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Journal articles on the topic 'Food Distribution Channel'
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Gros, I., J. Dyntar, and S. Grosová. "Food products distribution systems redesign in the food corporation acquisition and fusion conditions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 4 (September 9, 2009): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/80/2009-cjfs.
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The distribution channel structure significantly affects the distribution costs, and in the food industry the distribution costs have very often an important share on the total products cost. In the food industry, merger & acquisition conditions in the Czech Republic are the expected synergic effects. One of them is the cost saving following up from the redesign of the distribution system. On the case of a real project of the new mineral waters distribution system, the authors demonstrate their methodology and methods for the distribution system redesign, which integrates together the problem of the distribution object location with the distribution strategy choice and transport system design.
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Chang, Yun-Cih, Min-Fang Wei, and Yir-Hueih Luh. "Choice of Modern Food Distribution Channels and Its Welfare Effects: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060499.
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The determinants and/or economic effects of modern food distribution channels have attracted much attention in previous research. Studies on the welfare consequences of modern channel options, however, have been sparse. Based on a broader definition of modern food distribution channels including midstream processors and downstream retailers (supermarkets, hypermarkets, brand-named retailers), this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the distributional implications of farm households’ choice of modern food distribution channels using a large and unique farm household dataset in Taiwan. Making use of the two-step control function approach, we identify the effect of modern food distribution options on farm households’ profitability. The results reveal selling farm produce to modern food distributors does not produce a positive differential compared to the traditional outlets. Another dimension of farm household welfare affected by the choice of modern food distribution channel is income inequality. We apply the Lerman and Yitzhaki decomposition approach to gain a better understanding of the effect of the marketing channel option on the overall distribution of farm household income. The Gini decomposition of different income sources indicates that the choice of modern food distribution channels results in an inequality-equalizing effect among the farm households in Taiwan, suggesting the inclusion of smallholder farmers in the modern food distribution channels improves the overall welfare of the rural society.
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Lee, Kuan-Huei, and Timothy Jeonglyeol Lee. "Building Channel Strategies and Alliances in Food Distribution." Journal of Culinary Science & Technology 7, no. 2-3 (November 30, 2009): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428050903313424.
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Hutami, Rosy, Endrianur Rahman Zain, and Rico Fernando Theo. "SALURAN DISTRIBUSI PRODUK PANGAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH (PJAS) BERBASIS OLAHAN DAGING." JURNAL PERTANIAN 8, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v8i1.657.
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Saluran distribusi berperan dalam aktivitas logistik dari suatu produk pangan. Dalam tinjauan halal, aktivitas logistik erat kaitannya dengan status kehalalan pangan. Kehalalan pangan tidak hanya bergantung pada bahan baku yang digunakan, tetapi juga jaminan bebas kontaminasi dari bahan yang diharamkan sepanjang aliran produk dari titik asal produk hingga ke titik tempat dikonsumsinya produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui saluran distribusi dari produk pangan jajanan anak sekolah berbasis olahan daging berupa bakso, sosis, dan cireng isi daging di wilayah Bogor yang ditinjau dari perspektif kehalalan logistik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan wawancara menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, saluran distribusi yang digunakan pada pemasaran bakso, sosis, dan cireng isi daging berturut-turut adalah zero-level channel, three-level channel, dan four-level channel. Semakin panjang saluran distribusi, semakin banyak aktivitas logistik yang dilakukan, dan semakin besar potensi kontaminasi produk halal dengan bahan yang nonhalal.KATA KUNCI: level, logistik, halal, pemasaran, bakso, sosis, cireng isi daging; level, logistic, halal, marketing, meatball, sausage, fried tapioca-filled-with-meat DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL OF MEAT BASED SNACK THAT IS CONSUMED BY SCHOOL STUDENTSABSTRACTDistribution channels play role in logistic activity of food product. In halal perspective, distribution channels have a strong relation with halalness of food product. The halalness of food product does not only depend on the origin of material but also guarantee of non-halal material free contamination during the product flow from point of product origin to point of product to be consumed. The aim of this research was to define the distribution channel of snack that is consumed by school students in Bogor city including meatball, sausage, and fried tapioca-filled-with-meat related to halal logistic perspective. The method of this research was by interview using questionnaire. Sampling method was by purposive sampling. Based on the result, the distribution channels in meatballs marketing, sausage marketing, and fried tapioca-filled-with-meat marketing were zero-level channel, three-level channel, and four-level channels, respectively. A longer distribution channel makes a greater number of logistic activities and it has a bigger potency of contamination of non-halal material to the halal product.
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Sari, Ayu Intan, Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo, Shanti Emawati, Endang Tri Rahayu, Bayu Setya Hertanto, and Muhammad Abdul Haris. "EFISIENSI PEMASARAN MELALUI MINIMASI JALUR DISTRIBUSI SUSU SEGAR SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN MOJOSONGO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 32, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.15082.
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<p><em>Fresh milk is highly nutritious food because its contain substances that complete food. The high nutritional value of milk causes a media which is preferred by the microorganisms to grow and develop in a very short time become unfit milk consumed when handled incorrectly. Safety milk from contamination during the distribution process becomes very important because of a race against time. Considering the conditions on the farm people milk distribution process normally without treatment (cooling), so that the required distribution by the shortest route, the fastest time and low cost. This study aims to minimize lines and distribution costs of fresh milk as marketing efficiency efforts. The research location is taken purposively based on the consideration that the District Mojosongo has the second largest population of dairy cows in Boyolali. The analytical method used is the analysis of marketing costs, margins and profit marketing, marketing efficiency and Traveling Salesman Problem analysis to determine the shortest distance, fastest time and lowest cost. Fresh milk marketing channels used dairy producers in the district Mojosongo there are three channels following the channel I: Farmer to Consumer, Channel II: Farmers to Traders collector to Consumer and Channels III: Farmers to Traders collector to wholesaler to the milk processing industry. Channel I is the most efficient marketing channel because this channel sells directly from farmers to consumers. The most effective marketing channels using the Travelling Salesman Problem is the distribution channels II because this path has the shortest distance, fastest time to maintain the quality of fresh milk and cost efficiency.</em></p>
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Radović, Stojanka. "Innovative solution in the modeling of food distribution channels as a factor of successful organization of agricultural production." Poljoprivredna tehnika 45, no. 3 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2003038r.
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Profit maximization in the agricultural sector should go in the direction that will enable agricultural products to be marketed through a realistic distribution channel. This applies in particular to the distribution channel of the food supply. In addition, the food distribution system should focus on the dominant observation of the production of food produced inland. Food distribution should take into account market competition, distribution and logistics costs, the existence of unequal quantities of food shipments, etc. That is why it is of great importance to adopt realistic models that will appreciate modern innovative ways of logistics that will help real food distribution. In addition, up-to-date information and communication technologies should be respected to support such distribution approaches. This paper draws attention to the importance of implementing a possible new food distribution model based on an innovative approach.
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Giannico, Guillermo R., and Michael C. Healey. "Ideal free distribution theory as a tool to examine juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) habitat choice under different conditions of food abundance and cover." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-173.
