Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonctions (Mathématiques)'
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Mokhtar-Kharroubi, Hocine. "Sur quelques fonctions marginales et leurs applications." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608118n.
Full textLauter, Christoph Quirin. "Arrondi correct de fonctions mathématiques : fonctions univariées et bivariées, certification et automatisation." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0482.
Full textThis thesis broadens the research space for the implementations of correctly rounded mathematical functions in floating-point arithmetic. Interest goes first to the functions xn and to the function xy. A novel approach for detecting the rounding boundary cases of xy is proposed. This innovation yields to a consequent speed-up of this function. Further, this thesis proposes automatic approaches for certifying a correctly rounded implementation of a function. A new algorithm for the safe computation of infinite norms is presented and made practically usable. Finally, algorithms are developed that allow for an automation of the implementation process of functions. A first realization in the Sollya tool permits generating and certifying the code for evaluating a mathematical function without human interaction. In the future, an integration of such techniques in a compiler can be considered
Cominetti, Roberto. "Analyse du second ordre de problèmes d'optimisation non-différentiable." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21164.
Full textMuller, Jean-Michel. "Méthodologies de calcul des fonctions élémentaires." Grenoble INPG, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315301.
Full textGrau, Sylvie. "Problématiser en mathématiques : le cas de l'apprentissage des fonctions affines." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2019/document.
Full textFor certain pupils, the notion of linear functions is not available in spite of a teaching by problems. We tried to understand why and to find tracks to remedy it. For that purpose, we analyzed the knowledge taught in connection with the epistemology of the notion of affinity, estimated the knowledge of the pupils at the exit of the middle school to identify the obstacles or the difficulties which they meet and experimented various situations of learning. We used tools inspired by the framework of the problematization (Fabre et Orange, 1997) to analyze the linguistic productions of the pupils to understand the way they raise the problems bound to the affinity, how they act on the met objects and how they make changes of frames (Douady) or registers (Duval). This study brought to us to make the hypothesis that the availability of the knowledge arises from a double process: a learning by problematization of the tool, a process of secondarisation of the speech. Besides, an approach of the affinity by a global point of view and covariationnel should allow the pupils to understand better in what the linear functions can be a modelling tool to solve problems bound to the covariation of two quantities measurable. We thought of a format of sequence integrating these various approaches by a succession of situations based on the idea of a problematization by analysis of the productions of the pupils (PPAP) to work the relation between the action and the object of knowledge. We experimented this engineering to reach some favorable conditions which can be of use to the teaching of the linear functions
Younsi, Malik. "Calcul de la capacité analytique et fonctions d'Ahlfors rationnelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30728/30728.pdf.
Full textDupuis, Florence. "Estimation statistique des fonctions d'appartenance d'ensembles flous." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S143.
Full textWe introduce a new method for statistical estimation of fuzzy set membership functions. Observations are experts' binary findings on (polling) point membership or non-membership of the fuzzy set under consideration. We model the observation process law as a Bernoulli "coherent" process governed by monotonous rules from the experts' findings. We study the statistical structures of one or more experts : identifiability, exhaustivity, the existence of unbiased estimators and so on. In the case of fuzzy numbers, we propose fix-point estimators. We study their convergence in relation to the increasing number of experts' findings under consideration. We then give confidence area estimators. Some simulations illustrate these results
Gaboury, Sébastien. "Sur les convolutions de fonctions arithmétiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24357/24357.pdf.
Full textBEN, SLIMANE MOURAD. "Etude du formalisme multi-fractal pour les fonctions." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9616.
Full textCalvi, Jean-Paul. "Interpolation et fonctionnelles analytiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30014.
Full textRegnard, Nazim. "Modèles GARCH à coefficients fonctions d'un processus exogène." Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30036.
Full textIn this document, we studt the probabilistic properties and the statistical inference of parametric conditional volatility models with coefficients driven by an observed exogenous process. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the stability properties of a GARCH (1,1) model belonging to this class. Necessary and suffcient conditions are given for the existence of solutions, which are generally non-stationary, and for the existence of moments of such solutions. These conditions concerns the GARCH coefficients in the various regimes of the exogenous process, and the stationary probabilities of these regimes. The second part is devoted to the asymptotic properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. The consistency and asymptotic normality are derived under regularity assumptions implying the stability of the solution and the strict positivity of the GARCH coefficients but without requiring the existence of moments of the observal process. In the third part, we derive the asymptotic properties of the estimator when certain coefficients of the model are null. In this case, the symptotic distribution of the estimator is shown to be the projection of a Gaussian distribution onto a convex one, and thus is non Gaussian. We derive asymptotic distributions of test of nullity of some coefficients, and their asymptotic local power functions. Most of these asymptotic results are illustrated by stimulated examples. The proposed models seems to be particularly well suited for the modeling of energy prices. For gas prices, an empirical finding is the existence of distinct volatility regimes for the volatility of gas prices, depending on the temperature level
Pouget, Cécile. "Les fonctions économiques du marché des actions." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40010.
