Journal articles: 'Food security – Africa, Sub-Saharan'

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Ugwuanyi, J. U., and Chukwudi Obinne. "Promoting Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 1 (March 1998): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700109.

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Access to adequate food constitutes the most serious problem for most African households today. Low productivity rapid population growth, food aid and food importation, structural adjustment programmes, illiteracy, environmental degradation, poorly formulated and executed food policies, wars and political instability are among the factors held responsible for food insecurity and food inadequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa. The promotion of food security and improvement of living conditions of the African people should form the core of development programmes in Africa for years to come. Therefore, policy reversals are urgently needed to put Africa on the path of development, and a cooperative regionalism is advocated. Africans both at home and in the diaspora must collectively assume the responsibility for the advancement of African agriculture and economy.

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CLOVER, JENNY. "FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." African Security Review 12, no. 1 (January 2003): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2003.9627566.

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Amalu, Uche C. "Food Security: Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 3 (September 2002): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101294029.

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Falling world grain stocks, rising grain prices and the poor economic situation of Africa have, since 1995, made food security a major issue. Structural adjustment programmes, the crushing burden of debt, the collapse of commodity prices and mismanagement of national economies have rendered African people even poorer in terms of per capita income and quality of life than they were in the first decade after the attainment of independence. Yet Africa is rich in many ways — for example, in virgin land for agriculture and in mineral resources, including energy. It is rich above all in its people and their determined spirit to face all disasters, natural and man-made. In line with this spirit, Africa is moving ahead on a new consensus that food security through enhanced agricultural production is the continent's most fundamental development issue. Although the economic plans of successive African governments have stressed the goal of food self-sufficiency, the food sector has received little investment or political priority. Africa continues to rely on food aid and food imports, which consume a large part of its meagre export earnings. The increasingly limited capacity to purchase food abroad and the bitter experience of depending on emergency aid are honing a clear determination that Africa must marshal the resources to grow its own food and so release the creative energies of its people to contribute fully to their own development and well-being. Top priority should be given to food security during this process, as no country can consider itself free until it has the wherewithal to provide for the basic needs of its people.

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Popp, Jĳzsef, Judit Olġh, Anna Kiss, and Zoltġn Lakner. "Food Security Perspectives in Sub-Saharan Africa." www.amfiteatrueconomic.ro 21, no. 51 (May 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/ea/2019/51/361.

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Rajaonarison, Haja Michel. "Food and Human Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Procedia Environmental Sciences 20 (2014): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.048.

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Moseley, William G. "Monitoring Urban Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Geographical Review 21, no. 1 (December 2001): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2001.9756162.

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Guilpart, Nicolas, Patricio Grassini, Justin van Wart, Haishun Yang, Martin K. van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Lieven Claessens, Johan G. B. Leenaars, and Kenneth G. Cassman. "Rooting for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 114036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9003.

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Giller, Ken E. "The Food Security Conundrum of sub-Saharan Africa." Global Food Security 26 (September 2020): 100431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100431.

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McGowan, Chase. "Food Security and Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 7 (October 1, 2016): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v7i0.4425.

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Climate change is predicted to have a detrimental impact on food security throughout the world, but the poorest regions are likely to be the most affected. The Food and Agriculture Organization identifies four aspects of food security: availability, access, stability and utilization. This literature review examines the predicted impacts of climate change on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. First, an analysis of the scientific literature was undertaken to investigate the potential impact of climate change on each of these four aspects. Second, policies relating to food security and climate change of key UN bodies, international non-profit organizations, and national governments in Sub-Saharan Africa were examined. Overall, there is extensive evidence that climate change will negatively impact each of the four aspects of food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Until now, international organizations and national governments have failed to adopt comprehensive policies to adapt to climate change. To be effective, efforts to address the problem should combine social and development aspects.

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Burchi, Francesco, Giorgio d’Agostino, Luca Pieroni, and Margherita Scarlato. "Cash Transfers and Food Security in Sub‐Saharan Africa." South African Journal of Economics 86, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12204.

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Opio-Odongo, J. M. A. "Governance, morality and food security in sub-Saharan Africa." Agricultural Administration and Extension 28, no. 4 (1988): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90001-3.

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van Ittersum, Martin K., Lenny G. J. van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, et al. "Can sub-Saharan Africa feed itself?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 52 (December 12, 2016): 14964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610359113.

