Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonctions régulatrices'
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Martin-Gallausiaux, Camille. "Impact du microbiote sur les fonctions immuno-régulatrices des cellules épithéliales intestinales humaines." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS124.
Full textExchange with the gut microbiota are key for immune system development and host intestinal homeostasis. Bacterial molecules sensed by epithelial cells in the intestine are challenging permanently the host immune system. In response, epithelial cells secrete numerous immuno-regulator factors favouring gut tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, remain poorly understand. We studied bacterial-dependent regulation of TGFB1 and IDO1 genes as well as the TLR independent activation of the NFκB pathway, in epithelial cells. We screened the activities of a hundred of gut bacterial species on human epithelial cell lines. We showed that short chain fatty acids, and specially butyrate secreted by Clostridiales and Fusobacterium, were potent modulators of TGFb1 and IDO1 via their histone deacetylase inhibition properties. Butyrate upregulated TGFB1 by a mechanism dependent of the SP1 transcription factor. Moreover, butyrate inhibited IDO1 by two distinct mechanisms, by down-regulating the STAT1/IFNγ pathway and by preventing IDO1 expression independently of IFNγ. Eventually, we described that specific group of gut bacteria activated NFκB in a short-chain fatty acids, TLR and MYD88 independent manner. Interestingly, some Gram+ bacteria stimulated NFκB via the NOD1 pathway. Furthermore, we identified for the first time in a non-pathogenic context, commensal bacteria promoting NFκB by the newly discovered ALPK1-TIFA-TRAF6 axis. Overall, our work support the specific functions of the intestinal epithelial cells in the regulation of the host-microbiote symbiosis
Vauthier, Virginie. "Etude des Endospanines, une nouvelle famille de protéines régulatrices des fonctions du récepteur de la leptine." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T097.
Full textObesity is one of the greatest current public health challenges, not only in industrialized countries but also in developing countries. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is a major integration centre for energy and glucose homeostasis that responds to peripheral hormones such as leptin. Resistance to leptin in the ARC is an important component of obesity development and its prevention or reversal represents a major therapeutic goal. Our laboratory recently described endospanin 1 as a negative regulator of the leptin receptor (OB-R) that by interacting with OB-R retains the receptor inside the cell. Interestingly, both proteins are expressed from the same promoter. Silencing of endospanin 1 in the ARC prevented the development of diet-induced obesity demonstrating the importance of this protein on OB-R in vivo function.Based on these encouraging findings the first aim of this thesis was to extend our understanding of the in vitro and in vivo role of endospanin 1 and its homologue, endospanin 2, on OB-R function. The second aim consisted in the identification of chemical compounds able to sensitize the leptin response in obese patients. We show here that endospanin 1 is up-regulated in the ARC of obese mice suggesting a potential contribution of this protein to the development of leptin resistance. Its silencing in the ARC of naïve and obese mice reverses obesity development and impairs pancreatic insulin secretion. This dual effect correlates with the differential effect of endospanin 1 on OB-R signaling, inhibition of the STAT3 pathway and activation of the AKT pathway. Intriguingly, endospanin 2, the second member of the endospanin family, promotes efficient STAT3 activation suggesting differential roles of both endospanins on OB-R function.We characterized an obese patient carrying a homozygous deletion in the chromosomal 1p31.3 region coding for endospanin 1. This is the first report defining the consequences of endospanin 1-deficiency in humans. Our data suggest that endospanin 1 has no major OB-R-independent functions thus defining endospanin 1 as an attractive and highly specific therapeutic target for the improvement of impaired leptin signaling.In the last part of the thesis two screening assays were developed to identify compounds that either activate OB-R or promote its cell surface expression. Primary screens were successfully performed for both assays and positive hits identified. Validated hits might be useful to resensitize the impaired leptin response in obese patients
Zhu, Ren. "Dissection des fonctions régulatrices des lymphocytes iNKT en situation auto-immune dans le modèle de la souris NOD." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084227.
Full textGarot, Armand. "Régions régulatrices Eµ et 3'RR au locus des chaînes lourdes d'immunoglobulines : dynamique, fonctions et interactions des modules." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0054/document.
