Dissertations / Theses: 'Food diversification'

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Dorsey, Sarah Gayle. "Measuring the impact of integration and diversification on firm value in the food industry." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/229.

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Bianco, Magda. "Diversification patterns : theory and evidence for the food industry in the U.K. and Italy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1383/.

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The thesis is organized around two closely interlinked questions: (a) At a theoretical level, is it the case that diversification activities driven by economies of scope should lead to a positive correlation between diversification and profitability (b) Empirically, can a theoretical model account for observed patterns of diversification activities over time and across countries Following a general discussion of the main issues related to diversification in chapter 1, chapter 2 answers to the first question in the negative. In a model where diversification is induced by the presence of synergies, it is shown that diversified firms may be on average the less efficient firms on the market and may survive only due to the presence of synergies. This is consistent with the results of earlier empirical studies, showing no correlation between diversification and profitability. Therefore the empirical part of the thesis focuses on patterns of diversification rather than on the link with profitability. Models that attribute diversification to the presence of 'economies of scope' suggest that diversification patterns are determined by technological factors, that are stable over time and over countries. In chapter 3 a specific sector (food and drink) is analysed in the U.K. over a long time period (1962- 1986) and the U.K. experience is compared to that of Italy (in 1986) through a standard loglinear model and a separate analytical approach. The main results are as follows: (1) U.K. diversification patterns are remarkably stable over time; (2) Italian diversification patterns appear quite different from those of the U.K., whether in 1962 or in 1986. Since overall diversification levels for the U.K. in 1962 are similar to those in Italy in 1986, it seems that patterns of diversification may be induced by country specific factors. In order to unravel the difference between U.K. and Italian experience in chapter 4 a series of case studies of specific industries and firms is carried out. They suggest that in the Italian economy, where the distribution sector is poorly developed, large firms can enjoy a strong advantage by building up their own distribution networks. While the case studies indicate the possible importance of several other factors, it is this factor that appears to be the single most important influence underlying the difference between the U.K. and Italy.

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Sentery, Kabengele. "Prospects for market diversification in SADC for selected South African agricultural and food products." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86226.

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Thesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research provides South Africa's producers and exporters with information on new market opportunities for South Africa's selected agricultural and food products in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). There is increasing global competition and countries in Africa are increasingly targeted as export markets due to its population growth and its increasing per capita income. Both developed countries and developing countries such as the United States of America, China, Brazil, India, etc. are gradually increasing their exports to Africa. In Sub-Saharan Africa, this is also taking place in SADC. In this region, there has been a significant increase in total imports from the mentioned countries from 2001 to 2013. The International Trade Centre market selection method was used for product selection (using the Export Potential Index) and country selection (using the Market Attractiveness Index). Fourteen products were selected and Angola is the most attractive market in the region (SADC) and is ranked first in the Market Attractiveness Index for seven of the fourteen selected products. The top ranking markets for the 14 selected products were identified as: Mauritius for maize, sweetened milk powder, raw cane sugar and wheat or meslin flour; Angola for fresh apples, fresh or dried oranges, sparkling wine, bulk wine, refined cane or beet sugar, frozen bovine cuts, and frozen bovine carcasses and half carcasses; Mozambique for bottled wine; and Zambia for fresh grapes and soya beans. In most cases the countries with the second and third highest rankings in the Market Attractiveness Index also offer opportunities for market diversification. South Africa exports certain products to non-African countries, whereas these non-African countries export the same products to SADC. There are therefore opportunities geographically nearer to South Africa, because South Africa could export these products to SADC. Exporters should not necessarily abandon non-African markets in order to export to SADC; however they should be aware of opportunities close by and develop strategies to maximize profit and maintain sustainable markets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing bied aan Suid-Afrika se produsente en uitvoerders inligting oor nuwe markgeleenthede vir Suid-Afrika se geselekteerde landbou-en voedselprodukte in die Suider Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG). Daar is toenemende globale mededinging en lande in Afrika word toenemend geteiken as uitvoermarkte as gevolg van bevolkingsgroei en die stygende per capita inkomste. Beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande soos die Verenigde State van Amerika, China, Brasilië, Indië, ens. verhoog geleidelik hulle uitvoere na Afrika. In Sub-Sahara Afrika, gebeur dit ook in SAOG. In hierdie streek, was daar „n betekenisvolle toename in invoere vanaf die genoemde lande van 2001 tot 2013. Die Internasionale Handelsentrum markseleksie metode is gebruik om produkte te kies (met die Uitvoer Potensiaal Indeks) en om lande te kies (met die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks). Veertien produkte is gekies en Angola is die mees aantreklike mark in die streek (SAOG) en is bo-aan die lys in die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks vir sewe van die veertien geselekteerde produkte. Die top markte vir die 14 geselekteerde produkte is geïdentifiseer as: Mauritius vir mielies, versoete melkpoeier, ruwe rietsuiker en mengkoringmeelblom; Angola vir vars appels, vars of gedroogde lemoene, vonkelwyn, grootmaat wyn, verwerkte riet- of beetsuiker, bevrore beessnitte, en bevrore bees karkasse en half karkasse; Mosambiek vir gebottelde wyn; en Zambië vir vars druiwe en vir sojabone. In meeste gevalle bied lande met die tweede en derde hoogste punte in die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks ook geleenthede vir markdiversifikasie. Suid-Afrika voer sekere produkte uit na nie-Afrika lande, terwyl hierdie nie-Afrika lande weer dieselfde produkte na die SAOG uitvoer. Daar is dus geleenthede geografiese nader aan Suid-Afrika, want Suid-Afrika kan hierdie produkte na die SAOG uitvoer. Uivoerders moet nie noodwendig oorsese markte laat vaar om na die SAOG uit te voer nie, maar hulle moet bewus wees van nader geleenthede en strategieë ontwikkel om wins te maksimeer en volhoubare markte te handhaaf.

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Mensah, Clement. "The impact of livelihood diversification on food Security amongst farm households in northern Ghana: a case study of bole district." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4087.

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Masters of Art
Diversifying livelihoods has over the last two decades been identified as an important theme in the development work, particularly concerning the poverty reduction agenda. In the developing world, farm households, urged on by their survival instinct, diversify away from traditional subsistence agriculture to the production of high-value crops and at other times engage in off-farm and non-farm activities. This has become necessary due to the failures of agriculture to guarantee farm households sustainable livelihoods and improve their welfare. In sub-Saharan Africa, diversification is a vital instrument for reducing rural people’s risk to poverty. In recent years, however, diversification has been closely linked to food security. This is due to the fact that chronic food insecurity and its accompanying vulnerabilities continue to thwart poverty reduction efforts in the developing world. Paradoxically, whereas available statistics suggests that there is enough food to feed everyone, close to 900 million of the world’s population is still food insecure. By implication, the food security challenge hinge on ‘access’ rather than food availability. In sub-Saharan Africa and for that matter Northern Ghana, the phenomenon is quite pervasive, often affecting rural farm households. This signals one thing – a travesty to the existence of international human rights frameworks. Already, available empirical studies on the extent to which diversification amongst farm households impact on assuring household food security have revealed mixed results and are silent on the gender consequences. Using World Food Programme’s 2012 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis survey conducted in northern Ghana and an ordinary least squares estimator, this study sought to examine how livelihood diversification contributes to household food security and subsequently validate its effect for male and female-headed farm households in the Bole district of the Northern region of Ghana. Results from the study revealed a significant positive relationship between livelihood diversification (the number of livelihood activities farm households engaged in) and household food security (household food consumption score). Whereas similar result was observed for male-headed households, that of female-headed households was insignificant even though positive. Following this, the study proposes a two-fold policy strategy for optimizing the impact of livelihood diversification on guaranteeing food security amongst farm households in the case study district in particular and northern Ghana in general. Firstly, support for boosting smallholder agriculture should be pursued rigorously, taking advantage of programmes such as the Savannah Plan for Accelerated Growth. Secondly, sustaining, up-scaling and re-orienting programmes such as Rural Enterprises Project and creating the policy milieu for farm households to explore local opportunities like eco-tourism should be mainstreamed, taking into account concerns of gender.

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Longfield, Lynsey. "Challenges and Opportunities Shaping Smallholders’ Engagement with Formal and Informal Markets for Food and Livelihood Security: A Rift Valley, Kenya Case Study Analysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31603.

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This case study analysis looks at four communities in Rift Valley, Kenya including Matisi, Moi’s Bridge, Sirende and Waitaluk. The research focuses on the role of markets in achieving food and livelihood security for the smallholders in these communities and smallholders’ perceptions of the roles of the Government of Kenya and other institutions in facilitating market access. The largest challenges to market participation, as reported by the smallholders in the studied communities, include low yields, weather inconsistencies, and lack of land. In terms of the Government of Kenya, many smallholders noted the benefits of participating in groups as they are subsequently offered training or field days and subsidies. A significant group of respondents did comment on their lack of interest in joining similar groups as they were seen as unstable or corrupt. The potential roles of formal and informal markets to increase food security were also analyzed. All smallholders wished to be participating in informal markets, but twenty-five percent were constrained by the lack of surplus produce. Similarly, although many reported their desire to be participants in formal markets lack of surplus produce, price fluctuations, inconsistent weather patterns, transportation costs and post- harvest losses or food waster were recognized as significant barriers. In order to mitigate these constraints, most smallholders recommended subsidies on inputs and the overall restructuring of markets. It is recommended that organizations and governments implement a livelihood diversification policy program or initiative to diversify and intensify agricultural activities and other non-agricultural activities. This case study analysis demonstrates the need to recognize the importance of local contexts, specifically Rift Valley as much of the research done in Kenya is found in Nairobi and surrounding areas and cautions labeling communities as food secure based on favorable conditions.

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Demonteil, Lauriane. "Development of food texture acceptance during early childhood : relationships with oral feeding behaviour and early food experience." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK007.