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Although global food demand is expected to increase 60% by 2050 compared with 2005/2007, the rise will be much greater in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Indeed, SSA is the region at greatest food security risk because by 2050 its population will increase 2.5-fold and demand for cereals approximately triple, whereas current levels of cereal consumption already depend on substantial imports. At issue is whether SSA can meet this vast increase in cereal demand without greater reliance on cereal imports or major expansion of agricultural area and associated biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies indicate that the global increase in food demand by 2050 can be met through closing the gap between current farm yield and yield potential on existing cropland. Here, however, we estimate it will not be feasible to meet future SSA cereal demand on existing production area by yield gap closure alone. Our agronomically robust yield gap analysis for 10 countries in SSA using location-specific data and a spatial upscaling approach reveals that, in addition to yield gap closure, other more complex and uncertain components of intensification are also needed, i.e., increasing cropping intensity (the number of crops grown per 12 mo on the same field) and sustainable expansion of irrigated production area. If intensification is not successful and massive cropland land expansion is to be avoided, SSA will depend much more on imports of cereals than it does today.

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Sulemana, Iddisah, Ebenezer Bugri Anarfo, and Peter Quartey. "International remittances and household food security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Migration and Development 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2018.1560926.

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Coyne, Danny L., Laura Cortada, Johnathan J. Dalzell, Abiodun O. Claudius-Cole, Solveig Haukeland, Nessie Luambano, and Herbert Talwana. "Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045833.

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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a region beset with challenges, not least its ability to feed itself. Low agricultural productivity, exploding populations, and escalating urbanization have led to declining per capita food availability. In order to reverse this trend, crop production systems must intensify, which brings with it an elevated threat from pests and diseases, including plant-parasitic nematodes. A holistic systems approach to pest management recognizes disciplinary integration. However, a critical under-representation of nematology expertise is a pivotal shortcoming, especially given the magnitude of the threat nematodes pose under more intensified systems. With more volatile climates, efficient use of water by healthy root systems is especially crucial. Within SSA, smallholder farming systems dominate the agricultural landscape, where a limited understanding of nematode problems prevails. This review provides a synopsis of current nematode challenges facing SSA and presents the opportunities to overcome current shortcomings, including a means to increase nematology capacity.

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Devereux, Stephen. "Social protection for enhanced food security in sub-Saharan Africa." Food Policy 60 (April 2016): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.03.009.

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Connolly-Boutin, Liette, and Barry Smit. "Climate change, food security, and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa." Regional Environmental Change 16, no. 2 (February 13, 2015): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0761-x.

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17

Woodhouse, Philip. "From green revolution to food security in sub-Saharan Africa." Food Policy 14, no. 1 (February 1989): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(89)90021-3.

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Haile, Menghestab. "Weather patterns, food security and humanitarian response in sub-Saharan Africa." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1463 (October 24, 2005): 2169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1746.

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Although considerable achievements in the global reduction of hunger and poverty have been made, progress in Africa so far has been very limited. At present, a third of the African population faces widespread hunger and chronic malnutrition and is exposed to a constant threat of acute food crisis and famine. The most affected are rural households whose livelihood is heavily dependent on traditional rainfed agriculture. Rainfall plays a major role in determining agricultural production and hence the economic and social well being of rural communities. The rainfall pattern in sub-Saharan Africa is influenced by large-scale intra-seasonal and inter-annual climate variability including occasional El Niño events in the tropical Pacific resulting in frequent extreme weather event such as droughts and floods that reduce agricultural outputs resulting in severe food shortages. Households and communities facing acute food shortages are forced to adopt coping strategies to meet the immediate food requirements of their families. These extreme responses may have adverse long-term impacts on households' ability to have sustainable access to food as well as the environment. The HIV/AIDS crisis has also had adverse impacts on food production activities on the continent. In the absence of safety nets and appropriate financial support mechanisms, humanitarian aid is required to enable households effectively cope with emergencies and manage their limited resources more efficiently. Timely and appropriate humanitarian aid will provide households with opportunities to engage in productive and sustainable livelihood strategies. Investments in poverty reduction efforts would have better impact if complemented with timely and predictable response mechanisms that would ensure the protection of livelihoods during crisis periods whether weather or conflict-related. With an improved understanding of climate variability including El Niño, the implications of weather patterns for the food security and vulnerability of rural communities have become more predictable and can be monitored effectively. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how current advances in the understanding of climate variability, weather patterns and food security could contribute to improved humanitarian decision-making. The paper will propose new approaches for triggering humanitarian responses to weather-induced food crises.

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Drammeh, Wuyeh, Noor Aman Hamid, and A. J. Rohana. "Determinants of Household Food Insecurity and Its Association with Child Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 3 (December 25, 2019): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.02.

