Journal articles: 'Food-reintroduction'

1

Bannister, Hannah L., Catherine E. Lynch, and Katherine E. Moseby. "Predator swamping and supplementary feeding do not improve reintroduction success for a threatened Australian mammal, Bettongia lesueur." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15020.

Full text

Abstract:

Broad-scale Australian mammal declines following European settlement have resulted in many species becoming regionally or globally extinct. Attempts to reintroduce native mammals are often unsuccessful due to a suboptimal number of founders being used, high rates of predation and a lack of knowledge of the reintroduction biology for the species concerned. We trialled predator swamping and supplementary feeding in an attempt to offset predation and improve reintroduction success for the burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) in arid South Australia. We compared population longevity of a large release group (1266 animals) with five releases of smaller groups (~50 animals at each). We compared release sites with (n = 5) and without (n = 1) supplementary food to determine whether site fidelity, body condition and reproduction were affected, and whether these traits aided population establishment. Predator swamping did not facilitate reintroduction success, with no bettongs detected more than 122 days after release. While supplementary food increased site fidelity and persistence at release sites, bettongs failed to establish successfully at any site. Neither predator swamping nor supplementary feeding enhanced reintroduction success at our sites but results suggested that supplementary feeding should be explored as an aid to reintroduction success for Australian mammals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Brooks, Christopher D., Peter J. Melchert, Allan Stillerman, and Nancy L. Ott. "Reintroduction of foods after a negative oral food challenge." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 124, no. 4 (April 2020): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2020.01.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Faqerah, N., Michael Logan, Richard Russell, Konstantinos Gerasimidis, and Daniel Walker. "P831 The role of adherent-invasive E. coli in pediatric Crohn’s disease: cause or effect?" Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.959.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background The ability of adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), to adhere and invade intestinal epithelial cells and survive autophagy implicates them in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Previous studies focused mostly on differences in the abundance of E. coli between patients with CD and healthy controls. Here, we studied changes in E. coli levels, E. coli strains and their ability to utilise carbon sources during treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), at food reintroduction, and compared with healthy controls. Methods E. coli strains were isolated from culturing stool samples of twelve children with CD before and during induction treatment with EEN and following that, at food reintroduction. 10 healthy children acted as controls. 69 samples (CD, n = 59; healthy children, n = 10) were investigated in total. Absolute concentration of E. coli was measured with qPCR, changes in E. coli strains using colicin sensitivity spot tests and their ability to utilise carbon sources with Biolog phenotype microarrays. Results There was no significant change in the absolute levels of E. coli in patients with CD before or during EEN, and after food reintroduction. In comparison to healthy children, patients with CD had significantly higher levels of E. coli (p-value= 0.001). There were changes in E. coli at a strain-level in nine out of twelve CD patients as tested using colicin sensitivity tests before, during EEN, and after food reintroduction. Biolog microarrays showed a significant difference in E. coli community utilisation of 17 carbon sources in CD patients at different time points. Utilisation of polysaccharides, D-cellobiose, sucrose, and D-raffinose was increased during EEN compared with treatment initiation and after treatment cessation, at food reintroduction. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in utilisation for L-fucose and L-Rhamnose monosaccharides, sugar alcohols like D-glucose 6-PO4, and fatty acids such as propionic acid and acetoacetic acid by the end of EEN compared with treatment initiation and at reintroduction of habitual diet. In comparison to healthy controls, E. coli utilisation of different carbon sources in patients with CD was significantly different compared with CD patients during EEN only. Conclusion Children with CD experience changes in E. coli strains and in their ability to utilise certain carbon sources during treatment with EEN and compared with healthy controls. Analysis of strain-level metagenomic data will provide a comprehensive depiction of changes in E. coli population during EEN and compared with the healthy status.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Tanida, H., M. Nagao, Y. Hiraguchi, K. Hosoki, R. Tokuda, and T. Fujisawa. "Prediction of Severity in Food Challenge Tests for Safe Reintroduction of Allergenic Food in Children." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 125, no. 2 (February 2010): AB87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Weinberger, Tamar, John C. Rowland, and Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn. "Food reintroduction rates following negative oral food challenges to peanut and hazelnut: a survey study." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 7, no. 2 (February 2019): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2018.10.031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

KAVANAGH, R., E. WORKMAN, P. NASH, M. SMITH, B. L. HAZLEMAN, and J. O. HUNTER. "THE EFFECTS OF ELEMENTAL DIET AND SUBSEQUENT FOOD REINTRODUCTION ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Rheumatology 34, no. 3 (1995): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/34.3.270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

West, Rebecca, John Llewellyn Read, Matthew James Ward, Wendy K. Foster, and David A. Taggart. "Monitoring for adaptive management in a trial reintroduction of the black-footed rock-wallabyPetrogale lateralis." Oryx 51, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315001490.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractReintroduction practitioners must often make critical decisions about reintroduction protocols despite having little understanding of the reintroduction biology of the focal species. To enhance the available knowledge on the reintroduction biology of the warru, or black-footed rock-wallabyPetrogale lateralisMacDonnell Ranges race, we conducted a trial reintroduction of 16 captive individuals into a fenced predator and competitor exclosure on the An̲angu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia. We conducted seven trapping sessions and used radio-tracking and camera traps to monitor survival, reproduction and recruitment to the population over 36 months. Blood samples were collected pre-release and during two trapping sessions post-release to assess nutritional health. The survival rate of founders was 63%, with all losses occurring within 10 weeks of release. Post-release blood biochemistry indicated that surviving warru adapted to their new environment and food sources. Female warru conceived within 6 months of release; 28 births were recorded during the study period and 52% of births successfully recruited to the population. Our results suggest that captive-bred warru are capable of establishing and persisting in the absence of introduced predators. However, the high mortality rate immediately post-release, with only a modest recruitment rate, suggests that future releases into areas where predators and competitors are present should use a trial approach to determine the viability of reintroduction. We recommend that future releases of warru into unfenced areas include an intensive monitoring period in the first 3 months post-release followed by a comprehensive long-term monitoring schedule to facilitate effective adaptive management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Casper, A. M. Aramati, Dorothy P. Hill, and Melanie K. Rathburn. "Managing Populations, Diseases, and Landowner Perceptions of Prairie Dogs for Black-Footed Ferret Reintroduction." Case Studies in the Environment 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001131.

