Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonctions de contrôle attentionnel'
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Drolet, Marie Hélène Lucie Renée. "Les fonctions exécutives chez les enfants : réévaluer "l'avantage du bilingue" à l'aide d'une nouvelle tâche développementale." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41596.
Full textDeltour, Laëtitia. "Analyse des processus de contrôle attentionnel dans l'épilepsie partielle idiopathique de l'enfant : étude comportementale et anatomo-fonctionnelle." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0009.
Full textDurantin, Gautier. "Contrôle de l’état attentionnel en conditions aéronautiques écologiques par imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0021/document.
Full textThe attentional state of operators is one of the main reasons for errors during human control of complex systems, and controlling these errors is critical especially in aeronautics, where errors are directly linked to safety and lives might be at stake. In particular, excessively high or low task demands encountered during the operation of such systems result in varying levels of mental workload and engagement which are linked with the operator performance. This research project adopts a Neuroergonomics approach and investigates the use of brain measurement techniques to monitor the attentional state of the operator under ecological conditions. We studied the behavior of the operator under both excessively low and high task demands with the use of multiple physiological and neurophysiological measurement techniques. Our results show that it is possible to use such techniques to characterize the attentional state. We then analyze the potential of real time application for such techniques. We investigated signal processing and analysis tools to improve the real-time usability of brain signals in ecological conditions, and proposed solutions towards the development of brain computer interfaces for assisting the human operator
Leleu, Vincent. "Anxiété et désengagement attentionnel de l'information menaçante." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30037.
Full textResearch in cognitive psychopathology showed that attentional bias towards threat contributes to development and maintenance of anxiety. Difficulty to disengage from threatening stimuli is one of the major components of attentional bias in anxiety. Research conducted in this thesis, using experimental paradigms, enabled to identify : (1) the stages of information processing involved in the impaired, disengagement from threatening words and threatening facial expressions, (2) the role of inhibition and attentional shifting in the impaired attentional disengagement, (3) the link between the attentional focusing subscale of Attentional Control Scale and executive control on the one hand, and betweeen the attentional shifting subscale and orientation of attention, on the other hand, and (4) attentional disengagement impairment from negative emotions in a stressful situation of mathematical gender stereotype threat. Finally, we discussed the results related to attentional disengagement and showed how they might be supported by eyes tracking or electrophysiological measures in clinical and non-clinical samples. We also put forward suggestions to improve attentional disengagement training and develop new measures of inhibition and attentional shifting functions. We also proposed new perspectives for the assessment of attentional control using questionnaire and experimental paradigms
Bellot, Cécile. "Schizophrénie et capacité de sélection : quel rôle de l'inhibition et du contrôle attentionnel ?" Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30095.
Full textSchizophrenic patients have difficulties proceeding correctly everyday‐life’s information as they have in cognitive tests. For the present work we wanted to investigate which dysfunctions of the cognitive processes are able to explain those difficulties. Literature shows that inhibition troubles of non‐pertinent information cause a false processing of schizophrenic patients’ information. Our objectives is to show that those failures can also be lead by a lack of attentionnal control. Modifying the paradigm of repeated recuperation (Anderson et al. , 1994) we were able to show that the RIFeffect (Retrieval Induced Forgetting) could rather be a result of a lack of attentionnal control than of an inhibition of recuperation. In the same way, looking at schizophrenic patients, our results show that a deficiency in the selection of pertinent information could be a consequence of a dysfunction of the control function rather than a consequence of an inhibition deficiency. If schizophrenic patients are unable to complete a task implying a control process (Jacoby, 1991), they are able to apply a strategy using an automatic processing of the environment (revelation effect). Schizophrenia could be associated with SAS inefficiency (Norman and Shallice, 1986), so the patients suffering from it use automatic processes to interact with the environment. In order to cure cognitive deficiencies associated with schizophrenia our results show the need of applying strategies or cognitive aid implicating the integrity of automatic processes
Lemercier, Céline. "L'effet d'interférence Stroop : place du contrôle attentionnel dans la résolution de l'item double." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT5004.
Full textStaub, Bérengère. "Attention soutenue et vieillissement normal : étude des mécanismes cognitifs et neuronaux associés au contrôle attentionnel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ110/document.
