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1
Hazners, Juris, and Helma Jirgena. "Intra-industry Trade in Latvian Agricultural Commodities and Food Products." International Journal of Economics and Statistics 10 (March 15, 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9103.2022.10.7.
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The share of simultaneous exports and imports of the same types of products by a country or intra-industry trade has gown continuously over the last century. At the same time, share of inter-industry trade when countries specialize in production and trade occurs only between industries has declined. Trade in differentiated products of the same sector and the same stage of processing is referred to as a horizontal intraindustry trade. Such products are close substitutes for each other in terms of factor inputs and consumption. Trade in products of the same sector at different stages of processing is referred to as a vertical intra-industry trade. According to economic theory, a rise in the share of intra-industry trade is occurring within the trade growth in general due to an economic development and broader integration. Since early nineties, Latvia has remained a net importer of agri-food products. At the same time, both exports and imports of agricultural commodities and processed food products has consistently grown, with total trade turnover increasing. The objective of the study is to determine the share of the intra-industry trade and structural changes in the sectors of Latvian agricultural production and food processing over the last decade. To reach the research objectives, Grubel-Lloyd intraindustry trade indexes, Brülhart marginal intra industry trade indexes and Thom-McDowell indexes of total marginal intraindustry trade were compiled for Latvian agri-food trade data over ten years period from 2002 to 2011. The research results show consistently high share of intra-industry trade in total Latvian trade in agricultural commodities and food products over the whole period. A shift from predominantly vertical marginal intra-industry trade towards horizontal marginal intraindustry trade is observed.
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Pawlak, Karolina, and Walenty Poczta. "Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy w wymianie produktami rolno spożywczymi UE z USA." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.4.59.
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The aim of the paper was to examine the intensity and to determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products between the EU and US. The analysis was based on data from the Comext-Eurostat database and it was carried out at the 6-digit level of HS classification in 2007-2018. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that trade in agri-food products between the EU and US is developing mainly in accordance with the model of inter-industry specialisation, which in the years 2007-2018 was strengthening and deepening. Intra-industry trade, vertical rather than horizontal, was primarily observed in the exchange of products with a higher degree of processing.
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Zhou, Qinqin, Hao Zhang, and Suya Wang. "Artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain in food safety." International Journal of Food Engineering 18, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2021-0299.
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Abstract Food safety plays an essential role in our daily lives, and it becomes serious with the development of worldwide trade. To tackle the food safety issues, many advanced technologies have been developed to monitor the process of the food industry (FI) to ensure food safety, including the process of food production, processing, transporting, storage, and retailing. These technologies are often referred to as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain, which have been widely applied in many research areas. In this review, we introduce these technologies and their applications in the food safety domain. Firstly, basic concepts of these technologies are presented. Then, applications for food safety from a data perspective based on these technologies are analyzed. Finally, future challenges of the applications of AI, big data, and blockchain are discussed.
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Surepno, Surepno, and Siti Halimatus Sa’diyah. "TINGKAT LITERASI KEUANGAN SYARIAH PELAKU UMKM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN UMKM DI KECAMATAN JEPARA." AKSY Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2022): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/aksy.v4i1.17108.
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This study aims to determine the level of financial literacy of MSME actors in Jepara District and analyze the influence of financial knowledge, financial behavior, financial attitude on the development of MSMEs on MSME actors in the trade sector and processing industry (food products, beverages, and services) in Jepara District. This study uses a quantitative approach using the questionnaire method in data collection. The population in this study were MSME actors engaged in the trade and processing industries (food products, beverages, and services) in Jepara District as many as 242 businesses. The samples studied were 75 respondents who were calculated using the Slovin formula. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results obtained are financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitude have a positive effect on the development of MSMEs.
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Coulibaly, Noufou, Siaka Koné, Djolo Djina, Kama Berté, and Yapo Yapi. "An analysis of the performance of the agro-food industry in the domestic and international markets of Côte d’Ivoire." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 229 (2021): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2129037c.
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Since its independence in 1960, C?te d?Ivoire has opted for an industrial policy that has given rise to two major types of agrofood industry. The first is small-scale units owned by nationals and the second is agro-food industries owned by large international firms that mainly export their products. This strategy has led to commodity specialisation that deteriorates the terms of trade. Thus, despite a significant industrial sector, the country suffers from deteriorating trade terms due to an overly extroverted economy, the corollary of which is over-indebtedness. This paper compares the performance of domestic and international markets of C?te d?Ivoire to identify the type of agro-food industry that should be promoted for development. The ripple effects in domestic and international markets are estimated and compared using the Leontief model and data from the C?te d?Ivoire Input-Output Table of 2018. We show that the cocoa and coffee processing branch of the agro-food industry is commercially outward-oriented, the oilseed industry is commercially mixed or dual-oriented, and the other branches are commercially inward-oriented. The ripple effects of the domestic market are almost four times higher than those of the external market. The high rate of population growth, galloping urbanization and the social nature of food are key determinants of the findings. We conclude that the domestic market better stimulates the development of the agro-food industry. We therefore recommend a strategy of orienting products towards domestic and West African markets, which could lead the country to sustainable economic development more rapidly.
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Studer, A., I. Blank, and R. H Stadler. "Thermal processing contaminants in foodstuffs and potential strategies of control." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S1—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10600-cjfs.
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Over the past decades, researchers from academia, industry, and National authorities and enforcement laboratories, have gained increasing insight in understanding the presence, formation and potential risk to public health posed by the compounds formed during the domestic cooking and heat-processing of different foods. Compounds already intensively studied are the heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chloropropanols. Concrete measures have been introduced by the food industry to control certain contaminants, exemplified by the introduction of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant proteins or over-neutralization to reduce concentrations of chloropropanols in savoury flavours. The recent discovery of acrylamide in cooked foods has raised much concern, and sparked intensive scientific studies into the occurrence, analysis, exposure, mechanisms of formation, possible measures of control, and toxicology of the compound. However, since acrylamide formation is directly linked to the desired Maillard reaction that generates important flavour and aroma compounds – as well as chemicals with potentially beneficial health effects – any measures taken must assess the impact on overall quality and consumer acceptance of the food product. In addition, mitigation must be devised in such a way as not to increase the risks for other possibly more severe short and medium to long-term health risks. In this context, understanding the impact of changes in processing on the safety of foods will be of paramount importance. In May 2004 the US FDA published findings of trace levels of furan in different foods, corroborating older data and raising some concerns, albeit without reference to any health risks. Particularly canned and jarred foods that are subject to thermal treatment are apparently affected, as the volatile furan is essentially “trapped” in the food container. Analogous to the acrylamide concern, there is a paucity of knowledge in all scientific domains, i.e. exposure, methods of analysis, mechanisms of formation, toxicology. Finally, a concern that needs to be addressed is the lack of knowledge about the effects of final preparation in food service and domestic situations on the formation of processing contaminants. In essence, consumers should follow sound dietary and health advice by choosing diets based on balance, variety and moderation.
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Fadlli, Muhammad Dzul. "The Role of East Java as A Trade Hub for Eastern Indonesia." East Java Economic Journal 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53572/ejavec.v6i1.80.
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The role of East Java as a trade hub for eastern Indonesia is still in doubt. This study aims to analyze the role of East Java as a trade hub for eastern Indonesia (KTI). This research was conducted descriptively using interregional input-output (IRIO) data with 52 industries in 2016 from BPS. The results of this study show that the proportion of East Java's exports to eastern Indonesia is still small. Although small in proportion, exports by East Java to eastern Indonesia are very profitable for East Java. The value of East Java's exports is greater than the value of its imports. The majority of East Java's exports are used to meet final demand needs. Meanwhile, imports by East Java from eastern Indonesia are dominated by intermediate demand in East Java. Bali is East Java's largest export destination in Eastern Indonesia, followed by Papuan, NTB and NTT. Industries with dominant export values to eastern Indonesia include the Food and Beverage Industry and the Tobacco Processing Industry. Meanwhile, the dominant imports came from a season and annual plantation industry and the metal ore mining industry.
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KUZNETSOV, Yurii A. "Comparative analysis of beet sugar industry development of agro-industrial complex in Russia and Ukraine in the context of food security." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 10 (October 27, 2022): 1786–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.10.1786.
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Subject. The article addresses the activities of sugar beet and sugar industries of Russia and Ukraine to ensure the food security of these countries under sanctions. Objectives. The aim is to consider the origin, formation, and activities of sugar beet industry in the said countries, describe and compare certain results of retrospective analysis of these industries’ development in the context of increasingly tougher regime of foreign trade restrictions. Methods. The study draws on methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, abstraction, generalization, and analogy. It employs the analysis of statistical data, using the methods of mathematical modeling, and systems analysis. Results. The analysis of trends in the development of sugar beet industries in Russia and Ukraine enabled to describe the levels of provision of the population with sugar and confectionery, and the provision of the food and processing industry with sugar and by-products of its production. Conclusions. At present, Russia has a real opportunity, to maintain a high level of consumption of sugar and confectionery by the population of the country; to provide sugar and by-products of its production to the food and processing industries; to increase the export of sugar beet products of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The findings can be used in long-term planning of the Russian sugar beet industry development and in scientific research.
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Downs, Shauna M., Anne Marie Thow, Suparna Ghosh-Jerath, Justin McNab, K. Srinath Reddy, and Stephen R. Leeder. "From Denmark to Delhi: the multisectoral challenge of regulatingtransfats in India." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 12 (November 20, 2012): 2273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004995.
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AbstractObjectiveIndia has proposed legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and mandatingtransfat labelling in an effort to reduce intakes. The objective of the present study was to examine the complexities of regulatingtransfat in India by examining the policy processes involved and the perceived implementation challenges.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n18) were conducted with key informants from various sectors. Interviewees were asked about sources oftransfat in the food supply, existing policies that may influencetransfats and perceived challenges related to the proposedtransfat regulation, in addition to questions tailored to their area of expertise. Interview data were organised based on common themes.SettingInterviews were conducted in India.SubjectsInterviewees were key informants from various sectors including agriculture, trade, industry and health.ResultsSeveral themes were identified related to the complexity of regulatingtransfat in India. A lack oftransfat awareness, the large unorganised retail sector, a need for suitable alternative products that are both acceptable to consumers and affordable, and a need to build capacity were crucial factors affecting India's ability to successfully regulatetransfat. The limited number of food inspectors will create an additional challenge in terms of enforcement oftransfat regulation.ConclusionsAlthough India will face challenges in regulatingtransfat, legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils will likely be the most effective approach to reducing it in the food supply. Ongoing engagement with industry, agriculture, trade and processing sectors will prove essential in terms of product reformulation.
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Kovalenko, Olha, and Liudmyla Yashchenko. "Competitiveness of the food industry for sustainable economic development: criteria and directions for increasing." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (June 25, 2021): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-24.
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Subject of research is theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for managing the competitiveness of the food industry, aimed at sustainable development of the economy. Purpose of the article is to substantiate the relationship between the competitiveness of the food industry with a strategic focus on sustainable development, to assess the level of competitiveness of the main branches of the food industry, identify criteria and directions for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the industry as the basis for ensuring sustainable development of the economy. Research methods. To achieve the goal of the study, general scientific and special methods were used: dialectical and logical – to generalize the scientific foundations of ensuring sustainable development of industries and enterprises of the economy; system analysis – to substantiate the directions of increasing competitiveness for the implementation of the principles of sustainable development; economic and statistical – for processing statistical data and assessing the competitiveness of enterprises and industries; graphic – for generalization and visual presentation of information. Results of the research. A methodological approach is proposed, with the help of which the criteria for increasing the competitiveness of the food industry in relation to the strategic directions of sustainable development of the Ukrainian economy are identified. Potentially competitive trade marks in selected food industries are identified. It is substantiated that maintaining the competitive level of the food industry in the domestic and foreign markets, aimed at strategically ensuring sustainable development of the economy, requires manufacturers to expand the range of products and constantly improve their quality, introduce new, resource-saving technologies, and provide their own production with raw materials. The main burden in this direction now falls on large agri-food enterprises that have the appropriate financial and human resources, as well as a strategic vision of the future of the domestic economy and their place in it. Scope of the results. The research results are of a scientific and practical nature and can be used by scientists in further studies of competitiveness. They can serve as a source of reference information and are used by economists, specialists from food and processing industries, government officials, researchers, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions.
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Gołębiewska, Barbara, Oksana Voronko, and Monika Gębska. "COMPARISON OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF MILK PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN POLAND AND UKRAINE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIV, no. 4 (December 10, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1382.
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The study aimed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of enterprises processing and trading dairy products in Poland and Ukraine. Milk processing is an important sector of food production. Milk and milk products account for about 14% of world trade in agricultural products. The five largest companies from Poland and Ukraine were selected for the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of dairy enterprises required the adoption of appropriate indices. Therefore, the research considered, above all, the indices characterizing the profitability of the surveyed companies as the basic ones in the evaluation of the financial condition of enterprises. In addition, the evaluation included the surveyed enterprises’ return on sales, assets, and equity. The analyses were performed based on data available in the EMIS database for 2016-2020. In Poland, the milk processing sector was in a relatively good financial condition, although the profitability ratios were not too high. Profitability ratios have long been lower than the food industry average and have fallen even further in recent years. The data show that the return on equity slightly exceeded the interest rate on bank deposits and treasury bonds. In Ukrainian enterprises, the return on equity, assets, and sales was much higher, but it was also characterized by high volatility.
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KUZNETSOV, Yurii A. "The Eurasian Economic Union as a factor of ensuring food security of Russia." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 12 (December 28, 2022): 2180–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.12.2180.
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Subject. The article considers activities of the Russian Federation and the Russian agro-industrial complex within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the interests of ensuring Russia's food security under sanctions. Objectives. The aims are to analyze the activities of the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU member States to ensure collective food security and economic integration of the EAEU, to define the EAEU contribution to Russia's food security in conditions of increasingly tightening regime of foreign trade restrictions. Methods. The study draws on methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, abstraction, generalization, and analogy. Trends in the main parameters of the activities of the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU member States were examined based on statistical data analysis, using the methods of mathematical modeling and systems analysis. Results. The paper presents some results of the analysis of activities of the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU member States to ensure collective food security of the Eurasian Economic Union and its economic integration, defines the role and contribution of the EAEU to Russia's food security under the regime of foreign trade restrictions. Conclusions. At present, Russia maintains a high level of availability of agricultural products to its population and raw agricultural resources to the domestic food and processing industry provides stable supplies of agricultural products and raw materials to a number of EAEU member countries. There are significant reserves to increase interstate trade in agricultural products and raw agricultural resources within the EAEU market.
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Ahmetshina, Liliya. "From grain to processed products: export potential and prospects." Agrarian Bulletin of the 224, no. 09 (September 27, 2022): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-224-09-71-86.
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Abstract. The purpose of the study is to assess the current trends in export deliveries of grain and products of its processing, to identify opportunities and conditions for increasing the export potential of high value-added products. The main research methods were economic-statistical, tabular, graphical, comparative with subsequent generalization of data. The information base included materials from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as well as analytical reports and reports in the field of international trade in grain crops and current regulations. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the feasibility and develop recommendations for increasing the production of grain processing products, substituting import supplies and expanding the export of high value-added products to the world market in the face of increased economic sanctions. The results are as follows: the place of Russia in the world market was analyzed in terms of gross yields and exports of grain crops, wheat, as a raw material for the production of final products; assessed the country's prospects for the export of grain, taking into account the instability of geopolitical and trade and economic cooperation; the volumes and structure of grain consumption in Russia are considered, the dynamics of production and export-import operations for grain processing products are studied; deterrents were identified in expanding the export potential of grain processing products, lost profits from the export of raw materials, and not finished products; recommendations are offered on priority areas that contribute to the growth in the volume of export-oriented products of grain processing, including deep processing. The high level of self-sufficiency in raw materials, the low utilization of production capacities of the food and processing industry, the ratio of export, import and domestic prices for grain processing products indicate the existing opportunities for redirecting part of the carry-over stocks and export volumes of grain for processing, import substitution and further export.
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, Antoaneta Vassileva, Svetlana Tasić, Jelena Avakumović, and Marija Bešlin-Feruh. "Challenges of development of the processed food industry of Bulgaria in the context of European integration." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 13, no. 4 (2020): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2004018i.
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The subject of this research is the analysis of competitiveness of the Bulgarian food industry on the international market, with the aim of identifying changes in the export structure of products classified according to commodity groups (SITC Rev.3). In other words, the goal was to point out the sectors which are developing faster and have positive tendencies and influence on the overall competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy. The research used descriptive statistical data processing, the index of comparative advantage of exports - RCA and the index of specialization in foreign trade - GL index. The research results showed that in the analyzed period there were significant changes in the structure of exports, so the groups with leading positions in the initial year of analysis lost their position and were replaced by products of other commodity groups. An increase in the comparative advantage of exports was also confirmed in: Vegetable fats and oils; Cereals and other cereal products; Essential oils, perfumery; Meat and edible leftovers; Rice; Sugar, molasses and honey; etc. It was also established that the products with a pronounced intra-industrial character of exchange in 2017 were: Fruit and vegetable juices; Sugar products; Meat and edible residues; Bird eggs and yolks, egg whites; Butter and other fats obtained from milk, milk spreads, etc.
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Syukri, Fitriyani, Junaidin Zakariah, Aminuddin Aminuddin, and Alamsyah Alamsyah. "ANALISIS SEKTOR UNGGULAN DALAM MENUNJANG PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DI KOTA PAREPARE." Economos : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31850/economos.v4i1.779.
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This academic research was carefully conducted to typically know the accurate classification of the leading sectors in the Kota Parepare. The data typically used in common is secondary data which is taken directly from the Central Statistics Agency of the Kota Parepare. The data typically used are the empirical PDRB data of the City of Parepare from 2011-2019. This academic research was typically started from March to April 2020. Exploratory data analysis typically used Klassen Typology Analysis and Location Qoutien analysis. The direct results of this academic study typically indicate that: the leading sectors in the Kota Parepare in common are the water supply sector, waste processing, waste and recycling, the transportation and warehousing sector, the financial services sector, and insurance and the real estate sector. As for the basic sector, namely the specific provision of generated electricity and gas; water supply, waste management, waste, and recycling; construction; wholesale and retail trade; car and motorcycle repair; transportation and warehousing; providing accommodation and food and drink; information and communication; financial and insurance services; real estate; local government administration, civil defense, and compulsory social security; education services; preventive health services and social activities; other services. non-basic sectors, namely agriculture, divinity, and local fisheries; extensive mining and extensive excavation; processing industry and corporate services.
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KUZNETSOV, Yurii A. "Developing the agro-industrial complex of Russia and ensuring the food security of the country under sanctions." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 1390–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.8.1390.
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Subject. The article addresses the activities of the agro-industrial complex of Russia to ensure the country's food security in the context of sanctions, using the case of the most important sectors of crop production. Objectives. The aims are to perform a retrospective analysis of the grain and sugar beet industries development in Russia, to describe the role of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in ensuring the country's food security in the context of foreign trade restrictions. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, abstraction, generalization, and analogy. The dynamics of the main parameters characterizing the activity of the most important branches of crop production was analyzed on the basis of statistical data, using the methods of mathematical modeling and systems analysis. Results. The presented analysis helped identify the main trends in the development of the grain and sugar beet subcomplexes of the agro-industrial complex, to assess the achieved levels of provision of the population with the main food resources and the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex of Russia with agricultural resources. The achieved levels of provision with food resources correspond to the viewpoints of specialists and the World Health Organization on rational levels of consumption. Conclusions. At present Russia has a real opportunity to maintain a high level of consumption of agricultural products by the population, to provide the processing industry with agricultural raw materials, to increase the export of agricultural products of the most important sectors of the agro-industrial complex.
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RAJIĆ, ANDRIJANA, LISA A. WADDELL, JAN M. SARGEANT, SUSAN READ, JEFF FARBER, MARTIN J. FIRTH, and ALBERT CHAMBERS. "An Overview of Microbial Food Safety Programs in Beef, Pork, and Poultry from Farm to Processing in Canada." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.5.1286.
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Canada's vision for the agri-food industry in the 21st century is the establishment of a national food safety system employing hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles and microbiological verification tools, with traceability throughout the gate-to-plate continuum. Voluntary on-farm food safety (OFFS) programs, based in part on HACCP principles, provide producers with guidelines for good production practices focused on general hygiene and biosecurity. OFFS programs in beef cattle, swine, and poultry are currently being evaluated through a national recognition program of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Mandatory HACCP programs in federal meat facilities include microbial testing for generic Escherichia coli to verify effectiveness of the processor's dressing procedure, specific testing of ground meat for E. coli O157:H7, with zero tolerance for this organism in the tested lot, and Salmonella testing of raw products. Health Canada's policy on Listeria monocytogenes divides ready-to-eat products into three risk categories, with products previously implicated as the source of an outbreak receiving the highest priority for inspection and compliance. A national mandatory identification program to track livestock from the herd of origin to carcass inspection has been established. Can-Trace, a data standard for all food commodities, has been designed to facilitate tracking foods from the point of origin to the consumer. Although much work has already been done, a coherent national food safety strategy and concerted efforts by all stakeholders are needed to realize this vision. Cooperation of many government agencies with shared responsibility for food safety and public health will be essential.
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Wu, Laping. "Rabbit meat trade of major countries: regional pattern and driving forces." World Rabbit Science 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2022.13390.
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In in the last 60 or so years, the global rabbit industry has been growing steadily. This paper studies the global rabbit meat trade by focusing on trade growth and regional pattern. First, rabbit meat productionand regional structure are introduced, as the basis of trade. Then, the global rabbit meat trade is studied in detail, including trade growth, regional structural changes, comparative advantages and competitiveness of major countries. Finally, a gravity model is built to test major factors affecting the rabbit meat trade andexplore the driving forces behind the trade. The data come from different channels, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Bank, the World Trade Organization and related government statistics. The results show that: (1) Over the past 60 yr, the global rabbit industry has achieved great progress. In the first half of the period, rabbit meat was mainly produced in Europe; then, rabbit meat production in Asia increased steadily and rapidly in the second half period, while European production decreased continuously. (2) The rabbit meat trade had been increasing for about 20 yr from 1961 to 1979, after which it fluctuated for another 20 yr. However, since 2001 it has been stable around an average level of 37 thousand tonnes, with only minor fluctuation. The trade pattern is currently from Asia (mainly China) and South America (mainly Argentina) to European countries. In 2018, the top 5 export destinations were Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and France (3). Hungary and Argentina have been two strong competitorsin the last two decades, while Spain and Belgium are two new and promising countries in the rabbit meat trade. Now China no longer has comparative advantages in the rabbit meat trade (4). The gravity model results show that rabbit meat trade is mainly driven by demand. Countries with a high Gross Domestic Product tend to increase their imports more, but decrease their exports. Countries with higher populations export more rabbit meat but import less. Common language and contiguity of two countries have significant impacts on rabbit meat trade. Based on the above results, some suggestions and policy implications are provided. Rabbit farmers or processing companies should pay more attention to domestic consumers or neighbouring countries to survey potential markets; traders should explore more markets in order to reduce the degree of trade concentration and lower risks. Governments should popularise the nutritional knowledge of rabbit meat to encourage people (especially young people) to consume more healthy rabbit meat instead of pork, with a view to reducing obesity or other heart diseases, etc.
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Smith, Robert, and Gerard McElwee. "The “horse-meat” scandal: illegal activity in the food supply chain." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2019-0292.
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Purpose Food supply chain theory and practice generally assumes that the business practices and processes involved are ethical, legal and value-adding when this is not always so, as demonstrated by the ongoing 2013 horse-meat scandal. Although it is ostensibly a UK-based affair, it encompasses the meat processing industry across Europe. This study, thus, aims to examine supply chain criminality and to highlight “scandal scripts” which amplify underlying issues. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of extant literature on the scandal adds to that body of work, updating the existing narrative to include a detailed analysis of convicted “industry insiders”, highlighting supply chain issues involved in the frauds. Micro-stories of businessmen involved are presented to enable an empirical exploration of their illegal involvement in the meat trade. Using storied data from accounts of the scandal as contemporary examples, emerging themes and issues are outlined through a mixed methods qualitative approach consisting of ethical covert research, using documentary research strategy underpinned by narrative inquiry. Findings Media coverage perpetuated various myths notably that the fraud was carried out by “shadowy”, Eastern European “mafia figures” exploiting the extended food supply chains. The analysis is aided by the use of media hypothesis. Far from being a mafia-inspired fraud, the criminal activity was organised in nature and committed by insider businessmen. The findings demonstrate that supply chains are complex and require an understanding of storied business practices, including the ethical and illegal. Research limitations/implications From an academic perspective, there are implications such as the dearth of academic research and policy-related studies into food fraud possibly because of the difficulty in obtaining data because of access to such enterprises and entrepreneurs necessitating reliance upon documentary sources and investigative journalism. Practical implications There are distinct policy implications, particularly the need to legislate against international criminal conspiracies and everyday ordinary organised food frauds perpetuated. Lax penalties do little to prevent such crimes which need to be taken more seriously by the authorities, and treated as major crime. In formulating food laws, rules and regulations, greater cognisance should be taken to consider how supply chains in the food industry could be better protected from predatory criminal actions. Originality/value This novel qualitative study will enable academics and practitioners to better understand illegal enterprise, food fraud and risk management from both operational and supply chain perspectives and will be useful to investigators by furthering our understanding of entrepreneurial practice and morality in the food industry.
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Marufah, Nur Laili, Tri Djoko Wisnumurti, and Budi Guntoro. "ELEMEN KLASTER INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN SUSU DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." Buletin Peternakan 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v39i1.6161.
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<p><span><em>This research was conducted to study the elements and value chain of milk-processing cluster </em><span><em>industry in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The respondent in this study consisted of cow and goats milk </em><span><em>processing industry, dairy cooperative and related institution. The data consisted of primary data and </em><span><em>secondary data. Primary data were collected through observation and interviews, while secondary data </em><span><em>obtained from statistical data from Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, Agricultural Service </em><span><em>of Agriculture Department and LPPOM MUI DIY. Descriptive analysis were used in this study to analyzed </em><span><em>the data. Respondent and locations were determined using purposive sampling methods lead to be </em><span><em>analyse descriptively. The results showed that stakeholders involved as important elements of milkprocessing cluster industry were milk suppliers (farmer, dairy groups, and cooperative), core industry </em><span><em>(small-medium scale processor of cow’s and goat milk), supporting industry (sugar, packaging and tools), </em><span><em>supporting institution (bank, university, and government agencies), related industry (food chain, bakery, </em><span><em>and coffee shop), and also buyers (retailer, distributor, end user or consumer). Their main products are </em><span><em>pasteurized cow’s and goat milk, yoghurt of cow’s milk, and goat milk powder. The long chains to produce </em><span><em>milk product since the raw milk have indicated some added values on economy and involvement of </em><span><em>man powers leading to local economic development as well as of technology innovation or industry. It has </em><span><em>been concluded that milk-processing cluster industry could be used as a locomotive for regional </em><span><em>economics development.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><br /><span><em>(Key words: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Elements, Milk-processing cluster industry, Regional economic </em><span><em>development, Value chain)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
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Pambudi, Agung, Ida Nuraini, and Zainal Arifin. "Analisis Ketimpangan Ekonomi Dan Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan Di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi." Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi JIE 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jie.v6i1.19092.
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The purpose of this study is to determine inequality and the leading economic sector in Muaro Jambi district with a period of 5 years from 2016 to 2020. The research method used is to use the Williamsom index calculation and Static Location Quotient by taking secondary data obtained from sources. Central Bureau of Statistics Muaro Jambi. The results of the study show that inequality is increasing from 2016 to 2020 from the calculation of the Williamson index. Meanwhile, from the calculation of the Static Location Quotient , the leading sectors in Muaro Jambi district are the agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors, processing industry, transportation and warehousing, and other services. The non-leading sectors in Muaro Jambi district are mining and quarrying, electricity and gas supply, water supply, waste management, waste and recycling, construction, wholesale and retail trade, car and motorcycle repair, accommodation and food and drink provision, information and communication, financial and insurance services, real estate, corporate services, government administration, defense and compulsory social security, education services, and health services and social activities.
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Laili, Nurul, Sri Hindarti, and Dwi Susilowati. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRICE FLUCTUATION OF CAYENNE PEPPER IN MALANG REGENCY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.7123.
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This study aims to 1) Analyze the pattern of changes in commodity prices for spanish pepper in Malang District. 2) Analyzing the factors that influence fluctuations in the price of spanish pepper in Malang District. The research method used is quantitative method that uses secondary data in the form of time series obtained from several related agencies, namely the Central Statistics Agency of Malang District, Department of Industry and Trade, and Department of food crops, horticulture, and plantation in Malang District. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression with the dependent variable is the price at the consumer level from 2009-2018, while the independent variables use the data of the price of spanish pepper at the producer level, the amount of production, and the amount of consumption from 2009-2018. The study found that: 1) The development of the price of spanish pepper had a trend that tended to increase during the last 10 years. 2) From the results of data processing using multiple linear regression method with Eviews 9.0 application, it is found that the factor that significantly influences changes in the price of spanish pepper is the price at the producer level, while the amount of production of spanish pepper and the number of requests does not significantly affect the change in spanish pepper prices in Malang District.
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Kiha, Emilia Khristina, Frederic Winston Nalle, and Gustaf Inyong Kobi. "Analysis of Leading Sectors in Increasing Economic Growth in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara in 2014-2018." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 1, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v1i1.371.
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The aims of the study is to find out the leading sectors in increasing economic growth in the province of east nusa tenggara. This study uses secondary data in the form of PDRB data for the 2014-2018 period obtained through literature books, readings related to the problem under study. Sources of data were obtained from government agencies such as the East Nusa Tenggara Province Central Statistics Agency (BPS), as well as related agencies. The result in this study. 1. Based on the results of the Klassen Typology analysis, the sector which is included in the advanced sector and growing rapidly or the leading sector is the sector Mandatory Government Administration, Defense and Social Security. Meanwhile, sectors that are included in the advanced but depressed sector are the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sector, the Construction sector, the Transportation and Warehousing sector, the Information and Communication sector, the Education Services sector, the Health Services sector and Social Activities and the Other Services sector. Sectors classified as potential or still developing sectors are mining and quarrying sector, processing industry sector, electricity and gas supply sector, wholesale and retail trade: car and motorcycle repair and accommodation and food and drink provision sector. Meanwhile, sectors that are relatively lagging behind are the water supply sector, waste management, waste and recycling, the financial services and insurance sector, the real estate sector and the corporate services sector.
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Kaliakparova, G. Sh, and Y. E. Gridneva. "Trends in the development of citrus growing in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-4.2708-9991.15.
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The goal – is to identify the possibilities and prospects of citrus production in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the economic feasibility of growing citrus crops in the country in compareson with imported products, as well as the benefits for entrepreneurs in their cultivation, storage, delivery and sale. Research methods – statistical, analytical, abstract-logical. Results – the areas of use of citrus fruits in various industries are shown: agriculture, food industry, medicine, etc. Foreign experience is presented. Statistical data on prices, import of citrus fruits to the territory of the republic are analyzed. The factors that restrain obtaining their large quantities are summarized: increased competition from the CIS and foreign States; poorly developed infrastructure for processing these fruits, transport logistics, marketing of the finished product range, insufficient investor interest. Conclusions – effective government support for the industry is needed, as well as updating the material and technical base of breeding and seed-growing economic entities, application of the latest technologies, digitalization aimed to increase yields, production of environmentally friendly products, creating the necessary conditions for promoting Kazakhstani citrus products for export, organizing joint trade missions and consistency between manufacturers of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and other foreign partners. Medicine rates citrus crops an extremely important place in the rational human diet, since vitamins and mineral salts contained in them are the same important nutrients as proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Over the past century, citrus plantations have taken the first place in world horticulture, leaving apple, pear, plum and cherry orchards far behind.
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Scoppola, Margherita. "Agriculture, food and global value chains: issues, methods and challenges." Bio-based and Applied Economics 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/bae-13517.
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About one-third of trade in food and agriculture takes place within global value chains (GVC). Coffee, palm oil or biofuels production are examples of the modern organization of agri-food production through GVC (de Becker, Miroudot, 2014; Greenville et al., 2016; Baliè et al., 2019). Agricultural raw materials nowadays may cross borders many times before reaching the final consumers, as they are embedded in intermediate and processed goods which are produced in different countries. Agri-food GVC are typically characterized by a strong coordination between farmers, food processors or traders, and between processors and retailers. Value chain coordination can be initiated by downstream buyers, such as supermarkets and food processors, or by upstream suppliers including farmers or farmer cooperatives (Swinnen and Maertens, 2007; Reardon et al 2007). In a number of cases, a group of “lead firms” plays a critical role by defining the terms of supply chain membership and whom the value is added (Scoppola, 2021).
The growth of the agri-food GVC raises new issues for the agricultural and food sectors. Participating to the GVC is expected to have several positive effects, both for countries and farmers, in terms of technology and knowledge spillovers, increased productivity, growth, employment opportunities, and ultimately increase of farmers’ income. On the other hand, market concentration in agri-food GVC raises concerns related to the emergence of market power (Swinnen, Vandeplas, 2014). Further, there are concerns that producing for agri-food GVC may result in the intensification of agricultural production, with negative environmental effects in terms of deployment of natural resources and water stress.
Sound knowledge and evidence about the nature and implications of modern agri-food GVC are relevant for policymaker, firms and civil society. The economic analysis of agri-food GVC challenges agricultural and food economists in several respects. The complex nature of GVC and of the issues they raise makes it essential the use of new and multiple lens of analysis (World Bank, 2020). Country-level (macro) approaches to GVC are needed to investigate the drivers of the world-wide fragmentation of agri-food production and the welfare implications of countries participating to GVC. Recent progresses in the empirical trade analysis of GVC are certainly fundamental to the understanding of agri-food GVC. Industry level (meso) approaches are needed to investigate the relationship among the various stages of the GVC. Analytical tools and approaches from the industrial organization literature are to be used to investigate issues such the price transmission along the agri-food GVC, the drivers of vertical coordination or the distributions of benefits along the GVC. A firm level approach (micro) is needed to investigate the implications of the participation to GVC for farmers.
The 10th AIEAA Annual Conference contributes to this debate, by putting together different disciplines and approaches to the analysis of agri-food GVC and of their implications in terms of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Three keynotes explore these issues from different perspectives.
The keynotes by Silvia Nenci Ilaria Fusacchia, Anna Giunta, Pierluigi Montalbano and Carlo Pietrobelli entitled Mapping global value chain participation and positioning in agriculture and food (Nenci et al., 2022) reviews key methods and data issues arising in country-level analyses of GVC. They overall conclude that improvements in GVC measurements and mapping are currently still severely limited by data availability. Empirical literature to date mostly uses global Input-Output matrices and aggregate trade data to map and measure GVCs; however, sectoral and country coverage remains rather weak. They further review recent evidence about trends of GVC, by using the GVC participation indicator and the upstreamness positioning indicator (measuring the distance of the sector from final demand in terms of the number of production stages) for two sectors, that is “Agriculture” and “Food and Beverages”. They show that at the country level, GVC participation is globally around 30-35 percent for both agriculture and food and beverages; while GVC linkages in agriculture are mostly forward linked, food and beverages are much more in the middle and at the end of a value chain. Furthermore, they show that, unsurprisingly, agriculture has a higher score on upstreamness with respect to the food and beverages sector. They conclude by discussing some critical issues faced by agriculture and food GVC concerning trade policies, technological innovation and the COVID crises.
The keynote by Tim Lloyd entitled “Price transmission and imperfect competition in the food industry” aims at providing insights on how information is conveyed by means of prices between food consumers and agricultural producers along the agri-food value chains. After presenting some basic insights from theory, the keynote addresses the issue of how to detect the degree of market power by reviewing theory-consistent empirical models as well as the approaches developed in the New Empirical Industrial Organisation literature. The increased use of highly detailed retail (‘scanner’) data reveals that the food industry (retailing, manufacturing, and processing) is a major source of the price changes and that it also mediates price signals originating in other parts of the food chain in increasingly nuanced ways; the author concludes that agricultural and food economists should be wary of inferring too much about the competitive setting based on prices alone.
The keynote by Miet Maertens entitled “A review of global and local food value chains in Africa: Supply chain linkages and sustainability” highlights the expansion of agri-food GVC in low- and middle-income countries and how GVC are modernizing rapidly through institutional, technical, and commercial innovations. While a large body of literature focusses on the development implications of participation in GVC, the development of local food supply chains in low- and middle-income countries has received less attention. The review assesses potential linkages between global and local value chains in African countries, and the sustainability outcomes of supply chain innovations. The keynotes emphasizes that market competition as well competition for land, labour, water, and other resources may create negative linkages between the development of global and local food value chains. Spill-over effects, such as investment, technical or institutional spillovers, may create positive linkages and complementarities in the process of supply chain development. The existence of such linkages importantly depends on the type of crop and the structure and organisation of supply chains and entail important consequences towards socio-economic and environmental sustainability.
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Amalia, Hadina Rizky, and Herry Yulistiyono. "Analisis Peran Sektor Basis dan Non Basis dalam Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Kabupaten Gresik." Jurnal Ilmiah Aset 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37470/1.22.2.166.
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This research aims to identify base and non-base sectors and analyze the absorption of labor in the base and non-base sectors in Gresik Regency as informationand consideration in economic development planning. This research is a descriptive quantitative study using secondary data of PDRB variables and labor and its components in Gresik Regency. The analytical methods used in this study are LQ analysis, shiftshare analysis, MRP analysis and labor absorption analysis. The results of the LQ analysis show the processing industry sector, the mining and quarrying sectors and the electricity and gas procurement sector are the base sectors. The results of the shiftshare analysis show sectors where the average power growth is higher than overall economic growth are the agricultural sector, the provision of drinking accommodation, construction, trade, transportation and warehousing, information and communication, financial services, corporate services, education services and the healthcare sector. While the sectors whose average local competitiveness growth is higher than the competitiveness of the same sector in East Java Province are agriculture, electricity procurement, water procurement, construction, trade, information and communication, food and drink accommodation provision sector, corporate services sector, government administration, education services, health and other service sectors. The results of the MRP analysis also show that the electricity and gas procurement sector is the leading sector in terms of growth. From the analysis of labor elasticity, it is known that the average sector with the highest labor elasticity value in 2011-2015 is the base sector, namely the mining sector and the electricity and gas procurement sector and in 2016-2017 is the non-base sector, namely the transportation sector and financial institutions.
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Siregar, Amril Mutoi. "PENGELOMPOKAN BIDANG LAJU PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS." Jurnal Accounting Information System (AIMS) 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/aims.v2i2.342.
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Indonesian is one of countries with economic development in the very good category. Economic growth is seen from several supporting fields, Indonesia has a lot of excess natural resources, which can support the economy compared to other countries. But the problem faced is the lack of maximum management of the economy, Indonesia has economic support categorized into 17 fields. Among the fields not in the same development because they are still stuck in one area, it turns out that Indonesia has all the potential to improve all fields. To increase the growth of all fields, the government must have correct, accurate and relevant data to group these fields. In this study using the Decision Tree algorithm to classify fields supporting economic growth automatically. The grouping results into three classes, namely high, medium, low. After the research was conducted the results were that the high category group was Mining and Excavation, Construction, transportation and warehousing, Provosion of accommodation and food Drinking, Information and Communication, Financial Services and Insurance, Real Estate, Educational Services, Health Services and Social Activities, medium groups were Procurement of Electricity and Gas, Company Services and low-income groups are in the fields of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Processing Industry, water supply , waste management, Waste and Recycling, large Trade and retail, car and motorcycle repair, Government Administration, Defense and Compulsory Social Security, Other Services.
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Raheman, Fazal, Tejas Bhagat, Brecht Vermeulen, and Peter Van Daele. "Will Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) Ever Be Possible? Testing the Hypothesis." Future Internet 14, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14080238.
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Life without computers is unimaginable. However, computers remain vulnerable to cybercrimes, a USD 6 trillion industry that the world has come to accept as a “necessary evil.” Third-party permissions resulting in an attack surface (AS) and in-computer storage that computers mandate are key design elements that hackers exploit, formerly by remote malware installation and later by stealing personal data using authentication faking techniques. In legacy computers, the AS cannot be completely eliminated, nor can a connected device retain data offline, rendering fool-proof cybersecurity impossible. Although the architects of legacy computers made perfectly reasonable engineering trade-offs for their world, our world is very different. Zero vulnerability computing (ZVC) challenges the impossible with in-computer offline storage (ICOS) and Supra OS (SOS), to deliver comprehensive protection against vulnerabilities. The feasibility of ZVC is demonstrated in a tiny permanently computer-mounted hardware wallet, providing the first evidence of the complete obliteration of the AS. Malware cannot infect the ZVC device on account of lacking an AS, nor can personal data be hacked as they mostly remain offline, except for sporadic processing. Further research should explore whether ZVC can fully secure computers in more complex real-world scenarios and open a new epoch in the evolution of computers and the Internet.
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Sharma, Meenakshi, Prashant Kaushik, and Aakash Chawade. "Frontiers in the Solicitation of Machine Learning Approaches in Vegetable Science Research." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158600.
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Along with essential nutrients and trace elements, vegetables provide raw materials for the food processing industry. Despite this, plant diseases and unfavorable weather patterns continue to threaten the delicate balance between vegetable production and consumption. It is critical to utilize machine learning (ML) in this setting because it provides context for decision-making related to breeding goals. Cutting-edge technologies for crop genome sequencing and phenotyping, combined with advances in computer science, are currently fueling a revolution in vegetable science and technology. Additionally, various ML techniques such as prediction, classification, and clustering are frequently used to forecast vegetable crop production in the field. In the vegetable seed industry, machine learning algorithms are used to assess seed quality before germination and have the potential to improve vegetable production with desired features significantly; whereas, in plant disease detection and management, the ML approaches can improve decision-support systems that assist in converting massive amounts of data into valuable recommendations. On similar lines, in vegetable breeding, ML approaches are helpful in predicting treatment results, such as what will happen if a gene is silenced. Furthermore, ML approaches can be a saviour to insufficient coverage and noisy data generated using various omics platforms. This article examines ML models in the field of vegetable sciences, which encompasses breeding, biotechnology, and genome sequencing.
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Kőműves, Zsolt, and Viktória Horváthné Petrás. "A sertéshústermelést és -fogyasztást befolyásoló tényezők." Élelmiszer, Táplálkozás és Marketing 13, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33567/etm.2253.
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The decrease in the number of pigs grew to a drastic proportion during the past few decades. before the change of the regime therewere approximately 10 million pigs counted, but today this number is slightly beyond 3 million. The decline in livestock has anegative effect on the competitive position of both this sector and that of other branches of industry as well weakening significantlythe economic importance of the sector. The underlying causes of the process leading to the decline are diverse. to reveal thesolution a versatile analysis of the economic situation is essential, which should be started in the first place by the examination ofthe factors defining the competitiveness of the pig sector. The aim of this work is to reveal and characterize the national capacities,the physical and biological, as well as the social, economic (market) and human factors pointing to the most important differencesat the same time. This study analyzes the efficiency of the chosen farms according to the size of plant, standard of production, technologyand capacity of maintenance. summarizing the farmers’ opinions and the data obtained, it can be stated that farmers in thecurrent situation are satisfied with the buying price as one of the most essential factors of production. however, they emphasizedthe role of prices as a factor of uncertainty. As a result of changing the out-of-date technology considerable improvement could beobserved in the natural indexes. Unfortunately, significant changes should be accomplished in the feasibility of support andfinancing investment. The strict environmental regulations of animal keeping make the operation of farms – mainly of those thatdo not possess arable land – more difficult. reforms would provide relief for the operating farms. The market price regulation ofthe alternative fodder and the existent substitute products could appear as a significant cost efficiency factor during production.Workers with unsuitable education – and often being incompetent –, trade unions operating as false organizations as well as thelack of cooperation with the food processing industry affect the sector sensitively.
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Kostadinova, Nadya, Nadezhda Petrova, and Georgi Aleksiev. "Sustainability of the Bulgarian food processing industry." Central European Review of Economics and Management 3, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.745.
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Abstract:
Bulgarian agricultural sector underwent a transformation during the last decade of the 20th century, and its economic impact has lessened as a result. After the accession of the country to the European Union in 2007 Bulgarian agricultural product had uninterrupted access to the common market and most producers has oriented their production towards it. As a result Bulgarian food processing industry was put under great stress, due to its supply chain being greatly compromised.
Aim: To investigate the sustainability of the functioning and development of the food processing industry in Bulgaria.
In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:
- to analyze the state and development of Bulgaria food industry;
- to examine the problems and prospects for its sustainable functioning.
Design / Research methods: The methods used to solve the tasks are: analysis and synthesis, systematic and structural approach, statistical calculations.
Conclusions / findings: The expectations of the study are that both positive and negative trends in the sustainable functioning of the food processing industry in Bulgaria will be identified.
Originality / value of the article: The prospects for the sustainable development of the food processing industry are in direct correlation and dependence not just on the opportunities for development of foreign markets as a result of the liberalization and globalization of trade, but also on the preservation of its positions in our national market.
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Reed, Michael R., and Mary A. Marchant. "The Global Competitiveness of the U.S. Food-Processing Industry." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 21, no. 1 (April 1992): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00002531.
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Before the 1970s, the U.S. economy was so large relative to the rest of the world that few American economists worried about the international sector and its relation to the U.S. economy. That view has changed dramatically in the past two decades. Total U.S. trade has increased from only $83 billion in 1970 to $866 billion in 1990, averaging a 12.4% increase each year. Exports accounted for less than 4% of U.S. gross national product (GNP) in the 1950s and 1960s, but now exports account for about 6% of U.S. GNP. These changes have radical implications for U.S. firms and government policies. The U.S. can no longer disregard economic occurrences in the rest of the world.
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Hirschberg, Joseph G., Ian M. Sheldon, and James R. Dayton. "An analysis of bilateral intra-industry trade in the food processing sector." Applied Economics 26, no. 2 (February 1994): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849400000071.
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Lagaida, Bugi Biruloma, and Tanti Novianti. "Kebijakan Perdagangan Impor Bahan Baku Industri Makanan dan Minuman." JURNAL MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS (Journal Of Agribusiness Management) 10, no. 2 (October 23, 2022): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jma.2022.v10.i02.p08.
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Food and Beverage processing industry is the greatest contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indonesia. Additionally, the demand of food and beverages product is rising along with population; about 8.4% rise in 2011 to 2019. The food and beverage processing industry is the most priority in the national industry development. Main constrain for food and beverage processing industry growth is raw material availability. This industry need raw material with certain specification and volume. Raw material from domestic did not qualify such as quality and quantity. From this, raw material for food processing industry is fulfilled by import raw material. This thesis aims to investigate which raw materials that most fulfilled by import and what trade policy happen in import materials.
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Szczepaniak, Iwona. "Development of Intra-industry Trade as a Measure of Competitiveness of the Polish Food Sector." Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.018.
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This article aims at analysing the significance of the intra-industry trade in the Polish foreign trade in agri-food products and assessment of the competitiveness of the Polish food sector on this basis. The analysis uses, first of all, the index introduced by Grubel and Lloyd (hereinafter referred to as GL index), which is a commonly used indicator of intra-industry trade intensity and one of the measures of international competitiveness. The analysis showed that in the period of Poland’s membership in the European Union the foreign trade in agri-food products noted a significant boost and the competitive position of Polish food producers improved on the international scale. At the same time, the intensity level of intra-industry trade in these products increased considerably. In 2001-2011, the importance of intra-industry trade in the Polish agri-food trade increased by over 14 percentage points. Consequently, in 2011 almost 50% of the trade in agri-food products was intra-industry trade. A predominant part of this exchange was horizontal intra-industry trade, including trade in goods differentiated in respect to a given industry that were relatively highly processed and showed a high level of substitutability between each other. The intra-industry trade in differentiated products of lower level of processing was less intensive. These products included agricultural raw materials and homogeneous products. Moreover, as regards the food sector a quite significant part was played by vertical intra-industry trade, including re-export, i.e. export of finished goods manufactured form raw materials imported from other climate zones. The growing intensity level of intra-industry trade in agri-food products is one of the markers of high competitiveness of the Polish food producers.
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Rugman, Alan M., and Andrew Anderson. "The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and Canada's Agri-Food Industries." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 19, no. 2 (October 1990): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00002130.
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The food processing industry is Canada's second-largest manufacturing industry. It employed 226,579 people in 1986, and shipments were valued at CDN $47 billion, or 15 percent of the value of total manufactured output that year. More significantly, the food and beverage industries together ranked highest among all manufacturing industries in terms of value added, at CDN $15 billion or approximately 14 percent of total value added in Canadian manufacturing industries in 1986 (Statistics Canada). Given the high degree of competition in this industry in the United States, the history of “comfortable” competition in the food industry in Canada, and the significant contribution of this industry to the Canadian economy, it becomes important to look more carefully at how this industry has been and will be affected by the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
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Kiraye, Michael, Mwinkione Mwinyihija, William Wanasolo, and Rosemary Nalwanga. "The Uganda’s perspective, status and implementation of the National leather value chain Strategies." Journal of Africa Leather and Leather Producuts Advances 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15677/jallpa.2018.v4i1.15.
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Uganda is transforming her leather value chain to a modern and competitive sub-sector, aiming at production of value-added leather materials and leather products from the abundant raw hides and skins at the slaughter houses and abattoirs. The challenge though is the exportation of about 95% of the wet blue product, which is the only processed leather material for export from Uganda. More still, the quantity of wet blue produced and exported from Uganda stands at 1.08 million pieces from hides and 2.01 million pieces from goats and sheep skins amounting to 17.28 m sq. ft and 7.04m sq. Ft, respectively. In total this translates to about 24.32m sq. ft of finished leather if it was to be processed from within Uganda. Taking an average square foot of 2.5 sq. ft per pair of shoes, then this output would give about 9.73m pairs of leather shoes. Since Uganda needs about 25 m pairs of leather shoes per annum, it implies that there would be a deficit of about 16.88 m pairs of shoes per annum. This deficit has been covered by importing about 0.5 m pairs of leather shoes per annum and about 23.5 m pairs of synthetic leather shoes and second-hand shoes combined. Now Uganda exports about 24.32 m sq. ft worth of leather (about 9.73m pairs of shoes) and imports about 0.5 m pairs of leather shoes which is a sixteenth of what is exported. Exportation of unfinished products for processing elsewhere goes with jobs and services as well. For this reason, wet blue product made in Uganda need to be further processed in the country to avail leather and leather products, service like Design Studios, facilities, e.g., incubation centers and jobs. The information about tanneries was obtained by use of a questionnaire in which respondents were tannery industry production managers. In addition, documentary review of the world population on Uganda, Ministry of Trade Industry and Cooperatives (MTIC) abstracts and UBOS census 2014 reports were also used as the source of data. According to the Uganda census 2014, the country’s primary and secondary going children are 10,113,201 students. If for example these students wear leather shoes at 35,000/= per pair per annum then the leather Sector would earn 353bn UGX per annum. This contribution would be about 56 times that which tourism is contributing towards the GDP of Uganda, implying that the leather sector in Uganda, if emphasised could stimulate economic growth of the country.
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Mroczek, Robert. "Pozycja przemysłu spożywczego w łańcuchu żywnościowym w Polsce na przełomie XX/XXI wieku." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.94.
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The food industry is one of the main elements of the food economy. It is the biggest consumer of raw agricultural materials, and at the same time a primary input into the wholesale trade and retail market. The significance of the food industry is also growing, due to the fact that processing plants often integrate the entities that participate in food manufacturing processes, from the proverbial “field to table.” The high quality of Polish agriculture and the increasing demand for highly-processes foods is adding to the growth of the industry. In recent years, large retail chains have gained an advantage in trade relations (mainly with foreign capital). They often impose conditions for the sale of food suppliers (food companies and agricultural producers).
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Nikitina, M. A., V. A. Pchelkina, and O. A. Kuznetsova. "Technological solutions for intelligent data processing in the food industry." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-256-263.
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The article is devoted to the possibilities of application of artificial neural networks (ANN), which are a mathematical model, as well as its software or hardware implementation, built on the principle of organization and functioning of nerve cell networks of a living organism. Convolutional neural networks are arranged like the visual cortex of the brain and have achieved great success in image recognition, they are able to concentrate on a small area and highlight important features in it. The widespread use of ANN in medicine for the evaluation of radiographs, blood pressure and body mass index of patients on the analysis of their retina is noted. The use of ANN in the food industry for input quality control of raw materials is promising. In the world practice, various methods of remote control of raw materials are used, for this purpose ultrasonic scanning devices are mainly used. Such devices and analysis systems control raw materials by the ratio of meat tissues (muscle, connective, fat) in the carcass or half-carcass, without affecting the tissue structure, do not lead the quality at the cellular (microstructural) level. It is established that the structure of muscle (diameter of muscle fibers, the safety of the cellular elements, the porosity of the tissue, integrity of muscle fibers) reflects the quality of the raw material, its thermal state. Our work has begun on the creation of an expert system for quality control of meat raw materials at the microstructural level using modern intelligent technologies as ANN and computer vision. This direction is relevant and socially significant in the development of the meat industry, as it will significantly speed up the process of analysis of the quality of raw meat in the research laboratories of meat processing enterprises and testing centers and improve the objectivity of the results.
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Ghosh, Prabal K., and Digvir S. Jayas. "Use of spectroscopic data for automation in food processing industry." Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-008-9068-7.
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Luo, Xiaofei, Yonghui Han a, and Siqi Zhong. "Analysis on the Trade Structural Competitiveness in Manufacturing Industry between Guangzhou and “the Belt and Road” Participating Countries Based on Lafay Index." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504034.
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The economic development in Guangzhou presents an export-oriented characteristic. Therefore, it is the key path for Guangzhou’s manufacturing to upgrade by participating the construction of the Belt and Road initiative. This paper adopts Lafay Index to measure the structural competitiveness of trade between China and countries along the B&R and finds that Guangzhou has a long-term and stable comparative advantage in clothing and textile industry, metal products industry and leather products industry, but a long-term disadvantage in metal smelting industry, chemical manufacturing industry and non-metallic mineral products. It also shows a high degree of intra-industry trade in food processing industry, sports and entertainment industry.
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Režek Jambrak, Anet, Marinela Nutrizio, Ilija Djekić, Sanda Pleslić, and Farid Chemat. "Internet of Nonthermal Food Processing Technologies (IoNTP): Food Industry 4.0 and Sustainability." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020686.
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With the introduction of Industry 4.0, and smart factories accordingly, there are new opportunities to implement elements of industry 4.0 in nonthermal processing. Moreover, with application of Internet of things (IoT), smart control of the process, big data optimization, as well as sustainable production and monitoring, there is a new era of Internet of nonthermal food processing technologies (IoNTP). Nonthermal technologies include high power ultrasound, pulsed electric fields, high voltage electrical discharge, high pressure processing, UV-LED, pulsed light, e-beam, and advanced thermal food processing techniques include microwave processing, ohmic heating and high-pressure homogenization. The aim of this review was to bring in front necessity to evaluate possibilities of implementing smart sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, additive technologies with nonthermal technologies, with the possibility to create smart factories together with strong emphasis on sustainability. This paper brings an overview on digitalization, IoT, additive technologies (3D printing), cloud data storage and smart sensors including two SWOT analysis associated with IoNTPs and sustainability. It is of high importance to perform life cycle assessment (LCA), to quantify (En)—environmental dimension; (So)—social dimension and (Ec)—economic dimension. SWOT analysis showed: potential for energy saving during food processing; optimized overall environmental performance; lower manufacturing cost; development of eco-friendly products; higher level of health and safety during food processing and better work condition for workers. Nonthermal and advanced thermal technologies can be applied also as sustainable techniques working in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2030 issued by United Nations (UN).
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Munir, Misbahul, and Muhammad Masyhuri. "The Strategy of Trade In The Halal Food Industry In Jember." IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/iqtishoduna.v10i1.902.
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The halal product industry continues to grow and has a big influence on the global market. In fact, Indonesia is determined to make the country's halal product industry more competitive in the world halal market. To anticipate this global market competition, Indonesia as a Muslim majority country must be able to take the advantage of this enormous opportunity. The role of the network in developing halal products to the global market was when marketing its products. PT. Mitratani could not be separated from relationships with business partners. Each business partner had a role to play. Also, PT. Mitratani could not separate the use of information technology and media as a means to expand marketing to the global market.
To create an edge in competition, PT. Mitratani focused on customer and consumer needs. The most important thing was to build trust in business partners. PT. Mitratani's advantage was in the cultivation of edamame. It was from planting to the use of pesticides and fertilizers, until PT Mitratani farmers did their own crops and carried out quality control on each land. This was done to maintain the quality of edamame. PT. Mitratani also improved the quality of its products by implementing HACCP, SOP and GMP in processing and production. In addition to maintaining the quality of PT, Mitratani had established good relationships with company stakeholders so that loyalty and trusted in the product and the company could continue.
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Ghazalian, Pascal L. "Processed Food Trade of Greece with EU and Non-EU Countries." International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models 1, no. 2 (July 2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfbmbm.2016070102.
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This paper examines the implications of the European Union (EU) regional trade preferences for processed food trade between Greece and its EU partners, and between Greece and non-EU countries. The empirical analysis relies on the gravity model, and uses different estimation techniques. The results show that the EU regional trade preferences led to substantial increases in processed food trade between Greece and its EU partners, emphasizing trade creation effects. The magnitudes of these increases are higher than the intra-EU average, and are more pronounced for Greece's imports than for Greece's exports. The results also indicate that the EU regional trade preferences brought about decreases in processed food trade between Greece and non-EU countries, implying trade diversion effects. The Greek food processing industry could benefit from competitiveness-promoting strategies (e.g., upgrading innovation activities, marketing and distribution channels, and production efficiency) to expand exports to the EU market and to counter import competition in the domestic market. JEL Classification: F13, F14, F15.
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Mrdalj, Vesna. "Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i3.p154-163.
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This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.
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Mrdalj, Vesna. "Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v8i1.p154-163.
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This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.
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Saikumar, B. C., A. V. Manjunatha, P. G. Chengappa, and N. Nagaraj. "Value Addition in Agriculture and Allied Sectors." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2010): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i4.69.
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India is one of the World’s major food producers contributing less than 1.5 percent of international food trade. This implies that there is a vast scope for investment in agro processing for better value addition and job creation. In year 2000, the sales turnover of Indian food industries is Rs. 140,000 crores with higher percentage of employment generation potential as compared with other sectors i.e., 54,000 persons get direct employment per Rs.100 million of investment in the food sector as compared to 48,000 in textiles and 25,000 in paper industry. Currently in India, value addition to raw materials at different stages includes   primary processing with 75 percent, whereas secondary and tertiary processing together accounts only 25 percent. Value of Indian food industry has increased from Rs.3.09 trillion in 1993- 94 to 3.99 trillion in 2000 –01. Indian food processing earnings was 20 US $ billion in 1995-96 and expected to increase to 60 US $ billion by the end of 2006. Turn over of the total Indian food market is 2,50,000 crore per year contributing 1.5 percent to the global processed food trade. Annual consumption of value added foods alone would grow to Rs.2, 25,000 crore by 2007 will be larger than manufacturing sector. Agro-Food Processing industries can reduce losses to the tune of Rs.8000 crore by increasing value addition from current level of 7 percent to 35 percent. Present rate of 2 percent of commercial processing can be increased to 10 percent by 2010 by investing Rs.15, 000 crore this creates additional employment directly for 77 lakh people and indirectly for 3 crore people.Â
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González Laxe, Fernando, Federico Martín Palmero, and Domingo Calvo Dopico. "Liberalization and tariff dismantling." British Food Journal 118, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 250–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2015-0087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact that the free trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and Chile and its resulting dismantling of tariffs has had on the mussel cultivation industry, particularly in Galicia. Specifically, the authors examine how trade liberalisation has affected the mussel farming industry. Design/methodology/approach – The authors aim to observe the general panorama of both the evolution of production, distinguishing between fresh and industrial usage, and the evolution of prices at source depending on destination (fresh or industrial in the period 2003-2012). In order to analyse the relationships between different agents of the value chain, Porter’s model has been used as a reference. Findings – There is a loss of competitiveness in the mussel farming-production sector following the liberalisation agreement of 2006 and huge bargaining power of the processing sector vs the production sector. Practical implications – There is an opportunity to implement traceability programmes and develop a more differentiated product. In addition, it is profitable to promote Galician mussels through generic advertising and promoting exports. Originality/value – There is a lack of empirical studies about the impact that the new free trade agreement between the EU and Chile has had on the Spanish mussel industry. Particularly, the study analyses economic repercussions, managerial implications and new challenges stemming from the new context of trade liberalisation.
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Gopinath, Munisamy, Daniel Pick, and Utpal Vasavada. "Exchange Rate Effects on the Relationship between FDI and Trade in the U.S. Food Processing Industry." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80, no. 5 (December 1998): 1073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1244207.
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Vancauteren, Mark, and Bruno Henry de Frahan. "Trade Policy, Competition and Productivity: The Impact of EU Harmonization in the Dutch Food Processing Industry." De Economist 159, no. 4 (September 20, 2011): 483–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10645-011-9171-8.
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