Academic literature on the topic 'Food microbiology. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Food microbiology. eng"
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Skandamis, Panagiotis N., and George-John E. Nychas. "Quorum Sensing in the Context of Food Microbiology." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (June 15, 2012): 5473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00468-12.
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ABSTRACTFood spoilage may be defined as a process that renders a product undesirable or unacceptable for consumption and is the outcome of the biochemical activity of a microbial community that eventually dominates according to the prevailing ecological determinants. Although limited information are reported, this activity has been attributed to quorum sensing (QS). Consequently, the potential role of cell-to-cell communication in food spoilage and food safety should be more extensively elucidated. Such information would be helpful in designing approaches for manipulating these communication systems, thereby reducing or preventing, for instance, spoilage reactions or even controlling the expression of virulence factors. Due to the many reports in the literature on the fundamental features of QS, e.g., chemistry and definitions of QS compounds, in this minireview, we only allude to the types and chemistry of QS signaling moleculesper seand to the (bioassay-based) methods of their detection and quantification, avoiding extensive documentation. Conversely, we attempt to provide insights into (i) the role of QS in food spoilage, (ii) the factors that may quench the activity of QS in foods and review the potential QS inhibitors that might “mislead” the bacterial coordination of spoilage activities and thus may be used as biopreservatives, and (iii) the future experimental approaches that need to be undertaken in order to explore the “gray” or “black” areas of QS, increase our understanding of how QS affects microbial behavior in foods, and assist in finding answers as to how we can exploit QS for the benefit of food preservation and food safety.
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MUSGROVE, MICHAEL T., DEANA R. JONES, JULIE K. NORTHCUTT, MARK A. HARRISON, and NELSON A. COX. "Impact of Commercial Processing on the Microbiology of Shell Eggs." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 2367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.11.2367.
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Shell egg microbiology has been studied extensively, but little information is available on how modern U.S. processing conditions impact microbial populations. As regulations are being drafted for the industry, such information can be important for determining processing steps critical to product safety. Five different shell egg surface microbial populations (aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella) were monitored at 12 points along the processing line (accumulator, prewash rinse, washer 1, washer 2, sanitizer, dryer, oiler, scales, two packer head lanes, rewash entrance, and rewash exit). Three commercial facilities were each visited three times, a total of 990 eggs were sampled, and 5,220 microbiological samples were subsequently analyzed. Although variations existed in concentrations of microorganisms recovered from each plant, the patterns of fluctuation for each population were similar at each plant. On average, aerobes, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli prevalence were reduced by 30, 20, 50, and 30%, respectively, by the end of processing. The microbial concentrations (log CFU per milliliter) in the egg rinse collected from packer head lanes were decreased by 3.3, 1.3, 1.3, and 0.5, respectively, when compared with those of rinses collected from eggs at the accumulator. Salmonella was recovered from 0 to 48% of pooled samples in the three repetitions. Higher concentrations of Salmonella were recovered from preprocessed than from in-process or ready-to-pack eggs. These data indicate that current commercial practices decrease microbial contamination of egg shell surfaces.
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BLAIS, BURTON W., and LUCILLE PHILLIPPE. "Detection of Hazelnut Proteins in Foods by Enzyme Immunoassay Using Egg Yolk Antibodies." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.6.895.
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An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of hazelnut proteins in foods. This assay used inexpensive chicken egg yolk antibodies in a sandwich EIA format for the immunospecific capture and detection of hazelnut proteins present in a variety of different food matrices. The assay was able to detect less than 1 ppm of hazelnut protein in most of the foods tested and did not exhibit any appreciable cross-reactivity with other nuts or food matrices. This assay will be a useful tool for the food industry and regulatory agencies that wish to test foods for the presence of undeclared hazelnut allergens.
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Tsao, Chen-Yu, Liang Wang, Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Hyunmin Yi, John C. March, Matthew P. DeLisa, Thomas K. Wood, James J. Valdes, and William E. Bentley. "LuxS Coexpression Enhances Yields of Recombinant Proteins inEscherichia coliin Part through Posttranscriptional Control of GroEL." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 6 (January 28, 2011): 2141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02347-10.
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ABSTRACTCell-to-cell communication, or quorum sensing (QS), enables cell density-dependent regulation of bacterial gene expression which can be exploited for the autonomous-signal-guided expression of recombinant proteins (C. Y. Tsao, S. Hooshangi, H. C. Wu, J. J. Valdes, and W. E. Bentley, Metab. Eng. 12:291-297, 2010). Earlier observations that the metabolic potential ofEscherichia coliis conveyed via the QS signaling molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) suggested that the capacity for protein synthesis could also be affected by AI-2 signaling (M. P. DeLisa, J. J. Valdes, and W. E. Bentley, J. Bacteriol. 183:2918-2928, 2001). In this work, we found that simply adding conditioned medium containing high levels of AI-2 at the same time as inducing the synthesis of recombinant proteins doubled the yield of active product. We have hypothesized that AI-2 signaling “conditions” cells as a natural consequence of cell-to-cell communication and that this could tweak the signal transduction cascade to alter the protein synthesis landscape. We insertedluxS(AI-2 synthase) into vectors which cosynthesized proteins of interest (organophosphorus hydrolase [OPH], chloramphenicol acetyltransferase [CAT], or UV-variant green fluorescent protein [GFPuv]) and evaluated the protein expression inluxS-deficient hosts. In this way, we altered the level ofluxSin the cells in order to “tune” the synthesis of AI-2. We found conditions in which the protein yield was dramatically increased. Further studies demonstrated coincident upregulation of the chaperone GroEL, which may have facilitated higher yields and is shown for the first time to be positively regulated at the posttranscriptional level by AI-2. This report is the first to demonstrate that the protein synthesis capacity ofE. colican be altered by rewiring quorum sensing circuitry.
