Journal articles: 'Food-induced symptoms'

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Ahrens, Birgit, Kirsten Beyer, Ulrich Wahn, and Bodo Niggemann. "Differential diagnosis of food-induced symptoms." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 19, no. 1 (January 10, 2008): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00677.x.

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Sharma, Hemant P., Shweta Bansil, and Burcin Uygungil. "Signs and Symptoms of Food Allergy and Food-Induced Anaphylaxis." Pediatric Clinics of North America 62, no. 6 (December 2015): 1377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2015.07.008.

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Ahrens, B., A. Mehl, S. Lau, L. Kroh, K. Magdorf, U. Wahn, K. Beyer, and B. Niggemann. "Think twice: Misleading food-induced respiratory symptoms in children with food allergy." Pediatric Pulmonology 49, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): E59—E62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.22816.

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Gawryjołek, Julia, and Aneta Krogulska. "Food-induced anaphylaxis in children up to 3-years-old— preliminary study." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i4.190.

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Introduction and objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of food-induced anaphylaxis, analyze the symptoms, and the trigger factors in the group of the youngest children. The additional aim of the study is to estimate the frequency of anaphylaxis episodes in the population of children in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship.Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 29 children aged 0–3 years that presented symptoms of food-induced anaphylaxis. Medical charts were reviewed using a collection of documents with the clinical data.Results: The frequency of anaphylaxis was determined to be 0.3% of all hospitalized children aged 0–3 years and 1.9% of children suspected of food allergy. The mean age of an anaphylactic reaction was 12 ± 9 months. The most common symptom was mild-moderate urticaria. The respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent in toddlers than in infants (p = 0.148). Cardiac symptoms occurred only in the infant group, that is, in two (11%) infants. As a possible cause of the symptoms, in 18 (62%) cases, parents most often indicated the consumption of milk or milk-rice porridge. Anaphylaxis as the first manifestation of food-allergy was significantly more prevalent in infants than in older children (p = 0.0002).Conclusions: The incidence of anaphylactic reactions rated at 0.3% of all children hospitalized at this age. The most common symptoms of anaphylactic reaction were skin lesions. The primary cause of allergic reactions was cow’s milk after first exposure at home. Anaphylaxis has different patterns of symptoms depending on the age of the child.

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Gawryjołek, Julia, and Aneta Krogulska. "Food-induced anaphylaxis in children up to 3-years-old – preliminary study." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i3.77.

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Introduction and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of food-induced anaphylaxis, analyze the symptoms, and triggering factors in a group of youngest children. Also, the study aims to estimate the frequency of anaphylaxis episodes in children in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship region.Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 29 children aged 0–3 years that presented symptoms of food-induced anaphylaxis. Medical charts were reviewed using a collection of documents with the clinical data.Results: The frequency of anaphylaxis was determined to be 0.3% of all hospitalized children aged 0–3 years and 1.9% of children suspected of food allergy. The mean age of an anaphylactic reaction was 12±9 months. The most common symptom was mild-moderate urticaria. The respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent in toddlers than in infants (p = 0.148). Cardiac symptoms occurred only in the infant group, i.e., in two (11%) infants. As a possible cause of the symptoms, in 18 (62%) cases, parents most often indicated the consumption of milk or milk-rice porridge. Anaphylaxis as the first manifestation of food-allergy was significantly more prevalent in infants than in older children (p = 0.0002).Conclusions: The incidence of anaphylactic reactions rated at 0.3% of all children hospitalized at this age. The most common symptoms of anaphylactic reaction were skin lesions. The primary cause of allergic reactions was cow’s milk after the first exposure at home. Anaphylaxis has different patterns of symptoms depending on the age of the child.

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Duncanson, Kerith, Grace Burns, Jennifer Pryor, Simon Keely, and Nicholas J. Talley. "Mechanisms of Food-Induced Symptom Induction and Dietary Management in Functional Dyspepsia." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041109.

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Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction, characterised by upper gastrointestinal symptom profiles that differentiate FD from the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although the two conditions often co-exist. Despite food and eating being implicated in FD symptom induction, evidence-based guidance for dietetic management of FD is limited. The aim of this narrative review is to collate the possible mechanisms for eating-induced and food-related symptoms of FD for stratification of dietetic management. Specific carbohydrates, proteins and fats, or foods high in these macronutrients have all been reported as influencing FD symptom induction, with removal of ‘trigger’ foods or nutrients shown to alleviate symptoms. Food additives and natural food chemicals have also been implicated, but there is a lack of convincing evidence. Emerging evidence suggests the gastrointestinal microbiota is the primary interface between food and symptom induction in FD, and is therefore a research direction that warrants substantial attention. Objective markers of FD, along with more sensitive and specific dietary assessment tools will contribute to progressing towards evidence-based dietetic management of FD.

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Berstad, Arnold, Ragnhild Undseth, Ragna Lind, and Jørgen Valeur. "Functional bowel symptoms, fibromyalgia and fatigue: A food-induced triad?" Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 47, no. 8-9 (May 18, 2012): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2012.690045.

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Tam, Jonathan S. "Food protein‐induced proctocolitis and enteropathy." Journal of Food Allergy 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200017.

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Non-IgE (immunoglobulin E) mediated gastrointestinal food allergies include several separate clinical entities, including food protein‐induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) and food protein‐induced enteropathy (FPE). Although FPIAP and FPE both primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract, their presentations are vastly different. FPIAP presents with bloody stools in otherwise healthy infants, whereas FPE presents with chronic diarrhea, vomiting, malabsorption, and hypoproteinemia. These both typically present in infancy and resolve by early childhood. Although the presenting signs and symptoms may be different, management is similar in that both require avoidance of the suspected causal food.

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Błażowski, Łukasz, Ryszard Kurzawa, and Paweł Majak. "Food-induced anaphylaxis in children – state of art." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 17, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2021.0001.