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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectifs de caractériser quels types de textures sont acceptés à un âge donné entre 4 et 36 mois et d’identifier quels sont les facteurs (caractéristiques de enfants, leurs capacités orales et les pratiques maternelles d’alimentation) contribuant à l’acceptabilité des textures en France. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, une enquête transversale à destination de mères ayant des enfants âgés entre 4 et 36 mois (n=3079 réponses analysées) mesurant l’acceptabilité déclarée, ainsi qu’un suivi longitudinal d’enfants âgés entre 6 et 18 mois (n=49) mesurant l’acceptabilité réelle ont été conduits. Les résultats de l’enquête qui couvrait une large gamme de textures montrent que pendant la première année les enfants sont principalement exposés à des aliments sous forme de purées, alors que les morceaux et les doubles textures (purée avec morceaux) sont introduits après 12 mois. Le développement des compétences orales de l’enfant (nombre de dents, capacité à se nourrir seul) et certaines pratiques maternelles d’alimentation, tel l’âge de diversification et le mode de préparation des aliments, sont associés à une plus grande exposition aux textures alimentaires. L’acceptabilité des aliments de différentes textures est dépendante du développement oral de l’enfant et est fortement associée à l’exposition de l’enfant aux différentes textures. Les résultats de l’étude expérimentale révèlent que la majorité des textures alimentaires proposées lors des séances sont acceptées dès 6 mois. A chaque âge d’étude, l’acceptabilité et les comportements oraux varient suivant les textures ; à partir de 10 mois les enfants ont plus recours à la mastication qu’à la succion. Comme observé dans l’enquête, l’exposition aux différentes textures s’avère le meilleur prédicteur de l’acceptabilité des textures avec l’âge. La prise en compte de ces résultats détaillés pourrait permettre d’établir de nouvelles recommandations concernant l'introduction des textures en France et de développer des produits destinés aux jeunes enfants qui intégreront ces enseignements
This thesis aimed to characterize which food textures are accepted at a given age between 4 to 36 mo of age, and to identify factors (children’s characteristics, feeding skills and maternal feeding practices) that contribute to food texture acceptance in France. To meet these purposes a cross-sectional survey intended for mothers having children aged between 4 and 36 mo (n=3079 answers analysed) measuring declared acceptance and a prospective longitudinal study with children aged between 6 and 18 mo (n=49) measuring actual acceptance were carried out. Results from the survey, which covered a larger range of food textures, showed that over the first year, infants were mainly exposed to foods in pureed forms, whereas pieces and double textures (e.g. puree with pieces) were introduced after 12 mo. Factors such as the development of feeding skills (number of teeth; ability to eat autonomously) and some maternal feeding practices (age of CF, type of food preparation) were associated with a higher food texture exposure. The acceptance of food with different textures increased steadily up to 3 years, with a sharper increase for soft and hard solid foods from 13-15mo. The acceptance was dependent of the child’s feeding skills readiness, and was strongly associated with the child exposure to food with different textures. Results from the experimental study showed that most of the food textures offered in the study were accepted by children from 6 mo onward. At each studied age, children’s food acceptance and feeding behaviours varied according to the food textures; from 10 mo, chewing predominated over sucking. As found in the survey approach, the food texture exposure was the best predictor of food texture acceptance. Taking into account these detailed results could make it possible to establish new guidelines with regards to food texture introduction in France, and to develop food products for infants and toddlers including these learning

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Köhler, Realm [Verfasser], and Hans Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Biesalski. "Promoting dietary diversification in the ASEAN region : exposing food taboos, and exploring the nutrient profiles of underutilized, indigenous food resources / Realm Köhler ; Betreuer: Hans Konrad Biesalski." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230877703/34.

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Afari-Sefa, Victor. "Agricultural export diversification, food security and living conditions of farmers in Southern Ghana : a microeconomic and household modelling approach /." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866175&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Boulay, Annabelle. "An analysis of farm diversification in France and the United Kingdom based on case studies of Sud Manche and West Dorset." Thesis, Kingston University, 2006. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20373/.

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In the past two decades farming in the European Union (EU) has come under increasing pressure to survive as the profits from sales of agricultural commodities have fallen despite the substantial financial inputs from the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). To maintain their income, farmers have had to diversify their business. The sociocultural, political and economic reasons involved in farm diversification ought to be analysed critically at this particular time for European agriculture with the implementation of Agenda 2000 promoting farm diversification within its rural development policy. Recent changes in the CAP which aim to shift away agriculture from a purely agricultural support agenda towards a broader approach to both agricultural and rural development have encouraged diversification and/or pluriactivity among farmers. The aim of introducing diversification and/or pluriactivity on farms is to maintain falling farm income by providing another source of income in the business and spreading the economic risk, to develop rural development by the creation of jobs, but also to protect the environment. The primary aim of the research was to identify, analyse and compare the nature of diversification in two European dairy areas, sud Manche (France) and west Dorset (Britain). Sud Manche and west Dorset are two dairy areas that have a great opportunity for farm diversification linked to milk processing activities and tourism. The secondary aim of this research was to determine whether the decision-making process used by farmers to decide to diversify is driven by the changes in agricultural policy or by the characteristics of the farmers and the farms. The study used questionnaires, interviews and focus group to identify the nature and extent of diversification as well as to collect information on farmer's attitudes towards diversification. The results have showed that farmers from both study areas have diversified and have a different attitude toward diversification. The nature of diversification is different in the two areas. Farmers in sud Manche have diversified into a more agricultural orientated diversification whereas farmers in west Dorset have more non-agricultural diversification. However, some farmers in both study areas do not believe that diversification is a long term solution to the agricultural crisis in Europe. Moreover, many farmers have expressed their concerns about agricultural policy changes and the entry to the EU of countries from central and eastern Europe and the consequences this could have on agricultural prices. Farmers in sud Manche appeared not very knowledgeable about the various options to diversification and were quite reluctant to do anything else except producing food. On the other hand, farmers in west Dorset appeared to have more knowledge about diversification and pluriactivity and were more inclined to the idea of producing something else than food production.

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Azevedo, Melina Bandeira Antas de. "Análise sistêmica da comercialização de hortifrutigranjeiros em feiras de agricultura familiar dos territórios sertão do Apodi e Açu-Mossoró (RN)." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/540.

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The local fairs of family farming are structures that facilitate the marketing of products in the production chain of fresh produce, expressing the diversification of the segment of family farming. This type of production brings in its history the use of sustainable techniques that enable food and nutritional security like, for example, agroecology, which minimizes environmental impacts on the environment by removing the chemical inputs of production, thus ensuring better quality to food purchased by consumers in addition to the security of livelihoods of family farmers themselves. However, this practice, that was considered a cultural factor of great expression in the country, has been outdated by the surging of large retail chains. So now only a small fraction of the participation in fairs is of family farmers, the assumption being that the dynamics of sustainable family farming of horticultural Açu-Mossoró territories and Sertão do Apodi (RN) still have many weaknesses and the performance of its organization system and its technical production standard are insufficient to trigger the dynamization of the two territories. The aim of this study is, therefore, to demonstrate the importance of the fresh produce chain as new environment for production and innovation in the process of market dynamization. The research is based on the year 2011, prior to the drought faced by the Northeast. The chosen methodology for data collection was of primary data, in order to conduct a census in all family agriculture fairs organized by Projeto Dom Helder Camara, Rede Xique Xique and Associação de Produtores e Produtoras Familiares Agroecológicos de Mossoró (APROFAM) – the association for agroecological family producers from the city of Mossoró. Also, an unstructured interview with the former educational, territorial and political adviser of Diaconia was conducted to understand how was initially conceived the project for the fairs. The research is characterized as comparative, making an integrated analysis between the two territories, with qualitative and quantitative method, since it allows a detailed analysis of the chain marketing process. Secondary data obtained through literature research was also used to corroborate the results. The research was conducted by submitting application forms to all the vendors of these fairs of family farming in the territories of Sertão do Apodi and Açu-Mossoró. It was found that family farmers and fairs play an important role in generating innovation, since they create new ways to improve the quality of life, capitalizing on the remains of production and generating extra income through marketing in the fair, as well as through developed practices that go beyond the conventional model, adopting characteristics that value for sustainability. We have seen that, even with the present insufficient structure, a satisfactory return is obtained, since most producers want to continue or expand the activity. However, this practice is a strategy aimed at resuming a cultural practice that is outdated, providing at least once a week with an environment for material and emotional exchanges, while strengthening a relationship that arouses confidence and values the direct contact between producers and consumers
As feiras locais da agricultura familiar são estruturas que facilitam a comercialização dos produtos da cadeia produtiva de hortifrutigranjeiros, expressando a diversificação do segmento da agricultura familiar. Esse tipo de produção traz em seu histórico o uso de técnicas sustentáveis e que viabilizam a segurança alimentar e nutricional como, por exemplo, a agroecologia, que minimiza os impactos ambientais causados no meio ambiente, retirando os insumos químicos da produção, garantindo assim mais qualidade aos alimentos adquiridos pelos consumidores além da seguridade de subsistência dos próprios agricultores familiares. No entanto, essa prática que era considerada como fator cultural de grande expressão no país, vem se defasando com a aparição de grandes redes varejistas. Portanto atualmente a participação nas feiras é de uma pequena parcela dos agricultores familiares, o pressuposto é a de que a dinâmica sustentável da agricultura familiar de hortifrutigranjeiros dos territórios Açu-Mossoró e Sertão do Apodi (RN) ainda possuem muitas fragilidades e o desempenho das suas formas de organização e do seu padrão técnico de produção adotados são insuficientes para desencadear a dinamização dos dois territórios. Logo o objetivo desse estudo é demonstrar a importância da cadeia de hortifrutigranjeiro como ambiente de produção de novidades e inovação no processo de dinamização dos mercados. A pesquisa é com base no ano de 2011, que antecedeu a grande seca enfrentada pelos nordestinos. Como metodologia para a obtenção de dados optou-se pelos dados primários a fim de realizar um censo em todas as feiras de agricultura familiar organizadas pelo Projeto Dom Helder Câmara, Rede Xique Xique e a Associação de Produtores e Produtoras Familiares Agroecológicos de Mossoró (APROFAM). Também foi realizada uma entrevista não estruturada com ex assessora territorial política pedagógica da Diaconia, para entender como tinha sido o projeto inicial das feiras. A pesquisa é caracterizada como comparativa, fazendo uma análise integrada entre os dois territórios, com método qualitativo e quantitativo, já que permite uma análise aprofundada do processo de comercialização da cadeia. Foram utilizados também dados secundários com pesquisa bibliográfica para corroborar com os resultados. A pesquisa aconteceu através da aplicação de formulários a todos os feirantes dessas feiras da agricultura familiar nos territórios Sertão do Apodi e Açu-Mossoró. Constatou-se que os agricultores familiares e as feiras tem um papel importante na geração de inovação, pois criaram novas maneiras de melhorar a qualidade de vida, aproveitando as sobras da produção e gerando uma renda extra através da comercialização em feira, como também através de práticas desenvolvidas que fogem do modelo convencional, adotando características que prezam pela sustentabilidade. Viu-se que as estruturas mesmo insuficientes mantém um retorno satisfatório, pois a maioria dos produtores pretendem continuar ou ampliar a atividade. Contudo essa prática é uma estratégia de retomar uma prática cultural que está defasada, propiciando pelo menos uma vez na semana um ambiente de trocas materiais e emocionais fortalecendo, uma relação que desperta confiança e valoriza o contato direto entre produtores e consumidores
2016-12-05

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Roque, Maria de Jesus Grazina. "Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada em educação pré-escolar: hábitos alimentares na infância." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14711.

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A prática de uma alimentação saudável contribui essencialmente para o desenvolvimento do crescimento e também de uma boa saúde. A aprendizagem do comportamento alimentar inicia-se na infância, tendo a família, creches/Jardins-de-Infância e onde as refeições possam ocorrer, um papel fundamental no processo da formação dos hábitos alimentares saudáveis da criança, havendo, desta forma, grande probabilidade de prevalecerem ao longo da vida. O presente relatório apresenta o percurso da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada numa sala de Creche e numa sala de Jardim-de-Infância. Intitulado de “Hábitos alimentares na Infância” pretende dar a conhecer o ambiente gerado em torno deste tema assim como os resultados obtidos no decorrer da investigação através da aplicação de atividades. Metodologicamente foi usada como opção, a investigação-ação, o que me permitiu uma reflexão aprofundada da prática e consequentemente, a melhoria da mesma; Abstract: Eating habits in childhood A healthy diet is essential for growth, development and health maintenance. Inadequate eating habits cause immediate and also long term health problems. The eating behavior learning begins in childhood. The family, child care / Kindergarten and where meals may occur also have a key role in the formation of healthy eating habits in children. These habits have a high probability of prevailing on adulthood. This report presents the Supervised Teaching in a day care center room and in a kidergarten room. Titled "Eating habits in childhood", it aims to disclose the environment created around this theme as well as the results obtained during the investigation, by performing various activities. The action-research was the chosen method, which granted me a deep reflection of the practice, that consequently helped me improving it.

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Leamy, Ryan. "Diversification Activities Of Vermont Dairy Farmers: A Study Of Raw Milk And Local Beef Processing In The State." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/308.

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The vast majority of earned agricultural dollars in Vermont come from the dairy industry, but with volatility in the market in recent years, including rising costs of feed and the fluctuating price of milk, state officials have begun to recommend diversification of farm activities to instill resiliency into the system. The research presented in this thesis explores two avenues for diversification, farm-to-consumer sales of raw milk and local beef production. The second chapter utilizes diffusion theory to understand the prevalence of raw milk consumption in Vermont, develop a profile of the raw milk consumer, document the motivations of raw milk consumers, and identify sources and channels of information for raw milk consumers. The results of a general population telephone survey indicate that 11.6% of those surveyed reported consuming raw milk and are on average educated, middle-aged, and middle-income earners in small households. Compared to US Census data, there are no demographic differences between raw milk consumers and the average Vermonter. Motivations for consumption include preference for raw milk's flavor, believed health benefits, and knowing or being a farmer. The primary sources of information are dairy farmers, friends, family, and co-workers. The primary channel through which information is obtained is person-to-person discussions. We conclude by discussing the implication of our findings on food protection trends and future research The third chapter investigates beef processing in the state and through the Agriculture of the Middle paradigm develops a firmographic profile of processors, identifies the frequency of use of a set of industry best practices and articulates the current opportunities and barriers to beef processing. The results of the firmographic profile show that most processors utilize both fee-for-service processing and buy-in processing and that each model is an equal percentage of revenue for business. Most processors indicated clearly demarcated busy and slow seasons with no change in the number of employees during these times and little change in operation capacity. Most processors are involved with some industry best practices and most had at least one anchor client to stabilize their operations. There are opportunities in marketing and opening up new markets but the seasonality, infrastructure and consistency of supply are and may remain a hindrance to this advancement. We conclude that there is little difference between models and that most farmers and processors are already in the stages of developing positive and equitable business relationships and that the future of beef production in Vermont is strong.

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Megersa, Bati Bekele [Verfasser], and Zárate Anne [Akademischer Betreuer] Valle. "Climate change, cattle herd vulnerability and food insecurity : adaptation through livestock diversification in the Borana pastoral system of Ethiopia / Bekele Megersa Bati. Betreuer: Anne Valle Zarate." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047622424/34.

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Cholez, Célia. "Structures de gouvernance des transactions et dynamique des connaissances inter-firmes dans la création de filière : application aux contrats de production dans le secteur des grandes cultures en France." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0075.

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La thèse a pour objectif d’analyser comment les structures de gouvernance des transactions impactent la création et la diffusion de connaissances entre firmes, tout particulièrement dans le contexte de nouvelles filières. Elle s’appuie sur plusieurs études de cas de filières de diversification (comme le lin oléagineux ou les légumineuses à graines) qui émergent dans le secteur des grandes cultures, et dont la structuration se base sur des contrats de production. Dans un contexte de transition agroécologique, le développement de ces filières implique des changements techniques et le renouvellement des connaissances des opérateurs. Afin de comprendre les liens entre la coordination contractuelle et les dynamiques de connaissances entre firmes, cette thèse mobilise l’économie néo-institutionnelle, plus particulièrement la théorie des coûts de transaction, ainsi que l’économie de l’innovation et le management stratégique avec un focus sur les théories de l’apprentissage organisationnel. La thèse explique la diversité organisationnelle rencontrée dans les filières selon un arbitrage dépendant du niveau d’incertitude technique dans la filière, i.e. du besoin de connaissances des opérateurs. Elle montre tout d’abord la validité du principe d’alignement de la théorie des coûts de transactions au regard des actifs humains spécifiques déployés dans ces nouvelles filières agricoles. Elle met ensuite en évidence que les structures de gouvernance hybride génèrent des apprentissages inter-firmes car la contractualisation agit comme un artefact cognitif au regard des interactions générées et des dispositifs de capitalisation de la connaissance mis en œuvre. In fine, cette thèse montre que le choix des structures de gouvernance relève d’un arbitrage entre économie des coûts de transaction à court terme et création de valeur à moyen terme via le développement de connaissances
This thesis analyses how transaction governance structures foster the creation and diffusion of knowledge between firms, in particular in the context of emerging supply chains. The analysisrelies on several cases studies on crop diversification supply chains (such as linseed, fababean, pea or lupin), based on production contracts in the French field crop sector. In a context of agroecological transition, supply-chain development involves technical changes and a need forrenewing stakeholder’s knowledge. In order to understand the link between contractualcoordination and inter-firms knowledge dynamics, this thesis draws on new institutional economics – especially transaction costs theory – and innovation economics and strategic management,especially organizational learning approaches. This thesis explains the supply-chain organizationaldiversity encountered in accordance with a trade-off that depends on the level of technicaluncertainty in the supply chain itself, i.e. depending on stakeholders’ need for new knowledge.Firstly, we examine the transaction costs theory alignment principle according to specific human assets in crop diversification supply-chains. Secondly, we show that hybrid governance structuresgenerate inter-firm learning. Indeed, contractualization acts as a cognitive artefact by enhancinginterfirm interactions and knowledge capitalization devices. Finally, the thesis shows thatgovernance structures choice depends on a trade-off between short-term transaction costseconomizing and medium-term value creation thanks to knowledge development

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Ng'endo, Mary. "Variety for security : a case study of agricultural, nutritional and dietary diversity among smallholder farmers in western Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d5dc1cf-a9ae-4499-bbc2-e8016970c3da.

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Agricultural biodiversity, commonly referred to as agrobiodiversity, is that part of biodiversity that is geared towards agriculture and food production. Agrobiodiversity is said to contribute much to food and nutrition, but there is lack of data confirming this, particularly from Eastern Africa. To assess the extent of agrobiodiversity on smallholder farms and in local markets and to connect these to food intake and perceptions of food security among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya, the thesis asks four main research questions: (i) What is the extent of food plant diversity in smallholder farms, the bio-physical and socio-economic factors influencing it and the contribution of this diversity to the household's food needs? (ii) What is the relationship between agricultural and dietary diversity? (iii) What linkages are there between agricultural and nutritional diversity? (iv) How does access to agrobiodiversity in local markets contribute to meeting household food needs and what is the extent of smallholder farmers' integration into these markets? Through a combination of focus group discussions, farm and market surveys conducted across three time points, results indicate that: (i) higher food plant species richness is found on farms managed by wealthier and older households. However, these households are not more food secure than the rest, (ii) while there is a lack of a strong relationship between agricultural and dietary diversity, dietary diversity is instead significantly influenced by socio-economic factors including a household's wealth status, ethnicity and education level, (iii) despite a diversity of locally available on-farm and market food species meeting existing macro-and micro-nutrient needs, there is a general lack of understanding of this diversity as food shortage months coincide with a lack of maize despite high availability of a diversity of other foods not only to replace the maize but also to contribute to a diverse diet, (iv) smallholder farmers rely on multiple food sources, with markets mainly for sourcing cereals, fruits and animal source foods. There is also low integration of smallholder farmers as sellers in local markets. Together, the four case studies show interlinkages across food availability, accessibility and utilisation, which when addressed with equal weight, could unlock local agrobiodiversity's potential as a path to food and nutrition security of smallholder farming households.