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GORMLEY, F. J., C. L. LITTLE, N. MURPHY, E. de PINNA, and J. MCLAUCHLIN. "Pooling Raw Shell Eggs: Salmonella Contamination and High Risk Practices in the United Kingdom Food Service Sector." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.3.574.
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Salmonella contamination of pooled raw shelled egg mix (RSEM) used as an ingredient in lightly cooked or uncooked foods and high-risk kitchen hygiene practices in United Kingdom food service establishments using RSEM were investigated. Samples were collected from 934 premises. Salmonella was found in 1 (0.13%) of 764 RSEM samples, 2 (0.3%) of 726 samples from surfaces where ready-to-eat foods were prepared, and 7 (1.3%) of 550 cleaning cloths. Poor RSEM storage and handling practices were highlighted. Workers in 40% of the premises sampled failed to use designated utensils when RSEM was added to other ingredients, workers in 17% of the premises did not clean surfaces and utensils thoroughly after use with RSEM and before preparing other foods, only 42% of workers washed and dried their hands after handling eggs or RSEM, workers in 41% of the premises did not store RSEM at refrigeration temperature before use, and workers in 8% of the premises added RSEM to cooked rice at the end of cooking when preparing egg fried rice. Take-away premises, especially those serving Chinese cuisine, were least likely to have a documented food safety management system and awareness of the key food safety points concerning the use of RSEM compared with other food service premises (P < 0.0001). Food service businesses using RSEM must be aware of the continuing hazard from Salmonella, must adopt appropriate control measures, and must follow advice provided by national food agencies to reduce the risk of Salmonella infection.
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FONG, KAREN, and SIYUN WANG. "Strain-Specific Survival of Salmonella enterica in Peanut Oil, Peanut Shell, and Chia Seeds." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-419.
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ABSTRACT In North America, outbreaks of Salmonella have been linked to low–water activity (aw) foods, such as nuts and seeds. These outbreaks have implicated an assortment of Salmonella serotypes. Some Salmonella serotypes (e.g., Enteritidis and Typhimurium) cause high proportions of salmonellosis. Nevertheless, there has recently been an emergence of uncommon Salmonella serotypes and strains (e.g., Tennessee, Hartford, and Thompson) in low-aw foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival characteristics of Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Tennessee, Hartford, and Thompson in three low-aw food ingredients with varying aw: peanut oil (aw = 0.521 ± 0.003), peanut shell (aw = 0.321 ± 0.20), and chia seeds (aw = 0.585 ± 0.003). The survival of individual Salmonella strains on each food matrix was monitored for a maximum of 150 days by spreading the bacterial cells onto Luria-Bertani and/or xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Overall, Salmonella survived for the longest periods of time in peanut oil (96 ± 8 days), followed by chia seeds (94 ± 46 days). The survival period was substantially reduced on the surface of peanut shell (42 ± 49 h), although PCR after 70 days of incubation revealed the presence of Salmonella cells. In addition, Salmonella exhibited a strain-specific response in the three low-aw foods tested. Salmonella Hartford was identified as highly persistent in all low-aw food matrices, whereas Salmonella Typhimurium was the least persistent. The current research emphasizes the adaptable nature of Salmonella to low-aw food ingredients. This may pose additional problems owing to the downstream production of various end products. Additionally, unique survival characteristics among Salmonella strains highlight the need for tailored mitigation strategies regarding high-risk Salmonella strains in the food industry.
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Pinon, Anthony, Marcel Zwietering, Louise Perrier, Jeanne-Marie Membré, Benoît Leporq, Eric Mettler, Dominique Thuault, Louis Coroller, Valérie Stahl, and Michèle Vialette. "Development and Validation of Experimental Protocols for Use of Cardinal Models for Prediction of Microorganism Growth in Food Products." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.1081-1087.2004.
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ABSTRACT An experimental protocol to validate secondary-model application to foods was suggested. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella were observed in various food categories, such as meat, dairy, egg, or seafood products. The secondary model validated in this study was based on the gamma concept, in which the environmental factors temperature, pH, and water activity (aw) were introduced as individual terms with microbe-dependent parameters, and the effect of foodstuffs on the growth rates of these species was described with a food- and microbe-dependent parameter. This food-oriented approach was carried out by challenge testing, generally at 15 and 10°C for L. monocytogenes, E. coli, B. cereus, and Salmonella and at 25 and 20°C for C. perfringens. About 222 kinetics in foods were generated. The results were compared to simulations generated by existing software, such as PMP. The bias factor was also calculated. The methodology to obtain a food-dependent parameter (fitting step) and therefore to compare results given by models with new independent data (validation step) is discussed in regard to its food safety application. The proposed methods were used within the French national program of predictive microbiology, Sym′Previus, to include challenge test results in the database and to obtain predictive models designed for microbial growth in food products.
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HE, XIAOHUA, STEPHANIE McMAHON, THOMAS A. McKEON, and DAVID L. BRANDON. "Development of a Novel Immuno-PCR Assay for Detection of Ricin in Ground Beef, Liquid Chicken Egg, and Milk." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.4.695.