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We investigated the mechanisms affecting habitat choice by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to the patchy distribution of food and cover. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) the distribution of juvenile coho, both between patches in a pool and between separate pools in a channel, corresponds numerically to the food input rate of those habitat patches as predicted by the "input-matching rule" of ideal free distribution (IFD) and (ii) the addition of instream cover, by increasing visual isolation among competitors, promotes input matching both within and between pools. We conducted our experimental work in artificial channels and we used two different types of cover, instream and overhead. In the absence of cover and with either no differences or relatively small differences in food abundance between patches, the spatial distribution of juvenile coho responded numerically to the input rate of food as predicted by the IFD. However, when differences in food abundance between patches were relatively large or cover was present, fish distributions consistently undermatched food input rate in the rich patch. Coho foraged in open patches away from cover within single pools but preferred pools with cover when choosing between separate pools. Several IFD models were used to examine the observed dispersion patterns.
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Charlebois, Sylvain, Julia Christensen Hughes, and Sebastian Hielm. "Corporate philanthropy and channel impact in food security." British Food Journal 117, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2013-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how corporate philanthropy influences channel behaviour in the context of food security. Design/methodology/approach – The authors chose an exploratory case-study design to guide the investigation, based on Yin’s (1994) argument that case studies are the preferred strategy when “how” or “why” questions are being posed, and when the focus is on a modern phenomenon within a real-life context. A survey study was focused on formal interviews onsite where product development and marketing occurred. Findings – It is known that the concepts of power and dependency are central to channel relationships. In food distribution, it has been argued that food distributors hold more power than food processors due to end-user proximity (Ruyter et al., 1996). For corporate altruism acts to have an impact when generated by functions other than distribution and retailing, one can only argue that channel members would require a significant number of antecedents to be successful. In Campbell’s case, as shown in Table I, many became enabling to a successful outcome while others arguably made the project more challenging. Research limitations/implications – With food security, the authors would need to consider other relationships within the marketing channel. The macro-environment of the marketing channel could also be incorporated in a future study. This study also does not compare other campaigns related to a similar product. In fact, it is believed that Nourish is unique in that it is the first ready-to-eat, ready-to-ship food product which was developed with the intent to serve the greater good. Practical implications – Philanthropic acts by one company can influence other channel members when intent is driven by clear altruistic and politically strategic motives, and reflects individualistic and paternalistic attitudes. Campbell’s was paternalistic but attempted to serve many causes at once. Committing to only one cause in the future may help consolidate resources and corporate energy around one single cause. Social implications – Corporate philanthropy describes the action when a corporation voluntarily donates a portion of its resources to a societal cause. Nourish’s case is different in that it is not just a linear transactional gift between a corporation and an organization actively involved in the cause. The project relies on the active participation of other channel members, including consumers, to support the campaign led by Campbell’s. It was a form of an extendable altruistic venture which allowed all channel members to contribute to the cause. Originality/value – Food processors that want to address the issue of food security or any other societal causes, domestically or abroad, will not cease. The challenge for food processors lies in the functional nature of their role within marketing channels. Since they do not transact with consumers directly, they depend on distributors and retailers to relay their philanthropic convictions to consumers. Based on the Nourish case, this study set out a series of antecedents which would support similar initiatives.
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Panday, Rorim, Ayuna Suci Hartati, and Dovina Navanti. "Queue Systems Evaluation of Fast food Industrial." INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis dan Manajemen Indonesia 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v3i1.117.
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The queuing system can influent customer satisfaction and always interesting to analyze. The queuing at HokBen use a Single Channel Multi-Phase system, 1 service to offer and prepare order menus and 1 cashier. The study was conducted at the Hokben Ujung Menteng Store in East Jakarta, for one week, at 4 sessions during rush hour. After the data obtained, a Single Channel Multi-Phase queue parameter was calculated, namely: the average arrival per unit time, the average service unity of time, the level of server usage, the number of customers in the queue, the number of customers in the system, the waiting time in the queue, the waiting time in the system, and customer probabilities in the system. The result showed that the customer's arrival pattern meets the Poison distribution and the service pattern meets the Normal distribution, but the service time still greater than the standard service time, and of course not satisfy to customers, because they waited a bit longer. After a multi-channel multiphase simulation, which used 2 service lines, the service time smaller than the standard service time, and service more efficient. This research becomes useful for Hokben management specifically, and also for the fast-food industry in general.
Keywords: Queue, Single channel single-phase, multi-channel multi-phase
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OCKERMAN, H. W., and B. BOESEL. "Evaluation of a Comminuted Meat Product Containing a Solid Metal Contaminant1." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.1.14.
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Frankfurters containing a solid metal object (nail) were subjectively evaluated on the basis of emulsion color change adjacent to the metal, insertion channel development, and molding of the meat around the object. Frankfurters contaminated during the processing phase of production, whether boiled or not boiled, showed significantly greater color change than did frankfurters contaminated during the distribution or consumer phase. However, these same frankfurters had significantly less distinct insertion channels. No channel could be observed in frankfurters which were contaminated before processing and before cooking/smoking. Molding of the meat around the object did not provide distinguishable evidence for time of insertion.
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Arnautović, Ivan, Maja Jokić, Bogdan Laban, Dragana Popović, Slobodan Popović, and Sanda Nastić. "The importance of introducing a direct food distribution manufactured by agricultural production in a single economy." Poljoprivredna tehnika 45, no. 4 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2004001a.
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The agricultural sector should be organized in such a way that agricultural products that create highways in the form of production and sale of food should be supplied through direct food supply distribution chains. In addition, the food distribution system should target food produced and sold locally, which has gained increasing importance over the last three decades. Thus, agrarian observation enables fierce market competition, high distribution and logistics costs, as well as small individual size of shipments, etc. Using agricultural business modeling and design approaches requires new aspects of innovative logistics and modern information and communication technologies. All this makes it possible to evaluate and evaluate different ways of distributing food. This paper draws attention to the importance of the direct model as a channel of distribution and access in the organization of agriculture as an activity. After that, it is possible to make precise analyzes that can be used to refine the model of business processes with the formation of various ways of food distribution.
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Riyadh, Muhammad Ilham. "ANALISIS SALURAN PEMASARAN KOMODITAS PANGAN (BERAS, JAGUNG, BAWANG, CABAI DAN DAGING SAPI) DI SUMATERA UTARA." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v9i2.1075.
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AbstractLess availability food, and lame path distribution from producer to consumers . show that system production and system distribution some food disturbed because quality means and infrastructure transport many broken So the increase price at the level consumer far more big compared with increase price at the producer level . the objectives reviewed, 1) : For to know commodity supply channels food 2) For knowing efficient system commerce on channel system commerce . 3) For knowing Policy system commerce commodities food . the Research do at five district namely : district Simalungun , Karo , Dairi ,Tapanuli and North Langkat . Analytical method with marketing margin analysis , farmer's share, and B/C ratio. The channel length a suggestion would be to improve the high price disparities that can be detrimental to farmers and consumers, high disparity rice commodity experienced a 132%, the ratio of red chili commodity farmers gain the highest 45.31%. Farmer share highest commodity of red chilli 89 % . In order to regulate the food commodity trade in North Sumatera, the following policies are needed : 1) to provide guidance and assistance to farmers for the empowerment of farmer groups; 2) development of production and market information system and the law on food commodity trading to maintain price stability; 3) improve coordination and synergy of farmers and enterprises to handle production, post-harvest, marketing and credit development of food commodity development .