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Tapsoba, Tebkieta Alexandra. "Essays on remittances and climate variability in Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD026/document.

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Les aléas climatiques et environnementaux sont aujourd’hui au cœur des préoccupations et il est reconnu que les pays en développement et surtout ceux d’Afrique et d’Afrique subsaharienne sont les plus vulnérables à ces risques climatiques, mais sont paradoxalement les moins responsables du réchauffement climatique. L’adaptation de ces populations est ainsi primordiale, et peut prendre plusieurs formes dont la migration, qui, par ses retombées financières est une source non négligeable de fonds permettant aux ménages de faire face aux risques climatiques, aux désastres naturels, aux conflits et chocs d’autre type. Comparativement aux pays de la région ouest africaine tels que le Mali, le Sénégal ou le Nigéria, le Burkina Faso, n’a pas fait l’objet d’un grand nombre d’études sur le thème de la migration et les transferts de fonds. Le pays a cependant une histoire migratoire riche dans un contexte de fortes variabilités climatiques. Les conditions climatiques sont d’autant plus importantes dans ce pays que son économie est fortement ancrée dans l’agriculture.Les résultats du présent travail montrent que les transferts de fonds ont un impact sur la capacité des ménages à gérer les effets néfastes des aléas climatiques sur leurs conditions de vie, mais ils ont également leurs limites. Le premier chapitre cherche à évaluer l’impact des transferts et de la variabilité climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages Burkinabè. Nous proposons un indicateur de sécurité alimentaire prenant en compte les différents concepts de la sécurité alimentaire, et aussi un indicateur de variabilité interannuelle des précipitations. Après avoir contrôlé pour les problèmes d’endogénéité des transferts en utilisant des variables sur les caractéristiques démographiques des migrants et des variables de distance, nos résultats montrent que les transferts ont un impact positif sur la sécurité alimentaire, et trouvons le résultat inverse pour la variabilité des précipitations. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous testons l’effet des transferts et des désastres naturels sur la pauvreté des ménages, représentée par un indicateur que nous construisons. Les résultats montrent l’effet négatif des transferts sur la pauvreté. De plus, une réinterprétation de l’indicateur montre que les ménages ayant subi des catastrophes naturelles par le passé sont plus à même de faire face à l’éventualité de futures catastrophes. Dans le dernier chapitre de ce travail, nous testons la capacité des ménages agricoles à diversifier leur portefeuille d’activité lorsqu’ils font face à des risques de sécheresse, et lorsqu’ils reçoivent des transferts. Les résultats montrent que les transferts ne sont pas, à eux seuls, suffisant pour permettre aux ménages de diversifier leurs activités. La diversification est toutefois possible lorsque le niveau de richesse des ménages est déjà élevé lorsqu’ils reçoivent les transferts. La présente recherche contribue à mettre en lumière l’importance des transferts dans la capacité d’adaptation des ménages qui font face à des risques climatiques. Les politiques nationales et internationales pouvant contribuer à un acheminement plus efficace et moins couteux de ces flux sont à encourager. Cependant, afin que ces transferts soient efficaces, ils doivent être accompagnés de politiques de réduction des inégalités afin de ne pas rendre les plus pauvres encore plus pauvres. Ils doivent être ainsi vus comme complémentaires et non substituts d’autres sources de revenus
Environmental and climate issues constitute a predominant and much up to date topic in international discussions. It is broadly recognized that developing countries are the most vulnerable when it comes to climate issues, albeit, they are the least responsible. Finding ways for households’ of these countries to cope with the harmful effects of climate goes through the necessity to identify mechanisms that can help, such as migration and remittances. The latter have been found in the scientific literature to be a hedge against several shocks such as natural disasters, conflicts, and economic shocks.This research thesis explores the theme of remittances, and climate variability in developing countries, by focusing on a sub-Saharan African country, Burkina Faso. Compared to its neighbouring countries, Burkina Faso has not been subject to much research in the migration and remittances. The country however has a vast migration history that is worth studying. Climate issues are also rampant, and very important, as the country is practising subsistence agriculture. The findings of this dissertation show that remittances have a positive impact on households’ ability to cope with the negative effects of climate issues. Yet these important sources of inflows for developing countries might have some limitations. The first chapter assesses the impact of remittances and climate variability on the food security of households in Burkina Faso. We build a food security index using principal component analysis that encompasses the accessibility and utilization dimensions of the concept. We also compute an inter-annual rainfall index and the latter is found to have a negative impact on food security. After controlling for potential endogeneity issues using distance variables and migrant characteristics as instruments, remittances are found to enhance food security. Results are robust to alternative measures of food security and alternative calculations of rainfall variability. In Chapter two, we assess the impact of remittances and natural disasters on poverty in Burkina Faso. To do so, we construct a poverty index using household’s housing characteristics and Multiple Correspondence Analysis method. Propensity score matching method is used as an empirical strategy, and results show that remittances have a negative impact on poverty. Another important result is that remittances have a higher impact on the resilience of households, when they have experienced disasters in the past. Therefore, when it comes to natural disasters, these inflows act as an important tool for populations to be more resilient. Lastly in chapter 3, we assess the role of remittances and drought on diversification strategies of farm-households. This chapter uses the same database as chapter two, and also takes advantage of the climate database of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of Anglia . Results show that remittances by themselves are not sufficient to push households towards costly diversification strategies, and they need to be conditional to households’ wealth status to be effective. Climate conditions as well as soil properties have not surprisingly been found to significantly push households towards diversifying their income.This research sheds light on the undeniable importance of remittances in helping households to cope with harmful effects of climate, but also on its limitations. International and national policies that will contribute in a more efficient and less costly conveying of these inflows are to encourage. However in order for remittances to be efficient, reducing inequalities and poverty within populations is a necessity. Otherwise, they can contribute to dig further poverty gaps and extensively the vulnerably levels inside populations. Therefore, remittances should be seen as complementary to other sources of income, rather than substitute

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Bardaine, Clémence. "La fabrique des paysages et des savoir-faire agroforestiers dans le bassin francilien : acteurs, processus et projets." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0021.

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Face à la crise environnementale et climatique, les pratiques basées sur la gestion des processus écologiques ouvrent un nouvel horizon pour l’agriculture. L’enjeu actuel de l’agroforesterie basée sur les associations d’arbres, de cultures et d’élevage, n’est plus limité à la seule production, mais touche aussi à la durabilité́ de cette production, à la résilience du milieu cultivé vis-à-vis des aléas climatiques, à la fourniture des services écosystémiques et à la création de nouveaux « terroirs ». Il s’agit de concrétiser sa multifonctionnalité́ et son inscription dans le long terme. Or, ces pratiques agroécologiques ne peuvent pas résulter d’une pure application de recettes techniques ; elles se développent avec les caractères propres de chaque milieu accompagné par chaque agriculteur. L’entrée par les connaissances naturalistes et agroécologiques des agriculteurs, et par ce que l’on nomme paysage, peut-elle devenir un vecteur de transmission des pratiques agroforestières essentiellement par effet de voisinage et par apprentissage collectif ? Une étude critique des modalités et des dispositifs d’apprentissage, de transmission et d’accompagnement des pratiques agroforestières du Bassin francilien est menée à travers une démarche ethnopaysagère et géographique et par la sociologie pragmatique. Les récits des trajectoires agroforestières et en agriculture biologique ou de conservation des sols sont retracés à travers l’enquête ethnographique auprès d’agriculteurs et la collecte documentaire de terrain (photographies, dessins d’agriculteurs, plans de projets). Une typologie des différentes formes de paysages agroforestiers (linéaires d’arbres intra-parcellaire, complantés parfois d’une strate arbustive, maillage de haies champêtres, etc.) et la gamme des savoirs écologiques et de diversification qui y sont associés, est proposée. En regard, la méfiance envers les arbres chez certains agriculteurs de conservation des sols est identifiée. Dans un deuxième temps, l’enquête sur les modalités d’accompagnement par les parties prenantes du développement territorial (agriculteurs, propriétaires fonciers, agents des parcs naturels régionaux et des communautés de communes, vulgarisateurs), éclaire les conflits et les alliances entre acteurs territoriaux. Les outils et les processus d’apprentissage collectif de cette université agroforestière du dehors sont mis en évidence à travers les chroniques des ateliers de collectifs d’agriculteurs et des projets de recherche-participative autour du patrimoine de semences et de ligneux adaptés localement (enquête écologique, index-botanique, lecture et design paysager, ateliers de projets et de taille, sélection participative). Ce travail propose une synthèse des freins (le temps long, le manque de références locales et de savoir-faire de gestion, l’arbre dans le bail rural) et des conditions de transmission des pratiques agroforestières (implication des pionniers dans un groupe de pratiques, approche par l’expérience, implication des acteurs territoriaux). Celles-ci s’articulent entre différentes échelles : de la parcelle à la plaine, jusqu’à la communauté d’acteurs du « grand paysage ». Enfin, cette thèse identifie un ensemble d’expériences patrimoniales du vivant qui, à travers les bénéfices agro-écosystémiques et les filières alimentaires issus de ces nouveaux paysages agricoles, pourrait devenir le socle d’un projet local garant de la durabilité environnementale, sociale et économique du territoire
Faced with the environmental and climatic crisis, practices based on the management of ecological processes are opening up a new horizon for agriculture. The current challenge of agroforestry, based on associations of trees, crops and/or animals, is no longer limited to production alone, but also affects its sustainability and in particular the provision of ecosystem services and the food resilience of territories. However, these agroecological practices cannot result from the application of technical recipes. Can farmers’ naturalistic and agroecological knowledge of landscapes, become a vector for the transmission of agroforestry practices mainly through neighborhood effect and collective learning ? A critical study of the methods and mechanisms of learning, transmission and support of agroforestry practices in the Paris Basin is carried out through a transdisciplinary, ethno-geographic and pragmatic approach. The stories of their agroecological trajectories are retraced through ethnographic investigation and documentary collection from the field (photography, drawing of farmers, project plan). A typology of the different forms of agroforestry landscapes (intra-plot tree lines, diversified hedgerows gridding, etc.) and the range of ecological and diversification knowledge associated with them is proposed. In contrast, the mistrust of trees among some soil conservation farmers is identified. Secondly, the survey on the methods of support by stakeholders in territorial development (farmers, landowners, agricultural development associations, agents of regional nature parks and communities of municipalities), sheds light on conflicts and alliances between actors. The tools and collective learning processes of this outside agroecological university are highlighted through the chronicles of farmers' collective workshops and participatory research projects around the heritage of locally adapted seeds and woody plants (ecological survey, botanical index, reading and landscape design, project and pruning workshops, participatory selection). This work offers a synthesis of the brakes (the long time, the lack of local references and management know-how, the tree in the rural lease). And the conditions of transmission of agroforestry practices (pioneering attitudes, empirical and transversal approaches, involvement of territorial actors) are articulated between different scales: from the plot to the plain, to the community of actors in the large landscape. Finally, this thesis identifies a set of updating of living heritage which, through the agro-ecosystem benefits and the local food systems resulting from these new agricultural landscapes; could become the basis of a local project guaranteeing the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the territory

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Coufal, Marek. "Diverzifikace portfolia nemovitostního podílového fondu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400019.