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Reliable, sensitive, and high-throughput methods are essential for food defense, to detect foodborne contaminants and to facilitate remediation and recovery from potential toxin-related incidents. Ricin is a protein toxin that has been used for intentional contamination of foods in the past. In this study, we developed procedures for quantification of ricin in foods using immuno-PCR (IPCR). The direct adsorption of ricin onto the wells of a microtitration plate was compared with indirect immobilization via a capture antibody (sandwich IPCR). The latter procedure provided much greater sensitivity. We also compared a protocol with the immunoassay and PCR conducted in a single plate to a two-step procedure in which the PCR was conducted in a second plate, following release and transfer of the DNA marker. The two-step procedure proved 1,000-fold more sensitive for ricin detection, so this format was used to detect ricin in spiked samples of ground beef, chicken egg, and milk, and the results were compared with those obtained from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IPCR had a limit of detection of 10 pg/ml in chicken egg and milk samples and 100 pg/ml in ground beef extracts. Comparable ELISA results were in the 1 to 10 ng/ml range. Thus, IPCR affords sensitivity that is 10-fold greater in the ground beef matrix, 100-fold greater in the milk, and 1,000-fold greater in the egg matrix than the sensitivity obtained by ELISA. Further optimization of the sandwich IPCR was performed by comparing various antibody combinations. Among the four formats investigated, the pAb-pAb combination yielded the lowest limit of detection (10 fg/ml).
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Barriere, Steven L. "Review of in Vitro Activity, Pharmacokinetic Characteristics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cefprozil, a New Oral Cephalosporin." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 9 (September 1993): 1082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302700914.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacokinetics, microbiology, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerance of cefprozil, a new, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. DATA SOURCES: Published clinical trials and microbiologic, pharmacokinetic, and safety data were identified by MEDLINE; additional references were derived from bibliographies of these articles; microbiologic data on file were provided by Bristol-Myers Squibb. STUDY SELECTION: Only published comparative clinical trial reports are included in the review of clinical efficacy. Noncomparative clinical data pertaining to uses of cefprozil not approved by the Food and Drug Administration are not included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data are presented on the in vitro microbiologic activity of cefprozil against 10 152 bacterial isolates, including most of the clinically important streptococci (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae), beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium difficile, and numerous other gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. In clinical trials, cefprozil appears to be at least as effective as commonly used comparison agents such as cefaclor, cefixime, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Additionally, cefprozil is better tolerated than the latter two agents, especially with regard to gastrointestinal adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Cefprozil is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin that provides coverage against both gram-negative and -positive bacteria that may cause otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, skin and skin-structure infections, secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis, and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The beta-lactamase stability of cefprozil appears to exceed that of other oral cephalosporins for some important pathogens. Cefprozil is used primarily for second-line treatment as less-expensive, first-line generic alternatives generally are available. Cefprozil demonstrates clinical advantages over many other orally administered beta-lactam antibiotics in terms of antimicrobial spectrum, a once- or twice-daily dosing regimen, and/or reduced incidence of adverse effects.
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Cagarirmak, Necla. "An evaluation of basic food science and main food biotechnology processes products from point of nutrition and obesity." Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control 10, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00318.
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Food biotechnology comprise sorts of scientific disciplines including food chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, bioreactors, fermentation process, nutrition and food quality assurance. In the Daily diet, fermented food and drinks have and special importance because of their functional properties and biochemical compounds. Food biotechnology products have great importance from point of nutrition and obesity. Alcohol consumption must be reduced because of high calorie intake and harmful effect to some organs such as brain, liver and also cause social problems when consumed excessive amount.In Turkish traditional fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir and kımız, boza, ty and tarhana and special pickles etc., have various functional properties and biochemical compounds that have beneficial effect to organism. They contain lactic acid bacteria, probiotics, B complex vitamins, nutritive minerals, and some specific compounds which can prevent to development of cancer and tumors, cardiovascular diseases and cholesterol reducing effect. Food biotechnology also includes Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). Studies are evaluated in food biotechnology too. On the other hand, the another significant and common fermented product types are beer, wine, wine agar, even distilled alcohol drinks those produced ethyl alcohol from carbohydrates sources e.g. gape fig, barley, wheat, rice or any carbohydrate sources. Food biotechnology can be evaluated in basic food science and food biotechnology process. The mentioned topics were reviewed in detail.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Food microbiology. eng"
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Munhoz, Patrícia Marques. "Qualidade higiênico-sanitária dos alimentos e avaliação sanitária dos conhecimentos sobre boas práticas por parte dos manipuladores de alimentos da rede municipal de ensino - Botucatu, SP /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98339.