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Food-induced anaphylaxis is the most frequent type of anaphylaxis and the most common cause of fatal acute hypersensitivity reactions in children. It typically occurs after accidental food exposure, after inhalation of food allergen, cutaneous contact and controlled oral food challenge. There is no consensus on a universal clinical definition of anaphylaxis or a uniform symptoms severity score. Recent advances in molecular allergology allow, in many cases, the detailed identification of the allergenic molecule responsible for anaphylaxis. Along with the development of precision medicine, new phenotypes and endotypes of anaphylaxis are being defined. The anaphylaxis course is entirely unpredictable, and even initially mild symptoms may herald a potentially fatal reaction. At the same time, a significant proportion of immediate food hypersensitivity episodes are mild and known as systemic allergic reactions. The occurrence and severity of clinical course of food-induced anaphylaxis are influenced by factors related directly to the child, coexisting diseases, the type and the nature of the allergen, or the presence of cofactors. The unpredictable course of anaphylaxis justifies immediate treatment based on rapid intramuscular administration of adrenaline, regardless of severity. Delayed adrenaline administration is associated with higher incidence of severe course and death. Appropriate and prompt treatment of anaphylaxis is even more critical during the COVID-19 pandemic due to difficult access to medical facilities, hence current treatment plans for food-induced anaphylaxis emphasise the need to administer adrenaline immediately after the onset of the first, even mild, but rapidly progressive symptoms and recommend that the patient have at least two adrenaline autoinjectors.

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Niggemann, B. "Who should manage infants and young children with food induced symptoms?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 91, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.086603.

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Labrosse, Roxane, François Graham, and Jean-Christoph Caubet. "Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in Children: An Update." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072086.

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Non-immunoglobulin E-mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders (non-IgE-GI-FA) include food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), which present with symptoms of variable severity, affecting the gastrointestinal tract in response to specific dietary antigens. The diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FA is made clinically, and relies on a constellation of typical symptoms that improve upon removal of the culprit food. When possible, food reintroduction should be attempted, with the documentation of symptoms relapse to establish a conclusive diagnosis. Management includes dietary avoidance, nutritional counselling, and supportive measures in the case of accidental exposure. The prognosis is generally favorable, with the majority of cases resolved before school age. Serial follow-up to establish whether the acquisition of tolerance has occurred is therefore essential in order to avoid unnecessary food restriction and potential consequent nutritional deficiencies. The purpose of this review is to delineate the distinctive clinical features of non-IgE-mediated food allergies presenting with gastrointestinal symptomatology, to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis driving these diseases, to discuss recent findings, and to address currents gaps in the knowledge, to guide future management opportunities.

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Manappallil, Robin George, and Thushara Anand. "Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis following intake of nuts." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v11i4.28904.

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Allergic reactions can be mild or life threatening. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a severe form of allergic reaction in which symptoms develop only after exercising within a few hours of eating a specific food. The condition is, at times, underdiagnosed. Proper history taking is essential, especially when patients present with allergic reactions after exertion and food intake. The patient being described developed FDEIA because of exercising after eating nuts.

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Rho, Sang-Gyun. "Sweet food improves chronic stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in rats." World Journal of Gastroenterology 20, no. 9 (2014): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2365.

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Ukleja-Sokołowska, Natalia, Robert Zacniewski, Ewa Gawrońska-Ukleja, Magdalena Żbikowska-Gotz, Kinga Lis, Łukasz Sokołowski, Rafał Adamczak, and Zbigniew Bartuzi. "Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a patient allergic to peach." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 32 (January 2018): 205873841880315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058738418803154.

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Determining the single factor that triggered anaphylactic shock can be challenging. We present an interesting case of a 25-year-old female patient with recurrent anaphylactic reactions developing after eating various foods, particularly in presence of co-factors of allergic reactions. Symptoms occurred after consumption of various kinds of foods – peach, pancakes with cottage cheese and fruit, a meal from a Chinese restaurant – all eaten on other occasions without symptoms. During diagnosis, skin prick tests were negative for all tested allergen extracts (both inhalatory and food) from Allergopharma. Prick by prick tests were positive for the peach – wheal diameter – 6 mm, nectarine – 4 mm (histamine 4 mm, negative control 0 mm). Increased levels of asIgE were found for allergens of peach (0.55 kU/L).Open challenge test with one mid-size peach combined with the physical exercise challenge test was positive. ImmunoCAP ISAC test indicated increased levels of IgE specific for the lipid transfer protein (LTP) for walnut (nJug r 3), peach (Pru p 3), wheat (rTri a 14) and plane tree (rPla a 3). The patient was diagnosed with food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis associated with an allergy to lipid transport proteins (LTPs).

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Hoxha, Mehmet, Albana Deliu, Elida Nikolla, Gjustina Loloci, and Tritan Kalo. "A Severe Case of Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis in Adulthood." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.088.

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Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA), is a severe form of allergy for which the ingestion of a specific food, usually before physical exercise induces symptoms of anaphylaxis. Patients typically have IgE antibodies to the food that triggers the reactions; however, the symptoms appear only if the co-factors act together. The most common reported cause of these reactions seems to be wheat. In some cases FDEIA is displayed even when the food is eaten immediately after exercise, showing that in FDEIA, not the sequence but rather the coincidence of triggering factors use, is of crucial importance. The risk to develop anaphylaxis in these patients depends on the presence and, in some cases, on the amount of cofactors of anaphylaxis. There are lots of evidences about the role of NSAIDs as cofactors of anaphylaxis.

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Gregersen, Kine, Ragna A. Lind, Tormod Bjørkkjaer, Livar Frøyland, Arnold Berstad, and Gulen Arslan Lied. "Effects of Seal Oil on Meal-Induced Symptoms and Gastric Accommodation in Patients with Subjective Food Hypersensitivity: A Pilot Study." Clinical Medicine. Gastroenterology 1 (January 2008): CGast.S1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cgast.s1028.