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Food insecurity is a global public health challenge. Household food insecurity is the leading risk factor of malnutrition, claiming approximately 300,000 deaths each year. Whether directly or indirectly, due to inadequate food consumption and poor diet quality, it is also accountable for over half of all deaths among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that the prevalence of food-insecure individuals in the area will reach 17 million by the year 2021. Inadequate nutrition may result in low immunity, impaired physical and mental development and reduced productivity among children under five years and throughout the life course. This review article attempts to discuss the various household food insecurity determinants and their association with child malnutrition in a Sub-Saharan Africa context. The purposes of this article are to inform governments, policymakers and service providers regarding the importance of household food security and its determinants on child malnutrition, and to plan strategies to improve the household food security status in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Müller, Marc F., Gopal Penny, Meredith T. Niles, Vincent Ricciardi, Davide Danilo Chiarelli, Kyle Frankel Davis, Jampel Dell’Angelo, et al. "Impact of transnational land acquisitions on local food security and dietary diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): e2020535118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020535118.

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Foreign investors have acquired approximately 90 million hectares of land for agriculture over the past two decades. The effects of these investments on local food security remain unknown. While additional cropland and intensified agriculture could potentially increase crop production, preferential targeting of prime agricultural land and transitions toward export-bound crops might affect local access to nutritious foods. We test these hypotheses in a global systematic analysis of the food security implications of existing land concessions. We combine agricultural, remote sensing, and household survey data (available in 11 sub-Saharan African countries) with georeferenced information on 160 land acquisitions in 39 countries. We find that the intended changes in cultivated crop types generally imply transitions toward energy-rich, but nutrient-poor, crops that are predominantly destined for export markets. Specific impacts on food production and access vary substantially across regions. Deals likely have little effect on food security in eastern Europe and Latin America, where they predominantly occur within agricultural areas with current export-oriented crops, and where agriculture would have both expanded and intensified regardless of the land deals. This contrasts with Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where deals are associated with both an expansion and intensification (in Asia) of crop production. Deals in these regions also shift production away from local staples and coincide with a gradually decreasing dietary diversity among the surveyed households in sub-Saharan Africa. Together, these findings point to a paradox, where land deals can simultaneously increase crop production and threaten local food security.

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Guina, José, Jorge Ferrão, Victoria Bell, and Tito Fernandes. "The Impact of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa Food Security and Human Development." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.2.267.

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Poverty, malnutrition, food insecurity, and hunger are social determinants of health, well-being, and when associated with other resource-related hardships (e.g., housing instability, energy insecurity) are serious and costly constraints to human development. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to the world’s poorest countries and most family farmers do not have access to markets, important determinant for economic development. African traditional eating has been related to sustainability and positive health outcomes although the scenario is shifting to modern occidental foods. Food fortification with micronutrients may not be the right solution when there is no data on basic dietary intake. Further to the long existing housing, energy and water crisis, family farmers living at subsistence level, their livelihoods and communities, are now facing deeper worries and sufferings on food supplies. Sub-Saharan Africa was faced with a myriad of hurdles, where climate change was considered the greatest challenge, until COVID-19. Urgent priority call for high-impact initiatives and recommendations that are feasible in each of the national contexts. Success will only be achieved through strong public investment on health sectors, agricultural extension services, irrigation, and rural infrastructures.

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Chanceline, Boutchouang Nghomsi. "Land Grabbing And Its Impact On Food Security In Sub-Saharan Africa." SocioEconomic Challenges 3, no. 4 (2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(4).72-85.2019.

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Over the last decade, the synergy between the financial and food crises has led to the emergence of new processes in the functioning of national economies – the seizure of agricultural land. On the one hand, the governments of most African countries, for the sake of their food security, import food and buy agricultural land overseas to organize their own agricultural production. On the other hand, the main purpose of multinational companies investing in land purchases is to generate more profit. This situation led to the rapid and complete privatization of agricultural land on the African continent between 2008 and 2010, while the locals were living outside poverty. The peasants’ right of access to land is no longer guaranteed, they have remained unprotected in their own territories. At present, exponential population growth and its needs are taking place, access to land and water is a crucial element of government. The purpose of the article is to analyze the probable conflicts in land relations arising from the transfer of land to multinational companies. The term ‘land grabbing’ means the large-scale acquisition (purchase, lease) of agricultural land by private individuals for commercial purposes abroad and in the long term (30-90 years) for agricultural production or biofuel production for export. The author of the article found that the products grown on these lands will be destined for the population of other countries, which is detrimental to the local population. Consequently, the seizure of land will in the future have negative socio-economic consequences for society: the destruction of farms, the exacerbation of contradictions between the rural population, the destruction of community fields beyond land acquired by foreign states and transnational corporations. In addition, the study concludes that, first, the seizure of land on the African continent through foreign direct investment, capital transfers, technology and job creation can help to increase the individual income and standard of living of the local population, and thus promote food security; secondly, the significant demand for food and biofuels in the world, population pressures and climate change are factors contributing to the improvement of product quality in the African continent. Keywords: land grabbing, food security, impact, rural agriculture, Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Ebadi, Narges, Davod Ahmadi, and Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez. "Domestic and International Remittances and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Remittances Review 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v5i1.842.