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Orientador: Germano Francisco BiondiBanca: José Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto
Banca: Simone Carvalho Balian
Propôs-se colher e analisar amostras da merenda escolar, provenientes da Cozinha Piloto e de quatro pontos de distribuição, na cidade de Botucatu, SP. Objetivou-se avaliar o padrão higiênico-sanitário destas refeições, pesquisando os patógenos Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. O padrão higiênico-sanitário dos utensílios envolvidos na distribuição da merenda e o padrão microbiológico presente nas mãos dos manipuladores envolvidos também foram avaliados mediante análises microbiológicas para bactérias aeróbicas mesófilas, S. aureus, coliformes totais e fecais. A metodologia utilizada para a detecção de Salmonella spp obedeceu às normas estabelecidas pela FDA, enquanto que para Staphylococcus aureus a metodologia seguiu os fundamentos da Instrução Normativa SDA Nº62, de 26 de agosto de 2003. A análise de Escherichia coli, bactérias mesofílicas e coliformes totais foi realizada através de método rápido (Petrifilm®). Visou avaliar também o grau de conhecimento e capacitação dos manipuladores de alimentos através de aplicação de inquérito de múltipla escolha, o qual abrangeu tópicos relativos à higiene pessoal, alimentar e ambiental adotadas por estes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
The effectiveness of the food's hygienic-sanitary control from the raw material until their handling, processment, and consumption may be responsible to avoid several reports of diseases transmitted for foods. In order to gather and analyze school meal samples prepared in the Kitchen Headquarter and from four distribution places of Botucatu city, SP, the aim of the present study was to estimate the hygienic-sanitary standard of these meals, looking for Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. The hygienic-sanitary standard of utensils used at the school meal distribution and the microbiological standard present in the food handlers were also estimated by microbiological analyses of mesophyllic aerobic bacteria, S. aureus and coliforms. The methodology used to detect Salmonella spp was the FDA one, while Staphylococcus aureus methodology obeyed the Normative Instruction SDA Nº62, from August 26th, 2003. Escherichia coli, mesophyllic bacteria's, and coliforms analyses were done by rapid test (Petrifilm®). The research also estimated the food handlersþ knowledge and capacity through a checklist. The results showed no development of Salmonella spp/25g, presence < 1,0 x 102 UFC/g of Staphylococcus aureus and < 1,0 x 101 UFC/g of Escherichia coli in all food samples analyzed; the presence of coliforms in swab's samples was not observed, while Staphylococcus spp was identified in some food handler's hands; a high number of mesophyllic aerobic bacteria in handþs swabs were also observed, but into utensilsþsamplers this number was considered normal. The absence of outbreak pathogens in the food samples shows the right preparation of them, but doesnþt exclude the possibility of fortuitous farther contaminations due to absence of food handler's information and correct trainmen...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Mestre
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Cardozo, Marita Vedovelli. "Salmonella spp. e Clostridium perfringens em farinhas de origem animal utilizadas na fabricação de rações e avaliação de aditivo na inibição de patógeno /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94934.
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Orientador: Ruben Pablo Schocken IturrinoBanca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior
Banca: Alessandra Aparecida Medeiros
Resumo: O processamento dos resíduos gerados durante a produção avícola origina subprodutos que podem ser utilizados na alimentação animal resultando em rações economicamente viáveis. Entretanto, a qualidade dos ingredientes que compõem a ração é de extrema importância, pois o alimento pode veicular diversos patógenos. Dessa forma foi desenvolvido o presente estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar através dos métodos bacteriológicos convencionais a qualidade microbiológica de Farinha de Vísceras (FV), Farinha de Sangue e Penas (FSP) e Farinhas de Carne e Ossos (FCO) no que se refere a contaminação pelos microrganismos Salmonella spp. e Clostridium perfringens, bem como testar a eficiência para inibição microbiana de um produto químico a base de formaldeído e ácidos orgânicos. Das 180 amostras de farinhas analisadas, 71 (39,4%) apresentaram resultado positivo em relação à presença de C. perfringens, e 41 (22,8%) apresentaram resultado positivo quanto à presença de Salmonella spp. O produto a base de formaldeído e ácidos orgânicos mostrou-se eficiente na inibição de C. perfringens pois as contagens diminuíram significativamente após 24 horas e, após cinco dias foi observado ausência total do microrganismo nas amostras testadas. A presença dos patógenos Salmonella spp. e C. perfringens em todos os tipos de farinhas analisadas evidencia que este sub-setor necessita de aportes tecnológicos, além de serem responsáveis por perdas econômicas aos produtores e um risco à saúde pública. A eficiência do produto químico testado mostra que existe forma de inibir o crescimento do C. perfringens, um grande avanço para a avicultura
Abstract: The processing of the waste generated during production originates poultry products that can be used in animal feed rations resulting in economically viable. However, the quality of the ingredients in the diet is extremely important, because the food may carry various pathogens. Thus the present study was developed with the aim to assess by conventional bacteriological methods the microbiological quality of poultry offal meal (POM), Blood Meal and Feather (FSP) and Meat and Bone meal (MBM) with regard to contamination by pathogens Salmonella spp. and C. perfringens, as well as testing the efficiency of the chemical basis of formaldehyde and organic acids. Of 180 flour samples analyzed, 71 (39.4%) were positive for the presence of Clostridium perfringens, and 41 (22.8%) were positive for the presence of Salmonella spp. The base product of formaldehyde and organic acids proved effective in inhibiting C. perfringens as the counts decreased significantly after 24 hours, and after five days was observed total absence of the microorganism in the samples tested. The presence of the pathogens Salmonella spp. e C. perfringens in all kinds of flours analyzed shows that this sub-sector needs technological contributions, besides being responsible for economic losses to producers and a public health risk. The efficiency of the chemical test shows that there is no way to inhibit the growth of C. perfringens, a major breakthrough for the poultry industry
Mestre
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Sigarini, Cleise de Oliveira 1977. "Ocorrência de Listeria monocytogenes em frangos alternativos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104107.