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Background Food hypersensitivity is a prevalent condition with poorly characterized underlying mechanisms. In the present pilot study we investigated effects of seal oil and soy oil on meal-induced symptoms and gastric accommodation in patients with subjective food hypersensitivity (FH). Single dose experiment: On three consecutive days, 10 mL of seal oil, soy oil, or saline were randomly administered into the duodenum of 10 patients with subjective FH and 10 healthy volunteers through a nasoduodenal feeding tube 10-20 minutes before the ingestion of a test meal. Short-term treatment study: 24 patients with subjective FH were randomly allocated to 10 days’ treatment with either 10 mL of seal or soy oil, self-administrated through an indwelling nasoduodenal feeding tube, 3 times daily. In both experiments meal-induced abdominal symptoms and gastric accommodation were measured by visual analogue scales and external ultrasound respectively. Results Symptoms and gastric accommodation were not significantly influenced by single doses of seal or soy oil. When given daily for 10 days, seal oil, but not soy oil, reduced total symptom scores significantly ( P = 0.03). The symptomatic improvement was not associated with improvements in gastric accommodation. Conclusion Daily administration of seal oil may benefit patients with subjective FH. The beneficial effect of seal oil in patients with subjective FH can not be ascribed to improved gastric accommodation.

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Varshney, Pooja, and Jacqueline A. Pongracic. "Clinical manifestations of immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergy, including pollen‐food allergy syndrome." Journal of Food Allergy 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200002.

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Immunoglobulin E-(IgE) mediated food allergy affects people of all ages but does not have a consistent presentation and may result in various manifestations, even for an individual. The onset of symptoms is usually quite rapid, minutes to a few hours after consumption of the allergen, although exceptions exist. Cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common clinical manifestations; however, they are not present in all allergic reactions. Clinicians, particularly those in emergency care settings, need to be aware that the lack of cutaneous manifestations does not exclude the possibility of anaphylaxis. It is extremely unusual for food allergy reactions to present with isolated upper or lower respiratory symptoms, nor is chronic urticaria a manifestation of food allergy. Clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated food allergy range from mild to severe and, in rare cases, can be fatal. Mild, localized reactions, such as those that occur in pollen‐food allergy syndrome, occur in individuals with sensitization to pollens. A small proportion of patients with this syndrome develop anaphylaxis. Alcohol, medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antacids), physical exertion, increased body temperature, acute infection, and menstruation are factors that are known to augment the severity of food-induced allergic reactions.

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Karadan, Ummer, Robin George Manappallil, Ivin Panakkel Zacharia, and Thushara Anand. "Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis with seizure: a case report." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v11i4.28927.

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Exercise has been associated with several systemic reactions. These reactions can vary from mild symptoms to life threatening situations like anaphylaxis. In many of these cases, a predisposing factor in the form of food has been noticed. People may develop anaphylaxis on exercising after consumption of a nonspecific or specific food item. The patient being described developed anaphylaxis with seizure on exercising after having his meal. Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare scenario. Proper history taking is essential, as it can be lifesaving.

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Malik, V., S. Ghosh, and T. J. Woolford. "Rhinitis due to food allergies: fact or fiction?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 6 (December 8, 2006): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106005147.

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Food allergy is often thought to be a cause of rhinitis by patients, whose views are frequently influenced by information obtained from the Internet. The incidence of food allergy in children is 2–8 per cent, although a vast majority will grow out of it, and food allergy is actually very rare in adults. Food allergy usually presents with multi-system involvement, most commonly cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms. Food allergy induced rhinitis is less common, and isolated rhinitis due to food allergy is extremely rare. Treatment for rhinitis due to food allergy is therefore rarely indicated.This review summarises the literature related to the incidence, diagnosis and management of food allergy and food allergy induced rhinitis.

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Miceli Sopo, Stefano, Mariannita Gelsomino, Serena Rivetti, and Ester Del Vescovo. "Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Proposals for New Definitions." Medicina 55, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060216.

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Acute food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated allergy and is characterized by repetitive profuse vomiting episodes, often in association with pallor, lethargy, and diarrhea, presenting within 1–4 h from the ingestion of a triggering food. In 2017, the international consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of FPIES were published. They cover all aspects of this syndrome, which in recent decades has attracted the attention of pediatric allergists. In particular, the consensus proposed innovative diagnostic criteria. However, the diagnosis of acute FPIES is still currently discussed because the interest in this disease is relatively recent and, above all, there are no validated panels of diagnostic criteria. We propose some ideas for reflection on the diagnostic and suspicion criteria of acute FPIES with exemplary stories of children certainly or probably suffering from acute FPIES. For example, we believe that new definitions should be produced for mild forms of FPIES, multiple forms, and those with IgE-mediated symptoms. Moreover, we propose two clinical criteria to suspect acute FPIES and to refer the child to the diagnostic oral food challenge.

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Yanagida, Noriyuki, Yuu Okada, Hasegawa Yukiko, Taro Miura, Ishida Wako, Yumi Koike, Kiyotake Ogura, et al. "Food allergy and anaphylaxis – 2054. Easy-to-use severity grading system for treatment of symptoms induced by oral food challenge." World Allergy Organization Journal 6 (2013): P137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-6-s1-p137.

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Miura, Taro, Noriyuki Yanagida, Sakura Sato, Yumi Koike, Kiyotake Ogura, Katsuhito Iikura, Takatsugu Komata, et al. "Food allergy and anaphylaxis – 2059. Mild symptoms induced by oral food challenge are not always associated with failed challenge results." World Allergy Organization Journal 6 (2013): P142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-6-s1-p142.

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Jung, Sun Young, Hye‐Joeng See, Da‐Ae Kwon, Dae‐Woon Choi, So‐Young Lee, Dong‐Hwa Shon, and Hee Soon Shin. "Silkworm dropping extract regulates food allergy symptoms via inhibition of Th2‐related responses in an ovalbumin‐induced food allergy model." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, no. 15 (October 8, 2019): 7008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9993.

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Scarpa, Alfonso, Massimo Ralli, Pasquale Viola, Claudia Cassandro, Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli, Maurizio Iengo, Giuseppe Chiarella, Marco de Vincentiis, Michele Cavaliere, and Ettore Cassandro. "Food-induced stimulation of the antisecretory factor to improve symptoms in Meniere’s disease: our results." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 277, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05682-4.