Full textThe purpose of this project was to gain more knowledge about the effects of normal aging on sustained attention ability and attentional control mechanisms underlying this ability. To that end, we combined the use of behavioral, subjective and electrophysiological (event-related potentials) measures. Behavioral results evidenced differential effects of age on sustained attention ability according to the approach used: deterioration in detection tasks, and preservation in inhibition tasks. Electrophysiological data evidenced several special features of seniors regarding the recruitment of attentional control mechanisms in a situation of sustained attention: overall greater activation of these mechanisms, stable or increased activation of these mechanisms over the course of the task, and a more frontal topography of the regions underlying these mechanisms
El, Hajjaji Fatim-Zohra. "Contrôle thermométabolique des fonctions énergétiques : rôle du foie." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED014.
Full textThe maintenance of homeostasis, which is primordial for the homeotherms, implies various physiological and behavioural functions, such as feeding, sleep and thermoregulation. The concept of thermometabolic command of brown adipose tissue has been introduced by Himms-Hagen (1995). According to this model, the meal is initiated by a transient hypoglycemia (metabolic command) and is stopped when the core temperature reaches 39. 5°C (thermal command). Because the liver is the major site of the energetic metabolism of the nutriments, it may have a major role in the control of food intake. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether the liver is involved in the metabolic and thermal command upon the main functions controlling the energetic homeostasis (food intake, sleep and thermoregulation). In the first study, the hepatic metabolic status has been depressed by an inhibitor of carbohydrate metabolism, whereas, in the second study, the thermal status has been artificially activated by heating the liver with a thermistance. Results show that modifications of the energetic status of the liver induce impairments of food intake and/or vigilance. These effects occur at short- and long- term. These findings confirm the hypothesis that the liver is involved in the energetic homeostasis of the organism
Doyen, Luc. "Évolution, contrôle et optimisation de formes." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090025.
Full textDeline, Stéphane. "Différences individuelles dans les processus de contrôle attentionnel chez des personnes jeunes et âgées : approches expérimentale et computationnelle." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960549.
Full textMatias, Jérémy. "La distraction par des stimuli associés à une récompense et le contrôle attentionnel dans des tâches de recherche visuelle." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL010/document.
Full textIn our daily activities, selective attention allow us to select task-relevant information among irrelevant ones, in order to maintain consistent, goal-directed behavior. However, sometimes, a completely irrelevant stimulus can capture our attention against our will and, as a result, produce a distraction phenomenon. Distraction was initially considered to be essentially dependent on the perceptual salience of the distractors. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that stimuli associated with reward outcome (i.e., with a reward history) are also likely to produce particularly robust and persistent distraction effects (regardless of their relevance to the task at hand and their perceptual salience). Alongside, a large body of works has been devoted to the study of attentional control, which could prevent distraction by perceptually salient distractors. However, to date, very little work has attempted to manipulate the quality of the attentional control that could be implemented to avoid distraction by reward history. The objective of our work was therefore to determine whether, and if so, under what conditions, reward-distractors could be ignored or, on the contrary, could resist attentional control. Seven studies were conducted with neutral visual stimuli associated with (monetary or social) reward outcome, in order to investigate how they could affect task performance when they appeared as distractors in visual search tasks. Attentional control was manipulated by varying the perceptual (i.e., perceptual load: Studies 1 and 2), cognitive (i.e., cognitive load: Study 3) or sensory (i.e., sensory degradation: Studies 4-7) demands imposed by the task. We have shown that high-reward distractor interference resists to perceptual load increase, unlike that caused by only salient distractor (Study 1). Our event-related potentials study (Study 2) suggests that this effect may be due to an enhanced attentional capture (N2pc) under low perceptual load and by a less effective attentional suppression (Pd) under high perceptual load for high-reward distractors. Next, contrary to our expectations, no effect of reward history was observed when manipulating cognitive load (Study 3), leading us to propose that our manipulation could have drained the cognitive resources necessary to learn the distractor-reward association. Then, we have shown that the increase in time pressure (Studies 4-5), known to promote the early selection of relevant targets, could also enhanced the difficulty to ignore distractors under some circumstances. Nevertheless, in these conditions, the mere fact that rewarded distractors may appear seems to increase the difficulty to ignore the distractors, more than the time pressure itself. Finally, our last two studies (Studies 6-7) mobilized a more ecological visual search task, involving pictures of driving situations taken from a driver point-of-view, in which reward distractors were displayed on the screen of a smartphone in the vehicle cabin. The sensory degradation of the target (achieved by increasing the fog density outside the car) has led to greater distraction for distractors paired with a social reward, especially for people with a high level of FoMO (Fear of Missing Out; that is, the pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding social experiences from which one is absent). These results are discussed in the light of the literature on distraction by reward history and attentional control, in order to integrate the reward history into these models. Moreover, our observations are discussed under the scope of applied researches that focused on driver distraction, in which our work has a particular resonance
Urquiza, José Manuel. "Contrôle d'équations des ondes linéaires et quasilinéaires." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066544.