Full textImmunoglobulin (Ig) gene expression in B cells depends on multiple genetic rearrangements named V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). These events are controlled by cis-regulatory elements which are, especially numerous within the IgH locus. Major IgH regulatory elements are Eµ composed of a core enhancer flanked by nuclear matrix attachment regions MARsEµ and the regulatory region located at the 3’end of the locus (3’RR), composed of 4 enhancers (hs3a; hs1-2; hs3b; hs4) harbouring a highly conserved quasi-palindromic structure. To study these regulatory regions, we analyzed multiple mice models carrying endogenous deletions of either the entire Eµ region, MARsEµ only or various parts of the 3’RR. These models revealed unsuspected functions for all IgH regulatory regions, at various stages of B cell development. Beyond its role to control accessibility prior DH to JH rearrangements, we identified the window of activity for Eµ region and its particular role on transcription and expression of the µ heavy chain from pre-B to the transitional stages. Indeed, the Eµ enhancer modulates pre-BCR and BCR expression and consequently modulates the mature B cell fate toward marginal zone and follicular compartments. Our study also indicated that the absence of Eµ has no effect on VH segment usage during V to DJ recombination. We also showed that MARsEµ are implicated in the targeting of Ig genes by SHM. The mechanism by which MARsEµ enhances SHM remains to be clarified but we showed that the process does not depend on transcription. Surprisingly MARsEµ also modulates SHM occuring on genes located on different chromosomes: the Ig light chain loci (Igκ) and AID off-targets loci (Bcl6 and Cd83).In a study comparing a new mouse model devoid of the 3’ IgH quasi-palindromic region (hs3a to hs3b) to previous relevant models available in our laboratory (3’RR KO and hs3b-hs4 KO), we identified two complementary functional modules within the 3’RR. The distal module (hs4), which regulates Ig heavy chain expression (and therefore BCR expression) from the immature to mature naïve B cell stages and the proximal module (hs3a to hs3b and its quasi-palindromic structure) required at mature stages for SHM, CSR to most isotypes in activated B cells, and antibody production in plasma cells
Nasarre, Patrick. "Fonctions régulatrices de la sémaphorine SEMA3F sur la morphologie, ládhérence et la migration de cellules tumorales humaines en culture." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2324.
Full textOuabed, Asmahan. "Etude du rôle des sous-populations de cellules dendritiques dans l'expansion et les fonctions des cellules T régulatrices chez le rat." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b559e8b1-d26e-47a4-a17f-41f1ff36bc26.
Full textWe have analysed in the rat the influence of different dendritic cell (DC) subsets on the proliferation and the suppressive activity of naturally occurring T regulatory cells (Treg) in vitro. DC subsets were purified from spleen and separated as: CD103+CD45R-CD4+ (CD4+ DC), CD103+CD45R-CD4- (CD4- DC) and CD103-CD45R+CD4+ or plasmacytoid DC (pDC). Our results show that the three mature DC subsets tested induced a strong proliferation of allogenic CD4+CD25-' Tcell but that, unlike conventional DC subsets (CD4- DC and CD4+ DC), mature pDC stimulated with TLR7 or 9 induce, in the absence of exogenous IL-2, a robust proliferative response of CD4+CD25+FOXP-3+ T cells (Treg), which are reputed hypoproliferative in vitro. Expansion of Treg by pDC is IL-2 independent, requires cell contact and is partially CD86-dependent. DC subsets also differentially control the suppressive activity of Treg in vitro. In the presence of conventional DC, Treg strongly suppress proliferation of, as well as IL-2 and IFN-γ production by effector T cells, whereas in the presence of pDC, Treg suppress IL-2 production by effector T cells but not their prolifeation and IFN-γ production. Our results indicate that anergy and suppressive activity of Treg are differentially controlled by DC subsets and suggest a role for pDC in the control of Treg in vivo
Devallière, Julie. "Caractérisation des fonctions régulatrices de la protéine adaptatrice Lnk (SH2B3) dans l'endothélium vasculaire et application pour la prévention du rejet en xénotransplantation." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b4116474-b2b4-4b9d-951f-9429014ece87.