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The thesis deals with the composition of the real estate fund portfolio and recommendations for possible changes. The fund consists of real estate in the Czech Republic. The composition of the real estate portfolio is chosen based on an evaluation of the profitability of the property, and on the basis of their building use profile to diversify the risk of focusing on the single segment.

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Arana, Ramos Carlos Gilberto, and Duda Leila Verónica Otárola. "Efecto de la diversificación en el desempeño de las organizaciones." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653714.

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Este estudio muestra el impacto causado por aspectos organizativos, así como la puesta en marcha de estrategias sobre el rendimiento de empresas diversificadas. Para ello, utiliza un modelo de tipo explicativo, de esta forma se demuestra que la relación entre la estrategia de diversificación y el rendimiento empresarial se ve influenciada por factores significativos como el tamaño de la empresa, el nivel de propiedad, el tipo de industria, el grado de gobernanza, el modo de entrada, los costos de ajuste y la coordinación; así como la distancia organizacional entre la sede matriz y las subsidiarias, las cuales constituyen materia de la presente investigación. El análisis se ha enmarcado en una muestra inicial de treinta artículos científicos de estudios realizados durante los últimos cinco años. El trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar el efecto de la implementación de la diversificación como estrategia de crecimiento en el rendimiento operativo de las empresas que se encuentran en la búsqueda constante de la maximización de valor; los resultados son heterogéneos.
This study shows the impact caused by organizational aspects, as well as the implementation of strategies on the performance of diversified companies. Using an explanatory model, it is demonstrated that the relationship between the diversification strategy and business performance is influenced by significant factors such as the size of the company, the level of ownership, the type of industry, the degree of governance, the mode of entry, adjustment and coordination costs; as well as the organizational distance between the headquarters and the subsidiaries, which are relevant subjects of this investigation. The analysis has been framed in an initial sample of thirty scientific research papers from studies conducted over the past five years. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effect of the diversification implementation as a growth strategy in the operational performance of the companies that are in the constant search for maximization of value, evidencing heterogeneity in the results.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

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Betoko, Aisha. "L’alimentation précoce : ses déterminants, son influence sur la croissance postnatale et les consommations alimentaires à 3 ans." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T038/document.

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Contexte : L’alimentation précoce a une influence sur la croissance et le développement des habitudes alimentaires. Dans la littérature, les déterminants et les effets sur la santé des pratiques d’allaitement et de diversification alimentaire (introduction des aliments autres que le lait) ont souvent été analysés en dissociant ces deux pratiques pourtant très liées. Objectifs : Caractériser par une approche plus globale l’alimentation dans la première année de vie, mettre en évidence ses principaux déterminants et comprendre son influence sur la croissance dans les trois premières années de vie de l’enfant et ses habitudes alimentaires à 3 ans. Méthodes : Les données de la cohorte EDEN qui a recruté 2002 femmes enceintes en début de grossesse, entre 2003 et 2006 dans deux hôpitaux à Nancy et à Poitiers, ont été utilisées. L’alimentation et les paramètres anthropométriques de l’enfant ont été recueillis par questionnaires et examens cliniques à la naissance, 4, 8, 12, 24 et 36 mois. Une analyse en composantes principales a permis d’identifier des profils de pratiques alimentaires dans la première année de vie à partir de la durée d’allaitement, de l’âge d’introduction de différents groupes d’aliments et du mode de préparation des aliments utilisés (préparations « maison », plats préparés « spécifiques bébé » et plats préparés ordinaires du commerce). Des régressions linéaires et logistiques multiples ont été utilisées pour analyser les associations entre profils de pratiques alimentaires, croissance et habitudes alimentaires à 3 ans. Résultats : i) Le type de préparation infantile utilisée de manière prédominante les 4 premiers mois de vie était associé à la parité, l’éducation et le retour à l’emploi maternels mais pas à la croissance de l’enfant sur cette même période. ii) Trois profils de pratiques alimentaires dans la première année de vie ont été identifiés dans la cohorte EDEN. Des scores élevés sur le profil 1 « Diversification tardive et utilisation d’aliments spécifiques bébé » étaient associés à un revenu familial élevé, un âge et un niveau d’études maternels élevés, une parité faible et un recrutement à Nancy. Des scores élevés sur le profil 2 « Allaitement maternel long, diversification tardive et utilisation d’aliments faits maison » étaient associés un âge et un niveau d’études maternels élevés et un recrutement à Poitiers. Des scores élevés sur le profil 3 « Utilisation fréquente d’aliments ordinaires du commerce » étaient associés à un âge maternel plus faible, une parité plus élevée et un recrutement à Nancy. iii) Un score élevé sur le profil 2 était associé à une croissance staturo-pondérale plus lente entre 0 et 1 an et plus rapide entre 1 et 3 ans après ajustement sur les facteurs de confusion potentiels. Ce même profil était associé positivement à la consommation de fruits et légumes à 3 ans. Un ajustement supplémentaire sur la durée d’allaitement maternel atténuait les relations sans pour autant les faire disparaître totalement, suggérant un effet de l’ensemble de pratiques alimentaires dans la première année de vie sur les paramètres que nous avons étudiés. Conclusions : Ces résultats confirment l’importance des déterminants socioculturels sur les pratiques d’alimentation dans la première année de vie. Ils confirment également les liens entre l’alimentation précoce et d’une part la croissance dans les trois premières années de vie et d’autre part l’apprentissage des habitudes alimentaires ultérieures. La prise en compte dans la recherche de l’ensemble des pratiques alimentaires dans la première année de vie, lorsque l’on s’intéresse à leurs effets sur le développement de l’enfant doit être encouragée
Background: Early eating patterns can determine later eating habits and food preferences and they have been related child growth. In the literature, the determinants and health effects of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices have often been analyzed separately. Yet, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are interrelated and there are arguments to suggest that both influence later health. Objectives : We aimed to characterize feeding practices over the first year of life and to examine their associations with family and infant characteristics, with growth changes in the first 3 years of life, and their relations with food intake at 3 years of age. Methodes : Subjects were participants of the EDEN mother-child cohort. The study recruited 2,002 pregnant women aged 18-45 years attending their prenatal visit before 24 weeks’ gestation at Nancy and Poitiers University Hospitals between 2003 and 2006. Dietary practices and anthropometric measurements were collected through maternal self-report and clinical examinations at birth, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 months. Principal component analysis was applied to derive patterns from breastfeeding duration, age of introduction of complementary foods (CF) and type of food used at 1y (ready-prepared baby foods, home-made foods, ready-prepared ordinary foods). Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to analyze associations between feeding patterns, growth and food intake at 3 years of age. Results : i) The type infant formula (partially hydrolyzed, thickened, enriched in pre- or probiotic and others) used in the first four months of life was related to maternal return to employment, parity but not to infant growth in the same period. ii) Three major feeding patterns were identified in the EDEN study. The main source of variability in infant feeding was characterized by a pattern labeled ‘Late weaning and use of ready-prepared baby foods’. Older, more educated, primiparous women with high monthly income and recruited in Nancy ranked high on this pattern. The second pattern, labeled ‘Longer breastfeeding, late CF introduction and use of home-made foods’ was the closest to infant feeding guidelines. Mothers with high scores on this pattern were older, more educated and recruited in Poitiers. The third pattern labeled ‘Use of ordinary foods’ is more suggestive of infants having a less age-specific diet. Mothers ranking high on this pattern were often younger, multiparous and recruited in Nancy. iii) High scores on the second pattern were related to significant lower 0-1y weight and height change, higher 1-3y weight and height change and to a significant higher fruit and vegetables intake at 3 years of age after controlling for a wide range of potential confounding variables. An additional adjustment on breastfeeding duration attenuated the relationships without making them disappear completely, suggesting an effect of the overall feeding practices in the first year of life on the parameters that we studied. Conclusions : Our results confirm the importance of socio-cultural determinants on feeding practices over the first year of life. They also confirm the relations between early nutrition and growth in the first three years of life and later eating habits. Our results emphasize the need to consider infant feeding over the first year of life including breastfeeding duration, age of complementary foods introduction as well as type of foods used when examining effects of early infant feeding practices on later health

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Urtnasan, Nasandelger, and 巫松珊. "IMPROVING DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY IN MONGOLIAN FOOD INDUSTRY BASED ON A NOVEL HYBRID MCDMMODEL." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28099085989686248224.

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碩士
國立聯合大學
管理碩士學位學程
102
ABSTRACT Mongolian industry sector has been growing in certain level in recent years, however it`s not adequate growth if we compare the food sector`s GDP contribution to the industry sector. Effectively ensuring uninterrupted supply of safe and good-quality food is one of critical issues for Mongolia, which imports 70 percent of total food consumed. Also have direct effects to Mongolian economy and raises inflation in terms of exchange rate depreciation of MNT to USD while imported foods are 2 times bigger than the food production of Mongolia. On the other hand, diversification applies for the following reasons: small population, small market size and short business lifecycle period for any company that operates in different fields. Therefore, it`s crucial and important to use in diversification in food sector of Mongolia. My study emphasizes on what are the main impacting factors for successful diversification in food sector. I conducted research by using A Novel Hybrid MDCM model to investigate the factors affecting successful diversification in the Mongolian food industry. On the scope of my research, I collected and analyzed surveys from 16 experts (these experts are the top level management team or professionals of companies and government bodies which applied diversification in their business operation First, literature and expert questionnaire (Delphi method) are employed to construct four dimensions and 15 criteria. Second, the DEMATEL method for building a network relationship is then introduced. Next, the influential weights are calculated using DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP). Finally, based on VIKOR, strategies are evaluated and implemented for performance evaluation via a case study. The results will be found to improving the affecting factors to diversification strategy in Mongolian food industry as reference. Key words: Diversification, Food industry, DEMANTEL, DANP, VIKOR

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Chou, Way-Chin, and 周偉欽. "Diversification , Capital Expenditure and Performance - A Study on List of Food Companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c38w4s.

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碩士
中華科技大學
經營管理研究所
107
This study discusses the performance of enterprise of Taiwan food listed companies for capital expenditure and diversified management, taking 17 Taiwan-listed food stocks as samples from 2012 to 2018 , Regression analysis on the relationship between cumulative capital expenditure, diversification and enterprise scale for performance of enterprise during the period, The empirical research found that the overall impact of capital expenditure and firm size on the business performance of listed food companies has a significant impact, while the diversified operation has no significant impact on the performance of enterprise.

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ZHOU, PEI-LEI, and 周蓓蕾. "The sigaling effect of diversification : according to the cement, the food, and cable industry." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58766791283417803104.

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Ncube, Admiral. "Impact of livelihood diversification on household food security : the case of Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6905.

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This study examines the role of livelihood diversification in promoting household food security with particular reference to Hurungwe District in Zimbabwe. This focuses on assessing the contribution and impact of predominant livelihood diversification strategies in study area. The study employed qualitative methods of research entailing focus group discussions, observation, key informant interviews and literature review as methods of data collection. The study revealed that limited access to credit, skills development, markets and transport infrastructure weaken the efficacy of nonfarm livelihoods to improve food security. Key recommendations are that government, NGOs and communities must work in tandem to increase livelihood options for food insecure communities. Suggested strategies include increasing access to micro finance, vocational skills training and other support services paying attention to gender considerations. Areas requiring further investigation which emanated from the study include the impact of the shift to tobacco farming and how biotechnology has affected smallholder farmers.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)

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Ncube, Admiral. "Inpact of livelihood diversification on household food security : the case of Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6905.

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This study examines the role of livelihood diversification in promoting household food security with particular reference to Hurungwe District in Zimbabwe. This focuses on assessing the contribution and impact of predominant livelihood diversification strategies in study area. The study employed qualitative methods of research entailing focus group discussions, observation, key informant interviews and literature review as methods of data collection. The study revealed that limited access to credit, skills development, markets and transport infrastructure weaken the efficacy of nonfarm livelihoods to improve food security. Key recommendations are that government, NGOs and communities must work in tandem to increase livelihood options for food insecure communities. Suggested strategies include increasing access to micro finance, vocational skills training and other support services paying attention to gender considerations. Areas requiring further investigation which emanated from the study include the impact of the shift to tobacco farming and how biotechnology has affected smallholder farmers.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)

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Tien, Siang-Cheng, and 田相澄. "The Relationship among Diversification Strategy, Dynamic Capabilities, and Performance: The Case Study of Taiwanese Food Companies." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23450529551859911317.

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碩士
國立屏東商業技術學院
行銷與流通管理系(所)
98
As the Mainland China adopted economy reform policy, Taiwanese food companies have entered this market and gained good performance. Most of these food companies applied diversification strategies to seek business further growth. Want-Want group chose Non-related diversification strategy, while Ting Hsin group was dedicated to development of marketing channel. However, these diversification strategies are not all successful. The diversification success depended on firm’s core capabilities. Firms adopted diversification strategy as the major way to acquire rescources and to build or expand their core capabilities. Due to feasibility of explaining the interaction between firm’s internal strategies and external environment, this research applied dynamic capabilities theory to explore the diversification strategies of Taiwanese food companies and analyse how dynamic capabilities influenced their diversification development in China. To explore the long-turn development of firms, this research adopted case study. Because Want-Want group and Ting Hsin group are very successful in China, their experiences can be the best model for other Taiwanese corporations. This research treated the two groups as the research cases and then tried to find out how dynamic capabilities affect diversification strategies. This research finds that firms adopt related diversification strategy have better performance than those adopt unrelated diversification strategy. When firms possess higher degree of fitness in diversification strategy entry model, then they tend to have better diversification business performance. The higher the degree of fitness in diversification strategy entry model, the more likely the firms build position of dynamic capabilities. Finally, when firms possess stronger dynamic capabilities, then they have better performance even thought the fitness in diversification strategy entry model is low.

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Ghimire, Raju, and 吉米雷. "Income Diversification and Agricultural Technology Adoption: Implications for Rural Poverty Reduction and Food Security in Nepal." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67833102705850324812.

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博士
國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
104
The growing concern about increasing income of marginalized farmers and reducing food insecurity and rural poverty have been major policy agenda for low income countries. Adoption of yield increasing technology can chart a route for resource poor farmers to exit out of poverty, improve livelihoods and food security. Increasing agricultural productivity and improving sustainable livelihood of rural farmers is one of Nepal’s policy priorities. This study examines the adoption of improved agricultural technologies, in particular new generation modern rice and maize varieties, adoption intensity and their impact on family welfare among rural farm households in two agroecological regions of central Nepal. This study also evaluates the effects of household wealth on the adoption pattern of improved maize varieties (IMVs). Further, this study determines the factors influencing off-farm labor supply and its impact on farm households' food expenditure. Using various econometric models (Heckman's two-step estimator, Cragg's double-hurdle model), this empirical analysis clearly brings forth current issues on adoption literatures and suggests some policy implications suitable for South Asian context. We used cross-sectional farm-level data from 416 households, categorizing households into two wealth groups -- poorly endowed and well-endowed households -- and then estimated a double-hurdle model for adoption and intensity of adoption of IMVs for each group. The study found the presence of heterogeneous factors influencing adoption and intensity of adoption between poorly and well-endowed households, suggesting a need for wealth-group-specific policy interventions to increase adoption of IMVs and their subsequent impacts on food security. The results also indicated that the availability of seed in local retail outlets will benefit especially the poorly endowed farmers because distance to market showed a negative impact on adoption and intensity of adoption of IMVs. Therefore, government should establish a wide seed distribution network in rural areas, preferably by way of a public-private partnership (PPP), if the desired adoption rate and intensity of adoption are to be achieved. Linking farmers to markets by integrating farmers with potential buyers could help reduce transaction costs and make agriculture more profitable. Using Heckman's sample selection model, this study found a positive and significant impact of new-generation improved rice varieties (IRVs) on farm income, while distance to market and off-farm work exert a negative effect on farm income. The likelihood of adoption is mainly explained by age, education, extension service, seed access and consumers’ acceptability of rice grain. The results further revealed that farm size and land type have significant and positive influence on adoption of IRVs. Designing mechanisms to help promote IRVs adoption among poorer households by developing new varieties suited for rain-fed areas may be a reasonable policy instrument to generate higher incomes. The study also finds a quadratic life-cycle effect on the likelihood of off-farm labor supply. The results reveal that dependency ratio, distance to labor market, and farm size restrain off-farm labor supply, while the number of working adults, male head, and wealth index stimulate off-farm work participation. The result also shows that decisions to off-farm work positively affect the food expenditure of farm households. In particular, preference to dining at home reduces the food expenditure, while availability of food increases the food expenditure by farm households. The focus on promoting local food production, increasing food consumption and food security of rural people remain the foremost policy concern.

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LIN, TSUNG-TE, and 林宗德. "Exploring the Relationships among Diversification Strategies and Business Growth: The Case of the Food Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t5x5nt.

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碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理系研究所
104
Food industry is essential for people’s livelihood, and it is also a highly competitive industry. One managerial response to increased demand of high food quality in recent years is strategic diversification. In order to boost core competence, strategic diversification allows food enterprises to exploit new markets or related business to achieve corporate goals. Also, food enterprises implement unrelated diversification to enhance business growth. The difference between business groups and independent legal enterprises is that business groups are able to develop unrelated business with abundant resources inside groups. This study intends to explore case study and literature review at home and abroad, and the findings are as follows. First, the main reason why food enterprises implement related diversification is to respond to the pressure from environment changes, not to pursue business growth. Second, the structures of food enterprises follow strategic diversification. Third, the reason why food enterprises implement unrelated diversification is to pursue business growth, not to respond to the pressure from environment. Fourth, food enterprises tend to establish individual legal corporates to change structure and implement unrelated diversification. Fifth, the interaction between original and unrelated business is assisted by human resources. Sixth, the performance of unrelated business is better than original business at niche market. Finally, with internal resources, the business group member firms perform better than individual firms in unrelated business. With mentioned above, the result of this research could provide implications for strategic diversification and practical efforts.

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Tsao, Ｈui-Chen, and 曹慧珍. "Corporate Growth Strategy, Diversification Strategy and Corporate Performance-Empirical Study on Food Group Company between Two-Strait." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j3v2s7.