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Resumo: O Brasil é um dos principais países produtores/exportadores e consumidores de carne de frango no mundo. A maioria das aves é criada tradicionalmente, porém uma parte já é produzida pelo método alternativo que preconiza o bem- estar das aves sem o uso de antibióticos, coccidiostásticos, promotores de crescimento e ração de origem animal. No entanto, devido à ausência de inibidores exógenos, bactérias patogênicas podem se disseminar sem restrição na granja, sendo levadas ao abatedouro, contaminando não só o ambiente de abate, mas também o produto destinado ao consumidor final. Uma destas bactérias, Listeria monocytogenes é um microrganismo ubíquo que provoca a listeriose, doença zoonótica grave que leva a aborto/natimortos, neuropatias, gastroenterites, principalmente em crianças e idosos. É portanto, de fundamental importância que conheçamos a prevalência desta bactéria da recepção das aves no abatedouro até o acondicionamento do produto final, para que possamos orientar com precisão os principais focos de contaminação. Assim, foram colhidas 230 amostras sendo estas, obtidas em ambientes, equipamentos, utensílios e em carcaças de frango em diferentes etapas de abate e processamento de frangos alternativos. As amostras foram analisadas pela técnica convencional de isolamento de L. monocytogenes e posterior confirmação por técnica molecular. De um total de 230 amostras analisadas, 12 foram confirmadas como L. monocytogenes, representando 5,21% do total de amostras colhidas em diferentes pontos do fluxograma de abate. Assim, do total de amostras positivas (12), apenas duas (3,33%) destas foram identificadas no produto final (cortes embalados).Abstract: Brazil is one of the major producers/exporters and consumers of chicken meat in the world. Chicken production has been mainly based on confinement systems, although many animals have been raised in alternative systems, which focuses animal welfare, antibiotic-free animal production, with no coccidiostatic drugs or growth promoters or food of animal origin. However the absence of exogenous inhibitors could potentially spread pathogenic bacteria to the farm and then to the slaughterhouse, contaminating not only the environment of slaughter, but also the final product. One of these bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes, is an ubiquitous pathogen which causes listeriosis, a severe zoonotic disease that leads to abortion/ stillbirth, neuropathy, gastroenteritis, mainly in children and elderly people.Therefore, the identification of sources of this bacterium in poultry slaughterhouses and in the final product is very important. A total of 230 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse environment, equipment, utensils and carcasses in different stages of slaughtering and chicken processing. Samples were analyzed using the conventional technique for isolation of L. monocytogenes. Confirmation was achieved using molecular technique. Only 12 out of 230 samples were positive for L. monocytogenes which represent 5.21% of the samples from this slaughterhouse. Only two samples (3.33%) from the final product were positive for this pathogen.
Orientador: Roberto de Oliveira Roça
Coorientador: José Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto
Banca: Hélio Langoni
Banca: Vera Lúcia Moraes Rall
Banca: Ricardo Ichiro Sakate
Banca: João Garcia Caramori Júnior
Doutor
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Gusmão, Viviane Vieira. "Qualidade microbiológica e ocorrência de leveduras em leite pasteurizado tipos A, B e C /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88397.
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Orientador: Fernando Leite HoffmannBanca: Vanerli Beloti
Banca: Crispin Humberto Garcia Cruz
Resumo: No Brasil, o leite possui uma posição de destaque, tanto do ponto de vista social como do econômico. Devido a sua composição peculiar rica em proteínas, gorduras, carboidratos, sais minerais e vitaminas, é considerado como um excelente meio de cultura, pois constitui um ambiente adequado para o desenvolvimento de vários microrganismos. A contaminação microbiana altera a qualidade do alimento e pode agir como veículo de microrganismos patogênicos, que podem provocar o desenvolvimento de doenças infecciosas ou intoxicações alimentares, que colocam em risco a saúde do consumidor e levam à condenação do leite, além da perda da qualidade nutricional do produto. O leite é freqüentemente relacionado com surtos de toxinfecções alimentares, o que justifica a necessidade de avaliações constantes de sua qualidade garantindo a sua condição de consumo. Neste trabalho foram coletadas 23 amostras de leite pasteurizado tipos A, B e C, obtidas no comércio varejista da região de São José do Rio Preto - SP, que foram submetidas as seguintes análises microbiológicas: contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, enumeração de bolores e leveduras, determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e fecais, pesquisa de Escherichia coli e de Salmonella spp. Das amostras de leite analisadas foram isoladas 31 culturas de leveduras, submetidas às provas taxonômicas, morfológicas, fisiológicas e de assimilação de diversas fontes de carbono. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que apenas 2 (8,70%) amostras apresentaram coliformes fecais acima do limite da legislação, resultado este, inferior aos diversos trabalhos encontrados em leite pasteurizado desenvolvidos em diferentes regiões do Brasil. A presença de Escherichia coli foi constatada em apenas 3 amostras, sendo todas do tipo C. A de Salmonella spp não foi verificada em nenhuma...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In Brazil, milk has a prominent position, as much of social point of view as of economic, due to its particular composition rich in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins, and consequently it is considered like an excellent medium, because its an adequate atmosphere for the development of several microorganism. The microbial contamination changes the food quality, so that it may act like vehicle of pathogenic microorganism, promoting disease or food poisoning, risking consumers health and milk may be condemned; besides the loss of products nutritional quality. Milk is frequently related to outbreaks of food toxinfection, what justify the need for constant evaluations of its quality as well as the guarantee of its condition of consumption. In this study 23 samples of kinds A, B and C pasteurized milk were obtained from the retail trade of São José do Rio Preto (SP) region and were done the following microbiological analyses: counting of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, listing of molds and yeasts, determination of most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and fecal coliforms, research of E. coli and Salmonella spp.. Thirty one yeast cultures were isolated from the samples. They were submitted to taxonomic, morphological, and physiological tests and to carbon source assimilation test. According to the results obtained, only 2 (8.70%) had fecal coliforms above the regulation limit. The percentage out of the microbiological standard (8.70%) was lower than several studies found in pasteurized milk, developed in different regions of Brazil. E. coli was detected in 3 samples of kind C. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any sample analyzed, what is in accordance with the current regulation. In conclusion, most of the samples (91.30%) had coliforms a 45°C 4 MPN/mL, xii consequently were labeled as "products in satisfactory sanitary conditions, therefore "products...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Morrison, Nathan J. "Inactivation and injury of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in buffer and whole liquid egg during treatment with mild heat, ozone and their combinations." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1434646616.
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Kaufman, Irene Jennifer. "The Recovery of Protein from Egg Yolk Protein Extraction Granule Byproduct." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1738.
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In addition to proving an excellent source of nutrients, eggs are used in the food, cosmetic, and biotechnology industries for their rheological and bioactive properties. Much of the potential for the added value is in individual components of the egg, rather than the whole egg. At low speed centrifugation, yolk separates into two distinct fractions—granules and plasma. It is becoming increasingly popular in the industry to remove the plasma fraction of the egg yolk to use for its livetins, particularly immunoglobulin Y, leaving behind a granule by-product (“yellow cake”). Previous research has shown potential added-value from the granule fraction, especially from its phosvitin and phospholipids. Granules are protein aggregates with complexes of phosvitin and high density lipoproteins linked by phosphocalcic bridges. In their native form, the proteins are mostly insoluble, however previous studies have shown the links can be broken by alterations in pH, ionic strength, and mechanical treatments. This thesis project seeks to find potential uses for the egg yolk by product after the removal of the livetin fraction by means of further fractionation with mechanical treatment (filtration). Two variables were tested to extract more proteins from the yellow cake. Salt was added to 10% solids solution of yellow cake in water before filtration at four different NaCl levels: 0%, .05%, 1%, and 2.5%. Additionally pH was tested at four different levels: 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2. The samples were also tested for antibacterial properties against Escherichia v coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration assay (MIC). Analysis with BCA showed salt concentration had a significant effect on the yield of protein. The highest concentration of salt tested, 2.5%, had the highest protein yield. Additionally, SDS PAGE showed 2.5% salt had the most unique protein bands. This could be to the disruption of the phosphocalcic links between the phosvitin and HDL by NaCl, allowing the protein to solubilize. pH did not have a significant effect on the yield or types of proteins in the range tested in this experiment. There is no conclusive evidence of antibacterial properties against E. coli from the protein extract. The MIC assay had growth show up in all wells with the protein extract, however there was a visible decrease in turbidity with higher concentration of the protein extract. This could mean that the protein extract does have some antibacterial properties, but needs testing at higher concentrations or with isolated proteins/peptides. The SDS-PAGE revealed bands showing phosvitin present, which has known antibacterial properties. Overall, improvements to the methods for further protein extraction from egg yolk by-products will help lead the industry to finding novel uses and product applications.
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Cassar, Claire. "Bacterial survival and decontamination in relation to food contact surfaces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bacterial-survival-and-decontamination-in-relation-to-food-contact-surfaces(376ed8d4-39c1-439e-9eb4-90a9700266f0).html.
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Cattelan, Marília Gonçalves. "Atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais de especiarias em alimentos/." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88393.
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Orientador: Fernando Leite HoffmannBanca: Maria Luiza Silva Fazio
Banca: Crispin Humberto Garcia-Cruz
Resumo: É crescente o número de consumidores que têm exigido da indústria alimentícia a adoção de políticas que visem à segurança de seus produtos. Dentro deste âmbito, a adoção de medidas que reduzam o uso de aditivos químicos torna-se cada vez mais iminente. Verifica-se um crescente interesse em pesquisas pela busca de compostos alternativos para um emprego racional como conservantes de alimentos, dentre os quais pode-se destacar o uso de especiarias, seus óleos e extratos como agentes antimicrobianos. O presente estudo teve por intuito avaliar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro de óleos essenciais de algumas especiarias, em concentrações de 1%, 2% e 5% (v/v), sobre bactérias contaminantes de alimentos. O estudo in situ foi realizado com o óleo essencial que resultou em maior inibição bacteriana in vitro. Fez-se uso amostras comerciais de óleos essenciais de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), cravo (Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb), manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.), orégano (Origanum vulgare L.), sálvia (Salvia officinalis) e tomilho (Thymus vulgares L.), sobre as seguintes cepas de micro-organismos: Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). O estudo da atividade antibacteriana in vitro dos óleos essenciais foi efetuado por meio do procedimento de difusão em meio sólido, por disco e por poço. Os micro-organismos foram inoculados na concentração de 108 UFC.mL-1. Halos de inibição superiores a 10 mm foram considerados significativos de atividade antibacteriana. Para o estudo da atividade antibacteriana in situ optou-se pela utilização do óleo essencial que resultou na maior atividade antimicrobiana... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro of essential oils of some spices in concentrations of 1%, 2% and 5% on foodborne pathogens. Commercial samples of essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgares L.) was evaluated against the following strains of microorganisms: Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Antibacterial activity in vitro of essential oils was carried out by the diffusion method, for disk and well. The microorganisms were inoculated at a concentration of 108 CFU.mL-1. Inhibition halos exceeding 10 mm were considered significant for antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity in situ was evaluated using the essential oil which resulted in the highest antimicrobial activity in vitro. Regarding the micro-organism to be used, the bacterium E. coli was chosen because it has high incidence rates in food products. Minas Frescal cheeses were produced with the addition of three concentrations of essential oil mentioned and without the addition of oil (control). The cheeses were contaminated with 108 CFU.g-1, at package, and the count of E. coli was evaluated during product storage. Results showed highest bacterial activity for the oregano oil. Essential oils of clove and thyme also presented microbial inhibition. The most resistant microorganism, P. aeruginosa, wasn't inhibited by any compound. In situ antibacterial activity of oregano... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Paiva, Jeferson Leandro de. "Avaliação microbiológica da alface (Lactuca sativa) em sistema de cultivo hidropônico e no solo, correlacionando os microrganismos isolados com os encontrados em toxinfecções alimentares em municípios da região Noroeste de São Paulo - SP /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94842.
