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Journal articles on the topic 'Food opioids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Woodford, Keith Bernard. "Casomorphins and Gliadorphins Have Diverse Systemic Effects Spanning Gut, Brain and Internal Organs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (2021): 7911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157911.

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Food-derived opioid peptides include digestive products derived from cereal and dairy diets. If these opioid peptides breach the intestinal barrier, typically linked to permeability and constrained biosynthesis of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), they can attach to opioid receptors. The widespread presence of opioid receptors spanning gut, brain, and internal organs is fundamental to the diverse and systemic effects of food-derived opioids, with effects being evidential across many health conditions. However, manifestation delays following low-intensity long-term exposure create major challenges

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Hohman, Emily E., Tammy E. Corr, Sarah Kawasaki, Jennifer S. Savage, and Danielle Symons Downs. "Nutritional Status Differs by Prescription Opioid Use among Women of Reproductive Age: NHANES 1999–2018." Nutrients 15, no. 8 (2023): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081891.

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Prescription opioid use among pregnant women has increased in recent years. Prenatal exposure to opioids and poor nutrition can both negatively impact maternal–fetal outcomes. The objective of this study was to characterize the nutrition and health status of reproductive-age women taking prescription opioids, compared to women not taking opioids. Using NHANES 1999–2018 data, non-pregnant women aged 20–44 years were classified as taking a prescription opioid in the last 30 days (n = 404) or unexposed controls (n = 7234). Differences in anthropometric, cardiovascular, hematologic, and micronutri

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Petrik, Megan L., Patrick J. McNamara, Susan M. Moeschler, and Benjamin D. Blair. "Communication of Recommendations for the Disposal of Unused Prescription Opioid Medications by Stakeholders in the News Media." Pain Medicine 20, no. 9 (2019): 1711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz104.

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Abstract Objective The opioid epidemic is a national public health emergency that requires a comprehensive approach to reduce opioid-related deaths. Proper and timely disposal of unused prescription opioids is one method to deter improper use of these medications and prevent overdose. The objective of this study was to understand how recommendations for disposing of unused prescription opioids, including both take-back programs and toilet disposal, are communicated to the public. Methods Two hundred sixty-three US newspaper articles published between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017, contain

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Haddox, DDS, MD, J. David. "Opioids with abuse-deterrent properties: A regulatory and technological overview." Journal of Opioid Management 13, no. 6 (2017): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2017.0417.

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Three concurrent public health problems coexist in the United States: endemic nonmedical use/misuse of opioid analgesics, epidemic overdose fatalities involving opioid analgesics, and endemic chronic pain in adults. These intertwined issues comprise an opioid crisis that has spurred the development of formulations of opioids with abuse-deterrent properties and label claims (OADP). To reduce abuse and misuse of prescription opioids, the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a formal Guidance to drug developers that delineates four categories of testing to generate data sufficien

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Reframing the Prevention Strategies of the Opioid Crisis: Focusing on Prescription Opioids, Fentanyl, and Heroin Epidemic." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (2018): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.4.309.

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The opioid epidemic has been called the “most consequential preventable public health problem in the United States.” Though there is wide recognition of the role of prescription opioids in the epidemic, evidence has shown that heroin and synthetic opioids contribute to the majority of opioid overdose deaths. It is essential to reframe the preventive strategies in place against the opioid crisis with attention to factors surrounding the illicit use of fentanyl and heroin. Data on opioid overdose deaths shows 42,000 deaths in 2016. Of these, synthetic opioids other than methadone were responsibl

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Sarmento, PT, PhD, Caio V. M., Mehrdad Maz, MD, Taylor Pfeifer, DPT, Marco Pessoa, PhD, and Wen Liu, PhD. "Opioid prescription patterns among patients with fibromyalgia." Journal of Opioid Management 15, no. 6 (2019): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0537.

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Objectives: To investigate opioid prescribing patterns among patients with fibromyalgia (FM) in terms of age, gender, race, type of opioids, and to examine changes in opioid prescription over the past 8 years compared to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved FM medications.Design: Retrospective review of data using the Healthcare Enterprise Repository for Ontological Narration database. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and a chi-square test for trend was used to analyze a possible linear relationship between the proportions of opioid and non-opioid users along the ti

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Abarca, Francisco M., Theodore J. Saclarides, and Marc I. Brand. "A Review of the Treatment of Opioid-induced Constipation with Methylnaltrexone Bromide." Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics 2 (January 2010): CMT.S1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s1168.