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碩士
中原大學
企業管理研究所
92
Abstract The purposes of the research are trying to discuss what factors between business growing stages and diversified strategies could influence the operational performance. In the business view, the reason of business existence is base on it that spent the least costs to maximize social value. In the same reasons, due to avoid operational risks some business managers would try to extend their business area to another one when business performance was grown to a certain degree and owned enough resources, no matter it rely on resource-handing thinking or lower down the transaction costs thinking. In the research we take certain food business groups for examples through the business growing stages consideration. Research structure was constructed through some relative literature review, the research try to discuss what factors between business growing stages and diversified strategies could influence the operational performance. Further we take business scale and experience of market investment as moderation factors to verify how it could influence operational performance. The research selects out nine food business groups between Taiwan and China as our research sample. By the result of the search it could be said that although there are some differences in business growing stages and diversified strategies between those groups, however their operational performance among the business growing stages are not different than others significantly. As we see extending business-relative product line first then developing channel performance is a better strategic choice when business uses non-relative diversified strategies. The research generalized some conclusions from the history of the food industry. The first growing stage of food industry is called basis consolidated period. In this stage those groups seek for product development, so they focus on product diversification. The second stage is called collaborated production period. In this stage they seek for building retailing system, so that they focus on vertical integration and channel development .The third stage is called resource moving period. In this stage they seek for brands and new business arrangement, so they take the market bottleneck in consider and then focus on relative business diversificatin. The fourth stage is called market integrated period. In the final stage they seek for the synergy of their business units. The main directions are keeping business profitable then focus on relative business diversification to maintain the group’s competency and market advantages.

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Wang, Pei-Wen, and 王姵文. "A study on Relationships between Diversification,and Corporation''s Characteristics and Entry Modes of Food Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08944331155853258481.

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碩士
東海大學
食品科學系
86
This study describes the relationship between diversification and corporation''s characteristics and entry modes of food industry in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to find the relationships between diversification, corporation''s characteristics and entry modes of the listed food companies by using discriminative analysis, and generalizes some trends of different types of diversification for those who will plan to diversify its corporations in the future.The study''s results discover that in the whole diversification, the main factor that influences diversification is a corporation''s scope, and to increase the sales revenue is their common aim.In the horizontal diversification, the corporations here have same characteristics in high assets and high manager education degree. In diversification''s entry modes ,they trend to using technical cooperation , internal investments and joint ventures of strategy alliances and to build a new department, a new product line in internal development.In the vertical diversification, the corporations here have same characteristics in high assets , high earning per share in a stock and high fixed rate. In diversification''s entry modes, they trend to using agency of sale in strategy alliance and internal development as entering into a new business.In unrelated diversification, the corporations here have some same characteristics of many employees than others, dual CEO in corporation. In diversification''s entry modes, they enter into new business by merger and acquisition.This study provides some advises of diversification for the food corporations to regulate their managing strategy if they want to diversify in the future. -1 -aA study on Relationships between Diversification,and Corporation''s Characteristics and Entry Modes of Food Industry in Taiwan-

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Ho, Tsung-Hsun, and 何宗勳. "A Study Of The Relationship Between Diversification And Financial Performance--Case Study On Taiwan Listed Food Manufacturing Companies." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26197827415396063691.

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碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理研究所
100
Abstract Most business owners want to expand the scale and territory after struggling from the harsh beginning and finding the patent of success. Especially, when listed on the board, the companies are able to withdraw money from the public. In the meantime, banks will find the doors of the companies, and offer loans with good conditions. At this stage, money pours into the company from all the directions with very low cost. In other words, the companies or the business owners dominate the unprecedented high level of resources. Meanwhile, business owners achieve their first peak of their career and eager to find the next one. They enlarge their business territories actively by diversification based on their past successful experience. Even, they attempt to develop their business into a group size. This essay discusses the relationship between diversification and financial performance of Taiwan listed food manufacturing companies. The data are collected over a decade span from 2002 to 2011.The indexes used in this essay to analyze the relationship between the diversification and financial performance are financial ratios, financial leverage rate, R.O.E and ROA. The conclusions of this study are as follows 1、The fund demand of the diversification will crowd out the operational fund and increase the interest expense at the same time. Some run the business without any debt like 1227佳格,1233天仁and 1234黑松. Some run the business with low debt like1203味王,1213大西洋；and1232大統益. The fund demand of diversification is met by the profit of the company. 2、Cash never come back to the mother company even the subsidiaries work out well and make a big fortune. The main reason is that they will keep investing into the local market especially when the market is growing like Chinese market. 3、In the companies with successful diversification, the revenue of consolidated financial statements excess that of the stand-alone ones. Some cases like 1203味王、1210大成長城、1216統一、1702南僑, the revenue of the subsidiaries is more than that of the mother companies. 4、The first choice of the market to invest as diversification is Mainland China and East – South Asia is the second choice. Keywords: Diversification, financial performance, R.O.E, ROA.

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Kalima, Edna. "A case study of the impact of irrigation on household food security in two villages in Chingale, Malawi /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/881.

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Babatunde, Raphael O. [Verfasser]. "Off-farm income diversification among rural households in Nigeria : impact on income, food security and nutrition / von Raphael O. Babatunde." 2009. http://d-nb.info/994232454/34.

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Hänke, Hendrik. "Livelihoods on the edge: farming household income, food security and resilience in southwestern Madagascar." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8774-E.

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Yanyan, Gao. "Diversification and reduction of loss of food: a business plan for production of avocado oil in Kenya for the Chinese market." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17837.

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This business plan aims to provide a guidance for the production of avocado oil in Kenya for the Chinese market. On one hand, there are abundant avocados in Kenya, but most of them are consumed locally or exported as fresh fruits with a great deal of wastage. On the other hand, avocado is now new favourite in China as a nutritious fruit often referred to as the “cream in forest”. Avocado oil is more and more popular in babies’ food supplement since the cancellation of One Child Policy. A lot of avocados produced in Kenya are sold to local markets or to the few exporters available. Those thrown unsold or rejected fruits due to size or shape are exactly excellent raw material for producing oil. Therefore, the production of avocado oil in Kenya for the Chinese markets will be a win-win trading by decreasing food loss and creating new jobs in Kenya and, at the same time meeting the ever-growing demands of healthy food for the up middle class population in China. Besides, agro-processing is a crucial part in the Kenya’s Vision 2030 economic plan. Producing oil from Kenyan avocado is a case of diversification of avocado products which has not been available in China so far. Hence, it is an attractive venture for a Chinese start-up to grow and fill in that niche market.
Este plano de negócios visa fornecer uma orientação para a produção de óleo de abacate no Quênia para os mercados chineses. Por um lado, há abundantes abacates no Quênia, mas a maioria deles é consumida localmente ou exportada como frutas frescas com muito desperdício. Por outro lado, abacate é agora apreciado na China como uma fruta nutritiva, muitas vezes referida como o "creme da floresta". O óleo de abacate é cada vez mais popular como suplemento alimentar para bebês desde a abolição da One Child Policy. Muitos abacates produzidos no Quênia são vendidos para mercados locais ou para os poucos exportadores disponíveis. As frutas descartadas ou não vendidas devido ao tamanho ou forma são excelentes matérias-primas para a produção de óleo. Portanto, a produção de óleo de abacate no Quênia para os mercados chineses será uma negociação Win-Win diminuindo a perda de alimentos e criando novos empregos no Quênia e ao mesmo tempo, atendendo às crescentes demandas de alimentos saudáveis para a população da classe média na China. Além disso, o processamento agrícola é uma parte crucial no plano econômico da Visão 2030 do Quênia. A produção de petróleo a partir do abacate queniano é um caso de diversificação de produtos de abacate, que até agora não estava disponível na China. Por isso, é um empreendimento atraente para uma start-up chinesa crescer e preencher esse nicho de mercado.

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Koch, Pamela Kathleen. "Primary commodity dependence and agricultural diversification : the role of organic agriculture in trade and the implications for food security in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7913.

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Sub-Saharan Africa is marginalised in the world economy and lags behind other developing regions in world trade. This is attributable to sub-Saharan Africa's inability to industrialise and diversify its exports base. Sub-Saharan Africa is still largely dependent on the exports of primary commodities, and agriculture is a vital export sector for many Sub-Saharan African economies with the majority of their exports reliant on traditional commodities. Most countries in the sub-Saharan African region have low levels of agricultural output and food security problems. Against this background, this study first discusses the problems associated with primary commodity dependence and then examines the need and economic rationale for sub-Saharan Africa to diversify its exports from agriculture into other sectors. From this, it follows that, diversifying agricultural production and exports into organic produce could be one way to create a more sustainable development path for sub-Saharan African trade and food security. With this in mind, this study discusses the economic viability, including the policy considerations, for organic product diversification in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, to ascertain the empirical position of this study, a statistical assessment of the supply-side food security situation in three sub-Saharan African major organic converters and exporters (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) is presented. The empirical results indicate that among the three countries, considering data trends and variances, Uganda's food security outlook is the most optimistic.
Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

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"A case study of the impact of irrigation on household food security in two villages in Chingale, Malawi." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/737.

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This case study investigated the impact of irrigation on household food security at Ibu and Kalizinje villages in Chingale, Malawi. The aim of the study was to investigate whether irrigation improved household food security. The study was qualitative in nature. Fifty-eight farmers and three World Vision field staff participated in the study. Group discussions with participatory techniques and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed qualitatively using matrix/logical analysis. Irrigation improved irrigating farmers’ household food security through an increase in production and income levels. Irrigating farmers were better off in terms of crop production and income levels than non-irrigating farmers. Irrigating farmers planted irrigated maize two to three times a year, while non-irrigating farmers planted rain-fed maize only once a year. In terms of income levels, irrigating farmers produced more food than households required, and sold surpluses. Most irrigating farmers began cash cropping after the introduction of irrigation and also earned higher incomes, as irrigation enabled production of crops during lean periods and enabled them to sell surpluses at higher prices. Irrigation did not improve crop diversification. Non-irrigating farmers diversified crops more than irrigating farmers by planting groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Income from irrigating farmers did not increase dietary diversity and the acquisition of assets for irrigating farmers. Few farmers consumed a variety of foods and few acquired assets with the income derived from irrigation. Nevertheless, irrigation has the potential to smooth production cycles and provide food and income during seasons when food and income would be low. In addition, the study revealed the following as problems faced by farmers: constraining size of small diesel pumps, pump breakdown at Kalizinje, floods, pests and diseases, storage problems, lack of market places and poor roads, small land sizes, and expensive farm inputs.
Thesis (M.Sc..)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

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Bougma, Karim. "Huile de palme rouge au Burkina Faso: Qualité et consommation par les femmes de la zone de production et impact sur leur statut en vitamine A." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3012.