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Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Edward Majewski, Adam Wąs, Svein Ole Borgen, Peter Csillag, Michele Donati, Richard Freeman, et al. "Measuring the Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability of Short Food Supply Chains." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154004.
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The production and distribution of food are among the hot topics debated in the context of sustainable development. Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are now widely believed to be more sustainable in comparison to mass food delivery systems. To date, very little quantitative evidence exists on the impacts of various types of food supply chains. Using a cross-sectional quantitative approach, this study assesses the sustainability of distribution channels in short and long food supply chains based on 208 food producers across seven countries: France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Ten distribution channel types are used in this study. To provide a comprehensive sustainability assessment, a set of economic, social, and environmental indicators are applied. Indicators commonly used in the literature are used, supported by original indicators constructed specifically for the present study. In total, 486 chains are examined and the study confirms that individual producers participate simultaneously in several, short and long chains. Participation in SFSCs is beneficial for producers from an economic perspective. SFSCs allow producers to capture a large proportion of margin otherwise absorbed by different intermediaries. It appears, however, that ’longer’ supply channels generate lower environmental impacts per unit of production when measured in terms of food miles and carbon footprint. Finally, ambiguous results are found regarding social dimension, with significant differences across types of chains.
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Smoluk-Sikorska, Joanna. "SALES CHANNELS FROM ORGANIC FOOD PROCESSING COMPANIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (October 17, 2019): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5366.
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The objective of the paper is identifying the main organic food sales channels from processing companies and attempting to determine their influence on organic food processing. Recently, the dynamic development of organic farming and its market has been observed. Nevertheless, the elements of this market show a number of weaknesses. One of the weakest links of the studied market is the processing of organic food, which bears a high transaction cost resulting from, among others, low distribution development. The paper presents the results of an inquiry research carried out in the first half of 2019 on 55 organic food processors. Conducted research shows that the production structure of the examined companies, mainly focused on fruit, vegetable and cereal products, is only partly adjusted to consumer expectations, who increasingly prefer organic dairy and meat. The main distribution channel is sales to small retail outlets. Wholesale trade came second, although still too underdeveloped, to assure effective products flow from processors to retail. More than half of the studied processors sell their products abroad, mainly to EU countries, North America and Asia. However, it is low-processed products, which are mostly exported. This is an unfavourable phenomenon from a value-added generating perspective.
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Wojcieszak-Zbierska, Monika, and Małgorzata Bogusz. "DIRECT SALES AS AN EXAMPLE OF A DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL WITHIN THE MAŁOPOLSKIE REGION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7578.
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The purpose of the study was to attempt to present examples of projects related to direct sales within the Małopolskie Province aimed at selling and promoting certified organic products. Direct sales are one of the best forms of a distribution channel between a food producer and a consumer. Direct contact gives measurable benefits on both sides of this chain, fosters raising the quality of offered products and ecological awareness among consumers. The offer proposed by producers often includes certified organic products. The Małopolskie Province is characterised by high agricultural fragmentation. In order to survive on the market, small farms change the profile of their farms, often to organic plant production. Growing awareness of customers with regard to ecology causes producers to strive to certify their farms. This is certainly connected with quality and food security. The analysis covered two types of projects that are characterised by an innovative approach: the Odrolnika.pl project and Targ Pietruszkowy (Parsley Market) in Cracow. The research tool was an interview questionnaire, and the research method was a case study. The research was conducted among the leaders of both projects in 2018. The Odrolnika.pl project and Targ Pietruszkowy in Cracow are very good examples of direct sales and the promotion of certified organic food with the simultaneous familiarisation of customers with the values of such products. This is possible due to direct contacts of food producers with consumers.
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Hossain, MM, MN Hassan, UJ Lithi, and AAKM Nowsad. "Quality deterioration of wet fish caught in Mymensingh farm in different steps of distribution channel towards Dhaka." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2013): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14926.
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The fish landed for domestic consumption suffers from serious post harvest loss due to ignorance and negligence of the people involved in the harvest, distribution, processing and trade. Low quality fish is a constraint for food security and public health and is a cause for economic loss. The present study was carried out to identify the cause and to quantify the post harvest loss by a sensory tool. Quality deterioration of some major inland species of wet fish was determined at different steps of distribution channel from the fish farm gate of Mymensingh to Dhaka retail markets in June and July 2010. Five distribution channels i.e. farm gate, transport, arot (commission agent), wholesale and retail markets were studied to find out the deterioration level of the quality of fish. Data were collected by travelling with fish and from the stakeholders in distribution channel through questionnaire interviews. In the distribution channel of wet fish RRA and SWOT analysis were done with fish farmer, arotder, transporter, wholesaler and retailer. The major species studied were Indian major carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhina mrigala), pangas (Pagasius sutchi), silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) and tilapia (Oriochromis niloticus). Different species showed different levels of deterioration of quality at various steps of distribution channels. The quality of fish was found to be changed in between arot and retail market. Inadequate knowledge and practice in handling, icing and container use were found to be the major bottlenecks to keep the fish in acceptable quality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14926 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 331-337, 2012
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Serena, M., M. Worley, M. Swinnerton, and G. A. Williams. "Effect of food availability and habitat on the distribution of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) foraging activity." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 3 (2001): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00089.
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While the diet of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is known to include a wide range of benthic macro-invertebrates, little is known about how the animals distribute their feeding behaviour along a waterway. This radio-tracking study aimed to determine whether the spatial distribution of platypus foraging activity varied in relation to habitat attributes and/or the amount of food present along a southern Victorian stream. Five O. anatinus were tracked nocturnally for a total of nearly 95 h in March and April 2000. Attributes of the channel and bank were described both in the area used by the animals and adjoining unused sections of stream, and macro-invertebrates were sampled quantitatively in six substrates that varied in abundance in the used and unused areas. Eleven habitat variables showed a significant positive relationship with the occurrence of platypus activity (including the number of medium and large Eucalyptus, Acacia and Populus trees growing along the bank; presence of gravel, pebbles, cobbles, large rocks and coarse particulate organic matter in the channel substrate; amount of riffle habitat; amount of large woody debris in the channel; and amount of undercut banks). Six habitat variables showed a significant negative relationship with platypus activity (including the number of medium and large Salix trees growing along the bank; the presence of silt, solid clay and Salix roots in the channel substrate; the amount of pool habitat; and the maximum channel depth). Substrates that were relatively abundant in the area used by O. anatinus (gravel/pebbles, Eucalyptus litter, Populus litter) did not consistently support more macro-invertebrates than substrates that dominated the unused area (silt, Salix roots, Salix litter). This may reflect the fact that the platypus population was not food-limited (and hence not under pressure to optimise foraging) at the time of the study, that platypus feeding patterns were influenced by habitat features that were not considered in relation to invertebrate abundance, or that the choice of foraging areas by O. anatinus may be influenced by factors other than the total abundance of food items, e.g. the nutritional quality and/or accessibility of prey.
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Walsh, Julie Ann, and Angela Wright. "Consumer Understanding of Nutritional Supplements: An Irish Context." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 1 (January 22, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i1.8912.