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The amount of remittances to developing counties, defined as the flow of monetary and non-monetary goods, has increased globally and has surpassed the amount of money spent on foreign aid in these developing countries. The impact of remittances on households’ purchasing power has been studied; however, its link to food security status is yet to be explored. This paper quantitatively analyses the relationship between food security status (measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale) and the receipt of domestic/ international or both remittances on households in sub- Saharan Africa. Data are derived from the Gallup World Poll from the years 2014-2017. Multinomial logistic regression models and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results showed that remittance recipients had significantly higher household incomes (especially if the remittance was coming internationally and domestically), lived with significantly more household members (7 or more members), and were more likely to be separated (including divorced or widowed). Households that received domestic remittances had significantly higher odds of being food insecure than households receiving no remittances. Conversely, households receiving remittances internationally or a combination of domestic and international remittances had significantly lower odds of food insecurity compared to non-receivers. This study found that receiving remittances affect the food security status of people living in SSA countries.

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Mwichabe, Situma. "The African Agrarian Ideology and the Food Security Challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa." Development 56, no. 3 (September 2013): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dev.2014.14.

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Maxwell, Daniel. "The Political Economy of Urban Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 27, no. 11 (November 1999): 1939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(99)00101-1.

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Blekking, Jordan, Kurt Waldman, Cascade Tuholske, and Tom Evans. "Formal/informal employment and urban food security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Applied Geography 114 (January 2020): 102131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102131.

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Fernandes, Tito, Carmen Garrine, Jorge Ferrão, Victoria Bell, and Theodoros Varzakas. "Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094221.

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The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. This article considers the valorization of traditional African foodstuffs and ingredients, enhancing the importance of establishing food-based dietary guidelines per country. The crux of this review highlights the potential of mushrooms, namely some underutilized in the SSA, which is the continent’s little exploited gold mine as one of the greatest untapped resources for feeding and providing income for Africa’s growing population, which could play a role in shielding Sub-Saharan Africans against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet.

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Kirkpatrick, Colin, and Dimitris Diakosavvas. "Food Insecurity and Foreign-Exchange Constraints in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00000161.

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The problem of food insecurity in less-developed countries (L.D.C.s) continues to demand the attention of the international community. Despite the progress that has been made in increasing the world's production of cereals and other major foodstuffs, many L.D.C.s continue to face immense difficulties in ensuring an adequate level of food supplies on a regular year-to-year basis. The current African food crisis has once again demonstrated the vulnerability of low-income economies to a sudden shortfall in supplies, and has highlighted the need for additional measures to strengthen food security in the Third World.

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Wei, Cheng. "Agroecology, Information and Communications Technology, and Smallholders’ Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 8 (May 7, 2020): 1194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620912784.

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As a bottom-up, grassroots paradigm for sustainable rural development, agroecology is particularly promising for smallholders in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, by adopting agroecology, smallholders will be challenged to take on new perspectives and compile and integrate different sourced information to innovate. Today’s fast evolving information and communications technology in sub-Saharan Africa represents great opportunities for rural populations to enhance the adoption and success of agroecology and to address their daunting challenges simultaneously while conserving, protecting and enhancing natural resources. Agroecology combined with information and communications technology will probably be smallholders’ “precision agriculture” in many developing countries to enhance their food security and livelihood.

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Thornton, Philip K., Peter G. Jones, Polly J. Ericksen, and Andrew J. Challinor. "Agriculture and food systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4 ° C+ world." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1934 (January 13, 2011): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0246.

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Agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa faces daunting challenges, which climate change and increasing climate variability will compound in vulnerable areas. The impacts of a changing climate on agricultural production in a world that warms by 4 ° C or more are likely to be severe in places. The livelihoods of many croppers and livestock keepers in Africa are associated with diversity of options. The changes in crop and livestock production that are likely to result in a 4 ° C+ world will diminish the options available to most smallholders. In such a world, current crop and livestock varieties and agricultural practices will often be inadequate, and food security will be more difficult to achieve because of commodity price increases and local production shortfalls. While adaptation strategies exist, considerable institutional and policy support will be needed to implement them successfully on the scale required. Even in the 2 ° C+ world that appears inevitable, planning for and implementing successful adaptation strategies are critical if agricultural growth in the region is to occur, food security be achieved and household livelihoods be enhanced. As part of this effort, better understanding of the critical thresholds in global and African food systems requires urgent research.