Full textIn order to develop new strategies for preventing graft rejection, it is important to identify mechanisms and actors of endothelial activation. To this aim, we have characterized Lnk (SH2B3) protein functions in vascular endothelial cells (EC) signaling. We showed that Lnk suppression inhibits β1 integrin-mediated signal transduction in EC. By contrast, Lnk overexpression increases the number of focal adhesions and induces the phosphorylation of both FAK and paxillin proteins. Functionally, sustained Lnk expression dramatically increases EC adhesion and spreading, whereas EC migration and apoptosis induced by anoïkis are decreased. Lnk reduces the expression of α-parvine protein that we identified as the molecular target impairing EC migration. Collectively, our results demonstrate the involvement of the adaptor Lnk in integrin-mediated signaling and functions. In addition, we have studied the potential application of anti-inflammatory effects of Lnk to xenotranplantation. We showed that Lnk overexpression down-regulated VCAM-1 expression mediated by TNFα and protects cells from death by anoïkis and TNFα-mediated apoptosis. These findings reveal a role for Lnk as a cytoprotective molecule. All together, this study presents new regulatory functions for Lnk and additional insights in the prevention of rejection
Klysz, Dorota. "Impact of lymphopenia-inducing regimens and energetic resources on the fate of adoptively transferred T cells." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20184/document.
Full textAnti-tumor therapies have improved significantly over the decade. However, the currently used treatments have important limitations, notably for metastatic cancers, and the development of new approaches is therefore a high priority. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) represents an innovative strategy that has shown much promise. This therapy is based on the infusion of tumor-specific T cells, which have been manipulated and expanded ex vivo, into patients who have been rendered lymphopenic by chemotherapy and/or irradiation. It is interesting to note that while lymphodepletion is attained by the vast majority of conditioning regimens, the effects of these protocols on the host environment and potentially, on the destiny of adoptively-transferred T cells had not been elucidated prior to the studies which we initiated. Using a murine model, we found that the fate of adoptively-transferred T cells differs markedly in mice rendered lymphopenic by sub-lethal irradiation as compared to a busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) chemotherapy regimen. Irradiation-mediated lymphopenia resulted in a skewed IL-7-dependent proliferation of donor CD8+ T cells, whereas Bu/Cy treatment led to an increased IL-7-independent, rapid CD4+ T cell proliferation. These alterations in T cell proliferation were associated with striking changes in the host microenvironment. More specifically, we demonstrated that the proportion and localization of different dendritic cell (DC) subsets in lymphoid organs were differentially affected by the type of conditioning. Furthermore, we found that these DC controlled the rapid donor CD4+ T cell division detected in Bu/Cy-treated mice as depletion of CD11c+ DC inhibited this proliferation. Altogether, our studies demonstrate that lymphopenic regimens generate distinct host environments which modulate the fate of adoptively-transferred T cells. Durind my PhD, we also investigated an original and novel aspect of the microenvironement by studying the potential role of nutrients as metabolic regulators of T cell effector function. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the plasma and contributes to the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements of proliferating T cells. Here, we demonstrated that activation of CD4+ T cells under glutamine-deprived conditions results in a delayed mTOR activation with reduced early ATP production and decreased proliferation. Moreover, these conditions resulted in the conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). This de novo Treg differentiation occurred even under Th1-polarizing conditions and was TGFβ-dependent. Interestingly, glutamine deprivation did not inhibit Th2 differentiation. Importantly, these converted Foxp3+ T cells showed enhanced in vivo persistence and were highly suppressive, completely protecting Rag-deficient mice from the development of autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease as efficiently as natural-occuring Tregs. Thus, our data reveal the external metabolic environment to be a key regulator of a CD4 T lymphocyte's differentiation. Altogether, the data generated during my PhD provide new insights into the identification of parameters that can potentially alter the survival and reactivity of adoptively-transferred T cells
Barbaroussis, Nicolas. "La fonction régulatrice du président de la Troisième République héllénique." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020020.