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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Nutritional Supplements have been available in Ireland for over thirty years. Originally available in health food stores only, supplements now have several distribution channels including pharmacy, practitioner, and online. Recommendations for consumption can come from many sources including general physicians, alternative practitioners, dieticians and nutritionists. The demand for Nutritional Supplements has increased over the years, and the industry has expanded exponentially. Nutritional Supplements provide an important opportunity to optimize illness prevention. As scientists and health professionals start to understand the value of Nutritional Supplements in terms of the prevention and treatment of disease, consumers follow suit. Market growth of Nutritional Supplements is reliant both on market positioning and the distribution strategies and channels chosen by the industry. The success or failure is dependent on how effectively and efficiently their products are sold through marketing channel members (e.g., agents, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers). </span></p><p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">An examination of the distribution channel most appropriate to the purchase of Nutritional Supplements, and advice on their consumption has never been investigated in Ireland to date; hence, this research will be applicable to those involved in this specific industry. </span></p><p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">A mixed method research approach was undertaken in this study to enable a thorough overview of the industry as it currently stands in Ireland. This research examines the quality of education of those who are distributing, retailing and/or recommending Nutritional Supplements. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve participants working within the Nutritional Supplement sector. This research also examines the thoughts of the consumer, relative to preferred distribution channels and who they deem most appropriate as advisors of Nutritional Supplements in Ireland. This was executed through a quantitative process and the consumer data was collated via an online survey. </span></p><p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">A key finding of this study is that those who are considered best qualified for consultation (general practitioner, dietician and pharmacist), are actually not qualified enough to distribute Nutritional Supplement advice. Health food stores are the preferred distribution channel by consumers; however, Health store workers are not recognised as the most trustworthy for advice. This research will benefit those involved in the manufacture and distribution of Nutritional Supplements in Ireland. </span></p>
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He, Jiangpeng, Runyu Mao, Zeman Shao, Janine L. Wright, Deborah A. Kerr, Carol J. Boushey, and Fengqing Zhu. "An End-to-End Food Image Analysis System." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 8 (January 18, 2021): 285–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.8.imawm-285.
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Modern deep learning techniques have enabled advances in image-based dietary assessment such as food recognition and food portion size estimation. Valuable information on the types of foods and the amount consumed are crucial for prevention of many chronic diseases. However, existing methods for automated image-based food analysis are neither end-to-end nor are capable of processing multiple tasks (e.g., recognition and portion estimation) together, making it difficult to apply to real life applications. In this paper, we propose an image-based food analysis framework that integrates food localization, classification and portion size estimation. Our proposed framework is end-to-end, i.e., the input can be an arbitrary food image containing multiple food items and our system can localize each single food item with its corresponding predicted food type and portion size. We also improve the single food portion estimation by consolidating localization results with a food energy distribution map obtained by conditional GAN to generate a four-channel RGB-Distribution image. Our end-to-end framework is evaluated on a real life food image dataset collected from a nutrition feeding study.
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Ruauw, Eyverson. "KAJIAN DISTRIBUSI PANGAN POKOK BERAS DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 11, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.11.1.2015.7342.
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This study aims to determine the various models of distribution channels / staple food marketing and analyze the performance of the market of each channel of distribution / marketing of staple food to the people in Talaud Islands District. Primary data were obtained through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews (depth) by using a list of questions (questionnaire) which had been prepared in advance to the institutions of marketing / distribution of food. Determination of the respondents in this study was conducted with a purposive sampling method and method snowbow of respondents key (key Pearson) of any marketing agencies. The results showed that the distribution of milled rice in the District of Talaud Islands only one pattern involving several marketing agencies, namely the village traders, wholesalers and retailers of Manado city in town Lirung Talaud Islands, while for rice packaging of Surabaya, the distribution includes agencies marketing Mananado local distributor, wholesaler in the city of Manado and retailers in town Lirung Talaud Islands. Also the results of the study showed that the total marketing margin is formed on the pattern of distribution channels milled rice food staples in Talaud Islands amounted to Rp2.500,00 per kg, with a total marketing costs amounted to Rp413 per kg, while for rice packaging, total marketing margin formed on the pattern of distribution channels staple food rice krmasan in District Talaud Islands is Rp 3.500,00 per kg, with a total marketing costs Rp454 per kg. The amount of the farmer's share of the milled rice marketing in District of Talaud Islands amounted to 73.68%, where the farm-gate price of Rp7,000 per kg and prices at the consumer level of Rp9,500 per kg. The ratio of cost advantages in marketing agency traders village is very large compared to the traders in the city of Manado and retailers in the City Lirung. Cost benefit ratio was lowest in the large trader marketing agencies in the city of Manado.
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Mariyono, Joko, Jaka Waskito, Apri Kuntariningsih, Gunistiyo Gunistiyo, and Sumarno Sumarno. "Distribution channels of vegetable industry in Indonesia: impact on business performance." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 963–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-11-2018-0382.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the distribution channels of vegetable sectors in Indonesia, its economic impact on the performance of vegetable sales and the factors affecting marketing channels selected by producers. Design/methodology/approach The study employed qualitative and quantitative methods. A market survey was qualitatively conducted at producer, intermediary, wholesaler, hotel and food processing company as well as retailer levels. Producer survey was quantitatively conducted at the farm level, by interviewing 556 randomly selected farm households. Structural equation modelling was employed to accomplish the objectives of the study. Findings Marketing channels for vegetables in Indonesia was complex and relatively long. Farmers decided to select particular channels because of business circumstance and their knowledge. Distance and gentleman’s agreement with traders limited farmers to choose the desirable marketing channel. Marketing channels affect business performance in terms of high sales and profit. Research limitations/implications This study only pays attention to the supply side of vegetables. The effect of marketing channels also encumbers the consumers, which are beyond this study. Other studies are expected to highlight the consumer side. Originality/value This study focused on smallholder agribusiness players. This study uses two surveys as data sources: market survey and producer survey. The market survey serves as vital information to design producer surveys.
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Jamil, Ahmad Syariful, and Netti Tinaprilla. "PEMASARAN GARAM RAKYAT (Studi Kasus Desa Lembung, Kecamatan Galis, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Jawa Timur)." Forum Agribisnis 5, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.5.2.121-138.
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Salt is a strategic and high economic valued commodity because it is needed in every human food as a main raw material. The purpose of this research was to analyze marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of farmer salt commodity and to analyze the efficiency of farmer salt marketing in anymarketing channel using marketing margin, farmer’s share and benefit cost ratio approach. The research showed that there were main channels, the formation of which was based on the starting point of the distribution with different institutions, functions and market structure in each channel. The result of operational efficiency analysis indicator and qualitative indicator showed that all marketing channels were inefficient. This was due to the fact that farmers had a role as a price taker and price fixing tended to be unfair because farmer had a weak bargaining power. Thus, goverment role was hoped to change farmers‘roles and improve the presence of farmer groups to increase farmer prosperity.
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Kush, Yevhen, Maksym Tonkoshkur, Kateryna Vakulenko, Anton Ryabev, Natalia Davidich, and Andrii Galkin. "The efficiency of food supply chain engineering (case study in Ukraine)." Archives of Transport 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4222.