Full text

Abstract:

The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is one of the rarest mammal species in North America. Captive breeding has prevented extinction of this species, but successful reintroduction of ferrets into their native grassland habitat is a complex endeavor. As specialist predators, ferrets depend almost exclusively on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) for both food and shelter, so successful black-footed ferret reintroduction hinges on maintaining large colonies of prairie dogs. However, prairie dogs are also considered agricultural pests and are often subjected to eradication programs. These eradication programs hamper efforts to reintroduce ferrets and disrupt the valuable ecosystem services prairie dogs provide in their role as both keystone and foundation species. Even when agreements are reached to maintain prairie dog colonies, plague (Yersinia pestis), which infects both prairie dogs and ferrets, can threaten the success of a ferret reintroduction program. We describe the research on the complex ecological relationships and socio-environmental challenges of reintroducing endangered black-footed ferrets, with a focus on the most abundant prairie dog species, the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gonsalves, Nirmala, Guang–Yu Yang, Bethany Doerfler, Sally Ritz, Anne M. Ditto, and Ikuo Hirano. "Elimination Diet Effectively Treats Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults; Food Reintroduction Identifies Causative Factors." Gastroenterology 142, no. 7 (June 2012): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Strinnholm, Å., A. Winberg, L. Hedman, E. Rönmark, and V. Lindh. "Reintroduction failure is common among adolescents after double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenges." Acta Paediatrica 106, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.13673.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Fauzi, Fouad, Reni Rahmawati, and Penyang Sandan. "Estimation of Population Density And Food Sort of KELASI (Presbytis Rubicundamuller 1838) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum of Palangka Raya." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 4, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v4i1.90.

Full text

Abstract:

Nyaru Menteng Arboretum is one of Conservation area in Palangka Raya for biodiversity protection width 65,2ha and in that area have established an Orang Utan Reintroduction Center from Borneo Orangutan Save Foundation (BOSF). The aims of this research are to estimated the population density of Kelasi in this area and to know many kinds of Kelasi food and the part of trees that Kelasi put to eat. The result of this research that has found one species (young class) in January 2017, then we can find 3 species again in April 2017 there is one male, one female, and one young kelasi. Population density rate of Kelasiof 2017 is 0,06 species/ha that meaning is population density of Kelasi have a degraded experience if comparing with the same population density data on 2007 that found 15 species in the area (in 2 group)with 0,23 species/ha. Food sort of Kelasi is juvenile of : Jambu-jambu (Syzgium cerinum), Saga (Adenathera microsperma), cassava (Manihot utilisima), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), pineapple (Ananas comosus), Kelakai (Stenochlaena ralustris) dan jackfruit (Artocarpus integra), other fruits and residue of orangutan food in Reintroduction area lie pineapple and papaya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Clayton, Jim A., Chris R. Pavey, Karl Vernes, and Elizabeth Jefferys. "Diet of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) at Uluru–Kata Tjuta National Park and comparison with that of historic free-ranging mala in the Tanami Desert: implications for management and future reintroductions." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 2 (2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14033.

Full text

Abstract:

Lack of information regarding the ecology of threatened species may compromise conservation efforts. Mala, a small macropod that historically inhabited a vast area of arid Australia, became extinct in the wild in 1991. Although dietary studies were completed before their disappearance from the Tanami Desert, no such work was conducted in the southern Northern Territory before mala became extinct in this part of its former range. The reintroduction of mala to Uluru–Kata Tjuta National Park provided an opportunity for dietary analysis of faecal pellets. Results show that mala foraged a wide variety of plant species, although grasses and supplementary food comprised the bulk of the diet. Neither the average percentage of Poaceae, Triodia in particular, nor supplementary food found in pellet samples was correlated with rainfall. Niche breadth analysis showed a narrow dietary range for both the Tanami and Uluru studies. Mala at both locations selected similar types of plants, plant parts, and several of the same species. Results suggest that food species Aristida holathera and Eragrostis eriopoda should be monitored to assist in determining the carrying capacity of the Uluru enclosure. A botanically diverse reintroduction site supporting Eragrostis, Aristida and Triodia appears to be most suitable for mala.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Faiman, Abi, Mohamed Mutalib, Alexander Moylan, Natalie Morgan, Daniel Crespi, Mark Furman, and Ajmal Kader. "Standard versus rapid food reintroduction after exclusive enteral nutritional therapy in paediatric Crohn’s disease." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 26, no. 3 (March 2014): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000000027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Doerfler, Bethany, Angelika Zalewski, Ryan Wang, Guang-Yu Yang, Ikuo Hirano, and Nirmala Gonsalves. "Sustained Remission Following Six Food Elimination Diet (SFED) and Reintroduction Among Adults with EOE." Gastroenterology 152, no. 5 (April 2017): S876—S877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(17)33000-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

BASALAMAH, FITRIAH, SRI SUCI UTAMI ATMOKO, DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH, IBNUL QAYIM, JAMARTIN SIHITE, MARIA VAN NOORDWIJK, ERIK WILLEMS, and CAREL P. VAN SCHAIK. "Monitoring orangutan reintroduction: Results of activity budgets, diets, vertical use and associations during the first year post-release in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190242.

Full text

Abstract:

Basalamah F, Utami-Atmoko SSU, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Qayim I, Sihite J, Van Noordwijk M, Willems E, Van Schaik CP. 2018. Monitoring orangutan reintroduction: Results of activity budgets, diets, vertical use and associations during the first year postrelease in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 639-650. Pongo pygmaeus morio, a subspecies of orangutan founded east Kalimantan is steadily declining and classified as endangered. A reintroduction program was recently established. We monitored the reintroduced individuals during their first year post-release at Kehje Sewen Forest in East Kalimantan to document the adjustment to their new habitat. Here, we present a report on the activity patterns, food choice, travel height, nest-building abilities and associations of six individuals ranging between eight and thirteen years old. Our results show that all individuals survived their first year. They spent most of their time feeding and had a largely frugivorous diet, similar to wild orangutans. However, although they were able to build nests, they reused or rebuilt old nests more often than expected. They also spent 16% of their total activity time on the ground, more than expected. This information will contribute to attempts to evaluate factors affecting the adjustment process, and thus optimizing future reintroduction procedures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Phillips, Iain D., Rolf D. Vinebrooke, and Michael A. Turner. "Experimental reintroduction of the crayfish species Orconectes virilis into formerly acidified Lake 302S (Experimental Lakes Area, Canada)This paper is part of the series “Forty Years of Aquatic Research at the Experimental Lakes Area”." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 11 (November 2009): 1892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-118.