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Orientador: Fernando Leite HoffmannBanca: Vanildo Luiz Del Bianchi
Banca: Maria Luiza Silva Fazio
Resumo: A coleta da alface (Lactuca sativa) e da água de manejo foi realizada no local de cultivo, tanto pelo método de hidroponia (CH) como pelo tradicional no solo (CT) em estabelecimentos hortifrutigranjeiros e restaurante (R) localizados em cidades da região noroeste paulista. As vinte e cinco amostras analisadas foram coletadas em dias alternados, sendo cinco amostras de cada local. As análises foram realizadas com objetivo de verificar se a origem das toxinfecções alimentares envolvendo pratos que contenham alface é proveniente de microrganismos do local de produção das hortaliças. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram analisar a ocorrência de contaminação cruzada com outras hortaliças enxaguadas no mesmo tonel e comparar o índice de contaminação dos dois tipos de sistema de cultivo. As análises microbiológicas seguiram as metodologias tradicionais descritas por Silva; Junqueira e Silveira (2001), de acordo com a American Public Health Association. Os resultados das análises mostraram grande variação na contagem dos microrganismos. Nas amostras de alface 92% (23) apresentaram crescimento de coliformes totais variando entre 0,4 a ≥240 NMP/g dos quais 40% (10) CT, 32% (8) CH, 20% (5) R; 32% (8) apresentaram coliformes termotolerantes variando entre 0,9 a 46 NMP/g, sendo 24% (6) CT e 8% (2) R; 36% (9) apresentaram Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, onde 12% (3) apresentaram crescimento acima dos parâmetros estabelecidos 5x103 UFC/g, sendo 4% (1) CT e 8% (2) CH. Todas as amostras positivas para coliformes termotolerantes estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela ANVISA (BRASL, 2001) de 102 UFC/g. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para Salmonella spp, atendendo os parâmetros estabelecidos pela ANVISA (BRASIL, 2001) de ausência em 25g do produto. Os resultados obtidos nas análises da água foram de 95% (19) apresentando coliformes totais variando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The collect of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the water used to grow it was made in the local of its cultivation through both hydroponics (CH) and the traditional in the soil (CT) methods in fruit/vegetable/poultry stores and restaurants (R) localized in the cities of the Paulista northwest region. The twenty-five samples analyzed were collected in alternate days, being five samples from each place. The analyses were carried out with the target to check if the origin of food toxinfection involving dishes that have lettuce is from microorganisms of the local where the vegetables are cultivated. The results obtained enabled to analyze the occurrence of contamination crossed with other vegetables rinsed in the same cask. Besides, to compare the rate of contamination of the two kinds of cultivation. The microbiological analyses followed the traditional methodologies written by Silva; Junqueira e Silveira, (2001), according to the American Public Health Association. The results of the analyses showed a great variation on the count of the microorganisms. In the lettuce samples 92% (23) presented growing of total coliforms varying between 0, 4 to ≥ 240 NMP/g from which 40% (10) CT, 32% (8) CH, 20% (5) R; 32% (8) presented thermotolerant coliforms varying between 0,9 to 46 NMPg, being 24% (6) CT and 8% (2) R. 36% (9) presented coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, where 12% (3) presented growing over the parameters established 5x103 UFC/g, being 4% (1) CT and 8% (2) CH. All the positive samples for thermotolerant coliforms are inside the limits established by ANVISA (BRASIL, 2001) of 102 UFC/g. No sample was positive for Salmonella spp, attending the parameters established by ANVISA (BRASIL, 2001) of absence in 15g of the product. The results obtained from the analyses of the water were from 95% (19) presented total coliforms varying between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Froehlich, Ângela. "Irradiação de ovo líquido, congelado e ovo, gema e clara em pó: redução da população de Salmonella Enteritidis e aspectos sensoriais e físico-químicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-02032015-145215/.