Full textThe object of this thesis is establishing the regulatory function of the president of the third greek republic. The king's intervention in the function of the regime led the authors of the 1975 constitution to a detailed regulation of the relations between the executive and the legislative. The president of the republic was invested with powers of a regulatory character in his relations with the government (the prime minister), the parliament, the political parties and the people. The 1986 constitutional revision changed the legal role of the regulator of the regime by abolishing part of his powers and transferring some of them to the government (the prime minister), the parliament and the political parties. In the first part we attempt a legal interpretation of the president's powers to regulate the regime according to the 1975 constitution; next we ewamine the practice followed by the head of state under the same constitution with a view to establishing the regulatory function in his relations with the government (the prime minister), the parliament, the political parties and the people. In the second part we proceed in a similar way, to interpret his powers of a regulatory character and examine the practice followed by the president to clarify his new regulatory function under the revised constitution. The practice followed by the regulator of the regime led us to distinguish between the institutionalized regulatory function, provided for by the constitution, and his noninstitutionalized regulatory function, non-provided for by the same constitution. An array of factors of the legal, political, socio-political and personal character make his role relevant. The human factor, the political conditions, certain socio-political phenomena, and mainly the party system exert
Guerci, Aline. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la mise en place et le contrôle de l'expression du gène neurogénine 3 dans le système nerveux central et le pancréas." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466806.
Full textAmrouche, Kahina. "Contrôle de la fonction régulatrice des lymphocytes B : effet du Glatiramer Acetate." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0091/document.
Full textB cell in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is unresponsive to all methods described to date, to activate B cells regulatory (Breg) function. Therfore, it is an interesting model to study the Breg deficiency in Human, and highlights many questions: is there a way to restore a defect of the Breg activation ? If yes, how can we act more efficiently ? Or in contrast, is it an irreversible state of the B cell? Glatiramer Acetate (GA) is a synthetic polypeptide used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. We show that Breg activity of SLE B cells can be restored after stimulation with GA. Interestingly, memory B cells bound high level of FITC-conjuated GA in contrast to mature B cells. We desmonstrate that GA can increased specifically the regulatory activities of memory B cells. GA exerts two major actions on the memory B cells. It generates an improved capacity of inhibition of the T cell proliferative response, whose mechanism is associated with a cellular contact involving HLA-DR molecules. In addition, GA supports a more effective control of the Th1 polarization which is most likely associated with its capacity to induce the production of IL-10 in these B cells. Finaly, GA modifies the memory B cell phenotype since the expression CD5, IL-21R, or PD-1 is significantly increased, all molecules involved in the suppressive function and the IL-10 production. In conclusion, our results show for the first time that amplification of Breg function and additionally its restoration when it is defective in patients, can be perfectly achieved in vitro. Currently, while the development of new process supporting the expansion of Bregs in the mouse model exist, the challenge is to extrapolate such methods in human. Through the control of their regulatory potential, regulatory B cells could be the targets of novel therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases. This study might open up new horizons in this field
Rimbert, Marie. "Analyse quantitative des cellules dendritiques circulantes et fonction des cellules T régulatrices dans les vascularites à ANCA." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1dd15105-b866-4054-b5dd-a7a835ef1742.
Full textAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitides are the most common primary systemic small-vessel vasculitis in adults. Dendritic cells and regulatory cells play pivotal roles in controlling both normal and autoimmune adaptive immune responses. In this study, we examine the frequency and phenotype of DC subsets, and the frequency and function of Treg from patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. We observe in these patients firstly, a decrease numbers of DC which is more pronounced and associated with an increased expression of CD62L for patients in acute phase and secondly, a decrease numbers and suppressive function of Treg with a functional defect more pronounced during flares than remission. Taken together, these data point to a role for Treg functional deficiency in the pathogenesis of AAV and relapses, and suggest that DC might be involved in this modulation of Treg suppressive function
Mokounkolo, René. "Naissance et développement d'une profession nouvelle en Afrique et sa fonction régulatrice : le cas des psychologues congolais." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR2015.
Full textThis investigation, based on data relative to psychological pratice in africa reports upon the basic fundamental processes govorning heterogenous cultural and technical transfers which are performed by industrialized societies towards african societies in transition. Our approach is non-deterministic. Results show that these transfers can contribute to a (limited) regulation of societies in process of developement and searching their identity (obvious, manifest function). These transfers also convey value systems, beliefs and heterogenous significations which upset the african autochtonous identity ( latent function). Whence the predominance of processes aiming at the conciliation of the endogenous and the exogenous level in societies where none of these two levels, taken separately, is sufficent. In short, this thesis shows that the dialectics of heterogenous cultural apprenticeship identical defense and strategy of compromise are in the centre of heterogenous cultural transfers
Delannay, Sylviane N. "Relations entre la structure et la fonction de la carbamoylphosphate synthétase d'Eescherichia coli :étude de mutants affectés dans les propriétés régulatrices de l'enzyme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211814.