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Cetinkaya, Pınar Gur, Melike Kahveci, Betül Karaatmaca, Saliha Esenboga, Umit Murat Sahiner, Bulent Enis Sekerel, and Ozge Soyer. "Predictors for late tolerance development in food protein‐induced allergic proctocolitis." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): e11-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.190017.

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Background: Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is a non‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy that typically presents with blood-mixed mucoid stool. Objective: To identify the predictors that affect the tolerance development in infants with FPAIP and laboratory as well as clinical differences between patients with early and with late tolerance. Methods: A total of 185 infants with FPIAP were included. The patients were grouped and analyzed based on laboratory tests and clinical characteristics. Results: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of onset of symptoms was 2.0 months (1.0‐3.0 months). Symptoms began in severe cases in patients (n = 23) at a younger median (IQR) age (1.5 months [0.7‐2.0 months]) than the group with nonsevere presentation (median 2.0 months [IQR 1.5‐3.0 months]) (p < 0.001). The frequency of neutropenia (<1500/mm3) (p = 0.045) and eosinophilia (450 mm3) (p = 0.018) was increased in severe cases. Concomitant IgE-related food allergy (odds ratio [OR] 3.595 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.096‐11.788], p = 0.035), non‐IgE-mediated multiple food allergy (OR 3.577 [95% CI, 1.595‐8.018], p = 0.002), feeding with cow's milk‐based formula (at least once during infancy) (OR 2.517 [95% CI, 1.188‐5.333], p = 0.016), and late complementary feeding (OR 5.438 [95% CI, 2.693‐10.981], p < 0.001) were the predictors for late tolerance development. The estimated optimal cutoff value for introduction of complementary foods for the resolution of allergy was 5.5 months, with 69.4% sensitivity, 74.4% specificity, and an area under the curve of 0.737 (95% CI, 0.626‐0.812) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the early introduction of complementary feeding accelerates tolerance development in FPAIP. A longer duration of an elimination diet has no impact on the resolution of allergy. Physicians should consider conservative avoidance measures and earlier introduction of complementary feeding in FPIAP.

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Khanna, Neha, and Kirtika Patel. "FPIES: Reviewing the Management of Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1621827.

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Purpose of Review.The aim of this review is to provide a case driven presentation of the presenting features and diagnostic criteria particularly focusing on the management of FPIES. It also summarises the natural history and resolution of cow’s milk induced FPIES.Data Sources.OvidSP Database was used to search for literature using the keywords food protein-induced enterocolitis and FPIES.Recent Findings.The diagnosis of FPIES is often delayed following two or more presentations. Symptoms in the acute form include profuse vomiting usually 2–6 hours following ingestion of food. Vomiting may or may not be accompanied by diarrhoea. Management involves removing the causal food protein from diet. There is some concomitance in cow’s milk and soya induced FPIES. Hence extensively hydrolysed formula is the milk of choice unless breast-feeding is carried out in which case that should be continued.Summary.FPIES is a complex form of non-IgE mediated food allergy. More awareness and knowledge of the condition are required to prevent misdiagnosis. Early diagnosis and removal of the culprit food protein improve the outcome. Good nutritional advice and clear management plans are important. More multicentre studies are required to reevaluate and produce consistent oral food challenge criteria and guidelines.

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Takahashi, Masaya, Shoichiro Taniuchi, Kazuhiko Soejima, Kyoko Sudo, Yasuko Hatano, and Kazunari Kaneko. "New efficacy of LTRAs (montelukast sodium): it possibly prevents food-induced abdominal symptoms during oral immunotherapy." Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 10, no. 1 (2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-10-3.

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Rubinek, Tami, Dorit Pud, Gil Har-Zahav, Zvi Symon, Yael Laitman, and Ido Wolf. "A genetic variant of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C (HTR3C): A novel link to chemotherapy-induced side effects." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9630.

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9630 Background: Symptom clusters are defined as three or more concurrent symptoms that are related to each other. Clusters may stem from common physiological mechanisms and may better represent adverse effects to chemotherapy compared to individual symptoms. We aimed to identify association between the experience of symptom clusters and specific genetic alterations. Methods: Study population consisted of 108 breast cancer patients who received over two cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) treatment at the oncology institute of the Sheba Medical Center. Participants completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, the Lee Fatigue Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify patients' subgroups based on their symptom experience. For the genetic analyses, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes were tested using restriction endonuclease assays. Results: Two distinct subgroups were identified based on severity of fatigue, depression, nausea, and change in food tastes: "all high" (n=79) and "all low" (n=29) level of all symptoms. As patients did not have active cancer, symptoms were attributed solely to chemotherapy. A genetic variant of HTR3C (rs6766410) results in a substitution of asparagine to lysine (N163K) may be associated with nausea and vomiting. We tested the association between this variant and symptom score. 51 of 75 (68%) patients with high symptom score harbored the variant allele, compared to 13 of 28 (46%) of those with low symptom score (p=0.038). Conclusions: Analysis of genetic background of clusters, rather than for individual symptoms, represents a novel approach for the study of chemotherapy-induced side effects. This approach enabled the identification of HTR3C variant as a possible mediator of side effects following treatment with AC. Discovering the genetic basis of symptom clusters may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities able to improve symptom management. This may translate to improved outcome among chemotherapy-treated cancer patients.

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Błażowski, Łukasz, Ryszard Kurzawa, and Paweł Majak. "The usefulness of molecular diagnosis in the assessment of the aetiology, clinical phenotypes and risk of food-induced anaphylaxis in children." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 17, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2021.0020.