Full text

Abstract:

Reintroduction of functionally important species is considered a key strategy for restoring damaged ecosystems. However, the sudden reappearance of an extirpated species may have adverse ecological impacts, degrading ecosystem services. Therefore, we experimentally reintroduced the crayfish Orconectes virilis into a biologically recovering, formerly acidified Boreal Shield lake (Lake 302S, Experimental Lakes Area, Canada) to determine its effect on the littoral food web following a 17-year absence. In June 2004, a single-factor experimental design consisting of two treatment levels (crayfish-less control versus 1.8 introduced crayfish·m–2) was replicated five times for a total of 10 littoral cages (4 m2). Orconectes virilis significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed the total biomass of other benthic invertebrates by 70% primarily because of declines in larval damselflies and midges. In addition, crayfish reduced periphytic biomass by 90% (P < 0.001). Stable isotopic analyses of the mesocosm food webs further indicated that O. virilis likely functioned as an omnivore, exerting direct and possibly indirect effects on other invertebrates and periphyton. Our findings highlight how the reintroduction of O. virilis must be balanced with adequate fish predation to prevent this species from becoming an invader and negatively affecting the productive capacity of boreal lakes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

de Milliano, Jasmine, Julian Di Stefano, Peter Courtney, Peter Temple-Smith, and Graeme Coulson. "Soft-release versus hard-release for reintroduction of an endangered species: an experimental comparison using eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii)." Wildlife Research 43, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14257.

Full text

Abstract:

Context Reintroduction is a popular tool for conserving endangered species, yet many attempts fail. Soft-release measures, including acclimatisation, have been used for many species around the world, based on the reasoning that gradual and supported reintroductions should improve the success of animals released into an unfamiliar wild environment. However, experimental testing of soft-release methods is rare. Aims To experimentally test the effect of a soft-release method versus a hard-release method on the initial reintroduction success of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii). Methods We released 12 captive-bred eastern barred bandicoots into a predator-proof reserve using two methods: soft-release (7 days of on-site acclimatisation with supplementary food before release) and hard-release (no acclimatisation and no supplementary food). We monitored the bandicoots intensively via radio-tracking and live-trapping for 4 weeks after release. Compared with hard-release bandicoots, we predicted that soft-release bandicoots would have (1) reduced movement (first night dispersal, site fidelity and activity range), (2) more directed patterns of habitat selection, (3) improved bodyweights and (4) improved survival. Key results There was no detectable difference in habitat selection, overall weight change and survival between the soft-release and hard-release groups. There was moderate evidence that, compared with the hard-release group, soft-release bandicoots moved less, demonstrated lower individual variation in all measures of movement, and lost weight more gradually after release. In most cases, effect sizes were moderate to large but had large standard errors owing to both small sample size and high variance. Consequently, statistical testing failed to detect significant differences at the 5% level. Conclusions Despite evidence that the release method influenced some of the monitored behaviours, soft-release did not confer a consistent and substantive advantage for captive-bred eastern barred bandicoots at our site. We conclude that soft-release is unlikely to improve overall reintroduction success for this species at fenced predator-free sites. Implications The present study suggests that the preferred option for reintroductions of eastern barred bandicoots to fenced sites is a hard-release, information that is now being used to guide reintroductions of this species. Similar experiments should be undertaken to improve reintroduction practice for other endangered species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Refoyo, P., C. Olmedo, and B. Muñoz. "La utilidad de los modelos de distribución de especies en la gestión cinegética de los ungulados silvestres." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 37, no. 2 (December 2014): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2014.37.0165.

Full text

Abstract:

We developed a distribution model of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) using the maximum entropy method (Maxent) based on information from the database of the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. The goal was to study the usefulness of such models to determine potential areas for reintroduction or natural colonization of the species. To validate the model, we used data generated from known densities of the Iberian ibex in 107 protected areas: 26 areas where the species is present, and 81 where it is not present. Findings showed that the preferred habitat for the species has steep slopes, altitude over 1,000 m, and seasonal variation in precipitation and temperature. We detected a significant relationship between the densities obtained in the study areas and their relation to the preferred habitat. Our results indicate these models can be useful in species management planning to determine areas for reintroduction of the species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Krause, Amanda J., Bethany Doerfler, Angelika Zalewski, Ikuo Hirano, and Nirmala Gonsalves. "Mo1179 OUTCOMES OF THE SIX FOOD ELIMINATION DIET AND FOOD REINTRODUCTION IN A LARGE COHORT OF ADULTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS." Gastroenterology 158, no. 6 (May 2020): S—815—S—816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(20)32719-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Meeuwig, Michael H., and Mary M. Peacock. "Food Web Interactions Associated With a Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Reintroduction Effort in an Alpine Lake." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092016-jfwm-073.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Fisheries managers have stocked Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi into Fallen Leaf Lake, California, since 2002 in an attempt to reestablish a naturally reproducing lacustrine population. However, the food web in Fallen Leaf Lake has been altered by the past introduction of nonnative species that may prey on or compete with reintroduced Lahontan Cutthroat Trout. Therefore, we used a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses to evaluate trophic characteristics within the aquatic species assemblage in Fallen Leaf Lake. Lahontan Cutthroat Trout preyed on mysid shrimp Mysis diluviana, aquatic insects, terrestrial arthropods, signal crayfish Pacificus leniusculus, and fishes. Diet overlap was greatest between Lahontan Cutthroat Trout and Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni; however, these species exhibited a generalized feeding strategy that may allow them to partition prey resources in order to avoid competitive interactions. Nonnative Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush and Brown Trout Salmo trutta are top-level predators in Fallen Leaf Lake and both consumed Lahontan Cutthroat Trout during this study. Lake Trout δ13C and δ15N increased following Lahontan Cutthroat Trout stocking, a change consistent with incorporating isotopically enriched Lahontan Cutthroat Trout into their diet. Managers should consider the effects of predation by Lake Trout and Brown Trout on Lahontan Cutthroat Trout when developing future management and stocking programs for Fallen Leaf Lake. Additionally, intentional manipulation of the isotopic composition of hatchery-reared fish prior to stocking may be useful for evaluating predation in Fallen Leaf Lake and other systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Gottlieb, Steven J., Jonathan E. Markowitz, and Evan S. Dellon. "New IgE immediate hypersensitivity reactions on reintroduction of food restricted for treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 122, no. 4 (April 2019): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2019.01.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Gravina, Antonietta Gerarda, Marcello Dallio, Mario Romeo, Antonietta Di Somma, Gaetano Cotticelli, Carmelina Loguercio, and Alessandro Federico. "Adherence and Effects Derived from FODMAP Diet on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Real Life Evaluation of a Large Follow-Up Observation." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040928.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome represents one of the most difficult gastroenterological diseases to treat, that usually induces the patients to follow different drug therapies, often not useful in symptom control. In this scenario low FODMAP diet could have positive effects in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, even because this type of diet regimen is characterized by a low gluten amount due to the exclusion of cereals. Methods: We enrolled 120 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, according to the Rome IV criteria, who were referred to Hepatogastroenterology Division of the University of Campania L. Vanvitelli from June to December 2018. They underwent a low FODMAP diet for six weeks, followed by a gradual weekly reintroduction of every category of food for three months. The patients had a follow-up evaluation for six months after the end of food reintroduction period. We measured abdominal pain with subjective numerical scale from 0 to 10. We evaluated other gastrointestinal symptoms with a questionnaire about symptoms of lower digestive tract, evaluating their frequency and intensity. We also evaluated the impact of irritable bowel syndrome on daily life with neurological bowel dysfunction score. Results: We obtained a good patient-adherence to diet and a statistically significant decrease of abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, and neurological bowel dysfunction score (p < 0.001) at the end of the diet. These results remained constant in the follow-up period. Conclusions: We recommend the use of a low FODMAP diet regimen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to control the symptoms and improve the quality of life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gkikas, K., M. Logan, B. Nichols, C. M. Clark, U. Z. Ijaz, L. Gervais, H. Duncan, et al. "P091 Dietary triggers of colonic inflammation following treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition in children with Crohn’s disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S180—S181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.220.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) ameliorates gut inflammation in children with Crohn’s disease (CD). We have previously described the rapid rise in faecal calprotectin levels (FC) when children with CD return to their habitual diet after EEN treatment (1). We performed dietary assessment and measured biomarkers of food consumption in faeces of children with CD during early food reintroduction. Methods A composite outcome of clinical remission post EEN (weighted Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index <12.5) and a significant drop in FC (FC decrease: >500 mg/kg / >35%) was used to define the patient group. All patients completed 3-day estimated weight food diaries and provided a faecal sample. Patients were divided equally for statistical analysis purposes in two groups; above (Group 1) and below (Group 2) the median FC concentration at food reintroduction. Nutrient analysis was performed with WinDiets. Short-chain fatty acids, the gluten immunogenic peptide (GIP) and starch were measured in stool, as proxy of fibre, gluten and malabsorbed starch, respectively. Food groups were assigned using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey approach and statistics employing taxonomy were utilised in the food group analysis. All data are displayed using medians (Q1, Q3). Results Fourteen children provided an FC sample within 21 (15, 51) days post EEN. Patients were of similar age, weight and height (p = 0.4, p = 0.37, p = 0.79). Total energy intake did not differ between the groups (p = 0.37). Patients in Group 1 consumed more fibre than Group 2 [12.1 g (11.3, 19.9) vs. 9.9 g (7.6, 12.1), p = 0.04]. Protein and phosphorus intakes, expressed as a percentage of reference nutrient intakes, were also higher in Group 1 than Group 2 [protein (%): 262 (195, 291) vs. 211 (88, 215), p = 0.02], [phosphorus (%): 241 (171, 290) vs. 177 (131, 1901), p = 0.04]. Butyrate and valerate levels were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 [butyrate: 62.5 (41.8, 114) vs. 34.1 (29.2, 49.6), p = 0.02; valerate: 13.7 (9.3, 17.9) vs. 4.5 (2.3, 8.1), p < 0.01. There were no differences in GIP and faecal starch levels between the two groups. Red and processed meat intake was higher in Group 1 than Group 2 [151 g (66.7, 190) vs. 63.3 g (21.7, 67), p = 0.02)]. Cereals intake was non-significantly higher in Group 1 [389 (207, 405) vs. 231 (141, 279), p = 0.08]. Overall diet diversity did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.47). Conclusion The current analysis suggests that fibre, protein, phosphorus and red and processed meat may be associated with recurrence of colonic inflammation in children with CD during early food reintroduction. These findings should be confirmed in larger studies. Reference

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Polloni, L., E. Ferruzza, L. Ronconi, A. Toniolo, F. Lazzarotto, R. Bonaguro, N. Celegato, and A. Muraro. "Assessment of children's nutritional attitudes before oral food challenges to identify patients at risk of food reintroduction failure: a prospective study." Allergy 72, no. 5 (October 14, 2016): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.13055.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kakiuchi, Toshihiko, Aiko Nakayama, Jun Abe, and Muneaki Matsuo. "Efficacy of a Short-term Six-food Elimination Diet and Reintroduction Therapy in Pediatric Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis." Internal Medicine 59, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 1379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.4264-19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wall, Catherine L., and Andrew S. Day. "Editorial: the reduction of faecal calprotectin during exclusive enteral nutrition is lost rapidly after food reintroduction." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 50, no. 7 (September 18, 2019): 824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.15475.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Versluis, Astrid, André C. Knulst, Francine C. Erp, Mark A. Blankestijn, Yolanda Meijer, Thuy‐My Le, and Harmieke Os‐Medendorp. "Reintroduction failure after negative food challenges in adults is common and mainly due to atypical symptoms." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 50, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.13572.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Fayad, I. M., M. Hashem, M. Refat, M. Bakir, O. Fontaine, C. Duggan, and M. Santosham. "Comparative efficacy of rice-based and glucose-based oral rehydration salts plus early reintroduction of food." Lancet 342, no. 8874 (September 1993): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91540-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Yoda, Tamae, Larry I. Crawshaw, Kyoko Yoshida, Liu Su, Takayoshi Hosono, Osamu Shido, Sotaro Sakurada, Yutaka Fukuda, and Kazuyuki Kanosue. "Effects of food deprivation on daily changes in body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): R134—R139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.r134.