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Objectives Review and summarize the mechanism of action of methylnaltrexone bromide (methylnaltrexone) and its effectiveness in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. Data Source A multi-database search was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE databases, in addition to electronic links to related articles and references. Background Opioids are effective medications for the management of moderate to severe pain, but they are associated with a number of side effects, especially within the gastrointestinal system. Constipation is a very common adverse reaction in patients with late-stage, ad

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Young, Jessica C., Michele Jonsson Funk, and Nabarun Dasgupta. "Medical Use of Long-term Extended-release Opioid Analgesics in Commercially Insured Adults in the United States." Pain Medicine 21, no. 4 (2019): 724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz155.

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Abstract Objectives We examined the proportion of patients initiating extended-release (ER) opioids who become long-term users and describe how pain-related diagnoses before initiation of opioid therapy vary between drugs and over time. Methods Using MarketScan (2006–2015), a US national commercial insurance database, we examined pain-related diagnoses in the 182-day baseline period before initiation of ER opioid therapy to characterize indications for opioid initiation. We report the proportion who became long-term users, the median length of opioid therapy, and the proportion with cancer and

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Skibicka, Karolina P., Rozita H. Shirazi, Caroline Hansson, and Suzanne L. Dickson. "Ghrelin Interacts with Neuropeptide Y Y1 and Opioid Receptors to Increase Food Reward." Endocrinology 153, no. 3 (2012): 1194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1606.

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Ghrelin, a stomach-derived hormone, is an orexigenic peptide that was recently shown to potently increase food reward behavior. The neurochemical circuitry that links ghrelin to the mesolimbic system and food reward behavior remains unclear. Here we examined the contribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and opioids to ghrelin's effects on food motivation and intake. Both systems have well-established links to the mesolimbic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and reward/motivation control. NPY mediates the effect of ghrelin on food intake via activation of NPY-Y1 receptor (NPY-Y1R); their connection with

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Hagan, Mary M., Paul A. Rushing, Stephen C. Benoit, Stephen C. Woods, and Randy J. Seeley. "Opioid receptor involvement in the effect of AgRP- (83–132) on food intake and food selection." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 3 (2001): R814—R821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.3.r814.

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Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is a receptor antagonist of central nervous system (CNS) melanocortin receptors and appears to have an important role in the control of food intake since exogenous CNS administration in rats and overexpression in mice result in profound hyperphagia and weight gain. Given that AgRP is heavily colocalized with neuropeptide Y (NPY) and that orexigenic effects of NPY depend on activity at opioid receptors, we hypothesized that AgRP's food-intake effects are also mediated by opioid receptors. Subthreshold doses of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone blocked AgRP-in

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Weldon, D. T., E. O'Hare, J. Cleary, C. J. Billington, and A. S. Levine. "Effect of naloxone on intake of cornstarch, sucrose, and polycose diets in restricted and nonrestricted rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, no. 6 (1996): R1183—R1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.6.r1183.

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We studied the effect of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on intake of three isocaloric diets containing cornstarch, sucrose, or Polycose as the predominant carbohydrate in ad libitum-fed and food-restricted rats. A large body of evidence suggests that opioids affect palatability (reward)-rater than hunger (energy deficit)-driven food intake. We expected food intake to be driven by both energy needs and palatability in ad libitum-fed rats, whereas in food-restricted rats we expected intake to be driven by energy needs with a relatively small palatability component in the preferred sucro

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Sobolczyk, Marta, and Renata Perlikowska. "Rubiscolins: Biologically active peptides of plant origin." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 74 (May 14, 2020): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1413.