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Aim: Food-induced anaphylaxis is most common in the paediatric population and has an unpredictable course. The aim of this paper was to perform a demographic and clinical assessment of food-induced anaphylaxis in children using molecular diagnosis. Materials and methods: The study included 541 children aged 0–18 years who developed 893 sudden reactions to food. Levels of IgEs against 112 allergen molecules were measured in each child. We analysed demographic and clinical data in two age groups. The aetiology of anaphylaxis was determined at the level of source allergens and at the level of allergen molecules. We also determined the risk factors for severe clinical course of reactions. Results: A total of 631 food-induced anaphylactic reactions developed by 421 children were included in the analysis. The group of children aged 0–6 years was mostly composed of boys (p = 0.0023) and children with atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0001). Also, cutaneous and mucosal symptoms were more common (p < 0.0001), and milk casein, Bos d 8, was the most common cause of anaphylaxis in this group (p < 0.0001). In the group of 7–18-year-olds, anaphylaxis was more common in children with no asthma or atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0001); hazelnuts (p = 0.0005) and, in terms of allergen molecules, walnut 2S albumin, Jug r 1 (p = 0.0011), were a more common cause of reaction; as well as exercise-induced anaphylaxis (p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular symptoms (p = 0.0247) were more common. In the study population, more severe anaphylaxis was more common in children without asthma or atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0428) and in the case of anaphylaxis induced by cashew nut 2S albumin, Ana o 3 (p < 0.0001) and wheat allergen, Tri a 14 (p = 0.0143). Conclusions: Molecular diagnostics allows for a detailed assessment of the aetiology and the risk of severe food-induced anaphylaxis.

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Atanaskovic-Markovic, Marina, Mirjana Zivanovic, Marija Gavrovic-Jankulovic, Tanja Cirkovic-Velickovic, Vojislav Djuric, Snezana Sankovic-Babic, and Branimir Nestorovic. "Kiss-induced severe anaphylactic reactions." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 7-8 (2010): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1008498a.

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Introduction. Ingestion is the principal route for food allergens to trigger allergic reaction in atopic persons. However, in some highly sensitive patients severe symptoms may develop upon skin contact and by inhalation. The clinical spectrum ranges from mild facial urticaria and angioedema to life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Outline of Cases. We describe cases of severe anaphylactic reactions by skin contact, induced by kissing in five children with prior history of severe anaphylaxis caused by food ingestion. These cases were found to have the medical history of IgE mediated food allergy, a very high total and specific serum IgE level and very strong family history of allergy. Conclusion. The presence of tiny particles of food on the kisser's lips was sufficient to trigger an anaphylactic reaction in sensitized children with prior history of severe allergic reaction caused by ingestion of food. Allergic reaction provoked with food allergens by skin contact can be a risk factor for generalized reactions. Therefore, extreme care has to be taken in avoiding kissing allergic children after eating foods to which they are highly allergic. Considering that kissing can be a cause of severe danger for the food allergic patient, such persons should inform their partners about the risk factor for causing their food hypersensitivity.

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Diop, Laurent, Sonia Guillou, and Henri Durand. "Probiotic food supplement reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial." Nutrition Research 28, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.10.001.

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Laura, Polloni, Bonichini Sabrina, Ronconi Lucia, Bonaguro Roberta, Lazzarotto Francesca, Toniolo Alice, and Muraro Antonella. "Post-anaphylaxis acute stress symptoms: A preliminary study on children with food-induced anaphylaxis and their parents." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 8, no. 10 (November 2020): 3613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.036.

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Elefterova-Florova, Elena V., Dora N. Popova, and Rositsa V. Andreeva. "An Unusual and Rare Case of Food-dependent Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis Caused by Ingestion of Potatoes." Folia Medica 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0014.

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Abstract Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is an unusual and under-recognized form of exercise induced anaphylaxis, which usually occurs if exercise takes place within a few hours after ingestion of sensitizing food, but in some cases may also arise if food follows the exercise. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman who presented to our Department with a history of repeated episodes of acute allergic reactions, triggered by physical activity, after consumption of various vegetables and legumes. This is the first described case of FDEIA in Bulgaria. We believe that there are many other undiagnosed cases, because for the correct recognition of this condition, it is essential to be familiar with the symptoms and combination of factors.

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Papadopoulou, Athina, Theano Lagousi, Elpiniki Hatzopoulou, Paraskevi Korovessi, Stavroula Kostaridou, and Despina Zoe Mermiri. "Atypical Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in children: Is IgE sensitization an issue longitudinally?" Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i3.79.

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Background: Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a clinically well-characterised, non-Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy syndrome, yet its rare atypical presen-tation remains poorly understood.Objective: Aim of this study was to present the 10-year experience of a referral centre high-lighting the atypical FPIES cases and their long-term outcome.Methods: FPIES cases were prospectively evaluated longitudinally in respect of food outgrowth and developing other allergic diseases with or without concomitant IgE sensitisation.Results: One hundred subjects out of a total of 14,188 referrals (0.7%) were identified. At pre-sentation, 15 patients were found sensitised to the offending food. Fish was the most frequent eliciting food, followed by cow’s milk and egg. Tolerance acquisition was earlier for cow’s milk, followed by egg and fish, while found not to be protracted in atypical cases. Resolution was not achieved in half of the fish subjects during the 10-year follow-up time. Sensitisation to food was not related to infantile eczema or culprit food, but was related to sensitisation to aeroallergens. In the long-term evaluation, persistence of the FPIES or aeroallergen sensitisation was significantly associated with an increased hazard risk of developing early asthma symptoms. Conclusion: Sensitisation to food was related neither to eczema or culprit food nor to tolerance acquisition but rather to the development of allergic asthma through aeroallergen sen-sitisation. In addition to an IgE profile at an early age, FPIES persistence may also trigger mechanisms switching FPIES cases to a T-helper 2 cells immune response later in life, predis-posing to atopic respiratory symptoms; albeit further research is required.

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Tanaka, Satoshi. "An Epidemiological Survey on Food-dependent Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis in Kindergartners, Schoolchildren and Junior High School Students." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959400700105.

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A questionnaire survey was conducted on Food-dependent Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis (FEA) among 11.647 children in 11 kindergartens. Eleven elementary schools and five junior high schools of a city with the cooperation of school personnel. The incidence of FEA was 0% in the kindergartens. 0.06% in the elementary schools and 0.21% in the junior high schools. If severe urticaria is included in the criteria for FEA, the latter appears to be more common than has been reported up till now. The longest intervals between eating and onset of the symptoms, and between the start of exercise and the onset of the symptoms were three and half hours, and fifty minutes, respectively. Therefore, attention should be paid for three to four hours after eating, when children exercise. Since only 31.1% of the teachers had heard of FEA, more information about FEA should be given to them.