Full textLarif, Oueslati Sihem. "Systèmes d'information intégrés et fonctions - supports : Cas du contrôle de gestion." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090043.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the impact of the implementation of integrated information system on tasks, jobs and on the power of the management control function, and to explain the origins of these changes. A review of the literature on integrated information systems and on the management control function is presented. The analysis of integration demonstrates that this concept is difficult to define. Hence, we had to develop a grid of the different types of integrated information systems based on the theory and on our discussions with consulting firms that specialize in information systems. Changes in the management control function are analyzed through three case studies and a questionnaire addressed to seventy two counterparties within thirty Tunisian companies. The implementation of integrated information systems seems to introduce changes that depend on the implemented system. The results demonstrate that integrated systems do not, on their own, determine the changes in the management control function. Other variables have to be taken into account
Charron, Sylvain. "L'architecture fonctionnelle intégrant le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle motivationnel dans le cortex préfrontal humain." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00651087.
Full textPeter, Guillaume. "Développement des processus d'inhibition et de flexibilité du système superviseur attentionnel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27246/27246.pdf.
Full textVan, Landeghem Laurianne. "Contrôle des fonctions des cellules épithéliales intestinales par les cellules gliales entériques." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=53a1af3d-58a4-4865-a8ce-0d006a67df4c.
Full textEnteric glial cells (EGC) represent a major cellular component of the enteric nervous system and are part of the cellular microenvironment of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB). The IEB is composed of a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) under constant renewal. The role of EGC in the maintenance and repair of IEB remains currently largely unknown. Thus, this study combining transcriptomic and functional in vivo and in vitro studies aimed at identifying major IEB functions regulated by EGC. Using microarrays, we have first demonstrated that EGC modulated IEC functions involved in cell motility, morphology, adhesion and proliferation. We have then shown that EGC inhibited IEC proliferation via the release of TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor). We next demonstrated using an in vitro model of IEB wound repair that EGC induced an increase in epithelial restitution in part by increasing IEC spreading via the release by EGC of proEGF (Epidermal Growth Factor). The effects of EGC upon IEB restitution were mediated by an increase in both activity and expression of FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) in IEC and via an EGFR-dependent pathway. Finally, this study also described glial network alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC). In conclusion, our data indicate that EGC are major regulators of IEC functions and suggest that putative defects in glial functions may contribute towards intestinal pathologies with altered repair processes such as CRC or inflammatory bowel disease
Sanscartier, Annie. "Fonctionnement attentionnel et exécutif des enfants qui présentent un trouble déficitaire de l'attention/hyperactivité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27654/27654.pdf.
Full textKaslik, Eva. "Domaines d'attraction et applications dans la théorie du contrôle." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132007.
Full textBerland, Nicolas. "L'histoire du contrôle budgétaire en France : les fonctions du contrôle budgétaire, influences de l'idéologie, de l'environnement et du management stratégique." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090018.
Full textParriaux, Jérémy. "Contrôle, synchronisation et chiffrement." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0129/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synchronization of dynamical systems. The synchronization considered is called master-slave, that is, the dynamical systems are connected in a unidirectional way. This configuration is of interest because it corresponds to an architecture encountered in secured communications of type one-to-one or one-to-many. A special attention is paid to self-synchronization. A behaviour that characterizes synchronization achieved with a simple master-slave coupling and so, without any external control. It is a central feature of self-synchronizing stream ciphers. The study of self-synchronization in the cryptographic context relies on control theory. An original connection between self-synchronization and encryption/decryption is provided. It is based on the flatness property of dynamical systems, a property borrowed from automatic control. It is shown that flat dynamical systems completly define the set of all self-synchronizing systems and thus, enlarge the existing structures of self-synchronizing stream ciphers. Flatness is first of all studied for the case of two nonlinear systems: switched linear systems and linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. Flatness caracterization is based on the concept of nilpotent semigroups and an efficient algorithm is provided. A constructive approach for self-synchronizing master-slave structures is proposed. It relies on the construction of flat systems as well as on left and right invertibility also borrowed from control theory. Then, self-synchronization is studied in the Boolean context which is preferred in cryptography. Self-synchronization is caracterized through the notion of influence. Several matrix representations of Boolean functions are proposed. These representations are especially interesting for security analysis. A connection between self-synchronization and the eigenstructures of these matrices is established. Then, a graph oriented approach is provided. New self-synchronizing constructions are deduced and security elements are discussed. Eventually, the description of a realized FPGA based test plateform is provided
Regnaux, Jean Philippe. "Automaticité de la locomotion chez l'homme : analyse par un paradigme de double tâche." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112030.
Full textIn a stable environment, the control of human locomotion is often regarded as very automated, with little or no involvement of cognitive function. Attention is associated with the activation of certain cerebral structures. The involvement of attentional resources in the control of motor performance can be evaluated by a dual -task paradigm, through use of a reaction time (RT) task. The aim of our research is to determine and evaluate the contribution of attentional resources required for gait control on a treadmill at a steady state in young healthy adults or after a central system nervous lesion. Our results show that walking at a confortable speed under very automated conditions, as on a treadmill, is not a purely automatic activity. The requirement of attentional resources during treadmill walking shows the participation of cerebral structures in the maintenance and control of the performance of the locomotor task. In the motor control of locomotion, these structures appear particularly involved during the double limb support phase. Compared to healthy young adults, the greater amount of resources consumed by patients after a cerebral or spinal injury while performing the walking task seems to be related to the importance of the locomotor impairment. An outcome measure using RTs during treadmill walking could be an easy and inexpensive tool for the evaluation of treatment effectiveness or patient progress in walking performance
Seghir, Driss. "Calcul des variations et contrôle optimal dans des espaces de fonctions à variation bornée." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30102.
Full textSedrakyan, Hayk. "Comportement limite des systèmes singuliers et les limites de fonctions valeur en contrôle optimal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066681/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of two main parts. In the first part, Chapter 3 is devoted to the investigation of the limit behavior of a singularly perturbed control system with two state variables which are weakly coupled. In order to prove our approximation result we use the so called averaging method and a recent result on nonexpansive control. The main novelty of our averaging approach lies in the fact that the limit dynamic may depend on the initial condition of the fast system. In the literature, the investigation of the limit behavior of such systems has been usually addressed under conditions that ensure that the limit dynamic is independent from the initial condition of the fast system. In Chapter 4, we generalise the results of Chapter 3 by considering a more general nonexpansivity condition. Moreover, we consider an example where the new nonexpansity condition is satisfied but the nonexpansivity condition of Chapter 3 does not hold true. The second part deals with Hamilton-Jacobi equations under state constraints. Chapter 5 focuses on the stable representation of convex Hamiltonians by functions describing a Bolza optimal control problem. In Chapter 6 we investigate stability of solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations under state constraints by studying stability of value functions of a suitable family of Bolza optimal control problems under state constraints. We show that under suitable assumptions, the value function is a unique viscosity solution to Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation and that solutions are stable with respect to Hamiltonians and state constraints
Tirmarche, Samantha. "Fonctions des thiorédoxines sexuelles et contrôle de l’état rédox des protamines chez la drosophile." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1079/document.
Full textIn animal sexual reproduction, spermatozoon is a very specialized cell. Its very peculiar chromatin is remodeled both during spermiogenesis and fertilization. During mammalian and drosophilian spermiogenesis, histones involved in DNA condensation are replaced with sperm specific small nuclear basic proteins : the protamines. This sperm specific architecture is stabilized by disulfide bonds. At fertilization,protamines are removed from the male nucleus and maternally-provided histones are incorporated to form a functional paternal chromatin. However, the mecanisms involved in the incorporation and the removal of protamines of their disulfide bonds are unknown in Drosophila.During my PhD, I demonstrated that two sexual thioredoxins are important for spermiogenesis and fertilization in D. melanogaster. In one hand, I showed that DHD, a female specific thioredoxin, is essential for protamine eviction at fertilization. Without this major protein, male nucleus does not decondense, protamines are not removed from sperm chromatin and zygotic development does not occur. Besides, I demonstrated that DHD is directly responsible for the reduction of the disufide bonds which stabilize sperm chromatin.On the other hand, I showed that TrxT, a testis-specific thioredoxin, is needed for spermiogenesis. Without this protein, DNA damages appear on spermatid nuclei, and those spermatozoon are then eliminated during spermatogenesis.This work highlights that drosophilian sex-specific thioredoxins are essential for sexual reproduction success
Slachevsky-Chonchol, Andrea. "Cortex préfrontal et contrôle de l'action : approche clinique et expérimentale." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066309.
Full textChauchat, Mathias. "Le contrôle politique du parlement européen sur les exécutifs communautaires." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR1001.
Full textThe european parliament, in a few years, has been able to approach the three powers usually acknowledged to a parliament in western democracies: -to vote the law -to allow taxes -to supervize the policy of the executive the european treaties draw their inspiration from parliamentary logic; the parliament discusses, in public session, the general report which is proposed by the commission and the treaties foresee the possible sanction: the motion of censure of the integrated executive, which involves it's collective resignation. If the parliamentary logic exists, it still remains uncompleted on the european scale and lies in the only control of the commission, neglecting the real deciding institution, that is the council. So, the political control power does'nt correspond with the reality of the institutions. The whole procedure of the parliament, from a democratic point of view, consists on the "reconstruction" of it's ability. If it has been able to give itself the largest means for questionning the two executives, the sanction, limited to the only commission, still shows a democratical deficiency
Lessard, Andrée. "Implication de l'innervation opioidergique du noyau paraventriculaire de l'hypothalamus dans le contrôle des fonctions cardiovasculaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25652.pdf.
Full textMoulay, Emmanuel. "Une étude des systèmes non linéaires en théorie du contrôle par les fonctions de Lyapunov." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974513.
Full textBègue, Jean-Michel. "Modélisation de fonctions d'aide à la décision pour le contrôle et l'évolution des systèmes d'information." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4069.
Full textBatonnet-Pichon, Sabrina. "Régulation et contrôle des fonctions du facteur de transcription musculaire myod par ubiquitylation et phosphorylations." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S013.
Full textRegulation of the MyoD expression level, a skeletal muscle specific transcription factor, is dispensable to cell cycle arrest and activation of muscle gene expression required for myogenic differentiation program. In normal myoblasts, MyoD is expressed in G1 phase and end-G2 phase, where its transcriptional activity and its expression level are regulated by post-traductional modifications. In first part of our project, we have shown the major mechanism leading to the nuclear degradation of MyoD. So, we have demonstrated that the ubiquitylation of MyoD is majoritarly realized on its Lysine 133, and seems to be also implicated in its myogenic activity. The second part of our study deals with MyoD regulation during G2/M transition. Thus, we have shown that MyoD is partially degraded in the end of the G2 phase independently of its D-box motif and of the ubiquitin ligase APCcdc20/cdh1. This degradation is only dependent of Serine 200 phosphorylation. Finally, we have also demonstrated that the double-phosphorylation of MyoD plays a major role in its transcriptional inhibition through a decreased ADN affinity leading to its chromatin exclusion in mitosis. Thus, MyoD appears to be tightly regulated during cell cycle by two highly specific mechanisms during G1/S and G2/M transitions. Therefore, our study participates to the understanding of MyoD regulation during the proliferation of Myoblasts, required for identifying in the future several pathological mechanisms involved in muscular diseases
Quénard, Christelle. "Les fonctions cognitives de contrôle chez les personnes civiles traumatisées de la guerre du Congo." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30025/document.
Full textThe traumatized civil persons (PTSD) of the Congo War bring back numerous interventions of thoughts by images and scenes of the lived events. These interventions bring an important clinical suffering. They make relive the trauma permanently without any cognitive control is apparently possible. In our work of thesis we support the idea that these interventions are the consequences of a deep modification of the processes cognitive of control at the civil persons traumatized by the Congo War. More particularly, we suppose that the process susceptible to be involved (to be in question) in the absence of control over the images and the thoughts would be a deficit of the mechanism of cognitive inhibition. To put our hypothesis in the test we built various tasks consisted for each of a material with "neutral" valency and a material with "traumatic, negative" valency. These tasks are recognized to measure the capacities of cognitive control. It is about the task of Stroop (Stroop, 1935), of the task of directed Forgetting (Bjork, Bjork, & Anderson, 1996), of a material stemming of paradigm DRM (Deese, 1959; Roediger, & McDermott, 1995) and R/K (Tulving, 1985) and finally a memory–slip test (Jacoby, 1991; Hay, & Jacoby, 1996, 1999; Guerdoux, 2009). These tasks were administered to a first population of civil persons traumatized by the Congo War in comparison to a population of persons of the Burkina Faso not traumatized. Our results invalidated our hypotheses as for the existence of a deficit of inhibition in particular in the presence of an emotional verbal material in connection with the lived traumatic events. The results of our studies militate for a hypercontrol and a hyperinhibition of any material in connection with the trauma. That is why we try to explain this hypercontrol as the sign of an emotional expulsion such as defined by Freud (1926) or the sign of a psychic dissociation defined by Janet (1986, 1987)
Abou, Leyla Najib. "Contrôle santé intégré passif par corrélation de champ acoustique ambiant : Application aux structures aéronautiques." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fa3a198c-8d6b-49e7-96ef-883d2c5a09e1.
Full textStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an autonomous and permanent technique for checking the integrity of a mechanical structure. The interest of is to inspect the integrity of the structure in near real time, which increases reliability, and avoiding immobilization of the aircraft during the inspection phase, and thus reduce maintenance cost. The work presented here is devoted to the study of a passive SHM in aeronautics using an ambient noise cross correlation. Indeed, recent studies have shown a relationship between the correlation function of a diffuse field between two points, and the Green’s function between them. The aim is to exploit the mechanical vibrations in an aircraft during the flight. In a first step, the potential of this method is verified experimentally, and the problems and difficulties due to some imperfections of application are outlined. In a second step, a simulation tool is developed to better understand certain acoustic phenomena, and a solution to solve the problem caused by the imperfections of the application (non-diffuse field) is proposed and validated experimentally. Finally, an optimization of this solution is made with a quantification of the influence of certain parameters. For this purpose a statistical theoretical approach is made and compared with experimental results
Espinoza, Armijo Guillermo Octavio. "Étude, modélisation et développement de méthodes de contrôle des systèmes de régulations biologiques intracellulaires." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4107.
Full textZhang, Bei-Li. "Monoxyde d'azote et prostanoïdes dans le contrôle des fonctions du rein isolé et perfusé de rat." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T113.
Full textPratta-David, Queyroux Christel. "La séparation des fonctions de décision et de contrôle dans les organisations financières publiques et privées." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33020.
Full textCharzat, Jean-Michel. "Les fonctions de la cour de discipline budgétaire et financière." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010275.
Full textCollins, Anne. "Apprentissage et contrôle cognitif : une théorie computationnelle de la fonction exécutive préfontale humaine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814840.
Full textDelage, Florian. "Théorèmes du type Ingham et fonctions orthogonales positives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD031/document.
Full textThe existence or non-existence of positive orthogonal functions for subspaces of almost periodical function has important applications in studying the oscillatory behavior of vibrations. Cazenave, Haraux and Komornik have obtained many theorems of this type. The purpose of this work is to answer an open question formulated in the 1980’s, and to completely clarify the situation for subspaces defined by three periods. We also give some results for subspaces defined by more periods than three periods. We also prove some vectorial result for Ingham type theorems
Parriaux, Jeremy. "Contrôle, synchronisation et chiffrement." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749151.
Full textLan, Sun Luk Jean-Daniel. "Contrôle de la polarisation dans les antennes imprimées à large bande." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4223.
Full textLe, Bellego Frédérique. "Rôle de la laminine dans le contrôle des fonctions des cellules de granulosa dans l'ovaire de brebis." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR4007.
Full textOdy, Chrystele. "L'architecture corticale du contrôle cognitif chez l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202016.
Full textSadoun, Amirouche. "Etude des fonctions exécutives chez le marmouset : effet du vieillissement dans un environnement semi-naturel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30271.
Full textThis thesis allowed the acquisition of a corpus of important data validating a new animal model for the study of cognitive decline related to age, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). A set of behavioral tasks were performed by our animals on touchscreen in a semi-natural context. The results enabled us to understand and characterize the various deficits present in elderly subjects and to discover, through an algorithmic analysis method, the key periods in which they appear. The presence of early deficits underlines the interest of the model considering degenerative brain pathologies. In addition, the analysis of the morphometric data obtained by structural MRI revealed some anatomical abnormalities that may appear in the elderly. Likewise, the analysis of the audio recordings that we obtained during the behavioral sessions showed an influence of the sound environment and particularly of some vocalizations on cognitive performances. This result highlights the importance of conducting experiments in a semi-natural context as ours. It also emphasizes the importance of conducting this kind of approach and adapting it for a better understanding of the role of aging in social cognition. Thus, all of our work paves the way for a new interesting and promising issues for fundamental and clinical research
Bardou, Olivier. "Contrôle dynamique des erreurs de simulation et d'estimation de processus de diffusion." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4007.
Full textCentral limit theorems characterize the asymptotic properties of Monte-Carlo algorithms and usual functionals of ergodic diffusion processes. The aim of this thesis is the introduction of results précising these theorems in four different areas. The first part of this work is devoted to the simulation of diffusion processes. The first chapter introduces a numerical method leading to a dynamic control of the variance within a Monte-Carlo algorithm. Applications in finance are provided. The second chapter deals with an efficient estimator for the variance of ergodic simulations. Its properties rely on an almost sure central limit theorem. Reduction variance technics are deviced in this framework. The second part of this work is devoted to the statistical estimation of diffusion processes. The first chapter deals with ergodic processes. For different fuctionals of suche processes, we prove Edgeworth expansions précising the speed of convergence in the central limit theorem. Applications in statistics are provided, especially a proof of the efficiency of the Bootstrap in this setting. The second chapter introduces a framework for the parametric estimation of processes generalizing the skew Brownian motion
Parsy, François. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un isolateur optique sur verre : fonctions réciproques et non réciproques de contrôle de la polarisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT106/document.
Full textFor the past forty years, the growth of fiber telecommunications has led to the development of integrated optical components. However, due to technological issues, a device has not yet been realized: the optical isolator, which propagates light in a single direction. Our work fits into this context. It deals with the integration of an isolator using the Na+/Ag+ ion-exchange technology. The configuration we adopted consists of three elements on chip: a polarization splitter and two 45 ° polarization rotators, one is reciprocal and the other is not. The polarization splitter has been realized in the shape of an asymmetrical Y junction. After a theoretical study, we present the fabrication process and experimental results. State-of-the-art diaphonies of (31.1 ± 0.4) dB and (32.7 ± 0.4) dB have been measured in TE and TM mode over a bandwidth larger than 70 nm. The magneto-optical part of the study has been undertaken in collaboration with the Laboratoire Télécom Claude Chappe (LT2C) from Saint Etienne, France. The Faraday rotator is a selectively buried waveguide on which a magneto-optical material has been deposited using a sol-gel process. A non-reciprocal rotation of 50 ° has been measured, hence validating the hybrid approach. A novel fabrication process is presented for a reciprocal mode-evolution polarization rotator. The process consists in the burring of a waveguide under an electric field presenting a transverse inhomogeneity. We finally propose a fabrication method of the complete optical isolator. It is based on the monolithic integration of the three elements
Josse, Stève. "Transportabilité de fonctions analogiques en technologies CMOS submicroniques : application : contrôle du retard des fronts d'horloges d'un imageur CCD." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT029H.
Full textMerdzhanova, Galina. "Nouvelles fonctions de la protéine E2F1 dans le contrôle de l'épissage des transcrits : implication dans la carcinogénèse bronchique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10078.
Full textThe transcription factor E2F1 plays a key role during S phase progression and apoptosis. It has been welldemonstrated that the apoptotic function of E2F1 involves its ability to transactivate pro-apoptotic target genes. Having established a differential pattern of its protein expression in lung tumours, we have studied its potential role in these tumours. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, and the Ser-Rich Arg (SR) proteins are among the key regulators involved in both constitutive and alternative splicing events. However, less is known about their upstream activators as well as their downstream targets during apoptotic process. In this study, we identify the splicing factor SC35, a member of this family, as a new direct transcriptional target of E2F1. Furthermore, we show that E2F1 directly interacts with SC35 and provide further evidence that E2F1 requires SC35 to switch the alternative splicing profile of various apoptotic genes such as caspases-8, -9 and Bcl-x, towards the expression of pro-apoptotic splice variants. Finally, we provide evidence that E2F1 and SC35 proteins are up regulated and involved in the apoptotic response induced by DNA damaging agents. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that E2F1 controls pre-mRNA processing events to induce apoptosis, and provide the first evidence of a functional relationship between E2F1 and SR proteins. Moreover, we show that SC35 is also implicated in the control of E2F1 proliferative functions. VEGF-A exist in most tissues as multiple isoforms, termed VEGFxxx (with pro-angiogenic properties) and VEGFxxxb (with anti-angiogenic properties) that are generated by alternative splicing of a single gene product and are deregulated in tumours. In the second part of this work we provide evidence that E2F1, but not a mutant E2F1 unable to bind DNA, down-regulates VEGF promoter activity in normoxic conditions, in a p53- independent manner. More importantly, we further provide evidence that E2F1 up regulates the expression level of anti-angiogenic VEGFxxxb isoforms, suggesting that that E2F1 selectively enhances the inclusion of VEGF-A alternative exon 8b. These findings demonstrate that E2F1 affects the angiogenic balance of VEGF isoforms in favour of anti-angiogenic splice variants. Our results suggest that the splicing factor SC35 also contributes to this splicing switch depending on the cellular models. Therefore, alterations of E2F1 and SC35 protein status in human lung tumours likely contribute to the carcinogenesis and progression of theses tumours by modifying the alternative splicing pattern of apoptotic genes, as well as by modifying the angiogenic process
Hoa, Ombeline. "Imagerie et contrôle des fonctions de l’adénohypophyse chez la souris éveillée : application à l’étude de l’unité Gonadotrope-Vasculaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT072.