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Two food-derived opioid peptides with high δ-opioid receptor affinity and selectivity, rubiscolin-5 and rubiscolin-6, were isolated from spinach leaves in 2001. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [EC 4.1.1.39 (RuBisCO)], digested by pepsin, is known as a precursor for them. The most important advantage of rubiscolins is their oral bioavailability. Both peptides produced analgesia not only after intracerebroventricular administration, but also orally. Moreover, rubiscolin-6 enhanced memory consolidation, influenced the processes of learning and memory, and reduced anxiety. In an an

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Hakimian, Joshua K., Tien S. Dong, Jorge A. Barahona, et al. "Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Opioid-Seeking Behaviors and Alters the Gut Microbiome." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (2019): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081900.

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Opioids are highly addictive substances with a relapse rate of over 90%. While preclinical models of chronic opioid exposure exist for studying opioid dependence, none recapitulate the relapses observed in human opioid addiction. The mechanisms associated with opioid dependence, the accompanying withdrawal symptoms, and the relapses that are often observed months or years after opioid dependence are poorly understood. Therefore, we developed a novel model of chronic opioid exposure whereby the level of administration is self-directed with periods of behavior acquisition, maintenance, and then

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Edinoff, Amber N., Saveen Sall, Sarah E. Wagner, et al. "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A narrative review." Journal of Opioid Management 20, no. 5 (2024): 417–26. https://doi.org/10.5055/jom.0876.

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It is estimated that over 16 million people are living with opioid use disorder (OUD) worldwide, with 2.1 million people in the United States. Opioid addiction is theorized to be associated with strong dopaminergic response to opioid receptor stimulations that contributes to reward-seeking behaviors and individuals' experiences with opioids. Methadone and buprenorphine have been game changers; however, both come with limitations, especially in the era of fentanyl use. Naltrexone is another treatment used for OUD that blocks opioid receptors. An emerging treatment of significant interest is a n

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MacDonald, Amy F., Charles J. Billington, and Allen S. Levine. "Effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on feeding induced by DAMGO in the ventral tegmental area and in the nucleus accumbens shell region in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285, no. 5 (2003): R999—R1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2003.

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The nucleus accumbens shell region (sNAcc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are two major nodes in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which mediates reward for various survival behaviors, including feeding. Opioids increase and maintain food intake when injected peripherally and centrally. Opioids in the VTA cause increased release of dopamine in the sNAcc, and when injected into either site, cause an increase in food intake. Animals in this study were double cannulated in the VTA and in the sNAcc and injected with various combinations of naltrexone (NTX) (2.5, 5, and 25 μg/side) and Tyr-d-A

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Naleid, Amy M., Martha K. Grace, Munya Chimukangara, Charles J. Billington, and Allen S. Levine. "Paraventricular opioids alter intake of high-fat but not high-sucrose diet depending on diet preference in a binge model of feeding." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): R99—R105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00675.2006.

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Previous work from our laboratory indicates that when rats are given a choice between a high-fat and a high-sucrose diet, opioid blockade with naltrexone (NTX) in a reward-related site (central amygdala) inhibits intake of the preferred diet only, whereas NTX injected into a homeostasis-related site, such as the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), inhibits intake of both diets. However, other work suggests that opioids increase intake of fat specifically. The present study further investigates the role of PVN opioids in food choices made by calorically-replete animals. We used a binge

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Miller, MS, Christopher J., Richard C. Dart, MD, Nathaniel P. Katz, MD, MS, and Lynn R. Webster, MD, FACPM, FASAM. "Insights and issues from FDA Advisory Committee meetings on abuse-deterrent opioids." Journal of Opioid Management 13, no. 6 (2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2017.0416.

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It is the current policy of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to convene expert Advisory Committees to provide input on key regulatory decisions regarding opioid products, including approval and labeling of opioid abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs). Advisory Committee meetings on ADF opioids consider whether the laboratory and clinical data submitted by the sponsor are sufficient to support marketing approval and labeling of the product with properties expected to deter abuse by specific routes of abuse (ie, oral, intranasal, intravenous). The FDA has typically followed the approval a

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Zimecki, Michał. "Potential impact of obligatory use of opioids in invasive procedures on interpretation of experimental data." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 72 (February 16, 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8709.