Full text

Abstract:

Homeothermic animals regulate body temperature (Tb) by using both autonomic and behavioral mechanisms. In the latter process, animals seek out cooler or warmer places when they are exposed to excessively hot or cold environments. Thermoregulation is affected by the state of energy reserves in the body. In the present study, we examine the effects of 4-day food deprivation on circadian changes in Tb and on cold-escape and heat-escape behaviors in rats. Continuous measurement of Tb during food deprivation indicated that the peak Tb amplitude was not different from baseline values, but the trough amplitude continuously decreased after the onset of food deprivation. Cold-escape behavior was facilitated by food deprivation, whereas heat-escape behavior was unchanged. After the termination of food deprivation, the lowered Tb returned to normal on the first day. However, cold-escape behavior was still facilitated on the third day after food reintroduction. Autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory effectors are modulated in the face of food shortage so as to maintain optimal performance during the active period, whereas increasing energy conservation occurs during the quiescent phase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Labrosse, Roxane, François Graham, and Jean-Christoph Caubet. "Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in Children: An Update." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072086.

Full text

Abstract:

Non-immunoglobulin E-mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders (non-IgE-GI-FA) include food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), which present with symptoms of variable severity, affecting the gastrointestinal tract in response to specific dietary antigens. The diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FA is made clinically, and relies on a constellation of typical symptoms that improve upon removal of the culprit food. When possible, food reintroduction should be attempted, with the documentation of symptoms relapse to establish a conclusive diagnosis. Management includes dietary avoidance, nutritional counselling, and supportive measures in the case of accidental exposure. The prognosis is generally favorable, with the majority of cases resolved before school age. Serial follow-up to establish whether the acquisition of tolerance has occurred is therefore essential in order to avoid unnecessary food restriction and potential consequent nutritional deficiencies. The purpose of this review is to delineate the distinctive clinical features of non-IgE-mediated food allergies presenting with gastrointestinal symptomatology, to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis driving these diseases, to discuss recent findings, and to address currents gaps in the knowledge, to guide future management opportunities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Giménez, María Alejandra, Cristina Noemí Segundo, Manuel Oscar Lobo, and Norma Cristina Sammán. "Physicochemical and Techno-Functional Characterization of Native Corn Reintroduced in the Andean Zone of Jujuy, Argentina." Proceedings 53, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020053007.

Full text

Abstract:

The chemical and techno-functional properties of nine maize races from the Andean zone of Jujuy, Argentina, in the process of reintroduction, were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to establish the differences between them. The breeds studied showed high variability in their chemical and techno-functional properties, which would indicate that their applications in the food industry will also be differentiated. The PCA analysis allowed us to group them into four groups, and the Capia Marron and Culli races showed unique properties, mainly in the formation of gels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kakiuchi, Toshihiko, Aiko Nakayama, and Muneaki Matsuo. "Pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis effectively treated with a short-term 6-food-group elimination diet and reintroduction therapy." Medicine 98, no. 26 (June 2019): e16243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000016243.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Amico, Janet A., Mariana Morris, and Regis R. Vollmer. "Mice deficient in oxytocin manifest increased saline consumption following overnight fluid deprivation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): R1368—R1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.5.r1368.

Full text

Abstract:

Male mice (9–13 mo of age) in which the gene for oxytocin (OT) had been deleted (OT −/−) were administered 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution or tap water as a two-bottle choice test following overnight fluid deprivation (1600 to 1000 the following day). Compared with wild-type cohorts (OT +/+), OT-deficient mice ingested sevenfold greater amounts of saline in the first hour following reintroduction of fluids, P < 0.001, and fourfold greater amounts at the end of 6 h, P < 0.02. No significant difference in total water ingested was noted between the two genotypes at the end of either 1 or 6 h. If food deprivation accompanied the overnight fluid deprivation and food was reintroduced 1 h after the reintroduction of both water and saline, OT −/− mice still ingested greater amounts of saline, but not water, than OT +/+ mice at both 1 h, P < 0.001, and 6 h, P< 0.02. No differences were noted between genotypes in the daily intake of 0.5 M NaCl solution or water during a 3-day observation period before the overnight fluid deprivation. The volume of saline consumed in each 24-h observation period represented about one-tenth of the total fluids ingested in each genotype. We conclude that OT −/− mice display an enhanced salt appetite compared with OT +/+ mice when fluid deprived overnight. The salt appetite was only apparent in the presence of a perturbation such as fluid deprivation, which predisposes the animal to moderate hypovolemia. The observations support an inhibitory role for OT in the control of sodium appetite in mice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Gkikas, K., M. Logan, S. Milling, U. Z. Ijaz, R. Hansen, R. K. Russell, and K. Gerasimidis. "DOP27 The fibre fermentative capacity of the gut microbiota is diminished in children with Crohn’s Disease and it is independent of disease activity or treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S065—S066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab073.066.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Induction of clinical remission with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), has been associated with accompanying changes in the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (a biomarker of fibre fermentation) in faeces of children with Crohn’s disease (CD) 1. Here, we assessed the fibre fermentative capacity of the gut microbiota of children with active CD in vitro, before, during and after EEN and compared with healthy children. Methods 44 faecal samples from 14 children (female, n=7, age, median [Q1, Q3]: 14.1 [11.1, 15.1] years) with active CD were collected before, during (4 weeks) and at the end of EEN (8 weeks) and after food reintroduction (median [Q1, Q3]: 21 [16, 31] days post-EEN). All children had achieved clinical remission at the end of EEN (weighted Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index <12.5). A single faecal sample was collected from 11 healthy children (female, n=4, age, median [Q1, Q3]: 12.4 [9.6, 13.0] years). 24-hour in vitro batch fermentations were performed using 4 fibre substrates (pectin, high-resistant maize starch, wheat bran and a mixture of the three). Net production of SCFA was measured with gas chromatography. Results Compared to healthy children, the total production of SCFA was significantly lower in children with CD, for all 4 fibre substrates, and regardless of the study timepoint (Figure 1). Net production of SCFA remained unchanged during EEN and at food reintroduction, and for all fibre substrates (Figure 1). No significant association with levels of faecal calprotectin was observed at any of the timepoints. Acetate production was significantly lower in children with CD compared to healthy children for all fibre substrates except for resistant maize starch (Figure 1). Likewise, except for pectin, production of butyrate was significantly lower in children with CD than healthy controls (Figure 1). Production of propionate did not significantly differ between any of the groups. Legend: Production of SCFA after 24-hour in vitro fermentation of faecal samples from CD and healthy children. Asterisks indicate significant differences. A: before EEN, B: 4-week EEN, C: End of EEN, D: Food reintroduction, HC: Healthy children Conclusion Fibre fermentative capacity is independent of disease activity in patients with CD and remains lower compared to healthy controls. It might be unlikely that the mechanism of action of EEN is mediated by modulation of fibre fermenting bacteria. Reference 1. Gerasimidis K, Bertz M, Hanske L, Junick J, Biskou O, Aguilera M, et al. Decline in presumptively protective gut bacterial species and metabolites are paradoxically associated with disease improvement in pediatric Crohn’s disease during enteral nutrition. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(5):861–71.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Yorgidis, Elena, Lisa Beiner, Nicola Blazynski, Katja Schneider-Momm, Hans-Willi Clement, Reinhold Rauh, Eberhard Schulz, Christina Clement, and Christian Fleischhaker. "Individual Behavioral Reactions in the Context of Food Sensitivities in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder before and after an Oligoantigenic Diet." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082598.