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The basic conceptual idea of logistics is the need to adapt the company to an ever-changing market situation, while spending a minimum of funds in these conditions. The concept of logistics is a system of views on the rationalization of economic activity by optimizing material flows. The paper investigates the change of the main indicators of the functioning of the supply chain, depending on the organization of distribution of the material flow. The supply systems of food products that form the consumer basket at the stage of distribution is considered. The conceptual schemes of freight flow distribution with and without distribution center is presented. The field research was conducted to determine and initial data were collected. The paper investigate the functioning of the supply chain in two cases: in a situation "proposed scenario" and in a situation "without a project". The situation "existing scenario" implies that no action to change the parameters of the supply chain during the period specified for the research does not take place. In this case, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the logistics chain under existing conditions. An integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of the functioning of the logistics system and the consumer had been used. The efficiency of existing of the supply chain functioning were analysed. Also, certain measures will be implemented to improve the chain through investments and by bringing logistics infrastructure with the needs. A modelling of the supply chain was made. The effect of parameters of participants on the supply chain efficiency was analysed. The planned effect from the reorganization of distribution channels is calculated. The technological and economic feasibility of introducing a distribution center into the existing distribution channel based on modeling is calculated. The object of the research is the process of food products distribution in the supply chain. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the food supply chain scheme.
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Broughton, Paul L. "Salt tectonism and distribution of brackish-water trace fossils in the Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta Foreland Basin." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 12 (December 2018): 1354–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0030.
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A proposed salt tectonism-saline seep model provides a novel alternative to the two widely accepted but irreconcilable depositional models for middle McMurray Formation strata of the Lower Cretaceous Athabasca Oil Sands deposit. Established interpretations of a fluvial axial channel belt along the eastern Alberta Foreland Basin contrast with a hundreds-of-kilometres long estuarine marine–fluvial transition zone setting that was characterized by brackish-water trace fossil laden beds. The architecture of a highly sinuous fluvial meander channel belt with bank-full depths of 30–40 m furthermore is not compatible with an estuary having a tens-of-metres thick salt wedge extending hundreds-of-kilometres upstream. This new model proposes that the removal of the underlying 100 m thick Middle Devonian salt section occurred across thousands of square kilometres and resulted in voluminous saline seeps up-section into river channel fills of the middle McMurray Formation. Southward transgression by a Boreal Sea tongue terminated fluvial lower McMurray Formation deposition, and transported brackish-water larvae inland along the tide-impacted backwater length. This zoology was sustained along the fluvial channel belt by the saline seeps that elevated salinity levels in channel muds as the fluvial system dominance reasserted. Brackish-water macroinvertebrates rapidly adapted to new terrestrial food sources in these fluvial channels, precluding the necessity for a salt wedge to have extended inland for hundreds of kilometres. This research presents the first quantitative analysis of the McMurray Formation trace fossil distribution patterns. Quaternary saline surface seep trends are proposed to represent intermittent seepage up-section since the Early Cretaceous.
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Smith, Michael D., and Dennis Wesselbaum. "COVID-19, Food Insecurity, and Migration." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 11 (August 25, 2020): 2855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa270.
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ABSTRACT In this policy piece, we investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–food-insecurity migration channel and develop a policy agenda. The interaction between COVID-19 and the drop in economic activity will lead to increased food insecurity within and across countries. Higher food insecurity may act as a multiplier for the epidemic due to its negative health effects and increased migration. Research has shown that food insecurity affects within-country and cross-border migration. Besides the mean prevalence rate, the distribution of food insecurity affects the migration decision. The impacts of COVID-19 are particularly strong for people in the lower tail of the food-insecurity distribution. In the current context, the effect of food insecurity therefore could be increased migration, including both rural–urban migration and international migration. Importantly, the crisis might lead to a structural break in migration patterns. People might avoid heavily affected COVID-19 destination countries (e.g., United States, Italy, or Spain) and move to other countries. Due to the persistent nature of migration flows, this could have long-lasting effects.
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Muslimah, Siti, Evy Maharani, and Susy Edwina. "ANALISIS EFISIENSI PEMASARAN DAN MUTU GULA AREN DI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 33, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(3).3837.
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Palm sugar is a product derived from palm juice water treatment are already known by the general public. Palm sugar can be used as processed food ingredients, can be used as a medicine and can be used as business venture opportunities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of marketing efficiency and recognize quality palm sugar according to retailers and end customers in Kuantan Singingi. The study was conducted in April-December 2016. The research method used survey method and sampling craftsmen census method as many as 11 respondents. The results showed that the marketing channel there is two palm sugar Custom-retailer-consumer end; Craftsmen palm sugar-end consumers. Value marketing efficiency on the channel I was 10.79% and the efficiency of marketing channels II is 8.80%. Palm sugar marketing more efficient channel of distribution II because the process is shorter than the first channel and marketing channel II was able to spend with low. Description of quality of palm sugar by craftsmen, retailers and end customers meets the criteria that can be seen from the National Quality Standards, namely: the color "brown" aroma "typical" flavor "very sweet" and form "round concave.
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Dant, Rajiv P., and Patrick L. Schul. "Conflict Resolution Processes in Contractual Channels of Distribution." Journal of Marketing 56, no. 1 (January 1992): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600105.
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On the basis of power theory, theory of relational exchange, and related literature from the fields of organizational behavior, political science, and communications, a set of hypotheses are derived to predict the choice of the four archetypal conflict resolution strategies proposed by March and Simon. Specifically, the contingent impacts of issue characteristics, dependency, and the emergent sentiments of relationalism on this choice behavior are evaluated empirically within the franchised channel of fast food restaurants. The results reveal a high overall incidence of the integrative problem-solving approach, but a preference for third-party intervention when the disputed issues involve high stakes, complexity, and policy connotations and when the franchisee dependency is rated high.
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Mursalat, Aksal, Ayu Wulandary, and Fitriani R. "IDENTIFICATION OF PARTNERSHIP PATTERNS AND RICE DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS AS THE MAIN COMMODITY IN SIDENRENG RAPPANG DISTRICT." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 20, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2020.20.4.3.
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Sidenreng Rappang Regency is one of the rice providers in South Sulawesi Province in supporting food self-sufficiency in Indonesia. However, there are several problems faced by farmers in Sidenreng Rappang Regency, namely farmers have not been able to optimize their production results due to limited information in determining selling prices, while through a partnership pattern it makes it easier for farmers to obtain information about marketing and other problems, namely the length of distribution channels experienced by farmers. causing the selling price of rice to be classified as very low. The purpose of this research is to identify or study the partnership patterns and distribution channels that have been carried out by rice farmers in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This research was conducted in Sidenreng Rappang Regency which took place in May-August 2020. The method used was observation and interviews involving 10 rice farmer respondents, then the data were analyzed to determine the implementation of the partnership pattern in the form of a descriptive method and to detect the distribution pattern of rice commodities. Based on the results of the research, the partnership pattern in the rice distribution channel in Sidenreng Rappang Regency is included in the category of general trading patterns, namely by marketing unhulled grain products to rice milling companies through intermediary traders. The implementation of the rice distribution channel system begins with farmers - collectors - rice milling companies, then distributed to two business actors, namely large companies and retailers to the final level to consumers.
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Rodriguez Santos, Carmen, and Miguel Cervantes Blanco. "THE INTERNET AS AN ALTERNATIVE DISTRIBUTION AND COMMUNICATION CHANNEL FOR SMES PRODUCING QUALITY AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS." aDResearch ESIC International Journal of Communication Research 003, no. 003 (January 1, 2011): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7263/adresic-003-05.
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서영택, 강상훈, 박형문, and 서정옥. "A Study on the Influence and Conflict and Satisfaction of Korea Food Nutrition Industry Distribution Channel." Journal of Eurasian Studies 7, no. 4 (December 2010): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31203/aepa.2010.7.4.011.
