZT detectors have dramatically transformed the routine of myocardial perfusion imaging. With a better count detection sensitivity, an improved spatial and energy resolution, they potentially enable combined assessment of myocardial innervation (123I) and perfusion (99mTc) within a single imaging session. These cameras images with different sharpness and contrast-to-noise ratios.Using two CZT cameras with anthropomorphic phantom, and clinical studies in heart failure patients, our work focused on (i) the left ventricular function assessment within the 99mTc window in presence of 123I, (ii) the evaluation of regional myocardial innervation (123I) and perfusion (99mTc) match and mismatch with single- (separate 123I and 99mTc acquisition) and simultaneous dual-isotope acquisitions, and (iii) the late heart-to-mediastinal ratio (HMR) of 123I-MIBG uptake determined using dual-isotope CZT acquisition with that determined using conventional planar imaging in patients with heart failure.Our results found no impact of the acquisition mode (single vs dual) or the type of CZT camera on 123I and 99mTc defect size and mismatch, LVEF, and HMR of 123I-MIBG uptake.This work provides a new step toward simultaneous dual-isotope acquisition for combined innervation, perfusion and ventricular function assessment
Bousquenaud, Mélanie. "Étude des effets de l'adénosine sur le remodelage ventriculaire gauche survenant après un infarctus du myocarde." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0095/document.
Full textLeft ventricular (LV) remodeling can follow myocardial infarction (MI), an acute ischemic event which occurs after occlusion of a coronary artery. Remodeling allows maintaining and adapting cardiac function by geometric and functional changes of the myocardium. If this process becomes maladaptive, the patients? prognostic and life quality are impaired by the development of heart failure. Adenosine is an ubiquitous nucleoside with partially characterized effects on LV remodeling. These effects depend on the type of receptor activated. Previous in vitro studies from our laboratory have shown that adenosine regulates several key processes involved in LV remodeling. Here, we hypothesized that adenosine may have beneficial effects on LV remodeling after MI. First, we showed that positon emission tomography (PET) can accurately characterize MI severity and predicts subsequent LV remodeling in the rat model of MI induced by coronary occlusion. Using this technique, we described the case of a rat that survived after a massive infarct covering 70% of the left ventricle. Second, we showed that a chronic administration of adenosine preserves cardiac contractility in the border zone, two months after MI. This cardioprotective effect can be explained, in part, by the stimulation of angiogenesis involving a stimulation of the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to the heart. Then, we showed that the Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 3 stimulates the migration of endothelial progenitor cells and is thereby a potential therapeutic target after MI. Finally, we started the preclinical study of an A2A agonist / A3 antagonist, a promising candidate to prevent LV remodeling after MI
Long, Romain. "Implication des fonctions mitochondriales dans l'effet cardioprotecteur induit par la sur-expression de la protéine H11 kinase/Hsp22 chez la souris." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114809/document.
Full textDevelopment of reperfusion strategies such as thrombolysis, angioplasty and cardiac surgery to restore blood flow after myocardial ischemia is responsible for a spectacular reduction in deleterious consequences resulting from acute coronary syndrome. However reperfusion itself causes supplementary lesions. Research for new complementary cardioprotective strategies is needed to reduce the impact of myocardial ischemia. The discovery of powerful intrinsic cardioprotective processes consisting in repeated short cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) before the ischemic episode (ischemic preconditioning) or at the moment of the reperfusion (ischemic postconditioning) has allowed to analyze the mechanisms involved in IR lesions and highlighted a crucial role of mitochondria and more particularly of the increase in its membrane permeability via the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Dr C. Depré et al. (2001) demonstrated that the over-expression of Hsp22 protein coding gene which induced myocardial hypertrophy protected from myocardial infarction. The mechanism of this innovative cardioprotective strategy is not fully understood but Hsp22 promotes the activation of cellular survival pathways such as the NO synthase pathway which is also involved in ischemic preconditioning (Depré et al., 2006).The goal of the first part of our study was to evaluate the effects of Hsp22 on mitochondrial functions and the role of NO in these effects using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing Hsp22 in the heart. Our results showed that Hsp22 overexpression increases mitochondrial NO production which stimulated oxidative phosphorylation in basal state. This was accompanied by an