Full text

Abstract:

The influence of food intake on behavior problems of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was already described in the early 20th century. Eliminating food components by using the Oligoantigenic Diet (OD) leads to reduction of ADHD symptoms for more than two-thirds of patients. The aim of our study was to reveal how to identify foods having an impact on ADHD symptomatology. Therefore, 28 children with ADHD participating in this uncontrolled, open trial were examined before and after a restricted elimination diet. They kept a daily 24-h recall nutrition and behavior journal and filled out the abbreviated Conners’ scale (ACS) to identify foods which increased ADHD symptoms. The study was completed by 16 children (13 m/3 f). After four weeks of elimination diet the individual food sensitivities were identified in a reintroduction phase. A repetitive increase of ADHD symptoms by at least two points in ACS after food introduction hints at food sensitivity. Twenty-seven food sensitivity reactions were identified. Most of the participants were sensitive to more than one food. Food intolerances could not be identified without preceding OD. The combination of OD and subsequent food challenge appears as a valid method to identify individual food sensitivity in ADHD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Fortenberry, Megan, Heather Rucker, and Katelyn Gaines. "Pediatric Scurvy: How an Old Disease Is Becoming a New Problem." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 8 (November 1, 2020): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-25.8.735.

Full text

Abstract:

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) functions as a cofactor and antioxidant within the human body that enables tissue growth and repair, but vitamin C is not intrinsically produced. Scurvy, or ascorbic acid deficiency, has traditionally been viewed as a historical disease. With the incidence of autism spectrum disorder and food restriction on the rise, children's hospitals may see increasing cases of scurvy. This is a single-center, retrospective case series including patients aged 7 to 14 years who were admitted to the Kentucky Children's Hospital with scurvy in the 2018–2019 period. Although selective or restricted eating is not an uncommon behavior among children, especially toddlers, parents of autistic children frequently report their children to be exceedingly selective eaters. However, there currently are conflicting findings on whether this leads to nutritional inadequacy. Although no guidelines exist for the treatment of scurvy, the mainstay of therapy is reintroduction of vitamin C. Oral therapy is generally preferred, but vitamin C can be given parenterally when necessary. In conclusion, oral aversion is a symptom commonly seen in patients with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental delays, potentially leading to increased cases of scurvy. Treatment of scurvy includes reintroduction of vitamin C into the diet. However, oral supplementation may pose unique challenges in this patient population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Switalski, T. Adam. "Coyote foraging ecology and vigilance in response to gray wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-080.

Full text

Abstract:

Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have lived in the absence of wolves (Canis lupus) for over 60 years. I examined whether wolf reintroduction in 1995 and 1996 in YNP influenced coyote vigilance and foraging ecology. From December 1997 to July 2000, my co-workers and I collected 1708 h of coyote activity budgets. Once wolves became established in the Park, they once again provided a continuous source of carrion in the Lamar Valley and we found that coyotes began feeding on carcasses throughout the year. Although we documented that wolves killed coyotes, it also became clear that surviving coyotes quickly adjusted their behaviors when wolves were present. When coyotes were near wolves or in areas of high wolf use, they fed on carcasses much more; however, they increased the amount of time spent in vigilance activities and decreased rest. There appears to be a trade-off in which wolf kills provide a quick source of food that is energetically advantageous to coyotes; however, attendant costs included increased vigilance, decreased rest, and a higher risk of being killed. Changes in the behavior of coyotes in response to the reintroduction of this large carnivore may ultimately have wide-ranging cascading effects throughout the ecosystem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Muñoz-Urribarri, Ana Beatriz, Alex Gamaniel Delgado Godos, Raúl Castillo Durand, Michael Algio Quispe Huarcaya, and Roxana Stephanie Hilda Calderón Flores. "Juvenile “idiopathic” arthritis (JIA) as a manifestation of food allergy. Case Study." Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.47892/rgp.2020.402.1087.

Full text

Abstract:

Studies linking type of diet and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have variable results and are inconsistent. This case shows an evolution which fulfilled the criteria of JIA, but was diagnosed as food allergy. Case: A seven-year old boy had fever, arthralgia, general malaise, headaches, abdominal pain and rashes. These symptoms were diagnosed as fever of unknown origin (FUO) and probable JIA. There was a stabbing pain in the right iliac fossa. An upper and lower endoscopy were performed and nodular ileocolitis was detected. A hypoallergenic diet was prescribed, in addition to mesalazine and oral corticosteroids. The patient was asymptomatic for 2.5 months and then relapsed with all symptoms after consuming dairy. This JIA case shows the diagnostic phases of food allergy: improvement and recurrence of symptoms with the reintroduction of the allergen (oral challenge=gold standard of food allergy). There is evidence that supports the existence of a gut-joint axis, where the luminal content triggers a series of immunologically mediated reactions that can cause systemic diseases such as J other connective tissue diseases. This case report adds reasonable evidence in support of food allergy as a cause of JIA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zhang, Mingchun, Yan Huang, Mingsheng Hong, Shiqiang Zhou, Jinyan Huang, Desheng Li, Rengui Li, Dian Liu, Xiaoping Zhou, and Hemin Zhang. "Impacts of man-made provisioned food on learned cub behaviours of giant pandas in pre-release reintroduction training." Folia Zoologica 66, no. 1 (April 2017): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v66.i1.a8.2017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