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Harada, S., T. Horikawa, M. Ashida, T. Kamo, E. Nishioka, and M. Ichihashi. "Aspirin enhances the induction of type I allergic symptoms when combined with food and exercise in patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis." British Journal of Dermatology 145, no. 2 (August 2001): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04329.x.

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Prikhodchenko, N. G., T. A. Shumatova, A. Nee, and E. S. Zernova. "Analysis of the content of I-FABP in urine and blood serum in children with gastrointestinal food allergy." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 12, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-11-66-71.

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Abstract Introduction. Protein-induced enteropathy is one of the common manifestations of gastrointestinal food allergy in young children. The search of non-invasive methods for intestine estimation is especially relevant for early diagnosis and timely prevention of exacerbation.The aim of the study was to determine the serum and urinal levels of the intestinal fraction of the protein binding fatty acids in children with protein-induced enteropathy and to evaluate their clinical and diagnostic significance.Materials and methods. It was examined 36 children with protein-induced enteropathy aged 1.5 months to 1 year and 20 healthy children (control group). All patients underwent esophagogastroenteroscopy with morphological examination of biopsy specimens for differential diagnosis with congenital gastrointestinal diseases. The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMMiS) was used to evaluate clinical symptoms. The intestinal fraction of a fatty acid binding protein was determined for all children in blood serum, urine by enzyme- linked immunosorbent analysis.Results. It was found the increase its serum level (125.20 ± 23.79 pg / ml), and urinal level (0.164 ± 0.031 pkg / ml) compared with the control group (19.21 ± 4.94 pg / ml, 00.039 ± 4.62 pkg / ml, respectively, p < 0.05). There were found direct strong correlations between the severity of gastrointestinal manifestations and its serum and urine level (p < 0.05).Discussion. Epithelial barrier damage provides an increased penetration of intact food allergens. It plays a key role in allergic sensitization, and it is the first pathogenetic link of allergic inflammation in most cases. A statistically significant I-FABP increased level in all studied biological fluids correlates with morphological changes in the children with protein-induced enteropathy, as well as with clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal tract lesions. That confirms its high informational value for an indirect assessment of the state of the intestinal barrier.Conclusions. Thus, an increase in serum and urinal I-FABP levels in children with protein-induced enteropathy confirms the clinical and diagnostic significance of determining this biomarker in all biological fluids. Its high sensitivity and specificity of determination in urine are promising for use in pediatric practice.

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Potter, Michael D. E., Kerith Duncanson, Michael P. Jones, Marjorie M. Walker, Simon Keely, and Nicholas J. Talley. "Wheat Sensitivity and Functional Dyspepsia: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dietary Crossover Trial with Novel Challenge Protocol." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071947.

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Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterised by symptoms of epigastric pain or early satiety and post prandial distress, has been associated with duodenal eosinophilia, raising the possibility that it is driven by an environmental allergen. Non-coeliac gluten or wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS) has also been associated with both dyspeptic symptoms and duodenal eosinophilia, suggesting an overlap between these two conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of wheat (specifically gluten and fructans) in symptom reduction in participants with FD in a pilot randomized double-blind, placebo controlled, dietary crossover trial. Methods: Patients with Rome III criteria FD were recruited from a single tertiary centre in Newcastle, Australia. All were individually counselled on a diet low in both gluten and fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) by a clinical dietitian, which was followed for four weeks (elimination diet phase). Those who had a ≥30% response to the run-in diet, as measured by the Nepean Dyspepsia Index, were then re-challenged with ‘muesli’ bars containing either gluten, fructan, or placebo in randomised order. Those with symptoms which significantly reduced during the elimination diet, but reliably reappeared (a mean change in overall dyspeptic symptoms of ≥30%) with gluten or fructan re-challenge were deemed to have wheat induced FD. Results: Eleven participants were enrolled in the study (75% female, mean age 43 years). Of the initial cohort, nine participants completed the elimination diet phase of whom four qualified for the rechallenge phase. The gluten-free, low FODMAP diet led to an overall (albeit non-significant) improvement in symptoms of functional dyspepsia in the diet elimination phase (mean NDI symptom score 71.2 vs. 47.1, p = 0.087). A specific food trigger could not be reliably demonstrated. Conclusions: Although a gluten-free, low-FODMAP diet led to a modest overall reduction in symptoms in this cohort of FD patients, a specific trigger could not be identified. The modified Salerno criteria for NCG/WS identification trialled in this dietary rechallenge protocol was fit-for-purpose. However, larger trials are required to determine whether particular components of wheat induce symptoms in functional dyspepsia.

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Kowalska, Justyna, Jakub Rok, Zuzanna Rzepka, and Dorota Wrześniok. "Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14080723.

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Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient’s comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.

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Chen, Y., C. Ma, Y. Dang, K. Chen, S. Shen, M. Jiang, Z. Zeng, and H. Zhang. "P082 Spicy food is a vital trigger for relapse in patient with inflammatory bowel disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.211.