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Tuholske, Cascade, Kwaw Andam, Jordan Blekking, Tom Evans, and Kelly Caylor. "Comparing measures of urban food security in Accra, Ghana." Food Security 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01011-4.

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AbstractThe urban population in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to expand by nearly 800 million people in the next 30 years. How this rapid urban transition is affecting household-level urban food security, and reverberating into broader food systems, is poorly understood. To fill this gap, we use data from a 2017 survey (n = 668) of low- and middle-income residents of Accra, Ghana, to characterize and compare the predictors of household-level food security using three established metrics: the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS); the Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence (HFIAP); and the Food Consumption Score (FCS). According to HFIAP, 70% of sampled households are food insecure, but only 2% fall below acceptable thresholds measured by FCS. Only one household reported sourcing food from modern supermarkets and fewer than 3% produce food for consumption through gardening, farming, or fishing. Instead, households rely on purchased food from traditional markets, local stalls and kiosks, and street hawkers. Results from a suite of general linear models show that household assets, education, and demographic characteristics are significantly associated with food security outcomes according to HFIAS and HFIAP. The poor correlation and weak model agreement between dietary recall such as FCS, and experience-based food security metrics, like HFIAS and HFIAP, highlight limitations of employing historically rural-centric food security measurement approaches within the urban context. Given that Sub-Saharan Africa’s future is urban, our results add empirical evidence in support of the growing chorus of scholars advocating for comprehensive urban-oriented food security research and policy agendas across Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Steyn, Nelia P., and Alexander RP Walker. "Nutritional status and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Predictions for 2020." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 9, no. 1 (March 27, 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6047.2000.00138.x.

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Sibanda, Omphemetse S. "Trade liberalisation and its impact on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 5, no. 1 (2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2015.067782.

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ten Berge, H. F. M., R. Hijbeek, M. P. van Loon, J. Rurinda, K. Tesfaye, S. Zingore, P. Craufurd, et al. "Maize crop nutrient input requirements for food security in sub-Saharan Africa." Global Food Security 23 (December 2019): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.02.001.

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Boykin, Laura, Ammar Ghalab, Bruno Rossitto De Marchi, Anders Savill, James M. Wainaina, Tonny Kinene, Stephen Lamb, et al. "Real time portable genome sequencing for global food security." F1000Research 7 (July 18, 2018): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15507.1.

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Crop losses due to viral diseases and pests are major constraints on food security and income for millions of households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Such losses can be reduced if plant diseases and pests are correctly diagnosed and identified early. Currently, accurate diagnosis for definitive identification of plant viruses and their vectors in SSA mostly relies on standard PCR and next generation sequencing technologies (NGS). However, it can take up to 6 months before results generated using these approaches are available. The long time taken to detect or identify viruses impedes quick, within-season decision-making necessary for early action, crop protection advice and disease control measures by farmers. This ultimately compounds the magnitude of crop losses and food shortages suffered by farmers. The MinION portable pocket DNA sequencer was used, to our knowledge globally for the first time, to sequence whole plant virus genomes. We used this technology to identify the begomoviruses causing the devastating cassava mosaic virus, which is ravaging smallholder farmers’ crops in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Dake, Fidelia A. A. "Foodscapes in urban spaces of Africa: implications for food and nutrition security among the urban poor." AAS Open Research 4 (August 27, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13283.1.

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Food security has been a global development agenda for several decades, and rightly so: nearly 945 million people were food insecure in 2005 and a decade later, this number declined to 784 million in 2014, only to rise to 821 million three years later in 2017. These global figures, however, mask variations in the extent of progress in different regions of the world. Progress towards achieving food security has been much slower in sub-Saharan Africa, and the region continues to be the worst hit by food insecurity. Furthermore, it is increasingly being recognised that food insecurity is prevalent in urban, and not just rural areas, and that the urban poor rather than the rural poor are particularly vulnerable, and at increased risk of being food insecure. Additionally, nutrition insecurity, a closely related component of food insecurity, is common among the urban poor and contributes to malnutrition. While several factors have been explored in trying to address the issue of food security, the potential role of foodscapes in urban spaces of Africa has been less researched. Recent evidence, however, indicates that foodscapes in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa potentially contribute to food and nutrition insecurity, particularly among the urban poor. Addressing food and nutrition insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa will thus first require reframing the discourse about these issues from solely a rural to also an urban problem, and secondly improving access, especially availability of healthy and nutritious options that are also economically accessible, for vulnerable and at-risk groups; in particularly, the urban poor.

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Kewuyemi, Yusuf Olamide, Hema Kesa, Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma, and Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo. "Fermented Edible Insects for Promoting Food Security in Africa." Insects 11, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050283.