Full textGontier, David. "Contributions mathématiques aux calculs de structures électroniques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1109/document.
Full textThis thesis contains three different topics, all related to electronic structure problems. These three topics are presented in three independent parts.This thesis begins with a general introduction presenting the problematics and main results.The first part is concerned with Density Functional Theory (DFT), for spin-polarized models. This part is divided in two chapters. In the first of these chapters, the notion of N-representability is introduced and the characterizations of the N-representable sets of spin-density 2X2 matrices are given. In the second chapter, we show how to mathematically treat the Zeeman term in spin-polarized DFT models. The existence of minimizers that was proved in (Anantharaman, Cancès 2009) for spin-unpolarized Kohn-Sham models within the local density approximation is extended to spin-polarized models.The second part of this thesis focuses on the GW approximation. We first give a mathematical definition of the one-body Green's function, and explain why methods based on Green's functions can be used to calculate electronic-excited energies of molecules. One way to compute an approximation of the Green's function is through the self-consistent GW equations. The well-posedness of these equations is discussed, and proved in the GW0 case in a perturbative regime. This is joint work with Eric Cancès and Gabriel Stoltz.In the third and final part, numerical methods to compute band-diagrams of crystalline structure are analyzed. This part is divided in two chapters.In the first one, we consider a perfect crystal in the reduced Hartree-Fock approximation (see (Cances, Deleurence, Lewin 2008)). We prove that, if the crystal is an insulator or a semi-conductor, then supercell calculations converge to the exact solution with an exponential rate of convergence with respect to the size of the supercell. This is joint work with Salma Lahbabi. In the last chapter, we provide a new numerical method to calculate the band diagram of a crystal (which can be either an insulator or a conductor). This method, based on reduced basis techniques, speeds up traditional calculations. This is joint work with Eric Cancès, Virginie Ehrlacher, and Damiano Lombardi
Guibert, Gil. "Espaces d'arcs et singularités de fonctions." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5670.
Full textBonnard, Isabelle. "Fonctions algébriquement constructibles et formes quadratiques." Angers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ANGE0024.
Full textThe algebraically constructible functions on a real algebraic set are the sums of signs of polynomials. We place ourselves on the real spectrum of the ring of polynomials of the considered algebraic set: the algebraically constructible functions induce signatures of quadratic forms there. We then use results on quadratic forms in the spaces of signs or orders, which give us geometric results on algebraically constructible functions. We first obtain an algorithmic characterisation of algebraically constructible functions. Then we are interested in writing a given algebraically constructible function with the minimal number of polynomials. We determine this number algorithmically, then we give an upper bound (depending on the dimension of the space and the range of values of the function) whose optimality we show. We can also decide (again algorithmically) whether a polynomial is involved in a description of the function with the minimum number of polynomials. In the third part, we consider constructible Nash functions. We show that in restriction to any compact, these functions coincide with the sign sums of arc-analytic semi-algebraic functions. We then transpose some of the previous results (on algebraically constructible functions) to the constructible Nash case. In particular, we obtain a characterisation of constructible Nash functions, and results on the minimal number of arc-analytic semi-algebraic functions to describe a constructible Nash function on a compact
Geoffroy, Michel Henri. "Convergence et intégration de sous-differentiels de fonctions semi-continues inférieurement." Antilles-Guyane, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AGUY0049.
Full textGhorbel, Mohamed Ali. "Aspects statistiques de phénomènes de fragmentation aléatoire." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132013.
Full textHedli-Griche, Sonia. "Estimation de l'opérateur de régression pour des données fonctionnelles et des erreurs corrélées." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21009.
Full textIn the research work that we present in this thesis, we study the problem of nonparametric modelization when the statistical data are represented by curves. More precisely, we are interested in the problems of prediction from an explanatory random variable that takes values in some, eventually, infinite dimensional space. Recently, some work has been realised in the functional operatoriel estimation under the independence assumptions of the functional data. In this thesis, we consider that the functional data are dependent and that the error process is stationary (with short or long memory). We have studied and estimated the regression operator under different set-ups: when the functional data (dependent) are deterministic or random, when the error process is a short or long memory, the asymptotic normality when the error process is negatively associated, the local/global choice of the bandwidth, the study of the relevancy of our theoretical results to simulated data and then to real data
Mazzilli, Emmanuel. "Division et extension des fonctions holomorphes dans les ellipsoi͏̈des." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30139.
Full textLe, Roux J. "Sur les algorithmes de factorisation spectrale dans le cas des signaux stationnaires échantillonnés." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4041.
Full textLacasta, Zabalza Eduardo. "Les graphiques cartésiens de fonctions dans l'enseignement secondaire des mathématiques : illusions et contrôles." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10612.
Full textSoucy, Jérôme. "Sur le mouvement holomorphe de l'attracteur d'un système de fonctions itérées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24348/24348.pdf.
Full textGuzman, Retamal Ismenia del Carmen. "Le rôle des représentations dans l'appropriation de la notion de fonction." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13048.
Full textThe teaching of functions uses natural language and several registers of representation (graphic, algebraic, tables, algorithms). But the analysis of the activities also emphasizes the role of the articulations between the various representations ; the corresponding activities, more semiotical than mathematical, are not actually sollicited in curricula. From a questionnaire on affine functions submitted to french students (15 years old), it appears than the changes from one regiser to another, which are a blind point in the teaching of functions, are far from being understood spontaneously. The few correct answers given by the students in the tasks corresponding to these changes seem to be statistically independant, if not opposed
Hivert, Florent. "Combinatoire des fonctions quasi-symétiques." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0051.
Full textRico, Fabien. "Fonctions élémentaires : algorithmes et précisions." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20052.
Full textKoskas, Michel. "Complexité de suites - fonctions de Carlitz." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10633.
Full textBen, Slimane Mourad. "Étude du formalisme multifractal pour les fonctions." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569006.
Full textSakki, Nour-Dine. "Analyse mathématique et numérique des phénomènes d'instabilité et de non-unicité pour des problèmes de frottement." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS040.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is a mathematical and numerical analysis of insta- bility and non uniqueness for frictional problerns. The first chapter introduces Borne friction laws and contact: solid friction, Slip Weakening Friction laws, compliance. The second chapter replaces the study within the framework of elasticity in small deformations in static, quasi-static and dynamic cases. The third chapter is concerned with the discrete contact problem governed by Coulomb's friction law. We propose and study a new method using mixed finite elements with two multipliers in aIder to determine numerically critical friction coefficients. The framework is based on eigenvalue problerns and it allows to exhibit non-uniqueness cases involving infinity of solutions located on a continuous branch. The theory is illustrated with several computations which clearly show the accuracy of the proposed method. The fourth chapter is concerned with the normal compliance model and friction. We consider the two-dimensional sliding problem and we look after Borne interface parameters leading to infinitely many solutions for the continuous and the finite element discretized problem. The determination of the interface parameters uses a specific eigenvalue problem. Finally, the firth chapter of this thesis is devoted to unstable perturbation of the equilibrium for Coulomb friction problem and nonlinear eigenvalue analysis
Mary, Claudine. "Place et fonctions de la validation chez les futurs enseignants des mathématiques au secondaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq51967.pdf.
Full textSévellec, Muriel. "Réduction de l'ordre des systèmes à fonctions de transfert rationnelles." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2015.
Full textLmoudden, Aziz. "Une généralisation de la copule de Khoudraji. Copules engendrées par des fonctions complètement monotones." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28122/28122.pdf.
Full textStamate, Elena-Cristina. "Sous-différentiabilité vectorielle." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0043.
Full textBenelmostafa, M'hamed. "Comparaison entre moyennes temporelles et microcanoniques : Une contribution à l'étude de l'ergodicité." Pau, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PAUU1025.
Full textFontenas, Eric. "Constantes dans les inégalités de Sobolev et fonctions extrémales." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30001.
Full textMerrheim, Xavier. "Bases discrètes et calcul des fonctions élémentaires par matériel." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10044.
Full textLovera, Stéphanie. "Propriétés spectrales de l'opérateur du d-bar et des opérateurs de Hanke." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11029.
Full textKalliterakis, Adonios. "Comportement à l'inifini des fonctions de Bessel associées aux représentations des algèbres de Jordan euclidiennes." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10309.
Full textMagot, Nicolas. "Cartes planaires et fonctions de Belyi : aspects algorithmiques et expérimentaux." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10580.
Full textScalas, Florence. "Intégrales de Poisson associées aux opérateurs de Dunkl pour les groupes diédraux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11036.
Full textBen, Hadj Braiek Ennaceur. "Application des fonctions de Walsh et des fonctions modulatrices à la modélisation des systèmes continus non linéaires." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10072.
Full textCochet-Terrasson, Jean. "Algorithmes d'itération sur les politiques pour les applications monotones contractantes." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1012.
Full textPeyrin, Thomas. "Analyse de fonctions de hachage cryptographiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0010.
Full textHash functions are one of the most useful primitives in cryptography, for example in authentication or message integrity solutions. Even if we also sat ourselves in the design side during this research time, we will mostly concentrate on hash functions cryptanalysis in this thesis. Firstly, we study and extend recent attacks on the standardized hash functions from the SHA family, by far the most utilized candidate in practice. We present the best known practical attacks against SHA-0 and SHA-1. Then, we describe the first algorithm that finds collisions for the GRINDAHL family of hash functions, a new candidate based on innovative design concepts. Finally, we analyse the hash function FORK-256 and show that it can not be considered as cryptographically strong
El, Marraki Mohamed. "Composition des fonctions rationnelles et ses aspects combinatoires." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR10593.
Full textKulkarni, Rekha Panditrao. "Fonctions spline cardinales tronquées." Grenoble 1, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318472.
Full textOn propose des conditions de bout pour les fonctions spines polynomiales d'interpolation de degre p (p >ou= 2) associees aux abscisses equidistantes qui economisent le calcul et entrainent un ordre de convergence optimal. Cette fonction spline peut etre interpretee comme une fonction spline cardinale tronquee avec une correction convenable. La technique utilisee pour les fonctions splines polynomiales est applicable dans le cas des fonctions splines sous tension. On donne aussi quelques resultats pour les fonctions splines cubiques de lissage
Azou, Stéphane. "Réalisation équilibrée de systèmes par orthogonalisation de fonctions d'entrée - grammiens et approximation." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2049.
Full textCombari, Christophe. "Sur les sous-différentiels de fonctions convexes." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20204.
Full textBlachère, Sébastien. "Agrégation limitée par diffusion interne et temps de coupure sur les groupes discrets à croissance polynomiale." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30142.
Full textChandler, Charles. "Étude des points de vue de professeurs de l'enseignement supérieur en France sur les mathématiques appliquées, les mathématiques fondamentales, l'enseignement des fonctions et des distributions." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H123.
Full textOur thesis relates to the teaching of mathematics in the Schools of engineers within the framework of lesson on the functions and the distributions. To support our hypothesis, we present the historical context of mathematics applied to engineering studies and the invention of the distributions. On those premises, we examine the positioning of mathematicians in the course of history on the differentiation between applied and fundamental mathematics. Chevallard's anthropology of didactics serves as a reference point as well as a theoretical framework for our analysis on the relationship between professors and their institutions and / or training centers for engineers. Our conclusions are based on the contents of the interviews with professors from engineering schools and on the comparative studies of their courses with those of Schwartz. For them, the contents of applied and fundamental mathematics overlap to the extent that they sometimes refer to it as "mixed mathematics". The teaching of the distributions is essential for engineers in order to solve EDP equations. Modeling is also a tool allowing engineers to apply mathematics to reality
Dévoué, Victor. "Sur les singularités de certains problèmes différentiels." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0124.
Full textIn this thesis ,we propose a method to solve some Cauchy probems with irregular or characteristic data by using the recent theories of generalized functions. We study a regular Cauchy problem and a regular Goursat problem in the first part with data on a monotonous curve. The second part is devoted to the setting up of an algebra adapted to the generalized Cauchy problem. In the third part, we study a generalized Goursat problem in the same way. In the fourth part,we approach a characteristic Cauchy problem by a family of non-charasteristic ones (Pe) by considering the straigth line of equation Y=ex. If ue is the solution of problem (Pe),u=[ue] is a generalized function that we consider as the generalized solution of the problem in an appropriate algebra. We give a meaning to the charasteristic Cauchy problem with irregular data by replacing it by a family of non-charasteristic problems(P(e,n)) in an appropriate algebra. The parameter e permits to replace the given problem by a non-charasteristic one,whereas the parameter n makes it regular. If U(e,n)is the solution of problem (P(e,n)),u=[u(e,n)] is a generalized function considered as the generalized solution of the problem
Domenichino, Cyrille. "Propriétés de moyenne pour les fonctions mu - harmoniques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11004.
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