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Dans le cadre de la recherche d’appui à la phase III du projet huile de palme rouge (HPR) au Burkina Faso, une étude de base a porté sur 150 femmes de la zone de production échantillonnées par la méthode aléatoire géographique. Leur statut en vitamine A (VA) a été évalué par HPLC et leurs apports alimentaires par un questionnaire de fréquence de consommation. Les connaissances, les perceptions, les habitudes d’utilisation et de consommation de l’HPR ont été explorées par un questionnaire pré-testé administré au domicile des participantes. Une étude comparative sur la qualité nutritionnelle, physico-chimique, microbiologique et sensorielle de 13 échantillons d’HPR de différentes provenances a été également réalisée. La prévalence de faibles rétinolémies était de 10,7% et les apports en VA provenaient à 90% des aliments d’origine végétale. Seules 5,9% des femmes productrices présentaient une faible rétinolémie, comparativement à 20,8% des femmes non-productrices d’HPR. Les échantillons d’HPR présentaient un profil satisfaisant mais quelques-uns étaient limites au plan microbiologique. En outre, aucun échantillon ne se distinguait nettement selon tous les paramètres de qualité étudiés. Cette étude démontre que les aliments d’origine végétale riches en caroténoïdes provitaminiques A, dont l’HPR qui en est la meilleure source, peuvent permettre d’avoir un statut adéquat en VA. Les risques de contamination de l’HPR au stade de la vente au détail impliquent une sensibilisation et une formation aux pratiques exemplaires de manipulation. Mots clés : Huile de palme rouge, vitamine A, diversification alimentaire, qualité, Burkina Faso.
The research activities of the phase III of the Red Palm Oil (RPO) project in Burkina Faso included a baseline study with 150 women of the RPO production area randomly selected by the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) random walk method. Their vitamin A (VA) status was assessed by HPLC and their dietary intake of VA by a food frequency questionnaire. The knowledge, perceptions, use and consumption patterns of RPO were assessed by individual interviews with a questionnaire. A comparative study on the physico-chemical, nutritional, microbiological and sensory quality of 13 RPO samples from different countries was also carried. The prevalence of low serum retinol was 10.7% and the dietary intake of VA was provided up to 90% by plant foods. Only 5.9% of women involved in RPO production presented a low retinol compared with 20.8% of women not producing RPO. The quality of the RPO samples was adequate although the microbiological counts were borderline for some samples. None of the samples presented an outstanding quality profile according to the criteria used. The study shows that provitamin A-rich plant foods, and RPO in particular as the highest source, can sustain an adequate VA status. The risk of contamination of RPO during retailing needs to be tackled through awareness and training in best manipulation practices. Key words: Red palm oil, vitamin A, food diversification, quality, Burkina Faso.

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Henriques, Marisa. "Promoção da alimentação saudável desde do nascimento até aos 2 anos de vida: A atuação do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/34275.

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Os dois primeiros anos de vida do ser humano são certamente os momentos mais desafiadores e conquistadores que podemos presenciar. Os seus desenvolvimen-tos físicos, cognitivos e sociais remetem-se muito para a sua conquista individual apoi-ada na promoção da saúde, os seus pais/cuidadores/pessoa significativa atribuem. E tudo isto é fundamental de forma a promover, desenvolver hábitos e estilos de vida sau-dáveis que futuramente rentabilizam para uma sociedade mais saudável. Existem inú-meras recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde e todas elas enaltecem a importância do aleitamento materno, a introdução e a diversificação alimentar, promo-vendo uma alimentação saudável e equilibrada. Assim, os dois primeiros anos de vida fundamentais no combate da obesidade e de outras patologias relacionadas com a ali-mentação. O atual relatório, no âmbito do mestrado de enfermagem com a área de especi-alização de saúde infantil e pediátrica vem enaltecer o percurso formativo realizado ao longo do estágio final, onde apresentamos o projeto de intervenção e a sua implemen-tação, nas suas várias etapas, segundo a metodologia de trabalho de projeto, susten-tando no modelo de promoção de saúde de Nola Pender. Demonstramos também as competências comuns e especificas do enfermeiro especialista em saúde infantil e pe-diátrica, de mestre em enfermagem, alicerçados nos modelos de parcerias de cuidados de Anne Casey
The first two years in the life of a human being life are certainly the most chal-lenging, while providing the greatest achievements that we can witness. The child's phys-ical, cognitive and social development depends on individual achievements supported by the health promotion provided by their parents / caregivers. Therefore, it is essential to promote and develop healthy lifestyles that may foster healthier societies. There are several recommendations from the World Health Organization regarding healthy eating in children up to two years old and they all highlight the importance of breastfeeding, the introduction and diversification of food, promoting a healthy and balanced diet. The first two years of life are fundamental in preventing obesity and other food related patholo-gies. This report, within the scope of the master's degree in nursing with the speciali-zation in child and pediatric health, shows the training path carried out during the final project. It depicts a project development and implementation, in its diferent stages, ac-cording the work methodology, supported by Nola Pender's health promotion model. Common and specific skills of the nurse specialized in child and pediatric health are emphasized, based on Anne Casey's care partnership models

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Cifuentes-Rojas, Catherine. "Duplication and Diversification of Arabidopsis thaliana Telomerase RNP Components." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-9004.

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Telomerase is a highly regulated ribonucleoprotein complex that stabilizes eukaryotic genomes by replenishing telomeric repeats on chromosome ends. Defects in telomerase RNP components involving the catalytic subunit TERT or the RNA template TER lead to stem cell-related diseases such as dyskeratosis congenita and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, while inappropriate telomerase expression is a rate-limiting step in carcinogenesis. In this study we report the discovery of a novel negative regulatory mechanism for telomerase that stems from duplication and diversification of key components of the telomerase RNP in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that Arabidopsis encodes three distinct TERs: TER1, TER2 and a processed form of TER2 termed TER2S. Although all three RNAs can serve as templates for telomerase in vitro, in vivo they have different expression patterns, assemble into distinct RNPs with different protein binding partners, and play opposing roles in telomere maintenance. The TER1 RNP is analogous to the telomerase enzyme previously described in other eukaryotes, but the TER2 RNP is a negative regulator of telomerase activity and telomere maintenance in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Protection Of Telomeres (POT1) paralogs in Arabidopsis (POT1a, POT1b and POT1c) are novel TER binding proteins. This finding is striking because in yeast and vertebrates, POT1 is an essential component of the telomere capping complex and functions to distinguish the chromosome terminus from a double-strand break. Thus, our data argue that Arabidopsis POT1 proteins have migrated off of the chromosome terminus and onto the telomerase RNP, indicating that duplication and diversification of Arabidopsis telomerase may be the end result of the co-evolution of the TER and POT1 RNP components. Additionally, given the dire consequences of misregulating telomerase in human cells, our discovery of a novel negative regulatory mechanism for telomerase in plants strongly suggests that additional modes of telomerase control remain to be elucidated in vertebrates.

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Kesa, Hema. "The impact of dietary diversification on the nutritional status of pregnant women in the Vaal Region." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/272.

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Abstract:

D. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR management), Vaal University of Technology
The main objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective, culturally acceptable, nutrient-dense food multimix (FMM) based on local food staples for pregnant women in the Vaal region. The impact of the consumption of the multimix on the nutritional status of the women, dietary diversity and outcomes of pregnancy was assessed in an intervention study by measuring the same variables as for a pilot study where the nutritional status of pregnant women was determined. Compliance was measured through monitoring of the FMM consumption and sensory evaluation tests. Quantitative food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) and 24-hour recall questionnaires were completed in interviews. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were recorded. The pilot study indicated that the mean total iron intake was 9,74 mg/day, below the estimated average requirement (EAR) of 22 mg/day for pregnant women. Therefore, 41,7 per cent of the women were found to be iron deficient and 50 per cent suffered from iron deficiency anaemia. Food consumed supplied little iron. Eighty per cent of the women were overweight before falling pregnant. Based on the pilot study, the FMM was developed and subjected to the following processes: chemical analysis, shelf life tests, recipe development and sensory evaluation. The product was then implemented in an intervention programme. A control group of pregnant women received soup powder. The respondents were relatively healthy and did not suffer from any chronic diseases. According to the nutrient intakes measured by the QFFQ, indicating usual dietary intakes, the iron intake of 87,5 per cent of the experimental group and 94 per cent of the control group fell below the EAR before intervention. After the intervention it improved in that the iron intake of 35,2 per cent of the experimental group and 33,3 per cent of the control group fell below the EAR. The top 10 items consumed by the experimental group during pre- and post-intervention were mainly rich in carbohydrates. Food containing iron absorption inhibitors such as tannin in tea and phytates in maize meal and bread were among the top 10 foods listed. The highest number of individual food items consumed by an individual in seven days was 39 before the intervention and 52 after the intervention, among the experimental group. The individual food variety improved after the intervention. The reason for this could be the inclusion of the FMM in their diets. The majority of the respondents consumed eight to nine of the nutritious food groups before and after the intervention. The mean food variety score (FVS) for the control group was 38,9 (±10,5) before the intervention, which decreased to 35,8 (±8,39) after the intervention. No improvement in FVS was observed after the intervention in the control group and the FVS indicated medium dietary diversity (30-60 food items). The post-intervention results show that there was an improvement in most of the iron variables. The experimental group showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements in transferrin and haematocrit levels and the control group in haematocrit levels. All the babies born to the mothers of both the experimental and control groups were healthy with measurements in the normal range. The reason for this could be that the inclusion of the FMM and soup powder in the diets of the experimental and control group, respectively, made the women more aware of the importance of pregnancy monitoring. Furthermore, the attention given to the women by the clinic sisters and the researchers could have contributed to all the improvements mentioned.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Food diversification'

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