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Application of opioids as an analgesic drug is a common practice in the prevention of pain in patients and experimental animals in highly invasive procedures. Very recently, new legal regulations were implemented that broaden the application of analgesics in procedures where pain relievers have not been previously obligatory. However, in light of hitherto studies, the application of opioids has adverse effects on the condition of animals in experiments. Harmful effects of opioids include: lower intake of water and food, weight loss, increased mortality, susceptibility to infection by experimen

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Glass, M. J., M. Grace, J. P. Cleary, C. J. Billington, and A. S. Levine. "Potency of naloxone's anorectic effect in rats is dependent on diet preference." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 1 (1996): R217—R221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.1.r217.

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Modulation of feeding behavior by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and opioids is well established, but the possibility that these neural influences provoke specific appetites, NPY for carbohydrate and opioids for fat, has also been considered. In other studies, intake of standard chow after NPY stimulation can be blocked by naloxone, indicating an interaction between these systems in the regulation of feeding. The present experiments examined the nature of NPY-opioid interactions in diet selection. Rats were administered NPY and naloxone concurrently, then chose between high-fat and high-carbohydrate die

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Jarosz, Patricia A. "The Effect of Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism on Energy Expenditure in the Obese Zucker Rat." Biological Research For Nursing 8, no. 4 (2007): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800406298774.

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Food intake and, subsequently, body weight are influenced by endogenous opioids acting in the central nervous system. Agonists for the opioid receptor increase food intake, whereas antagonists reduce food intake. Body weight, however, is the result of food consumed and energy expended. Although much has been reported about the effect of opioid antagonism on food intake, less has been reported about its effect on energy expended. This study investigated the effect of selective antagonism of the kappa opioid receptor on food intake, body weight, and indicators of energy expenditure in male obese

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Vosburg, Suzanne K., Jared Beaumont, S. Taryn Dailey-Govoni, Stephen F. Butler, and Jody L. Green. "Evaluation of Abuse and Route of Administration of Extended-Release Tapentadol Among Treatment-Seeking Individuals, as Captured by the Addiction Severity Index–Multimedia Version (ASI-MV)." Pain Medicine 21, no. 9 (2019): 1891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz250.

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Abstract Background Tapentadol is a molecule incorporating mu opioid receptor agonism and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition to provide analgesia, with the potential for a lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects than full mu opioid agonists. Postmarketing surveillance of tapentadol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient has consistently revealed low levels of abuse and diversion. Objective The purpose of the present study was to further characterize the abuse liability of tapentadol extended-release (ER) by evaluating the prevalence of past 30-day tapentadol ER abuse and reported rout

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials of Long-Term Opioid Management for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain." Pain Physician 3;14, no. 2;3 (2011): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2011/14/91.

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Background: Even though opioids have been used for pain for thousands of years, opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain is controversial due to concerns regarding the long-term effectiveness and safety, particularly the risk of tolerance, dependance, or abuse. While the debate continues, the use of chronic opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain has increased exponentially. Even though evidence is limited, multiple expert panels have concluded that chronic opioid therapy can be effective therapy for carefully selected and monitored patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Study Design: A s

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Konnur, Anurita, Yoganarasimha N, and Kripa Anand. "Over View of Oliceridine Newer Opioid Analgesic." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 9, no. 2 (2022): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.9222.12.

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Pain relief requires a balance between adequate analgesia and risk of adverse effects. Opioids remain the cornerstone for managing moderate to severe pain, but are associated with opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) and gastrointestinal complications. Opioids exert their analgesic effects predominantly via G-protein signaling, however, adverse effects including OIRD are mediated by the β-arrestin pathway. Oliceridine is the first of a new class of biased opioid agonists that preferentially activate G-protein signaling over β-arrestin, which would theoretically improve analgesia and re

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Chan ge Chien, George C. "Is Kratom the New ‘Legal High’ on the Block?: The Case of an Emerging Opioid Receptor Agonist with Substance Abuse Potential." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (2017): E195—E198. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2017.1.e195.