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Efforts to attain sustainable nutritional diets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are still below par. The continent is envisaged to face more impending food crises. This review presents an overview of common edible insects in Africa, their nutritional composition, health benefits and utilization in connection with fermentation to enrich the inherent composition of insect-based products and offer foods related to existing and generally preferred culinary practice. Attempts to explore fermentation treatments involving insects showed fermentation affected secondary metabolites to induce antimicrobial, nutritional and therapeutic properties. Available value-added fermented edible insect products like paste, powder, sauces, and insect containing fermented foods have been developed with potential for more. Novel fermented edible insect-based products could effectively fit in the continent’s food mix and therefore mitigate ongoing food insecurity, as well as to balance nutrition with health risk concerns limiting edible insects’ product acceptability in SSA.

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Skoufias, Emmanuel, Katja Vinha, and Ryoko Sato. "Reducing Stunting through Multisectoral Efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Economies 30, no. 4 (January 12, 2021): 324–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejaa016.

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Abstract This paper lays the groundwork for more effective multisectoral action on reducing stunting, by analysing and generating empirical evidence useful for informing the joint targeting of nutrition-sensitive interventions in the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using information from 33 recent Demographic and Health Surveys, measures are constructed to capture a child’s access to food security, care practices, healthcare and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), in order to identify gaps in access among different socio-economic groups and relate access to these nutrition drivers with nutrition outcomes. Three main questions are addressed. (a) What is the extent to which children have inadequate access to the underlying determinants of nutrition? (b) What is the association between stunting and overlapping deprivations in adequate food and care practices, health and WASH services? (c) What are the sectors that have the greatest impact on stunting?

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Ferrão, Jorge, Victoria Bell, Luis Alfaro Cardoso, and Tito Fernandes. "Agriculture and Food Security in Mozambique." Journal of Food, Nutrition and Agriculture 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jfna.v1i1.121.

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The objective of this short review is to contribute to the debate on the role of agriculture transformation in the development process and as an engine to reduce poverty and improve general wellbeing through better access to nutrients in Mozambique. Agricultural services are organized by Provinces but still there is no accurate data on food production, consumption and trade trends in a large sample. It is recognized the complexity of the food security concept and the need of a multidimensional definition and approach. The increase in agricultural productivity can probably be seen as a necessary but not a sufficient condition to achieve long term food security in Mozambique or Sub-Saharan Africa. Competing views about the relevance of agriculture for growth and development imply different policy priorities in Africa.

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Na, Muzi, Meghan Miller, Terri Ballard, Diane C. Mitchell, Yuen Wai Hung, and Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez. "Does social support modify the relationship between food insecurity and poor mental health? Evidence from thirty-nine sub-Saharan African countries." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 5 (November 5, 2018): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001800277x.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the relationship among food insecurity, social support and mental well-being in sub-Saharan Africa, a region presenting the highest prevalence of severe food insecurity and a critical scarcity of mental health care.DesignFood insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Social support was assessed using dichotomous indicators of perceived, foreign perceived, received, given, integrative and emotional support. The Negative and Positive Experience Indices (NEI and PEI) were used as indicators of mental well-being. Multilevel mixed-effect linear models were applied to examine the associations between mental well-being and food security status, social support and their interaction, respectively, accounting for random effects at country level and covariates.ParticipantsNationally representative adults surveyed through Gallup World Poll between 2014 and 2016 in thirty-nine sub-Saharan African countries (n 102 235).ResultsThe prevalence of severe food insecurity was 39 %. The prevalence of social support ranged from 30 to 72 % by type. In the pooled analysis using the adjusted model, food insecurity was dose-responsively associated with increased NEI and decreased PEI. Perceived, integrative and emotional support were associated with lower NEI and higher PEI. The differences in NEI and PEI between people with and without social support were the greatest among the most severely food insecure.ConclusionsBoth food insecurity and lack of social support constitute sources of vulnerability to poor mental well-being. Social support appears to modify the relationship between food security and mental well-being among those most affected by food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Salifu, Gamel Abdul-Nasser. "COVID-19’s Impact on the International Political Economy of Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Research in World Economy 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v12n1p379.