Full textBraudeau, Cécile. "Etude du phénotype et de la fonction des cellules régulatrices T CD4+CD25+ dans le sang de patients tolérant spontanément une greffe de rein." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d6456dcd-1157-4700-bb4b-a3d05104c0d7.
Full textDespite being efficient in preventing acute rejection, immunosuppressors have little effect on chronic rejection. A major goal in transplantation is therefore to induce a state of operational tolerance. This state, which is rare in kidney transplant recipients, is defined as long-term graft acceptance with a stable function, without immunosuppression in an immunocompetent recipient. Here we tried to understand the mechanisms implicated in operational tolerance to kidney transplants. The study of a small cohort of tolerant patients allowed us to identify a particular phenotypic profile of CD4+CD25+ blood lymphocytes that was different to that of patients with chronic rejection. Tolerant patients displayed an increased number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells compared to patients with chronic rejection. These cells also displayed a regulatory function similar to that of healthy individuals and significantly higher than that of patients with chronic rejection
Romero, Guzman Maria Eugenia. "Etude par spectroscopie optique d'associations d'acides nucléiques en fonction de leur hydratation, de leurs contre-ions ou en interaction avec la protéine régulatrice Hfq." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132001.
Full textHameg, Agathe. "La population régulatrice TNK : modulation des fonctions innées et adaptives par les cytokines, mise en évidence d'une diversité et application au modèle autoimmun de la souris NOD." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N118.
Full textMaulet, Léa. "L'office de la Grande chambre de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3061.
Full textAs the cornerstone of the negotiations leading to the adoption of Protocol No. 11 to the European Convention on Human Rights, the Grand Chamber of the European Court was given atypical as well as extensive contentious and advisory powers. Subsequent reforms have helped to extend its prerogatives, thus confirming the importance of its role within the European protection system. This thesis focuses on the office of the Grand Chamber in its twofold dimension, formal and substantial. Based on traditional legal materials and methods from the social sciences, this research shows that, despite initially unfavourable conditions, the Grand Chamber has succeeded in redefining its office in order to put it at the service of the construction of a common European law. It has also made itself essential to the preservation of the protection system
Soro, Russell Olivier. "El contrato normativo : análisis de una categoría." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40017.
Full textHow far are now individuals free to create the most appropriate contractual tool to achieve the satisfaction of their needs and interests? What they have in common figures as diverse as a joint-venture agreement, a franchise agreement or a marriage contract? Is the old general theory of contract adapted to the contractual practice of the XXI century? A deep study of the normative contract in this book provides answers to these and to many other momentous matters of Private Law of Contract. Reconstructed from the detailed analysis of the theory and legal practice, the notion of normative contract as an agreement of cooperative nature could constitute the bridge to a new and inspiring way of conceiving the contract. Not surprisingly, as shown by its main practical manifestations, the contract is often more than just an instrument to organize an exchange of goods and services, a powerful regulatory tool of reality and human behavior. To put it briefly, if on the one hand in this essay the author seeks find a remedy for a situation of great uncertainty regarding the so-called normative contract, in the other hand he also invites the legal community to reflect calmly on the role played by contract in present society.Keywords: Normative contract, Normenvertrag, Alfred HUECK, genesis, concept, pactum de modo contrahendo, contrat-cadre, framework agreements, distribution, collective agreement, financial transactions, joint venture, marriage contract, codes of conduct, Spanish private law, French private law, contractual clause, cooperative agreement, intuitus personae, no-obligational and obligational content of the contract, union of contracts, regulatory function of contract, general contract theory, theory of legal regulation, Hans KELSEN , freedom of contract
Cambos, Mathieu. "Interactions hôte/parasite pendant les infections par Plasmodium : activation des cellules T régulatrices naturelles et modulation des fonctions effectrices des macrophages." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4157/1/D2170.pdf.
Full textBoulos, Sandra. "Étude des fonctions immunomodulatrices des lymphocytes T « Doubles-Négatifs »." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6095.