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Wang, Cuncai, Zhiqin Li, and Juanjuan Ma. "Influence of Emitter Structure on Its Hydraulic Performance Based on the Vortex." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060508.
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The rectangular labyrinth emitter is taken as the study object in this article, as we added internal teeth to vortex-free and vortex areas in its lateral channel or lengthened the vertical channel, to change the channel structure. Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method simulates the water flow field, to get the relationship between flow rate and pressure, and the vortexes distribution in channel. The aim of this study is to explore the reasons for the influence of structural change on hydraulic performance of the emitter through the analysis of vortex intensity and its distribution from the perspective of the vortex. The results show that the relative error of simulated results and experimental data was 1.02–2.11%. Adding internal teeth to vortex-free areas in lateral channel can improve hydraulic performance of the emitter; adding them to vortex areas can reduce it. The increase in vortex number and intensity in flow field is the internal reason for the improvement of the emitter’s hydraulic performance. The channel structure changes promote the formation of a larger velocity gradient, and the increase in the velocity gradient in flow field exacerbates vortex formation. Changing channel structure to improve the emitter’s hydraulic performance can promote an increase in the number and intensity of vortexes in the channel.
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Varchenko, O. M., I. Gerasimenko, A. Dmytryk, and N. Vernyuk. "Features of formation of distribution marketing channels of agricultural production of personal peasant economy (PF)." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1(162) (April 22, 2021): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2021-162-1-198-212.
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The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of marketing channels for the distribution of agricultural products PF and identifies strategic directions for their development. The urgency of studying this issue is due to ambiguity in the development of sales activities of PF, on the one hand, their role in shaping the supply of agricultural products, and on the other - complicated sales process and lack of appropriate distribution infrastructure, which does not contribute to their effective development. It is proved that the absence of a single conceptual apparatus for the definition of the distribution channel and the composition of its functions significantly complicates the interaction of scientific developments and practical approaches to the organization of distribution of agricultural products. It is reasonable to consider under the marketing channel an orderly sequence of organizations that perform one or more functions necessary to ensure the ability to purchase products by the end consumer in a convenient place, time, in the required quantity and quality at minimal cost. The main difficulties in organizing the supply of agricultural products PF on the basis of a survey of rural households, including the following: lack of planning in production and marketing activities, episodic and spontaneous trade, its toning, lack of long-term cooperation with processing enterprises, lack of civilized infrastructure and distribution. The peculiarities of the functioning of the main channels of distribution of agricultural products of PF - trade and intermediary structures, retail and food markets, places of spontaneous trade, dairy and meat processing enterprises, procurement organizations are highlighted. The main difficulties in the development of economic relations of farms with processing enterprises and procurement organizations are substantiated: low prices, lack of partnerships that would provide "supplier development", not an objective definition of quality, and so on. In order to support targeted sales activities by peasant households, tools have been proposed to stimulate the development of sales marketing cooperatives, local wholesale and distribution centers with units for the organization of agricultural products from PF and to establish scientific and advisory support for business-type sales activities. higher agricultural education and a network of regional research centers. Key words: marketing distribution channels, personal peasant economy, agricultural products, elements of distribution infrastructure.
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Praswati, Aflit Nuryulia. "Supply Chain of Vegetable Commodities in Boyolali, Central Java." JSSH (Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Humaniora) 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v2i1.2069.
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Vegetables are an important commodity for a country. Vegetable prices contribute to the inflation rate in some regions of Indonesia. Inflation and deflation are inseparable from the type of food and vegetable groups because the majority of the population have jobs as vegetable farmers. SeloBoyolali is a vegetable producing area, but currently it can not meet the needs of its own region. Supply of vegetables began to decrease due to pests and vegetable turnover into tobacco. If the delivery of vegetables is hampered there will be a scarcity of vegetables that result in price increases. The length of the distribution channel has a negative impact, namely the price of commodities set by the middlemen or traders who distribute vegetables from the producers. So sometimes local farmers do not have bargaining power on the price determination of vegetables. This study aims to analyze the pattern of price formation and vegetable distribution in Boyolali. The analytical framework used in this research is supply chain management framework. The method used in this research is quantitative and qualitative. Respondents from this study were 101 people. Farmers in the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu such as the villages of Selo, Cepogo, Ampel, and Musuk. These villages became the basis of vegetable production sufficient for Boyolali area and became the main supplier of vegetables in Soloraya and Yogyakarta. Modern channels are traders who channel the modern market such as supermarkets, supermarkets and other modern shops. In this channel, only goods that have the best quality and the price can be 2-5 times the price in the traditional market. Traditional channels are traders who are in the traditional market, in this channel the incoming goods are not limited and all kinds of goods can enter with all the existing quality from best to worst mixed here. However, the prices that apply here are also not as high as the modern market. Mixed channels are widely used by middlemen or farmers. Here the goods that have good quality are separated and then sold to the modern market in hopes of getting more profit. While the goods with the second quality go to the traditional distribution channels are cheaper. At this level the price of vegetables is strongly influenced by the quality of vegetables, the amount of vegetable availability and the amount of vegetable demand itself.
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Knight, John G., David K. Holdsworth, and Damien W. Mather. "Country-of-origin and choice of food imports: an in-depth study of European distribution channel gatekeepers." Journal of International Business Studies 38, no. 1 (January 2007): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400250.
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Szentesi, Szabolcs, Béla Illés, Ákos Cservenák, Róbert Skapinyecz, and Péter Tamás. "Multi-Level Optimization Process for Rationalizing the Distribution Logistics Process of Companies Selling Dietary Supplements." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091480.
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The commission sales form is a very significant channel of sales today, which is especially true in the field of dietary supplements. In parallel, the prevailing digitalization trends have opened up further new opportunities for this form of distribution. The multi-level optimization process presented in the publication makes it possible to optimize the distribution logistics processes of companies producing food supplements at a high level by exploiting these new possibilities. The operation of the procedure is also illustrated through a practical example.
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Lestari, Cici, and Rianita Puspa Sari. "Optimalisasi Waktu Produksi, Jumlah Produksi, Dan Jalur Distribusi Pada Oulet Lazatto di Karawang." Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri 23, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsti.v23i1.4908.
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The development of the food and beverage business is still recorded as a number of high developments in this world, the types of food and beverage in various forms have increased because food is one of the basic needs that must be met. Lazatto is a food industry that is engaged in various fields of fast food restaurants by producing processed chicken. The problems that occur at Lazatto are the inability to maximize the amount of chicken production, optimize the production time for employees, and the distribution channel to determine the shortest route to utilize raw materials. The purpose of this research is to analyze the optimization of working time using the Hungarian method or assignment, the amount of production using the Branch and Bound method, and the distribution line using the Minimum Spanning Tree method. The results showed that the optimal working time is 83 minutes or 1 hour 23 minutes / one time production, the amount of production in one production is 23 pieces with a combination of 5 pieces of geprek chicken, 4 pieces of sadas chicken, and 14 pieces of fried chicken, with The optimal total distance for the distribution of raw materials is 137.6 km.
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Becraft, Eric D., Frederick M. Cohan, Michael Kühl, Sheila I. Jensen, and David M. Ward. "Fine-Scale Distribution Patterns of Synechococcus Ecological Diversity in Microbial Mats of Mushroom Spring, Yellowstone National Park." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 21 (September 2, 2011): 7689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05927-11.