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International political economy of food security has become a central theme in the development narrative, providing a lens through which contemporary challenges of development are intergrated, rationalized and synthetized for sustainable and equitable development. The paper explores the prominent role of food security in development narratives, but in broader conceptions of state and its social contracts. From the analysis of the spatio-temporal evolutions of households’ strategies for coping wth food insecurity and hunger, this paper clearly argues that food security defined as “access to enough preferred food” is fundamentally political. This study offers a set of different approaches to understanding the dynamics of food politics, grounded in broader theorectical traditions of power politics in food governance. The approaches are evaluated through an identification and analysis of a set of problematiques in food security governance gleaned from an overview of the major literature of note in food security and agricultural economics. The micropolitics of food that work in different constellations of ethnic power to perpetuate food insecurity are well outlined. The paper build upon this tensions by further questioning the regimes of power and how dominant political interests exercise themselves in corporate power structures, dismantling socially-oriented state approaches for enhancing food security. The relevance of intergrating the emerging dimensions of food politics and power, concerned with control of resources and opportunities for food production are also highlighted. With the politics of power not only concerned with material domination but directing rural people’s beliefs, values, behaviours and practices. As well as elaborating on the dorminant issues of food politics that have co-opted to increase food insecurity, the paper outlines alternative visions that are diverse and even incompatible on epistemological grounds. In so doing, the paper argues for triangulation of new ideas to shine the light from different angles to achieve sustainable and equitable food security in the Covid-19 era of food crises and deprivation. In this vein, the review, examines the impact of the mobility restraints set in 2020 by local governments to stem the spread of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) on food security regimes in Africa, with particular emphasis on how the move has disrupted economies worldwide, disproportionately affecting livelihoods already threatened by poverty and hunger. Whilst the sections heretofore articulate the synergies between food and politics, so much is shared that this review reflects a richer picture of the political economy of food security on the international front.

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Santpoort, Romy. "The Drivers of Maize Area Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa. How Policies to Boost Maize Production Overlook the Interests of Smallholder Farmers." Land 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9030068.

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Maize has become the second most produced crop in the world. Specifically, in sub-Saharan Africa, global statistics show that more and more land is being used for (small-scale) maize production to meet future food demands. From 2007 to 2017, the area on which maize is grown in sub-Saharan Africa has increased by almost 60%. This rate of expansion is considered unsustainable and is expected to come at the expense of crop diversity and the environment. Based on available literature, this paper explores the political and economic processes that contributed to the increased use of land for maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses population growth as an important driver. Moreover, it unravels some of the politics and narratives triggered by climate change that have paved the way for policy measures that aimed to boost maize production in the region. These measures, which often emphasize the need for increased production, the need for new technologies and resource scarcity, overlook the largest group of maize producers that are least powerful, but most crucial for food security in sub-Saharan Africa: smallholder farmers.

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Thompson, Heather E., Lea Berrang-Ford, and James D. Ford. "Climate Change and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 2, no. 8 (August 24, 2010): 2719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su2082719.

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Moreland, Scott, and Ellen Smith. "Climate Change, Food Security, and Population in Sub-Saharan Africa: Modeling the Linkages." International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses 4, no. 2 (2013): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/cgp/v04i02/37158.

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Wegenast, Tim, and Jule Beck. "Mining, rural livelihoods and food security: A disaggregated analysis of sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 130 (June 2020): 104921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104921.

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Baro, Mamadou, and Tara F. Deubel. "Persistent Hunger: Perspectives on Vulnerability, Famine, and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Annual Review of Anthropology 35, no. 1 (October 2006): 521–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123224.

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Maxwell, Simon, Jeremy Swift, and Margaret Buchanan-Smith. "Is Food Security Targeting Possible in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from North Sudan." IDS Bulletin 21, no. 3 (July 1990): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1990.mp21003006.x.

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Oyo, Benedict, and Billy Mathias Kalema. "A System Dynamics Model for Subsistence Farmers' Food Security Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2016010102.

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Food security at subsistence farmers' level in sub-Saharan Africa has become an issue of concern due to increasing vulnerability caused by a number of factors such as: changing climate, resource scarcity (e.g. land and inputs), environmental degradation (e.g. declining soil fertility, deforestation, and surface water eutrophication), market failures and weak public/donor support initiatives. In light of these challenges, farmers must be prepared to survive by self-provisioning. To pursue the fastest and most practical route to improved food security, focus should be on resilience based initiatives at household and community levels. In this paper, the authors investigate the factors that have enabled subsistence farmers to succeed despite the previous shocks and stresses, and develop a system dynamics model for sustainable food security based on initiatives exclusive to the farmers. The model is used to examine the question: how can innovative subsistence farmers engage in better livelihood and market orientated production irrespective of external public or donor support?

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Matthew Makinde, Oluwadamilola, Osebhahiemen Odion Ikhimiukor, and Stephen Fapohunda. "Bioprocess engineering and genetically modified foods: tackling food insecurity in Africa." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 8 (2017): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040802.