increased in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. This overexpression also reduced the maximal capability of complex I and III to produce ROS production and limited mPTP opening. After anoxia, Hsp22 overexpression increaseed oxidative phosphorylation inhibition by a NO-dependent mechanism and limited the burst of ROS production from the respiratory chain.. Thus, Hsp22 modulates mitochondrial functions and this could participate to its cardioprotective effect as these characteristics replicate those of ischemic preconditioning. In the next step, we confirmed that Hsp22 overexpression highly reduced infarct size in an in vivo model of IR and showed that this was associated with a better preservation of mitochondrial functions.As ROS are key mediators of preconditioning but also of myocardial hypertrophy and aging and Hsp22 stimulates mitochondrial ROS production, induces a myocardial hypertrophy and a cardioprotective effect replicating preconditioning, we explored the role of ROS in Hsp22-induced effects in the last part of the study. Our results showed that Hsp22 overexpression activated major cellular sources of ROS leading to myocardial oxidative stress. This was associated with an extensive reduction of lifespan and the appearance of aging markers in the myocardium of young transgenic mice. Antioxidant treatment reduced the overproduction of ROS induced by Hsp22, decreased myocardial hypertrophy and restored lifespan in Hsp22 overexpressing mice showing the role of ROS in these effects. Finally, the cardioprotective effect induced by Hsp22 was maintained in old mice and was not dependent of ROS production. In conclusion, long-lasting cardioprotective effect induced by Hsp22 is associated with a NO-dependent preservation of mitochondrial functions and an oxidative stress responsible for myocardial hypertrophy and reduced lifespan. Antioxidant treatment is able to inhibit deleterious consequences of Hsp22 overexpression without affecting its cardioprotective effect
Abdesselam, Inès. "Dépôts de graisse ectopique : étude de leur développement et de leur modulation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5005.
Full textThe project of this thesis mainly focuses on ectopic lipid deposition development and their flexibility following therapeutic intervention. In our first study, we set out chronological order of ectopic fat onset and cardiac abnormalities in a high fat high sucrose mice model. Short duration exendin-4 treatment reverses every altered parameter. In the second study, we assessed treatment of obesity effect on cardiac ectopic fat deposition (EAT and steatosis), as well as hepatic and pancreatic fat at two different time points (6 months and 32 months) after bariatric surgery. We show significant reduction of every ectopic fat deposition, however in different kinetic. Finally, in a third study, we investigate birth weight effect on epicardial adipose tissue development. This study demonstrate important EAT accumulation in adulthood when birth weight is increased. Furthermore, birth weight and catch up growth in childhood between 2 and 12 years parameters impact significantly the development of epicardial fat.In summary, these results provide better understanding of ectopic fat deposition development and modulation
Fourny, Natacha. "Du prédiabète au diabète de type 2 : quels impacts sur la santé cardiovasculaire dans le sexe féminin ? : approche thérapeutique par le Resvératrol contre les lésions myocardiques liées à l’ischémie-reperfusion dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0142.
Full textType 2 diabetic women have a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk than type 2 diabetic men, but few studies focus on the female sex in this context. The objective of this PhD was i) to study CV alterations induced by prediabetes/type 2 diabetes in female; ii) to propose a therapeutic approach by Resveratrol (RSV) in type 2 diabetic female; and iii) to study the effect of sex on the prediabetes-induced physiological modifications and on the myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We used the prediabetic rat induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFS), and the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat (GK). We performed in vivo and ex vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy experiments and biochemical analyses. We highlighted myocardial thickening and increased perfusion in female HFS, as well as high myocardial sensitivity to IR involving exacerbated oxidative stress. RSV treatment of female GK induced cardioprotection by increasing the high-energy compounds and the proteins of the nitric oxide pathway during IR injury. Finally, there was no sexual dimorphism in myocardial tolerance to IR injury in prediabetes, although the HFS diet induced sex-specific physiological changes. In conclusion, we have shown that endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in CV complications associated to type 2 diabetes in the female sex
Pichette, Maxime. "Fonction auriculaire gauche dans la maladie de Fabry par analyse échocardiographique de la déformation myocardique." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19440.