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Kratom is an unscheduled herbal extract that contains alkaloids with opioid receptor agonist activity. It is currently available in the form of dietary supplements and is used and abused by chronic pain patients on prescription opioids. Active alkaloids isolated from Kratom such as mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are thought to act on mu and delta opioid receptors as well as alpha 2 adrenergic and 5-HT2A receptors. Animal studies suggest that Kratom may be more potent than morphine. Consequently, Kratom consumption produces analgesic and euphoric feelings among users. Some chronic pain pa

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Rodriguez-Monguio, Rosa, Mahim Naveed, and Enrique Seoane-Vazquez. "Predictors of shortages of opioid analgesics in the US: Are the characteristics of the drug company the missing puzzle piece?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0249274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249274.

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Background Shortages of opioid analgesics are increasingly common, interfere with patient care and increase healthcare cost. This study characterized the incidence of shortages of opioid analgesics in the period 2015–2019 and evaluated potential predictors to forecast the risk of shortages. Methods This was an observational retrospective study using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug shortages data. All FDA approved opioids were included in the study. Opioid analgesics were identified using the FDA National Drug Codes (NDC) and classified according to the Drug Enforcement Administr

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Pomonis, James D., David C. Jewett, Catherine M. Kotz, Jacqueline E. Briggs, Charles J. Billington, and Allen S. Levine. "Sucrose consumption increases naloxone-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in limbic forebrain." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 3 (2000): R712—R719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r712.

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—Opioids have long been known to have an important role in feeding behavior, particularly related to the rewarding aspects of food. Considerable behavioral evidence suggests that sucrose consumption induces endogenous opioid release, affecting feeding behavior as well as other opioid-mediated behaviors, such as analgesia, dependence, and withdrawal. In the present study, rats were given access to a 10% sucrose solution or water for 3 wk, then they were injected with 10 mg/kg naloxone or saline. Brains were subsequently analyzed for c-Fos immunoreactivity (c-Fos-IR) in limbic and autonomic regi

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Gregg, Jason A., Ronald L. Tyson, and Anthony W. Alvarez. "Gabapentin abuse: A case presentation on how to manage this growing concern." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 8, no. 11 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n11p43.

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Gabapentin was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1993 as an adjunct treatment of epilepsy. In 2004, an additional indication of pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia was added. Misuse of gabapentinoids dates back to 2010 while surging recently to the tenth most commonly prescribed medication in 2016. Abuse can be as high as 65% for even those who legally obtained the medication through a prescription. It is used off-label up to 95% of the time despite limited evidence of its efficacy particularly with multiple pain types. The surge in misuse can be attributed not

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Garrison, M. E. Betsy, Lauren R. Thomas, Isabelle Caldwell, Cathy Williams, Mike Kaller, and Mellissa Crosswhite. "69 Animal Pharmacology: What Do Animal Science Students Know?" Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.086.

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Abstract Careers in animal science are typically as much about animals as they are about people, which means that animal science undergraduate students should be not only knowledgeable about animals, but also people and their behavior, including substance use disorders, such as opioid abuse. The purpose of the study was to investigate the pharmacological knowledge of undergraduates who are majoring in Animal Science in colleges of Agriculture, including programs oriented to livestock, companion animals, wildlife ecology and those with a pre-veterinary medicine focus. Students at three differen

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Slevin, MD, Kieran A., and Michael A. Ashburn, MD, MPH. "Primary care physician opinion survey on FDA Opioid Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies." Journal of Opioid Management 7, no. 2 (2018): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2011.0053.

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Introduction: In response to disturbing rises in prescription opioid abuse, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed the implementation of aggressive Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) that will require prescribers to obtain mandatory education, provide mandatory patient education, register patients into registries, and so forth before prescribing certain opioids. The first opioid to be subject to the new REMS was the recently approved fentanyl buccal soluble film (Onsolis™). The FDA plans to extend mandatory REMS to other opioids, including all rapid-onset formulation

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Yuan, MD, PhD, Chun-Su, Shi Sun, PhD, Anoja Attele, MD, Chong-Zhi Wang, PhD, Robin Tong, BS, and Robert J. Israel, MD. "Methylnaltrexone potentiates body weight and fat reduction with leptin." Journal of Opioid Management 5, no. 6 (2018): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2009.0037.