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Bioprocess engineering today has made tremendous discoveries principally aimed at improving the overall quality of living of any society. Significant of these discoveries is the cultivation of genetically modified foods (GM foods). This paper discusses the problem of food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the practicability of GM foods in ameliorating this problem. In SSA, food security is currently being threatened by several factors ranging from natural systems that cause environmental deterioration such as floods and droughts to anthropogenic exacerbations ranging from poor land and agricultural management policies; increase in social and economic inequality; terrorism, civic unrest, strife and wars and rapid population growth and demographic changes, amongst others. Drawbacks to the poor food security in SSA is majorly associated with malnutrition and corresponding loss in human capita productivity in the region. Statistics currently portray that one in four persons in Africa is undernourished. Hence, the timely need for disruption in current trends is imperative. The growth of GM foods has seen an exponential increase worldwide, with over 179.7 million hectares being planted, this trend is however very poor in SSA. The pros, cons and hindrances influencing the use of GM foods in SSA have been discussed. It is the opinion of the authors that the use of Biotech improved foods in curbing the food crisis in SSA should be explored and committed to by the African Union, alongside amendment of policies that promulgate weaknesses of agricultural institutional in African Nations.

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Tayal, Deeksha. "Gender inequality, reproductive rights and food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa – a panel data study." International Journal of Development Issues 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-10-2018-0165.

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Purpose This paper aims to suggest that gender inequality plays a significant role in explaining the prevailing magnitudes of food insecurity in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides empirical evidence for the underlying hypothesis that removing discrimination against women, particularly, with respect to their reproductive health and rights, depicted in high adolescent fertility rates and maternal deaths, will be an important pre-condition for addressing the hunger and undernourishment challenge in the region. A theoretical linkage has been conceptualised and supported through findings from panel data analysis of a set of 20 countries in the region, over a period of 16 years (from 1999 to 2015). The key result is that the relative impact of health inequality on food insecurity is higher and significant, in comparison to disparities in education and economic participation of women. A unit increase in adolescent fertility rate leads to an increase in undernourishment by 19.4 per cent, depth of food deficit by 1.15 per cent and a decline in average dietary energy adequacy by 0.21 per cent. Design/methodology/approach In the paper, time series data set for 20 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa is generated by using world development indicators (World Bank) of gender inequality and food security statistics of Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Data set involves trends in variables over a period of 16 years (1999 to 2015). A panel regression analysis with fixed effects is undertaken for testing the underlying hypothesis. To capture the linkage in a detailed manner, the author has fitted four models for each of the three measures of food security. First model captures the specific impact of gender differences in secondary school enrolment on food security in the region. Second model assesses the impact of gender inequality in labour force participation, and the third model explores the impact of health inequality in terms of adolescent fertility and maternal mortality on food security indicators. In the final model, the relative impact of all the four gender inequality indicators on magnitude of food insecurity in the study region is assessed. Findings The findings from panel data analysis provide empirical support to our hypothesis that gender disparities prevailing in Sub-Saharan Africa have an adverse impact on the level of food security in the region. Individually, increase in both, gender parity in secondary education and ratio of female to male labour force participation rate, has a negative influence on prevalence of undernourishment and depth of food deficit in the region. But, when the relative impact of gender inequality in education, economic participation and health are considered together in a single model, adolescent fertility rate, followed by maternal mortality ratio became the two most important indicators negatively influencing the magnitude of food security in SSA. A unit increase in adolescent fertility rate, leads to an increase in undernourishment by 19.4 per cent, depth of food deficit by 1.15 per cent and a decline in average dietary energy adequacy by 0.21 per cent. Research limitations/implications Scarcity of continuous time series data for the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa limits the scope of analysis. Social implications Government policies and programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa must focus on successful implementation of sexual and reproductive health and rights of women, as underlined in Goal 3 of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This would require deeper levels of interventions aimed at transforming gender roles and relations through involvement of men and boys as partners. Elimination of sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls, and ensuring easy and affordable access to sexual and reproductive health services, particularly in fragile and conflict affected areas, are some of the important measures which may facilitate movement of the countries in the region, towards the target set by SDG 3. Originality/value Indisputably, women play a key role in a nation’s food economy, not only as food producers and income earners but also as food distributors and consumers. Nevertheless, they face discrimination in every dimension and phase of life, which hampers their ability to successfully fulfill this responsibility. The paper provides a theoretical linkage and empirical evidence on the underlying hypothesis that targeting various forms of gender disparities in the African sub-continent, particularly those relating to reproductive health and rights of women will pave the way for reducing the magnitude of hunger and food insecurity in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa. Few papers in my knowledge have explored the linkage between gender inequality and food insecurity, but none have empirically emphasised the reproductive health dimension of this association.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Food security – Africa, Sub-Saharan'

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