Full textGraft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving an allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Many regulatory T cell populations have been studied and shown to have immunosuppressive properties in GvHD. Among these populations, Double Negative CD4-CD8-TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells (DN T) have been described. These cells represent 1-3% of all T cell lymphocytes and are known to have antigen-specific inhibitory functions of the immune response. The suppression of an immune response by DN T cells seems to be an important mechanism involved in the induction of tolerance to allo-antigens. Moreover, these cells also confer immune tolerance in models of allogeneic and xenogenic grafts. DN T cells have the ability to suppress syngeneic T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells in an antigen-specific manner. Therefore, these DN T cells can inhibit the reaction caused by syngeneic effector cells against a specific alloantigen to which they have been previously exposed. However, they cannot inhibit a reaction directed against an unknown alloantigen. Human DN T cells have been isolated and characterized as cells that have the capacity to interact with APCs by cell-to-cell contact, just like in mice. However, their immunomodulatory properties are still unknown in humans. The goal of our project was to study the role and immunomodulatory functions of human DN T cells in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions (MLR). The MLRs have allowed us to demonstrate that DN T cells, after having been stimulated by an allo-antigen, have an antigen-specific inhibitory function towards the syngeneic effector cells reacting against the same alloantigen that they have been exposed to. Interestingly, they do not inhibit the reaction of these effector cells against an unknown alloantigen. However, stimulated DN T cells did not modulate the expression of the activation markers expressed by the effector cells and did not give a death signal to these cells either. Moreover, we also wanted to study how DN T cells have an immunosuppressive activity. Therefore, we compared the expression of Granzyme B in stimulated versus non-stimulated cells. Our results suggest that DN T cells may use the Granzyme B pathway to immunosuppress the effector cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that DN T cells have an antigen-specific inhibitory function. The mechanism used by these DN T cells remains to be confirmed with our future experiments.
Boulay, Karine. "Identification de modifications post-traductionnelles de Staufen1 et étude de leur fonction régulatrice." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9210.
Full textPost-transcriptional regulation plays a major role in the fine tuning of gene expression by allowing a modulation of protein synthesis in space and time, according to cellular requirements. For instance, proteins recognizing RNA elements on transcripts can influence all the steps of their existence, such as their splicing, nuclear export, subcellular localization, translation and degradation. Staufen1 (Stau1) is a member of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein family that contributes to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by its involvement in mechanisms that promote alternative splicing, transport, de-repression of translation and decay of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The identity of potential Stau1 targets is now known as genome-wide analyses have shown that the protein is associated with about 7% of the HEK293T cell transcriptome. Although these mRNAs are classified in a broad range of functional categories, a large proportion of them code for proteins related to cellular metabolism and regulation of cellular processes. Considering all this information, we hypothesized that the different activities of Stau1 may be modulated in order to control appropriately the expression of Stau1-bound mRNAs. Since some of the mRNAs that are part of Stau1-containing complexes encode key regulators of cell proliferation, we wanted to examine whether Stau1 expression fluctuates during the cell division cycle. We showed that Stau1 abundance peaks at the onset of mitosis and then decreases as cells complete division. We then found that Stau1 down-regulation in mitosis exit is mediated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). To support the idea that Stau1 is a target of this E3-ubiquitin ligase, we further demonstrated that Stau1 is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. The importance of controlling Stau1 levels during the cell cycle is underscored by the observation that its overexpression delays mitotic exit and impairs cell proliferation. Furthermore, we speculated that Stau1 different functions may also be regulated. In the view that the activities of numerous RNA-binding proteins can be controlled by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, we tested the possibility that Stau1 is phosphorylated. Mass spectrometry analysis of immunopurified Stau1 allowed the identification of three phosphosites in this protein. Assessment of the role of these phosphorylation events using phosphomimetic or non-phosphorylatable mutants revealed that Stau1 phosphorylation may compromise its association with Upf1. Because this interaction is necessary to elicit the destabilisation of Stau1-bound RNAs, our results strongly suggest that Stau1 function in mRNA decay is negatively regulated by its phosphorylation. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the modulation of Stau1 expression and functions. Overall, the mechanisms that control Stau1 are likely to have a significant impact on the fate of Stau1-bound mRNAs, especially in the context of cell cycle progression.
Blais, Marie-Eve. "Étude de la fonction et de la régulation homéostatique des lymphocytes T extrathymiques." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6508.
Full textKherdjemil, Yacine. "Fonction et évolution de la régulation du gène Hoxa11 au cours du développement des membres chez les vertébrés." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20226.
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