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Objective: Leptin increases energy expenditure by enhancing systemic and brown adipose metabolism. In a neonatal rat model, retroperitoneal fat pad weight decreased significantly in leptin-treated animals, which reduced body weight. As opioids increase feeding, opioid antagonists may decrease food intake and body weight. However, interactions between leptin and the activity of peripheral opioids on body weight and fat accumulation have not been investigated. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of naloxone (a nonselective opioid antagonist) and methylnaltrexone (a peripherally acti

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Radunovich, Heidi Liss, Terasa Younker, Jillian M. Rung, and Meredith S. Berry. "The Effects of the Opioid Crisis on Agricultural Industries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (2022): 5343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095343.

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Opioid use remains a significant public health crisis. However, few quantitative or qualitative data exist on the prevalence of opioid use and associated mental health conditions in agricultural industries and how it affects the industries themselves. Data on opioid use and associated consequences were collected among agricultural business owners and workers using both quantitative (n = 129) and qualitative assessment (n = 7). The prevalence of opioid use, pain, stress, and depressive symptoms as well as associated hazards were characterized among individuals who work in horticulture (nursery

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Ahmed, Saeed, Zeeshan Faruqui, Karuna Poddar, Siddhi Bhivandkar, and Joji Suzuki. "Low-dose buprenorphine initiation in the era of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs: A case series of outpatient inductions." Journal of Opioid Management 19, no. 5 (2023): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.0819.

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Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). However, due to its high binding affinity, precipitated withdrawal may occur if initiated in the presence of other opioids. The growing literature demonstrates promise for alternative induction model of low-dose initiation of buprenorphine for the treatment of OUD, specifically targeting patients averse to withdrawal or using fentanyl. In this case series, we present four clinical cases of outpatient inductions, in which three out of four successfully t

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Chamberlin, Kevin W., Mark Cottle, Rebecca Neville, and Jennifer Tan. "Oral Oxymorphone for Pain Management." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41, no. 7-8 (2007): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1h451.

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Objective To describe the pharmacology, safety and efficacy, and rationale for use of oral oxymorphone for the management of acute and chronic moderate-to-severe pain. Data Sources A PubMed/MEDLINE search (1966-March 2007) was conducted using the following terms: oral oxymorphone, oxymorphone, EN 3202, EN 3203, Opana, and Opana ER. Manufacturer-provided data (package inserts) and abstracts presented at the American Pain Society meetings (2003–2006) were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction Human studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral oxymorphone in pain management wer

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Glass, M. J., C. J. Billington, and A. S. Levine. "Opioids and food intake: distributed functional neural pathways?" Neuropeptides 33, no. 5 (1999): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/npep.1999.0050.

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Gosnell, B. A., and A. S. Levine. "Reward systems and food intake: role of opioids." International Journal of Obesity 33, S2 (2009): S54—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.73.

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Naraharisetti, Suresh Babu, Salma Srour, Yun Xu, David J. Lee, Sharon H. Hertz, and Chandrahas Sahajwalla. "Effects of Food on Bioavailability of Analgesics; Resulting Dosage and Administration Recommendations." Pain Medicine 21, no. 11 (2020): 2877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa046.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate currently approved analgesics, that is, opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticonvulsants, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) used as analgesics, for 1) differences in pharmacokinetic parameters under fed vs fasting conditions and 2) factors involved in dosage recommendations in relation to food. Design Systematic review. Results Food effect on the rate, extent of absorption, or shape of concentration–time profile can alter the onset of action, duration of action, or tolerability of a medication. Based on 79 analge

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Zimmerman, Amanda, and Adam Laitman. "Safe Management of Adverse Effects Associated with Prescription Opioids in the Palliative Care Population: A Narrative Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 10 (2024): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102746.

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In the palliative care population, prescription opioids are often considered viable pain relief options. However, in this complex patient population, the adverse effects of opioid medications should be identified and managed without delay. Common adverse effects can include constipation, nausea, somnolence, dizziness, vomiting, and pruritus. Less common adverse effects can include potentially lethal respiratory depression and cardiovascular effects. Critical aspects of safe opioid prescribing are recognition of side effects and knowledge of effective management strategies; prompt management is

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Appleyard, Suzanne M., Michael Hayward, Juan I. Young та ін. "A Role for the Endogenous Opioid β-Endorphin in Energy Homeostasis". Endocrinology 144, № 5 (2003): 1753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-221096.

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Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamus are direct targets of the adipostatic hormone leptin and contribute to energy homeostasis by integrating peripheral and central information. The melanocortin and β-endorphin neuropeptides are processed from POMC and putatively coreleased at axon terminals. Melanocortins have been shown by a combination of pharmacological and genetic methods to have inhibitory effects on appetite and body weight. In contrast, pharmacological studies have generally indicated that opioids stimulate food intake. Here we report that male mice engineered to sele

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Wilson, John D., Danielle M. Nicklous, Vincent J. Aloyo та Kenny J. Simansky. "An orexigenic role for μ-opioid receptors in the lateral parabrachial nucleus". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285, № 5 (2003): R1055—R1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00108.2003.

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The pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has been implicated in regulating ingestion and contains opioids that promote feeding elsewhere in the brain. We tested the actions of the selective μ-opioid receptor (μ-OR) agonist [d-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) in the PBN on feeding in male rats with free access to food. Infusing DAMGO (0.5-4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the lateral parabrachial region (LPBN) increased food intake. The hyperphagic effect was anatomically specific to infusions within the LPBN, dose and time related, and selective for ingestion of chow compared with (nonnutritive) ka

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Guémené, D., and R. J. Etches. "Effects of acute and chronic administrations of naloxone on plasma luteinizing hormone and prolactin in broody turkey hens (Meleagris gallopavo)." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 1 (1993): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-002.

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The effects of acute and chronic administration of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin concentrations were investigated in broody turkey hens. Naloxone failed to induce any changes in the plasma prolactin concentrations in the hens. On the other hand, an intravenous injection of naloxone (6 mg kg−1 BW) decreased plasma concentrations of LH. Conversely, LH concentrations were significantly increased after infusing 10 μg h−1 of naloxone for 7 d. No changes in behavioral pattern, feed intake and water consumption were observed during and following infusion of

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Kjome, Kimberly L., and F. Gerard Moeller. "Long-Acting Injectable naltrexone for the Management of patients with Opioid Dependence." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 5 (January 2011): SART.S5452. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s5452.

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Opioid dependence is a condition with serious clinical ramifications. Treatment has focused on detoxification, agonist therapy with methadone or buprenorphine, or remission maintenance with the opioid antagonist, naltrexone. Treatment with oral naltrexone has been limited by poor treatment adherence and relapse. Studies with long-acting formulations have shown increased treatment adherence. Extended-release injectable naltrexone has been used for the treatment of alcohol dependence, and has recently received an indication for treatment of opioid dependence from the US Food and Drug Administrat

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Kotz, C. M., M. K. Grace, J. E. Briggs, C. J. Billington, and A. S. Levine. "Naltrexone induces arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y gene expression in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 1 (1996): R289—R294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.1.r289.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has potent effects on several components of energy metabolism, including increased feeding and decreased brown fat thermogenesis. Negative energy balance, such as food deprivation, increases NPY mRNA in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Naltrexone (NLTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, decreases NPY-induced feeding. We hypothesized that NLTX would alter ARC NPY mRNA and change NPY effects on brown fat. Osmotic minipumps prefilled with either saline or NLTX (70 micrograms/h) were implanted subcutaneously in 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats. One-half of the rats were food depri

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Tolentino, Laica, Asif Iqbal, Shafiqur Rahman, and Kabirullah Lutfy. "The Role of Beta-Endorphin in Food Deprivation-Mediated Increases in Food Intake and Binge-Eating." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020212.

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Food deprivation and binge eating represent significant public health concerns. Previous studies have implicated that hypothalamic opioids are affected following food deprivation. However, the role of each opioid peptide is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of endogenous beta-endorphin in food deprivation-mediated increases in food intake and binge eating. Male mice lacking beta-endorphin and their respective controls were subjected to 24h food deprivation and then were randomly assigned to receive a regular diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). After four to five weeks,

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Faria, John, Matthew Solverson, Madlin Faria, Margo Benoit, and Michael McCormick. "Potential Cytochrome P450 Drug-Drug Interactions among Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 160, no. 1 (2018): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818793850.