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Abstract Background The dietary is one of the environmental triggers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated which types of food can induce the relapse and worsen the symptoms in IBD patients through the epidemiologic study, and then explored the underlying mechanisms in an animal study. Methods A questionnaire assessing demographics, dietary habits and relapse-associated risk factors in patients has been administered to consecutive IBD patients who suffered one or more relapses at West China Hospital from September 2016 to November 2018. The mice with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis were orally administrated with top one type of risk food. The severity of mice colitis after administration was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), histology, activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the level of inflammatory cytokines. The infiltration of immune cells in lamia propria (LP) of mice was analysed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results A total of 306 patients participated in the survey, including 188 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 118 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Spicy food ranked first for the relapse in patients with IBD. In particular, 54.3% (n = 102) UC patients and 53.4% (n = 63) CD patients reported that the intake of spicy food could cause a relapse. Fifty per cent UC (n = 94) patients and 40.7% (n = 48) CD patients reported that the intake of spicy food could worsen their symptoms. In the animal study, the oral administration of capsaicin aggravated the chronic colitis in mice, along with the increased activity of MPO and the upregulated level of inflammatory cytokines. The pro-inflammatory effect of capsaicin was dose independent but time dependent. The antagonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), the receptor of capsaicin, could significantly suppress the capsaicin-induced deterioration of colitis. FCM revealed that capsaicin-administration led to the recruitment of multiple types of immune cells in mice LP and the recruitment of neutrophils was the most prominent. Conclusion The intake of spicy food can contribute to the relapse and deterioration of symptoms in IBD patients with UC and CD. In mice, the oral administration of capsaicin exacerbated DSS-induced colitis which was characterised by the recruitment of neutrophils, indicating the association between neutrophils and the relapse-triggering effect of capsaicin in colitis.

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Ito, Yasunori, Hideaki Morishita, Masaki Shimomura, Fumika Tokunaga, Takaaki Meguro, Shiro Seto, and Mitsuaki Kimura. "Cluster analysis based on the symptoms induced by oral food challenge tests in children with hen's egg allergy." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 29, no. 3 (2015): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.29.270.

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Matsuzaki, Hiroshi, Chikako Motomura, Yuko Akamine, Koki Okabe, Toshiaki Kawano, Masatoshi Wakatsuki, Mihoko Iwata, et al. "Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis diagnosed based on a increased plasma concentration of histamine without developing any symptoms." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 30, no. 2 (2016): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.30.170.

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Carlson, Michelle J., Carolyn E. Moore, Cynthia M. Tsai, Robert J. Shulman, and Bruno P. Chumpitazi. "Child and Parent Perceived Food-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Children with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, no. 3 (March 2014): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.10.013.

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Abbring, Suzanne, Phillip A. Engen, Ankur Naqib, Stefan J. Green, Johan Garssen, Ali Keshavarzian, and Betty C. A. M. van Esch. "Raw Milk-Induced Protection against Food Allergic Symptoms in Mice Is Accompanied by Shifts in Microbial Community Structure." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073417.

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The mechanism underlying the allergy-protective effects of raw cow’s milk is still unknown, but the modulation of the gut microbiome may play a role. The effects of consuming raw cow’s milk or processed milk on fecal microbial communities were therefore characterized in an experimental murine model. C3H/HeOuJ mice were treated with raw milk, pasteurized milk, skimmed raw milk, pasteurized milk supplemented with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for eight days prior to sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Fecal samples were collected after milk exposure and after OVA sensitization, and microbiomes were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Treatment with raw milk prior to OVA sensitization increased the relative abundance of putative butyrate-producing bacteria from the taxa Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae UCG-008, and Ruminiclostridium 5 (Clostridial clusters XIVa and IV), while it decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacterial genera such as Parasutterella, a putative pro-inflammatory bacterial genus. This effect was observed after eight days of raw milk exposure and became more pronounced five weeks later, after allergic sensitization in the absence of milk. Similar trends were observed after treatment with skimmed raw milk. Conversely, the feeding of pasteurized milk led to a loss of allergy protection and a putative dysbiotic microbiome. The addition of ALP to pasteurized milk restored the protective effect observed with raw milk and mitigated some of the microbial community alterations associated with milk pasteurization. Raw milk-induced protection against food allergic symptoms in mice is accompanied by an increased relative abundance of putative butyrate-producing Clostridiales and a decreased relative abundance of putative pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria. Given the safety concerns regarding raw milk consumption, this knowledge is key for the development of new, microbiologically safe, preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of allergic diseases.

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Huang, Qin-Heng, Victor J. Hruby, and Jeffrey B. Tatro. "Role of central melanocortins in endotoxin-induced anorexia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): R864—R871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.3.r864.

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Inflammation and microbial infection produce symptoms, including fever, anorexia, and hypoactivity, that are thought to be mediated by endogenous proinflammatory cytokines. Melanocortins are known to act centrally to suppress effects on fever and other sequelae of proinflammatory cytokine actions in the central nervous system, but the roles of melanocortins in anorexia and hypoactivity occurring during the acute phase response are unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effects of exogenous and endogenous α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia in relation to their effects on fever. Rats were fasted overnight to promote feeding behavior, then injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 μg/kg ip), followed 30 min later by intracerebroventricular injection of either α-MSH or the melanocortin receptor subtype 3/subtype 4 (MC3-R/MC4-R) antagonist SHU-9119. Food intake, locomotor activity, and body temperature (Tb) were monitored during the ensuing 24-h period. Each of two intracerebroventricular doses of α-MSH (30 and 300 ng) potentiated the suppressive effects of LPS on food intake and locomotion, despite the fact that the higher dose alleviated LPS-induced fever. In control rats that were not treated with LPS, only the higher dose of α-MSH significantly inhibited food intake, and Tband locomotor activity were unaffected. To assess the roles of endogenous central melanocortins, LPS-treated rats received intracerebroventricular SHU-9119 (200 ng). Central MC3-R/MC4-R blockade did not affect Tbor food intake in the absence of LPS treatment, but it reversed the LPS-induced reduction in 24-h food intake and increased LPS-induced fever without altering the LPS-induced suppression of locomotion. Taken together, the results suggest that exogenous and endogenous melanocortins acting centrally exert divergent influences on different aspects of the acute phase response, suppressing LPS-induced fever but contributing to LPS-induced anorexia and hypoactivity.

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Bernstein, I. L., E. M. Taylor, and K. L. Bentson. "TNF-induced anorexia and learned food aversions are attenuated by area postrema lesions." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): R906—R910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.5.r906.

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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or cachectin has been proposed as an important mediator of cancer anorexia and cachexia. The present studies examined the extent to which TNF administration generates symptoms similar to those produced by tumor growth. Like the growth of certain tumors, TNF administration was found to be associated with the development of strong aversions to a novel diet. Area postrema lesions were found to significantly attenuate the effects of TNF on intake of a novel diet, a finding previously reported for tumor anorexia. In addition, the anorexic effects of TNF differed considerably as a function of the novelty of the diet. When the available diet was novel, effects of TNF in lowering food intake were substantial, whereas more modest effects were seen when the diet was familiar. These findings provide evidence for parallels between TNF- and tumor-induced anorexias. Nonetheless, these studies also confirm previous observations of the rapid development of tolerance to the anorexic effects of TNF, a finding that is not consistent with a role for TNF as a critical mediator of tumor anorexia.

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Bubyr, L. M., T. O. Kryuchko, I. M. Nesina, B. M. Filenko, and T. O. Pedchenko. "Endoscopic and morphological characteristics of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children with food hypersensitivity." CHILD`S HEALTH 16, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.2.2021.229879.

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Background. In pediatric practice, increasing attention has been recently paid to the study of allergic disorders in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and a number of unresolved issues regarding the timely diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic lesions of the digestive system determines the relevance of this topic. The purpose of the research was to study the endoscopic and morphological changes of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children with gastrointestinal symptoms of food hypersensitivity. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 34 children aged from 6 to 15 years with clinical signs of disorders of the upper digestive tract against the background of food hypersensitivity reactions. Depending on the level of total IgE, study participants were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 18 children with IgE-independent allergic reactions to food (Me (Q1-Q3) 35.0 (28.0–77.5)). The second group included 16 patients with IgE-induced allergic manifestations of food hypersensitivity (Me (Q1-Q3) 240.5 (158.0–475.8)). To achieve the aim of the research, all children underwent fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy with subsequent sampling and morphological evaluation of biopsy specimen. Results. According to the results of endoscopic examination of patients, the structure of lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract depending on the predominance of IgE-independent or IgE-mediated gastrointestinal symptoms of food hypersensitivity did not have statistically significant differences. Morphological characteristics had some differences in the study groups and were represented by the prevalence of eosinophilic infiltration in children with IgE-induced food hypersensitivity reactions. Conclusions. The isolated gastric lesions prevailed in the endoscopic presentation of children with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy, and morphological signs of chronic gastritis are characterized by changes in the surface epithelium due to pronounced polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria with a predominance of lymphocytes, neutrophils and plasma cells. The degree of activity of the eosinophilic inflammatory process was more pronounced in the group of children with IgE-induced food hypersensitivity reactions (r = 0.652; p < 0.01).

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Mori, F., S. Barni, A. Cianferoni, N. Pucci, M. de Martino, and E. Novembre. "Cytokine Expression in CD3+ Cells in an Infant with Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES): Case Report." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/679381.

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Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy characterized by severe vomiting, diarrhea, and often failure to thrive in infants. Symptoms typically resolve after the triggering food-derived protein is removed from the diet and recur within few hours after the re-exposure to the causal protein. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and a positive food challenge. In this study, we report a case of FPIES to rice in an 8-month-old boy. We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to rice and we measured the intracellular T cell expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4); IL-10, and interferon (IFN-) pre-and post-challenge during an acute FPIES reaction and when tolerance to rice had been achieved. For the first time we describe an increase in T cell IL-4 and decrease in IFN- expression after a positive challenge with rice (i.e. rice triggered a FPIES attack) and an increase in T cell IL-10 expression after rice challenge 6 months later after a negative challenge (i.e., the child had acquired tolerance to rice) in an 8 month old with documented FPIES to rice. A Th2 activation associated with high IL-4 levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. On the other hand, T cell-derived IL-10 may play a role in the acquisition of immunotolerance by regulating the Th1 and Th2 responses.

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Yuan, Xinke, Sijia Chen, and Yinghong Huang. "Successful treatment of tuberculosis combined with drug-induced myopathy using corticosteroid therapy: a case report." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 9 (September 2021): 030006052110432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211043239.

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A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on 19 January 2019 because of a 10-day history of intolerance to oils in her food, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin and sclera. In December 2018, the patient had been diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy at a local hospital and received quadruple anti-tuberculosis treatment. Ten days before presentation to our hospital, she had developed anorexia, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, cough, and shortness of breath. She visited a local hospital, where she was considered to have drug-induced hepatitis. She discontinued the anti-tuberculosis drugs and liver protection treatment. After 3 days, her symptoms had not substantially improved. She visited the infection department of our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. After 6 days of treatment, the patient’s symptoms were not significantly improved, her liver and muscle enzyme concentrations were further increased, and her limbs had become weaker and more difficult to move. We considered diagnoses of drug-induced hepatitis and drug-induced myopathy. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at 40 mg once a day for 16 days and other symptomatic treatments. Her symptoms significantly improved and she was discharged.

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Bae, Min-Jung, Hye-Jeong See, Gyeyoung Choi, Chang-Yuil Kang, Dong-Hwa Shon, and Hee Soon Shin. "Regulatory T Cell Induced byPoria cocosBark Exert Therapeutic Effects in Murine Models of Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergy." Mediators of Inflammation 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3472608.

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Abstract:

The prevalence of allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) has increased dramatically in pediatric populations, but there is no effective drug available for their management. Therefore, trials are required for the development of safe therapeutic agents such as herbal medicines. We determined whether orally administeredPoria cocosbark (PCB) extract could exert immunosuppressive effects on allergic and inflammatory symptoms of AD and FA. For both AD, which was induced using house dust mite extract, and FA, which was induced by exposure to ovalbumin, model mice were orally treated with PCB extract for 62 days and 18 days, respectively. We also investigated the inductive effect of PCB extract on the generation and maintenance of Foxp3+CD4+regulatory T cells (Tregs). The symptoms of AD and FA were ameliorated by the administration of PCB extract. Furthermore, PCB extract inhibited the Th2-related cytokines and increased the population of Foxp3+CD4+Tregs in both AD and FA models. Inex vivoexperiments, PCB extract promoted the functional differentiation of Foxp3+CD4+Tregs, which is dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Thus, PCB extract has potential as an oral immune suppressor for the treatment of AD and FA through the generation of Tregs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Food-induced symptoms'

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