Full textIn spite of abundance of scientific data, cellular mechanisms regulating the secretion of the pre-ovulatory LH surge during proestrus are still poorly understood.In order to study the mechanisms underlying this secretion, I adapted innovative tech-niques for in vivo fluorescence functional imaging, injection of viral vectors in the pitui-tary gland, optogenetics in awake animals and immunohistofluorescence in the whole organ.I then showed structural plasticity of gonadotroph cells and pericytes (perivascular "mural" cells) during proestrus in cleared hypophyses. This suggested the existence of a Gonadotroph-Vascular Unit (GVU) composed of gonadotroph cells, fenestrated capil-laries and pericytes, in which the latter would modulate the pre-ovulatory LH surge.Pericytes contraction via Channelrhodopsine-2 activation permitted to demonstrate their role in the sensitization of LH secretion in freely moving animals implanted with an optical fiber.Finally, blood flow and calcium activity in GVU cells expressing GCaMP6 were performed in awake « head-fixed » animals in which visualization of the pituitary gland was achievable through an implanted GRIN lens. These experiments were also conduct-ed at the ventral side of the pituitary gland in anesthetized mice. Analysis showed that in vivo calcium activity increases in endocrine cells and decreases in pericytes during GnRH-induced LH secretion
Bonté, Elodie. "Fonctions exécutives chez le babouin (Papio papio) : variabilités interindividuelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5005.
Full textExecutive functions (EF), which are defined as control processes, serve the adaptation of the behaviour in new situations. The human literature reveals important inter-individual variabilities in the efficiency of EF, in particular when age is considered. In a comparative perspective, we investigated if similar individual differences also exist in nonhuman primates, and for which function(s). Several tasks were thus proposed to a group of baboons Papio papio, comprising individuals of both sexes and different ages and social status. These experiments were run in a unique research facility, the Primate Behaviour and Cognition platform (Primatology center, Rousset-sur-Arc), where the baboons had an ad libitum free access to ten automated operant conditioning test systems equipped with touch screens. Each task targeted a particular EF, including the functions of inhibition and cognitive flexibility. The baboons demonstrated an efficient inhibitory control in our tasks. Overall, older individuals showed deficits in inhibitory control when compared to the younger subjects. However, this pattern of results is inverted when motor rather than cognitive inhibition was required. The second set of experiments studied cognitive flexibility. That EF appears deficient in adults, in comparison to the younger individuals. Thus, as in humans, monkeys show significant individual differences in executive control. It is concluded that their analysis requires to distinguish motor from cognitive inhibition, and to pay special attention to the factor of age
Mandréa, Frédéric. "Comportement asymptotique des pôles d'approximants rationnels et méromorphes : application aux problèmes inverses du Laplacien 2D." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5606.
Full textOur approach resides in rewriting this problem as a rationalapproximation problem. In this aim, we measure some harmonic (thermic or electrostatic. . . ) quantities on the boundary. Using the well-known relation between harmonic theory and complex analysis, we construct a function f, on the external boundary of thestudied domain, from Dirichlet-Neumann data collected on this boundary. We thus show that such a function f can be seen as the trace, on the boundary, of a function which is analytic inside the domain except on the crack (which is considered as perfectly insulating). We then see how meromorphic and rational approximants can help toobtain information on the existence and position of the crack. In particular, we show how such a study, considering meromorphic approximants for the L-infinity norm (on the boundary) and rational approximant for the L-2 norm, leads us to a particular relation: a "non-hermitian" orthogonality equation