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ABSTRACTPast analyses of sequence diversity in high-resolution protein-encoding genes have identified putative ecological species of unicellular cyanobacteria in the genusSynechococcus, which are specialized to 60°C but not 65°C in Mushroom Spring microbial mats. Because these studies were limited to only two habitats, we studied the distribution ofSynechococcussequence variants at 1°C intervals along the effluent flow channel and at 80-μm vertical-depth intervals throughout the upper photic layer of the microbial mat. Diversity at thepsaAlocus, which encodes a photosynthetic reaction center protein (PsaA), was sampled by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing methods at 60, 63, and 65°C sites. The evolutionary simulation programs Ecotype Simulation and AdaptML were used to identify putative ecologically distinct populations (ecotypes). Ecotype Simulation predicted a higher number of putative ecotypes in cases where habitat variation was limited, while AdaptML predicted a higher number of ecologically distinct phylogenetic clades in cases where habitat variation was high. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to track the distribution of dominant sequence variants of ecotype populations relative to temperature variation and to O2, pH, and spectral irradiance variation, as measured using microsensors. Different distributions along effluent channel flow and vertical gradients, where temperature, light, and O2concentrations are known to vary, confirmed the ecological distinctness of putative ecotypes.
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PANDEY, S. K., and DHARMENDRA TRIPATHI. "PERISTALTIC TRANSPORT OF A CASSON FLUID IN A FINITE CHANNEL: APPLICATION TO FLOWS OF CONCENTRATED FLUIDS IN OESOPHAGUS." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 04 (December 2010): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524510001100.
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This model is targeted to study the swallowing of peristaltically driven food stuff such as jelly, tomato puree, soup, concentrated fruit juices and honey in the aboral direction confined to an oesophagus by modeling it as finite channel. Considering such highly concentrated fluids as Casson fluid in the fully stretched activated state, the dependence of pressure on space and time has been investigated for time averaged flow rate. Pressure distribution has been studied along the oesophageal length for an integral and also a non-integral number of waves at different time instants. Local wall shear stress and the role of yield stress have also been the areas of investigation. Mechanical efficiency of oesophageal pump during the Casson food transportation has been obtained. Reflux limit of perstaltically driven flow of Casson food bolus has also been discussed. The effect of Casson food bolus vis-à-vis Newtonian food bolus has been compared analytically, numerically and computationally from investigation point of view. It is observed that the pressure distribution is even and uneven respectively for the case of integral and non-integral number of waves. It is also concluded that it is not as easy to swallow Casson fluids (such as concentrated jelly, honey, soup, juice, etc.) as Newtonian fluids (such as water). As plug flow region widens, the pressure difference increases, indicating thereby that the averaged flow rate will be less for a Casson fluid. Physically, the oesophagus works more to swallow fluids with high concentration. It is also inferred that such fluids are more prone to reflux.
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Knight, John G., Damien W. Mather, and David K. Holdsworth. "Genetically modified crops and country image of food exporting countries." British Food Journal 107, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700510615035.
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PurposeMany countries have held back from planting genetically modified (GM) food crops due to perceived negative reaction in export and domestic markets. Three lines of research have tested the reality of this fear.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews were conducted in European countries with key companies and organisations in the European food sector. Supermarket intercepts were used to ascertain purchasing intent for products from countries that do or do not produce GM crops. A purchasing experiment was conducted, where cherries labelled as GM, organic or conventional were on sale in a roadside stall.FindingsFood distribution channel members expressed concern about possibility of contamination or mix‐up between GM and non‐GM food. However, presence of GM crops in a country does not cause negative perception of food in general from that country. Approximately 30 per cent of consumers in the purchasing experiment proved willing to purchase GM cherries when there was a defined consumer benefit – either lower price or spray‐free.Practical implicationsCountries that have not yet planted GM food crops need to be cautious about possible negative impacts on channel member perceptions of non‐GM versions of the same crop from the same country. However, planting GM crops does not appear likely to damage the overall reputation of a food‐supplying country. GM applications in non‐food areas seem unlikely to damage perceptions of country image in relation to supply of food products from that country.Originality/valueProvides useful information for those planning to plant GM food crops.
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White, Shannon L., Devin A. DeMario, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Vicki S. Blazer, and Tyler Wagner. "Tissue Distribution and Immunomodulation in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Following Dietary Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclors and Food Deprivation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041228.
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Although most countries banned manufacturing of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) over 40 years ago, PCBs remain a global concern for wildlife and human health due to high bioaccumulation and biopersistance. PCB uptake mechanisms have been well studied in many taxa; however, less is known about depuration rates and how post-exposure diet can influence PCB concentrations and immune response in fish and wildlife populations. In a controlled laboratory environment, we investigated the influence of subchronic dietary exposure to two PCB Aroclors and food deprivation on tissue-specific concentrations of total PCBs and PCB homologs and innate immune function in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Overall, we found that the concentration of total PCBs and PCB homologs measured in whole body, fillet, and liver tissues declined more slowly in food-deprived fish, with slowest depuration observed in the liver. Additionally, fish that were exposed to PCBs had lower plasma cortisol concentrations, reduced phagocytic oxidative burst activity, and lower cytotoxic activity, suggesting that PCBs can influence stress and immune responses. However, for most measures of immune function, the effects of food deprivation had a larger effect on immune response than did PCB exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that short-term dietary exposure to PCBs can increase toxicity of consumable fish tissues for several weeks, and that PCB mixtures modulate immune and stress responses via multiple pathways. These results may inform development of human consumption advisories and can help predict and understand the influence of PCBs on fish health.
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Śmiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena, and Julia Wojciechowska-Solis. "Consumer versus Organic Products in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities and Barriers to Market Development." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175566.
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The main objective of this study was to determine the behavior of the Polish consumer of organic products during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify preferred channels of distribution of organic products in the situation of restricted freedom of movement as well as to assess what information displayed on the labels of organic food was most important to the customer. The research was conducted on a sample of 1108 respondents with the use of CAWI technique collected in an online survey carried out in February–August 2020. To analyze the obtained results, cluster analysis, linear regression model and duplication method were used to verify the substitute channels for purchasing organic goods. The pandemic has intensified the health value of consumers when making decisions about choosing food products. Consumers are sensitive shoppers who read the content of the labels and pay attention to the ingredients of the products they buy. The price is also of significant importance for consumers; however, it is less important than, for example, the expiration date of the purchased product. With the use of PCA analysis, it was possible to identify 18 factors that could be divided into three segments: marketing, practical and sensory. The proposed factors, according to the respondents, had an effect on the purchase of organic products by Polish consumers. Regarding the preferred purchasing channels, the Internet is becoming more and more important. Almost one-quarter of the respondents confirmed that they bought organic products via the above-mentioned distribution channel. Nearly 17% of the surveyed consumers considered the Internet to be an alternative way of doing their shopping. The results obtained in the research can be used in the sector of organic food producers to design marketing strategies and to adapt their offer to the proposed four groups of purchasers of organic products: eco-activists, eco-dietitians, eco-traditionalists, eco-innovators.