De Jong, N. W., N. Tirzikhan, H. F. J. Savelkoul, and R. Gerth van Wijk. "Evaluation of Oral Food Challenges With Hazelnut And Actual Reintroduction Of Hazelnut In The Diet After Negative OFC." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, no. 2 (February 2012): AB24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.950.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ditlof, Christina, Roxanne Hummel, Samantha Wong, Mara Alexanian-Farr, Slavka Zahrebelny, Jennifer Hoang, Lisa Hung, et al. "Food Reintroduction after Passing an Oral Food Challenge: A Cross-Sectional Structured Interview-Based Assessment of Barriers, Challenges, and Impact on Quality of Life." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 147, no. 2 (February 2021): AB2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.057.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Löbbová, Denisa, and Ervín Hapl. "Conservation of European ground squirrel (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Slovakia: Results of current reintroduction programme." Slovak Raptor Journal 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/srj-2014-0012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Conservation of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) has been supported by the LIFE - Nature project “Conservation of Falco cherrug in NE Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia” during the period 201 0-201 4. The project activities were usually focused on EGS reintroduction programmmes with the aim of ensuring the food base for selected species of birds in areas where EGS were the primary historical prey and have become extinct. Reintroduction programmes were carried out at two sites in Slovakia: Piesocná (Moravský Svätý Ján) and Pod Okrúhlou skalou (Tisovec). Together 1 74 individuals were released at Pod Okrúhlou skalou and 284 individuals at the Piesocná target site. Monitoring of both repatriated colonies focused on the natality and distribution area. At both target sites successful hibernation and reproduction have been confirmed. The repatriation date was strongly influenced by weather conditions, especially during the rainy season. It was necessary to cut the grass several times per season, in order to ensure appropriate conditions for individuals’ survival. It was also necessary to protect the individuals against predators. House cats tend to hunt squirrels, which can be considered as the most serious threat at the Piesocná site. Squirrels at the Pod Okrúhlou skalou site were overly attacked by foxes. Intensive care (especially appropriate management of sites and additional feeding) ensured good stability of colonies, their survival and increase

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Moreno Mañas, Eulalia, Moisés Gonzálvez Juan, María del Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, Tania Gilbert, Juana Ortiz, Gerardo Espeso, Jesús Benzal, Belén Ibáñez, and Francisco Valera Hernández. "Survey of husbandry practices for bovidae in zoos: the importance of parasite management for reintroduction programmes." Veterinary Record 184, no. 9 (February 28, 2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104985.

Full text

Abstract:

Animals from zoological institutions may be used for reintroductions. These individuals are considered healthy, but they are not necessarily free of parasites, despite the minimum husbandry standards required of zoological institutions as described in the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria guidelines. In this sense, parasitism has been identified as the cause of failure, or has added difficulties, in some reintroduction programmes. Here the authors attempt to summarise the risk of parasitism to animals originating from zoological institutions by analysing a questionnaire about parasite prevalence, sampling methods, treatment and control in three ungulates in European zoos. Completed questionnaires were received from 38 institutions (58.5 per cent response rate). Most of the responding institutions (97 per cent) detected the eggs of endoparasites in faeces, but only one reported ectoparasites. Most institutions followed a similar preventive schedule, with ivermectin as the preferred prophylactic treatment for parasites, commonly administered in food every six months. The frequent use of concentrating flotation techniques as the sole method to evaluate the presence of parasite eggs in faecal samples is not recommended because it fails to detect trematode and lung nematode infections, so it would be better to use flotation techniques together with sedimentation procedures or serological and molecular tests. The results suggest that parasite control in zoological institutions can be complicated, indicating the need to implement a specific management schedule for institutions involved in reintroduction projects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Bannister, Hannah L., Robert Brandle, Steven Delean, David C. Paton, and Katherine E. Moseby. "Supportive release techniques provide no reintroduction benefit when efficacy and uptake is low." Oryx 54, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001843.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractRelease methods can influence the outcome of reintroductions. We tested the effect of delayed, immediate and supplementary food/shelter release treatments on the reintroduction of brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula to an environment in which introduced predators, particularly foxes, were subject to control. Monitoring of 48 radio-collared possums over 3 months revealed that immediate release possums settled into a stable range significantly faster than other groups, but there were no differences in survival, dispersal distance, reproduction or body condition. Ten days after release possums from all treatment groups had lost body mass, but by day 60 most were heavier than at the time of translocation. After release, possums sometimes used shelter sites easily accessible to predators, but within 3 weeks they regularly selected safer shelter. Risky shelter selection and loss of condition immediately after release suggests that supplementary food and shelter could be beneficial, but supportive measures were rarely used or did not have the desired effect. In an environment with higher predator densities, risky shelter selection could lead to high post-release predation, and mass loss could encourage animals to forage in riskier ways, further increasing vulnerability. In these environments effective uptake of supplementary food and shelter could reduce predation risk, but supplementary measures would need to be presented in a way that maximises uptake. In contrast, if post-release predation risk is low then supportive measures may not be required. Innovative methods for providing post-release support should continue to be developed for reintroductions to areas where supportive measures are needed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