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Objective To evaluate the frequency of potential cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug-drug interactions affecting opioid metabolism among children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods A retrospective review was conducted of 1000 patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin. The discharge medication reconciliation form was reviewed. Each patient’s list of medications was compared with various published sources to determine whether medications causing CYP inhibition or induct

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Litman, Ronald S. "Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory Committee Activity and Decisions in the Opioid-crisis Era." Anesthesiology 133, no. 4 (2020): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003485.

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The United States Food and Drug Administration is tasked with ensuring the efficacy and safety of medications marketed in the United States. One of their primary responsibilities is to approve the entry of new drugs into the marketplace, based on the drug’s perceived benefit–risk relationship. The Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Product Advisory Committee is composed of experts in anesthesiology, pain management, and biostatistics, as well as consumer and industry representatives, who meet several times annually to review new anesthetic-related drugs, those seeking new indications, and nearly ev

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Wang, Yanning, Debbie L. Wilson, Deanna Fernandes, et al. "Deprescribing Strategies for Opioids and Benzodiazepines with Emphasis on Concurrent Use: A Scoping Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5 (2023): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051788.

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While the Food and Drug Administration’s black-box warnings caution against concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine (OPI–BZD) use, there is little guidance on how to deprescribe these medications. This scoping review analyzes the available opioid and/or benzodiazepine deprescribing strategies from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (01/1995–08/2020) and the gray literature. We identified 39 original research studies (opioids: n = 5, benzodiazepines: n = 31, concurrent use: n = 3) and 26 guidelines (opioids: n = 16, benzodiazepines: n = 11, concurrent use: n

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Zohydro™ Approval by Food and Drug Administration: Controversial or Frightening?" Pain Physician 4;17, no. 4;7 (2014): E437—E450. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/e437.

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The actions and regulations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are crucial to the entire population of the US, specifically the public who take a multitude of drugs and providers who prescribe drugs and devices. Further, the FDA is relevant to investors, specifically in regards to biotech and pharmaceutical companies involved in developing new drugs. The FDA has been criticized for a lack of independence on the one hand and excessive regulatory and expanding authority without evidence and consistency of the actions on the other hand. The FDA approved a single-entity, long-acting, hydroc

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Litman, Ronald S., Olivia H. Pagán, and Theodore J. Cicero. "Abuse-deterrent Opioid Formulations." Anesthesiology 128, no. 5 (2018): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002031.

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Abstract Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations have been suggested as one way to decrease the abuse, addiction, and overdose of orally prescribed opioids. Ten oral opioid formulations have received abuse-deterrent labeling by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Their properties consist of physical and/or chemical means by which the pills resist manipulation and create a barrier to unintended administration, such as chewing, nasal snorting, smoking, and intravenous injection. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of abuse-deterrent technology, the types of premarketing studies requi

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Golynski, M., W. Krumrych, and K. Lutnicki. " The role of beta-endorphin in horses: a review." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 9 (2011): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3205-vetmed.

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&nbsp; Opium alkaloids counterparts are secreted by human and animal organisms but the role of endogenous opioid peptides in horses has not yet been fully elucidated. Endogenous opioids are involved in regulating food intake, sexual and social activity, pain relief and pain threshold regulation in horses as well as in regulating the functions of the immune system. The aim of this review is to describe the endogenous opioid system in the horse and its function during stress, illness, reproduction, and its influence on immunity and on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in horses.

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Liles, Jane H., and P. A. Flecknell. "The effects of buprenorphine, nalbuphine and butorphanol alone or following halothane anaesthesia on food and water consumption and locomotor movement in rats." Laboratory Animals 26, no. 3 (1992): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367792780740558.

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Locomotor activity and food and water consumption are potentially indices of post-operative pain in laboratory rodents, but it is important to establish whether these variables are directly affected by opioid analgesics or by halothane anaesthesia in normal rats. The effects of three opioids, buprenorphine, nalbuphine and butorphanol administered alone or following halothane anaesthesia, were studied in groups of normal non-operated adult Wistar rats. All 3 analgesics affected food intake and activity levels, but had little or no effect on water intake. Buprenorphine caused a significant eleva

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