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D'Imperio, Seth, Corinne R. Lehr, Michele Breary, and Timothy R. McDermott. "Autecology of an Arsenite Chemolithotroph: Sulfide Constraints on Function and Distribution in a Geothermal Spring." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 21 (September 7, 2007): 7067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01161-07.
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ABSTRACT Previous studies in an acid-sulfate-chloride spring in Yellowstone National Park found that microbial arsenite [As(III)] oxidation is absent in regions of the spring outflow channel where H2S exceeds ∼5 μM and served as a backdrop for continued efforts in the present study. Ex situ assays with microbial mat samples demonstrated immediate As(III) oxidation activity when H2S was absent or at low concentrations, suggesting the presence of As(III) oxidase enzymes that could be reactivated if H2S is removed. Cultivation experiments initiated with mat samples taken from along the H2S gradient in the outflow channel resulted in the isolation of an As(III)-oxidizing chemolithotroph from the low-H2S region of the gradient. The isolate was phylogenetically related to Acidicaldus and was characterized in vitro for spring-relevant properties, which were then compared to its distribution pattern in the spring as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. While neither temperature nor oxygen requirements appeared to be related to the occurrence of this organism within the outflow channel, H2S concentration appeared to be an important constraint. This was verified by in vitro pure-culture modeling and kinetic experiments, which suggested that H2S inhibition of As(III) oxidation is uncompetitive in nature. In summary, the studies reported herein illustrate that H2S is a potent inhibitor of As(III) oxidation and will influence the niche opportunities and population distribution of As(III) chemolithotrophs.
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Massana, R., A. E. Murray, C. M. Preston, and E. F. DeLong. "Vertical distribution and phylogenetic characterization of marine planktonic Archaea in the Santa Barbara Channel." Applied and environmental microbiology 63, no. 1 (1997): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.1.50-56.1997.
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Marchet, Gino, Marco Melacini, Sara Perotti, Monica Rasini, and Elena Tappia. "Business logistics models in omni-channel: a classification framework and empirical analysis." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 48, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 439–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-09-2016-0273.
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Purpose Companies are currently moving from multi-channel strategies to offer their customers an omni-channel (OC) experience. So far, OC research has been mainly tackled from a sales-based view, with numerous operational challenges to be fully investigated yet. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how companies set the logistics variables in their OC management strategy and the business logistics models currently most adopted. Design/methodology/approach A two-step methodology was adopted. First, a systematic combining approach with scientific literature review and case studies allowed to derive a framework for classifying the key logistics variables and the related options. The framework was then used to conduct a qualitative survey targeting 92 Italian companies operating in food manufacturing, food retailing and non-food retailing. Collected data were analysed by means of cluster analysis. Findings Implementing an OC management strategy requires to set 11 logistics variables belonging to four strategic areas: delivery service, distribution setting, fulfilment strategy and returns management. A broad empirical investigation showed the choices made by companies when setting the logistics variables to implement an OC management strategy. Lastly, four business logistics models, differing in terms of both business sector and OC maturity, were discussed. Originality/value The proposed framework extends earlier studies by including additional significant logistics variables. The empirical analysis provides new insights on how to re-structure the business logistics model in OC, suggesting channel integration and the coexistence of multiple configurations as main enablers of an OC proposition.
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Haghighinasab, Manijeh. "The Effect of Channel Function Performance on Relationship Quality with Organizational Buyers:A Case Study in Iranian Food Distribution Company." International Journal of Fundamental Psychology and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14331/ijfpss.2013.330033.
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Lara-Rivera, Ana Laura, Gaspar Manuel Parra-Bracamonte, Ana María Sifuentes-Rincón, Héctor Hugo Gojón-Báez, Hervey Rodríguez-González, and Isidro Otoniel Montelongo-Alfaro. "Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818): current status and problematic situation in Mexico." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-4.
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Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is one of the endemic fishes of North America with the greatest potential for aquaculture. Despite this, data of its current distribution is scare and many aspects of its dynamic and productive performance remain unknown. In the present study, results are reported from a literature search and field analysis for describing the current status of channel catfish in Mexico regarding its historical and current geographical distribution as well as the problems faced by fish farmers and production systems. We were able to identify a lack of information and indicators to properly assess the extent of the species natural habitat and its productive potential. The quality and availability of water are among the main problems of the industry. Food costs represent the larger cost-loss for producers and there is great heterogeneity on the management of both breeding and production farms. Much of the production dynamics follows a pattern of trial and error. It became clear the need to optimize and standardize the processes on the channel catfish production system and to properly characterize domestic and wild populations to maximize their potential.
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Shi, Ruoding, and Alan W. Hodges. "Shopping at farmers' markets: Does ease of access really matter?" Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 5 (October 5, 2015): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000368.
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AbstractWith the rapid growth of farmers’ markets, roadside stands and U-pick operations in the USA, direct food distribution to consumers has become more important for agricultural producers. However, numerous studies have revealed that there are barriers preventing further development of these markets. One of the most often cited barriers is lack of access for consumers. This raises the question: to what extent does accessibility affect consumers’ participation in this food marketing channel? Based on data from a public mail survey, a binary probit model was developed to test whether the ease of access to farmers' markets would affect consumers’ participation decisions. The model included other control variables such as spatial accessibility to other traditional food retail stores, consumer demographics and perceptions of locally produced foods. The results showed that each additional farmers' market within a 5 km radius of the household significantly increased the expected probability of participation by 3.67%, and the effect varied with urban and rural areas. The presence of grocery stores, convenience stores and specialty food stores were statistically insignificant. Also, some demographic characteristics such as age, household income and household size, along with attitudes toward local foods, were found to be significant predictors of consumers’ behavior. Finally, we provide a number of implications for improving market locations, targeting interested consumers and developing strategies to promote farmers' markets.
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KARWE, MUKUND V., and VALENTINAS SERNAS. "APPLICATION of LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY to MEASURE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION INSIDE the SCREW CHANNEL of A TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER." Journal of Food Process Engineering 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1996.tb00386.x.
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Xu, Yanshun, Min Song, Wenshui Xia, and Qixing Jiang. "Effects of freezing method on water distribution, microstructure, and taste active compounds of frozen channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus )." Journal of Food Process Engineering 42, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): e12937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12937.
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Galeano Revert, Ana, José P. García-Sabater, and Cristóbal Miralles Insa. "Triple Bottom-line Business Model. Case study on the organic food retailing." WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v9i1.9131.
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<p class="Abstract">The present work aims to analyse and identify a triple bottom-line business model of food retailing, in order to show a sustainable, replicable and non-scalable model in the agri-food sector, and to facilitate the development of a feasible market for small size producers-sellers. The methodology used for the business model identification analyses and relates elements and strategies, providing a design graphic for the model, as well as evaluating each triple sustainability dimension. All this following a protocol derived from the methodology of case study research. The case study shows a sustainable, replicable and non-scalable business model that emerges from a strategy defined by a responsible consumption group from a university. Using digital technology for the distribution and sale of products, and sharing capacity with a WISE, a business model is achieved that shortens the food products commercialization channel between producers and consumers, improving economic, social and environmental sustainability. The application of this methodology provides a tool that facilitates the replicability of sustainable business models in the agri-food business context, and allows identifying the level of their sustainability. The incorporation of this business model can contribute to the development of a triple bottom-line food market, whose purpose is to improve the survival of small size producers-sellers given the increasing centralization and globalization of the agri-food economy distribution.</p>