Full textBackground: Fabry disease (FD) is characterized by the accumulation of sphingolipids in multiple organs including the left atrium (LA). It is uncertain if the LA reservoir, conduit and contractile functions evaluated by speckle-tracking echocardiography are affected in Fabry cardiomyopathy and whether enzyme replacement therapy can improve LA function. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, LA strain, strain rates and phasic LA volumes were studied in 50 FD patients and compared to 50 healthy controls. Results: All three LA phasic functions were altered. The peak positive strain (reservoir function) was 38.9 ± 14.9 % vs. 46.5 ± 10.9 % (p=0.004) and the late diastolic strain (contractile function) was 12.6 ± 5.9 % vs. 15.6 ± 5.3 % (p=0.010). In 15 patients who started enzyme replacement therapy during the study, most of the LA parameters improved at one-year follow-up (peak positive strain from 32.0 ± 13.5 % to 38.0 ± 13.5 %; p=0.006) whereas there was a trend towards deterioration in 15 patients who never received treatment (peak positive strain from 47.3 ± 10.8 % to 41.3 ± 9.3 %; p=0.058). Nine FD patients (21%) experienced new-onset atrial fibrillation or stroke during four-year follow-up. By univariate analysis, peak positive strain and early diastolic strain demonstrated significant associations with clinical events, surpassing conventional echocardiographic parameters and clinical characteristics. Conclusions: Left atrial reservoir, conduit and contractile functions by speckle-tracking echocardiography were all affected in FD. Enzyme replacement therapy improved LA function. Left atrial strain parameters were associated with atrial fibrillation and stroke.
Iannino, Nadia. "Evaluation de la fonction microvasculaire myocardique par résonance magnétique cardiaque sensible à l'oxygène chez des transplantés cardiaques." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20500.
Full textDumont, Éric. "Effets protecteurs du Celsior sur la fonction endothéliale d'artères coronaires porcines dans un modèle de préservation myocardique et de greffe cardiaque hétérotopique." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14192.
Full textSalimian, Samaneh. "Quantification of ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony under stress." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18367.
Full textAssessment of ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (MD) under stress has attracted a large amount of attention as a stronger predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and as a parameter whose variation bears a greater relationship to clinical outcomes than resting-MD either in CRT candidates or another subset of patients. Several echocardiographic methods can be used to assess stress-MD. However, no standardized approach is currently used to explore stress-induced variations in inter- and intraventricular MD. This dissertation studies the importance of nuclear imaging techniques in assessing stress-induced MD variations by providing three different experimental canine models. The first chapter sought to examine the impacts of stress on the left ventricular (LV) synchrony with phase analysis of gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (GMPS) within a normal canine cohort. Stress was induced by different levels of dobutamine infusion in six healthy subjects. Hemodynamic and LV MD parameters were assessed by LV pressure measurements and phase analysis of GMPS using commercially available QGS software and in-house MHI4MPI software with thickening- and displacement-based methodology. The increase of dobutamine level was shown to be in accordance with the improvement of LV functional capacity and reduction of MD parameters. MD analysis based on wall thickening was more robust and sensitive than the global wall displacement. (Salimian et. al., J Nucl Cardiol., 2014) The second chapter investigated the range of difference in inter- and intraventricular MD parameters from rest to various levels of stress in a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and narrow QRS complex model. Ten large dogs were submitted to tachycardia-induced DCM by pacing the right ventricular apex for 3-4 weeks to reach a target ejection fraction of 35% or less. Stress was then induced by infusion of dobutamine up to a maximum of 20 μg/kg/min. Hemodynamic and MD data were analyzed by LV pressure measurements and gated-blood pool SPECT (GBPS) imaging. Individual differences in the magnitude and pattern of change in the various levels of stress precluded any definitive conclusion about interventricular MD. However, different levels of stress, even in close intervals, showed a significant positive impact on hemodynamic and intraventricular MD parameters. (Salimian et. al., J Nucl Cardiol., 2015) The third chapter sought to examine if the optimal pacing mode at rest could be the best one during the maximum stress level in terms of MD parameters in subjects with an atrioventricular (AV) block and normal function. Five dogs were submitted to AV node ablation and pacing leads were placed in the right atrium for sensing, in right ventricular (RV) apex, and in posterolateral LV vein for pacing in five modes of LV, biventricular (BiV) with 20 ms of LV pre-activation (LVRV20), BiV, BiV with 20 ms of RV pre-activation (RVLV20) and RV pacing. Stress was induced by dobutamine infusion up to a maximum of 20 μg/kg/min. Data analyses were the same as chapter one. Dobutamine stress changed the extent of resting-LV MD at all pacing modes. Intrinsic physiologic effects of stress resulted in more accurate MD assessment with lesser variability in subjects who underwent pacing. LVRV20 was the preferred site of stimulation in this model rather than single-site pacing.