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Ovos e seus produtos derivados têm sido envolvidos em surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos devido à contaminação por Salmonella Enteritidis. A irradiação é uma das tecnologias existentes para a conservação de alimentos que poderia minimizar esse problema. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o efeito da irradiação sobre ovo líquido, ovo congelado, ovo em pó, gema em pó e clara em pó contaminados com Salmonella Enteritidis. As amostras de ovo líquido, clara em pó e gema em pó, inoculadas com S. Enteritidis, foram expostas a doses de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 kGy e as de ovo congelado e ovo em pó foram irradiadas com 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5 e 4,0 kGy. Amostras não inoculadas e irradiadas e amostras não inoculadas e não irradiadas dos diferentes tipos de ovos foram testadas quanto ao odor cru, odor e sabor cozidos, cor, viscosidade e oxidação lipídica. Doses de 2,0; 3,0; 3,5; 3,0 e 3,5 kGy reduziram em 5 ciclos log a população de S. Enteritidis em ovo líquido, ovo congelado gema em pó, clara em pó e ovo em pó, respectivamente, com alterações levemente perceptíveis pelo painel de degustadores. A cor não sofreu alteração ou sofreu alteração moderada. As alterações mais intensas foram verificadas para viscosidade dos produtos em pó e para o aumento da concentração de malonaldeído em gema e ovo em pó. Portanto, o emprego da irradiação é factível para ovo líquido e congelado. Para os em pó, porém, deve ser ressaltado que a aplicação do processo está condicionada ao uso final do produto ao quais serão adicionados devido à alteração na viscosidade.Eggs and their products have been incriminated in foodborne disease outbreaks due to Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. Irradiation is a food preservation technology that could be applied to minimize the problem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation in liquid and frozen egg as well as in powdered egg, egg yolk and egg white spiked with Salmonella Enteritidis. Spiked samples of liquid egg, egg white and egg yolk were exposed to 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 kGy and spiked samples of frozen and powdered egg were exposed to 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5 e 4,0 kGy. Raw odour, cooked odour and taste of non inoculated and irradiated samples and non irradiated samples of egg and egg products were analysed by a trained panel. Viscosity and lipid oxidation (malonaldheyd concentration) were also determined. Doses of 2,0; 3,0; 3,5; 3,0 e 3,5 kGy reduced in 5 log the population of S. Enteritidis in liquid and frozen egg, powdered egg yolk, egg white and egg, respectively, with moderate alterations in relation to non irradiated samples detected by the trained panel. Viscosity and lipid oxidation in the powdered products, however, showed more intense alterations. Therefore, irradiation can be considered a feasible process for liquid and frozen egg while when applied to powdered products it should be considered the type of food product to which they will be added due to alterations in viscosity.
Books on the topic "Food microbiology. eng"
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Il'yashenko, Natal'ya, Lyubov' Shaburova, and Marina Gernet. Microbiology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027239.
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The book outlines a brief history of the development of Microbiology, General properties of microorganisms, their position in nature, modern conceptions of the morphology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Presents the basic principles of classification of microorganisms, basic physiology and genetics. Describes the methods and conditions of cultivation of microorganisms. Considered the most important biochemical processes caused chemoheterotrophic microorganisms and their practical significance in food production in the national economy. The considered methods of immobilization of cells of microorganisms and their practical significance. The role of microorganisms in food production from vegetable raw materials and to obtain practically important for the national economy of organic acids.
The textbook is accompanied by illustrations. At the end of each Chapter test questions for self-examination.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students majoring in "food from vegetable raw materials, production Technology and organization of public catering".
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Rathore, Anurag S., K. B. Ramachandran, James Gomes, and T. R. Sreekrishnan. Process Engineering In Biotechnology (Biotechnology and Bioprocessing). CRC, 2015.
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C, Ratzan Scott, ed. The mad cow crisis: Health and the public good. Washington Square, N.Y: New York University Press, 1998.
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(Editor), C. Wray, and A. Wray (Editor), eds. Salmonella in Domestic Animals (Cabi Publishing). CABI, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Food microbiology. eng"
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Board, R. G., C. Clay, J. Lock, and J. Dolman. "The egg: a compartmentalized, aseptically packaged food." In Microbiology of the Avian Egg, 43–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3060-2_3.
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Ricke, S. C. "Microbial ecology of eggs: a focus onSalmonellaand microbial contamination in post-harvest table shell egg production." In Quantitative Microbiology in Food Processing, 416–41. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118823071.ch21.
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Delves-Broughton, J. "EGGS | Microbiology of Egg Products." In Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 617–21. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384730-0.00090-2.
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Delves-Broughton, Joss, and R. G. Board. "EGGS | Microbiology of Egg Products." In Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 569–73. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwfm.1999.0466.
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"Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MEYP) agar." In Culture Media for Food Microbiology, 367–68. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6352(05)80058-x.
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Techer, C., F. Baron, and S. Jan. "SPOILAGE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS | Microbial Spoilage of Eggs and Egg Products." In Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 439–45. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384730-0.00371-2.
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"Tryptose sulphite cycoloserine (TSC) agar (without egg yolk)." In Culture Media for Food Microbiology, 458–60. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6352(05)80089-x.
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"Polymyxin pyruvate egg yolk mannitol bromothymol blue agar (PEMBA)." In Culture Media for Food Microbiology, 402–4. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6352(05)80069-4.
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"Polymyxin acriflavine lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol egg yolk (L-PALCAMY) broth." In Culture Media for Food Microbiology, 399–401. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6352(05)80068-2.
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"Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MEYP) agar." In Handbook of Culture Media for Food Microbiology, 517–19. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6352(03)80068-1.
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