COLLAR, N. J. "Preparing captive-bred birds for reintroduction: the case of the Vietnam Pheasant Lophura edwardsi." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270920000039.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryThe Vietnam Pheasant Lophura edwardsi (including L. hatinhensis) is only known from a small area of central Vietnam, where it occurred in wet forest below 300 m. It is probably extinct in the wild, but some 1,500 birds, derived from 28 individuals caught in 1924–1930, survive in captivity. Guidelines for reintroducing galliforms date from 2009. Subsequent literature was reviewed for new research findings to help maximise the chances of success in reintroducing birds. Studies confirmed that non-parent-reared captive-bred galliforms survive poorly, primarily owing to inadequate anti-predator responses. These reflect both genetic and ontogenetic unsuitability to wild conditions, with progressive maladaptation of stock being related to the number of generations spent in captivity (at least 35 in the case of Vietnam Pheasant). To compensate as far as possible for this deficiency, a reintroduction programme should use: environmental enrichment (including the provision of perches in aviaries), dietary enrichment (especially involving practice with live food), parent-rearing over several generations (although how many are needed for a species almost a century in captivity is unknown), soft releases (allowing full familiarisation with the future environment over at least 50 days), rigorous anti-predator training (against both air and ground attacks), anti-predation release stratagems (relocating and deterring predators, releasing birds at several stations, offering post-release support), determining appropriate numbers (per batch, with at least 300 in total per site) and time-frame for release (around five years) and the selection of fully suitable releasees in (as far as possible) naturally formed social groups, including parent-guided offspring aged around four months. Six sites need survey for extant populations or use for reintroduction, and the choice of reintroduction site will depend primarily on habitat extent and condition. The costs of these measures will be high and the overall project schedule will need to extend beyond the overall five years currently planned.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cedraz-Mercez, P. L., A. C. Almeida, R. H. Costa-e-Sousa, D. Badauê-Passos Jr., L. R. Castilhos, E. L. Olivares, A. Marinho Jr, M. A. Medeiros, and L. C. Reis. "Influence of serotonergic transmission and postsynaptic 5-HT2C action on the feeding behavior of Coturnix japonica (Galliformes: Aves)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 65, no. 4 (November 2005): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842005000400005.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated the role of 5-HT2C receptors and serotonergic transmission in the feeding behavior control of quails. Administration of serotonin releaser, fenfluramine (FEN) and 5-HT2C agonists, mCPP and MK212, 1.0 and 3.3 mg/Kg induced significant inhibition of food intake in previously fasted fowls (0.71 ± 0.18 g and 0.47 ± 0.2 g; 0.49 ± 0.22 g and 0.48 ± 0.29 g; 0.82 ± 0.13 g and 0.71 ± 0.16 g, respectively). Control groups ranged from 2.89 ± 0.21 g to 2.97 ± 0.22 g, 60 min after reintroduction of food, P < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained with normally fed quails. Both serotonin releaser and 5-HT2C agonists, in a 3.3 mg/Kg dose, induced hypophagy (FEN, 0.78 ± 0.08 g; mCPP, 0.89 ± 0.07 g; MK212, 1.25 ± 0.17 g vs. controls, 2.05 ± 0.12 g, 120 min after food was presented, P < 0.0001 to P < 0.01). Previous administration of 5-HT2C antagonist, LY53857 (5.0 mg/Kg) blocked the hypophagic response induced by 5-HT2C agonists 60 min after food was reintroduced. Current data show a modulatory role of serotonin release and postsynaptic 5-HT2C receptors in the feeding behavior of quails.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Nagy, Vivien, and Gerda Diósi. "Using brewer’s spent grain as a byproduct of the brewing industry in the bakery industry." Élelmiszervizsgálati Közlemények 67, no. 1 (2021): 3339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52091/evik-2021/1-5-eng.

Full text

Abstract:

The utilization of food industry byproducts is one of today’s important environmental and economic tasks. Byproducts that form during food production are typically used for feed purposes, but in many cases these materials can also be used in the production of human foods. The brewer’s spent grain left behind after brewing beer is a byproduct with favorable nutrition parameters, with low sugar and high fiber and protein contents. The main objective of our experiments was the reintroduction of brewer’s spent grain into the food industry, with a focus on innovation and sustainable development, by utilizing it in commercially available bakery products (salty medallions / wafers) formulated and regulated in the Hungarian Food Codex. Brewer’s spent grain consists of vegetable proteins and fibers (inactive malt), which may improve the compositional characteristics when preparing bakery products. In the course of our research, medallions enriched with brewer’s spent grain were prepared, of the beneficial parameters of which its high dietary fiber content should be highlighted, which can contribute to the realization of a health-conscious diet for consumers. A diet rich in dietary fiber, combined with an adequate amount of exercise, can reduce the risk of developing certain diseases (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular diseases).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kakiuchi, Toshihiko, Aiko Nakayama, and Muneaki Matsuo. "Endoscopic findings of eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with a short-term 6-food-group elimination diet and reintroduction therapy." Postgraduate Medical Journal 96, no. 1139 (December 23, 2019): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-137318.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ha, Eun-Mi, Chun-Taek Oh, Yun Soo Bae, and Won-Jae Lee. "A Direct Role for Dual Oxidase inDrosophilaGut Immunity." Science 310, no. 5749 (November 3, 2005): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1117311.

Full text

Abstract:

Because the mucosal epithelia are in constant contact with large numbers of microorganisms, these surfaces must be armed with efficient microbial control systems. Here, we show that theDrosophilanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase enzyme, dual oxidase (dDuox), is indispensable for gut antimicrobial activities. Adult flies in whichdDuoxexpression is silenced showed a marked increase in mortality rate even after a minor infection through ingestion of microbe-contaminated food. This could be restored by the specific reintroduction of dDuox, demonstrating that this oxidase generates a unique epithelial oxidative burst that limits microbial proliferation in the gut. Thus, oxidant-mediated antimicrobial responses are not restricted to the phagocytes, but rather are used more broadly, including in mucosal barrier epithelia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Vilarta, Marcelo Rodrigues, William Wittkoff, Crisomar Lobato, Rubens de Aquino Oliveira, Nívia Gláucia Pinto Pereira, and Luís Fábio Silveira. "Reintroduction of the Golden Conure (Guaruba guarouba) in Northern Brazil: Establishing a Population in a Protected Area." Diversity 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050198.

Full text

Abstract:

Brazil has the highest number of parrots in the world and the greatest number of threatened species. The Golden Conure is endemic to the Brazilian Amazon forest and it is currently considered as threatened by extinction, although it is fairly common in captivity. Here we report the first reintroduction of this species. The birds were released in an urban park in Belem, capital of Para State, where the species was extinct more than a century ago. Birds were trained to recognize and consume local food and to avoid predators. After the soft-release, with food supplementation and using nest boxes, we recorded breeding activity in the wild. The main challenges before the release were the territorial disputes within the aviary and the predation by boa snakes. During the post-release monitoring the difficulties were the fast dispersion of some individuals and the dangers posed by anthropic elements such as power lines that caused some fatalities. Released birds were very successful at finding and consuming native foods, evading predators, and one pair reproduced successfully. Monitoring continues and further releases are programmed to establish an ecologically viable population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Food-reintroduction'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles