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Journal articles on the topic 'Food security – Tanzania – Zanzibar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Jacobs, Zoe L., Fatma Jebri, Meric Srokosz, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Stuart C. Painter, Francesco Nencioli, Kennedy Osuka, et al. "A Major Ecosystem Shift in Coastal East African Waters During the 1997/98 Super El Niño as Detected Using Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193127.

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Under the impact of natural and anthropogenic climate variability, upwelling systems are known to change their properties leading to associated regime shifts in marine ecosystems. These often impact commercial fisheries and societies dependent on them. In a region where in situ hydrographic and biological marine data are scarce, this study uses a combination of remote sensing and ocean modelling to show how a stable seasonal upwelling off the Kenyan coast shifted into the territorial waters of neighboring Tanzania under the influence of the unique 1997/98 El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. The formation of an anticyclonic gyre adjacent to the Kenyan/Tanzanian coast led to a reorganization of the surface currents and caused the southward migration of the Somali–Zanzibar confluence zone and is attributed to anomalous wind stress curl over the central Indian Ocean. This caused the lowest observed chlorophyll-a over the North Kenya banks (Kenya), while it reached its historical maximum off Dar Es Salaam (Tanzanian waters). We demonstrate that this situation is specific to the 1997/98 El Niño when compared with other the super El-Niño events of 1972,73, 1982–83 and 2015–16. Despite the lack of available fishery data in the region, the local ecosystem changes that the shift of this upwelling may have caused are discussed based on the literature. The likely negative impacts on local fish stocks in Kenya, affecting fishers’ livelihoods and food security, and the temporary increase in pelagic fishery species’ productivity in Tanzania are highlighted. Finally, we discuss how satellite observations may assist fisheries management bodies to anticipate low productivity periods, and mitigate their potentially negative economic impacts.

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Omar, Hassan, and Pedro Cabral. "Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Land Cover Changes: A Case of Zanzibar (Tanzania)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193114.

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Land use and land cover (LULC) under improper land management is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa and has drastically affected ecological security. Addressing environmental impacts related to this challenge requires efficient planning strategies based on the measured information of land use patterns. This study assessed the ecological risk index (ERI) of Zanzibar based on LULC. A random forest classifier was used to classify three Landsat images of Zanzibar for the years 2003, 2009, and 2018. Then, a land change model was employed to simulate the LULC changes for 2027 under a business-as-usual (BAU), conservation, and extreme scenarios. Results showed that the built-up areas and farmland of Zanzibar Island have increased constantly, while the natural grassland and forest cover have decreased. The forest, agricultural, and grassland were highly fragmented into several small patches. The ERI of Zanzibar Island increased at a constant rate and, if the current trend continues, this index will increase by up to 8.9% in 2027 under an extreme scenario. If a conservation scenario is adopted, the ERI will increase by 4.6% whereas if a BAU policy is followed, this value will increase by 6.2%. This study provides authorities with useful information to understand better the ecological processes and LULC dynamics and prevent unmanaged growth and haphazard development of informal housing and infrastructure.

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Assey, V. D., T. Greiner, R. K. Mzee, H. Abuu, C. Mgoba, S. Kimboka, and S. Peterson. "Iodine Deficiency Persists in the Zanzibar Islands of Tanzania." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 27, no. 4 (December 2006): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650602700402.

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4

Herrmann, Raoul, Ephraim Nkonya, and Anja Faße. "Food value chain linkages and household food security in Tanzania." Food Security 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2018): 827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0792-5.

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Arndt, Channing, William Farmer, Kenneth Strzepek, and James Thurlow. "Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Tanzania." Review of Development Economics 16, no. 3 (July 13, 2012): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2012.00669.x.

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Wenban-Smith, Hugh, Anja Faße, and Ulrike Grote. "Food security in Tanzania: the challenge of rapid urbanisation." Food Security 8, no. 5 (September 8, 2016): 973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0612-8.

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7

Schindler, Jana, Frieder Graef, Hannes Jochen König, and Devotha Mchau. "Developing community-based food security criteria in rural Tanzania." Food Security 9, no. 6 (November 19, 2016): 1285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0627-1.

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Lyakurwa, Ladigracia, Bonhee Chung, Deukjong Bae, and Youngkyoo Joo. "Factors affecting the household food security in Dodoma Municipal, Tanzania." Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development 25s (February 15, 2016): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18350/ipaid.2016.25s.185.

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9

Chipungahelo, Monica Samuel. "Knowledge sharing strategies on traditional vegetables for supporting food security in Kilosa District, Tanzania." Library Review 64, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-10-2014-0105.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge sharing on traditional vegetables for supporting food security among farmers and other communities in Kilosa district, Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach – A case study design was employed. Semi-structured questionnaires with both open- and closed-ended questions were used to collect quantitative data in three wards of Kilosa District in Tanzania. Interviews were used to collect qualitative data from three heads of farmer groups, and direct observation was used to validate findings obtained from questionnaires. Findings – The results showed that farmers used a socialisation approach to share indigenous knowledge about traditional vegetables on production, consumption and preservation. Research limitations/implications – The study necessitates a need to conduct regular studies on sharing knowledge of traditional vegetables among different communities for supporting food security. Practical implications – The paper provides a framework for agricultural development planners on how to improve the management of indigenous knowledge on traditional vegetables with scientific knowledge in local communities for improving food security in Tanzania. Social implications – The paper has an implication for improving knowledge-sharing strategies on traditional vegetables in supporting food security in Tanzania, and other parts of Africa and developed countries. There is a need for knowledge intermediaries to develop knowledge database on production, consumption and preservation of traditional vegetable to increase the dissemination of this knowledge and, hence, improve nutrition and food security. Originality/value – The paper provides appropriate knowledge-sharing strategies which are needed to improve sharing of indigenous knowledge about traditional vegetables in Tanzania and other developed and developing countries.

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Shole, Robert N., and Kim A. Kayunze. "The Linkage between Institutional Changes and Food Security in Mtwara Region, Tanzania." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v6i1.471.

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This study focuses on the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. Institutional changes in terms of increase numbers of financial, commercial, hospitalizes, education, infrastructures and improved moral and altitudes of farmers have a direct relation with food availability and accessibility. Both formal and informal institutions have potentials to help improvement of food availability and accessibility. However, despite institutions dealing with food security having changed in Mtwara, food security is low. The fundamental question is which one among these institutions, has high impact on food security.This study sought to determine the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. The specific objectives of the study were to identify institutions existing and their functions at household level, analyze various sources of food grains and states of food security at the household level in Mtwara region, and assess the linkages between institutional changes and food security. Structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries (text and photography). Findings revealed that financial institutions and education have high impact on food security in the study area. Generally, this study concluded that banks, SACCOS, traditions (moral, attitudes, beliefs), and roadshave slightly difference effect on food security. Since 2010these institutions had been increased and improved and have a direct relation with food security.It is recommended that the, government and other stakeholders should create true transformation in rural people to provide them decent jobs, good living conditions, and different opportunities in order to maintain youth to stay in rural area for maximizing the food production. Further studies should be done on the factors influencing people to stay in rural areas in which agricultural activities are being done.

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Schindler, Jana, Frieder Graef, Hannes Jochen König, Devotha Mchau, Paul Saidia, and Stefan Sieber. "Sustainability impact assessment to improve food security of smallholders in Tanzania." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 60 (September 2016): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.04.006.

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Galiè, Alessandra, Nils Teufel, Amy Webb Girard, Isabelle Baltenweck, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Mindy J. Price, Rebecca Jones, et al. "Women’s empowerment, food security and nutrition of pastoral communities in Tanzania." Global Food Security 23 (December 2019): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.04.005.

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13

Haug, Ruth, and Joseph Hella. "The art of balancing food security: securing availability and affordability of food in Tanzania." Food Security 5, no. 3 (April 23, 2013): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-013-0266-8.

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Goldman, Mara J. "Challenging Nature: Local Knowledge, Agroscience, and Food Security in Tanga Region, Tanzania." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 98, no. 3 (July 2008): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045600802118756.

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Kaswamila, Abiud, Shaun Russell, and Mike McGibbon. "Impacts of Wildlife on Household Food Security and Income in Northeastern Tanzania." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 12, no. 6 (December 7, 2007): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200701670003.

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16

Bonatti, Michelle, Izabela Schlindwein, Marcos Lana, Nyamizi Bundala, Stefan Sieber, and Constance Rybak. "Innovative educational tools development for food security: Engaging community voices in Tanzania." Futures 96 (February 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.11.008.

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Thornhill, Stephen, Eszter Vargyas, Tony Fitzgerald, and Nick Chisholm. "Household food security and biofuel feedstock production in rural Mozambique and Tanzania." Food Security 8, no. 5 (August 13, 2016): 953–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0603-9.

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18

Sieber, Stefan, Frieder Graef, T. S. Amjath-Babu, Khamaldin D. Mutabazi, Siza D. Tumbo, Anja Faße, Sergio Gomez Y Paloma, et al. "Trans-SEC’s food security research in Tanzania: principles, research models and assumptions." Food Security 9, no. 6 (December 2017): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0745-4.

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19

Fedeo, Ignas. "Nyerere in Eyes of his Critics." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 4, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v4i1.13135.

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There are a number of positive ideals about Mwalimu Julius Nyerere in the literatures. His ideals includes among others his devotion for peace, security, unity and democracy. However, the ideals do not limit the visibility of his negative traits. This paper specially examines the criticisms against Nyerere. The paper looks at the portrayal of Nyerere in number literatures from his critics. It examines the literatures against Nyerere in number of issues including his role in the decolonization struggle, the situation of democracy and individual freedom during his reign and his position towards Islamic religion and Zanzibar revolution. The paper establishes that most of criticisms against Nyerere are not refuted because supporters and critics talk about different things. Whereas his supporters put forward his role in building the nation, critics focus his in his economic failure and deprivation of individual freedom in Tanzania.

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20

Kissoly, Luitfred, Anja Fasse, and Ulrike Grote. "Intensity of commercialization and the dimensions of food security: the case of smallholder farmers in rural Tanzania." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-06-2019-0088.

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PurposeTransformation of smallholder agriculture from subsistence to more commercially-oriented production is one of the strategies advocated for improving rural households' food security and general welfare. The purpose of this paper is to assess potential differential effects of smallholder commercialization intensity on the different dimensions of food security.Design/methodology/approachUsing household data from rural Tanzania, the study employed Tobit regression and Generalized Propensity Score (GPS) approaches to analyze smallholder commercialization intensity and associated food security effects.FindingsResults show that smallholder commercialization has heterogeneous effects on the different dimensions of food security. Specifically, lower levels of commercialization are associated with lower food availability, access, utilization and stability. At higher intensities of commercialization, smallholders have higher food availability and access but modest improvements in food utilization and stability. Findings suggests that heterogeneous effects of commercialization on food security and the multi-dimensional nature of food security are important aspects to consider in the design of strategies to improve smallholder agriculture for enhanced food security and welfare.Research limitations/implicationsIt is important to point out that while food security is still a complex phenomenon, one that cannot be analyzed easily, so is commercialization. This study has used only one of the many definitions of commercialization.Originality/valueMost existing literature on smallholder commercialization groups farmers into commercial and subsistence-oriented households. However, smallholders commercialize at various levels of intensity. This paper, conversely, analyzes the potential effects of different levels of commercialization on the various aspects of food security. Further, unlike extensive literature that focus on a narrow definition of food security, this paper expands the evidence of the implications of smallholder commercialization on the different dimensions of food security namely, food availability, access, utilization and stability.

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Hadley, Craig, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, and Emily Fitzherbert. "Seasonal food insecurity and perceived social support in rural Tanzania." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007246725.

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AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether the occurrence of seasonal food insecurity was related to ethnicity, household wealth and perceived social support, and to assess whether social support was more efficacious in protecting against food insecurity in wealthier households. Secondary objectives were to assess the association between past food insecurity, current dietary intake and perceived health.Design, setting and subjectsA sample of 208 randomly selected mothers from two ethnic groups living in the same villages in rural Tanzania participated in a cross-sectional survey.ResultsFood insecurity was highly prevalent in this area, particularly among the poorer ethnic group. Half of ethnically Sukuma households fell into the most food-secure category, compared with only 20% of ethnically Pimbwe households. Among both groups, measures of household wealth and social support were strongly associated with food security. Interestingly, social support appeared to be more effective among the wealthier ethnic group/community. Past food insecurity was also related to current indicators of dietary intake and women's self-perceptions of health.ConclusionGreater social support is associated with food security, suggesting that it may protect against the occurrence of seasonal food insecurity. Social support also interacts with wealth to offer greater protection against food insecurity, suggesting that increasing wealth at the community level may influence food insecurity through both direct and indirect means. Seasonal food insecurity also appears to have lasting effects that likely create and reinforce poverty.

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22

Bysheim, Olivia, Elinor Margrethe Chelsom Vogt, Ingunn Marie S. Engebretsen, Naufal Kassim Mohammed, Torgeir Storaas, and Hanne Rosendahl-Riise. "Iodine status in women attending Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar: a matched case-control study." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 4, no. 1 (May 14, 2021): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000259.

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BackgroundIodine deficiency can have adverse health effects in all age groups affecting growth, development and cognitive functions as well as the incidence of goitre. Worldwide, the most important dietary source of iodine is iodised salt. In Tanzania, iodine intake has varied due to multiple salt suppliers producing iodised salt with varying quality. Zanzibar has faced challenges with the packing, storing and monitoring of salt iodisation, and universal salt iodisation has not been achieved. Furthermore, the number of available studies on the iodine status in Zanzibar are sparse.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to describe the iodine status of euthyroid female adult patients with and without goitre in Zanzibar.Design and methodsA single-centre matched case-control study was conducted among 48 female patients at the ear, nose and throat clinic of Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar. Blood samples were drawn for serum-analysis of the thyroid hormone profile to confirm that all patients were euthyroid prior to inclusion. Urinary iodine concentrations and the iodine concentration in household salt samples were analysed. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to describe trends in the dietary intake of iodine-rich and goitrogenic foods. Clinical examinations were conducted, and the patients were categorised into goitre (cases) and non-goitre (controls) groups.ResultsA moderate iodine deficiency (median urinary iodine concentration between 20 and 49 µg/L) was found in patients both with and without goitre. In total, only 35 % of the salt samples were adequately iodised. The salt samples from the cases had a lower average concentration of iodine compared with the controls. The FFQ revealed that the daily consumption of marine fish and the weekly consumption of raw cassava were more frequent in the cases than the controls.ConclusionThese findings suggest that iodine deficiency may be a problem in both patients with and without goitre in Zanzibar. The salt iodisation programme may require monitoring and implementation of satisfactory quality control practices as universal salt iodisation is yet to be achieved in Zanzibar.

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Das, Sachin, and Regina Laub. "Understanding Links Between Gendered Local Knowledge of Agrobiodiversity and Food Security in Tanzania." Mountain Research and Development 25, no. 3 (August 2005): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0218:ulbglk]2.0.co;2.

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Cordeiro, Lorraine S., Parke E. Wilde, Helen Semu, and F. James Levinson. "Household Food Security Is Inversely Associated with Undernutrition among Adolescents from Kilosa, Tanzania." Journal of Nutrition 142, no. 9 (July 18, 2012): 1741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.155994.

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Duda, Isabell, Anja Fasse, and Ulrike Grote. "Drivers of rural-urban migration and impact on food security in rural Tanzania." Food Security 10, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0788-1.

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Miraji, Kulwa F., Edoardo Capuano, Vincenzo Fogliano, Henry S. Laswai, and Anita R. Linnemann. "Utilization of Pepeta, a locally processed immature rice-based food product, to promote food security in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0247870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247870.

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Consumption of pepeta, a traditionally processed immature rice product, is common in Tanzania, where it contributes to food security as an early rice food i.e. when there is no other food available at the household while the crops in the field not yet fully ripe. Many production steps are needed to guarantee a consistent, good quality pepeta product, and this hinders its utilization in other rice-growing sub-Saharan regions. This study aims to gain insight into the pepeta processing knowledge and final product, and assess variations in the processing conditions and parameters across the study area. A survey among 257 Tanzanian processors and consumers revealed that the pepeta product is widely known, rated second (73.5% respondents) as rice-based food after wali (cooked white rice, (100%)) and linked to traditions of the communities in the study area. Harvest of immature rice grain, roasting, pounding, cleaning, and packing are the main process steps of pepeta production. Method of rice harvest, rice suitability for pepeta production after optimum harvest, dryness of grains and number of pounding as indicator to terminate roasting and pounding process respectively, and packaging materials used varied significantly across respondents in the study area. Reported criteria considered by respondents for product acceptability did not vary significantly across study area. The criteria include colour (76.5%), general appearance (60.8%), texture (64.7%) and taste (52.9%). Immature rice paddy and pepeta were sold at a higher price than mature rice paddy and white rice, respectively, which implies that options to facilitate pepeta processing through, for instance, standardization of processing conditions and parameters could lead to increased income.

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Jha, Srijna, Harald Kaechele, and Stefan Sieber. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Water Conservation Technologies by Smallholder Farmer Households in Tanzania." Water 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122640.

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In Tanzania, the increasing population coupled with climate change amplifies issues of food insecurity and negatively impacts the livelihoods of smallholder farmer households. To address these issues a range of water conservation techniques (WCTs) have been useful. However, the adoption of these WCTs in Tanzania has been limited due to many reasons. With the objective to better understand and identify the factors that significantly influence the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania, the study uses survey data from 701 smallholder farmer households and a bivariate logistic regression, to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive model for the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania that includes a range of individual, household, socio-economic, and farmer perception related variables (factors). The evaluation shows that 120 farmers (17.12%) adopted WCTs and finds the farmer perceptions of rainfall instability, household wealth, and food security to be crucial. The results suggest that policy interventions should encourage conservation behavior (especially when the rainfall is perceived to be uncertain), emphasize the economic and food security-related benefits of adopting WCTs, include strategies that make adoption of WCTs attractive to female-led households, attempt to reach greater number of farmers via social networks and provide better access to public funds for farmers.

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Kaliba, Aloyce R., Anne G. Gongwe, Kizito Mazvimavi, and Ashagre Yigletu. "Impact of Adopting Improved Seeds on Access to Broader Food Groups Among Small-Scale Sorghum Producers in Tanzania." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402097999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020979992.

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In this study, we use double-robust estimators (i.e., inverse probability weighting and inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment) to quantify the effect of adopting climate-adaptive improved sorghum varieties on household and women dietary diversity scores in Tanzania. The two indicators, respectively, measure access to broader food groups and micronutrient and macronutrient availability among children and women of reproductive age. The selection of sample households was through a multistage sampling technique, and the population was all households in the sorghum-producing regions of Central, Northern, and Northwestern Tanzania. Before data collection, enumerators took part in a 1-week training workshop and later collected data from 822 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The main results from the study show that the adoption of improved sorghum seeds has a positive effect on both household and women dietary diversity scores. Access to quality food groups improves nutritional status, food security adequacy, and general welfare of small-scale farmers in developing countries. Agricultural projects that enhance access to improved seeds are, therefore, likely to generate a positive and sustainable effect on food security and poverty alleviation in sorghum-producing regions of Tanzania.

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BUTLER, LORNA MICHAEL. "Challenging Nature: Local Knowledge, Agroscience, and Food Security in Tanga Region, Tanzania:Challenging Nature: Local Knowledge, Agroscience, and Food Security in Tanga Region, Tanzania." American Anthropologist 109, no. 2 (June 2007): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.2.410.

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Mtunguja, MK, DM Beckles, HS Laswai, JC Ndunguru, and NJ Sinha. "Opportunities to Commercialize Cassava Production for Poverty Alleviation and Improved Food Security in Tanzania." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 19, no. 01 (February 1, 2019): 13928–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.84.blfb1037.

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Letaa, Emmanuel, Enid Katungi, Catherine Kabungo, and Agness A. Ndunguru. "Impact of improved common bean varieties on household food security on adopters in Tanzania." Journal of Development Effectiveness 12, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2020.1748093.

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Ochieng, Nelson. "Enhancing Crop Commercialisation for Food Security in Rural Tanzania: A Case of Liwale District." International Journal of Agricultural Economics 4, no. 5 (2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20190405.13.

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Rudolf, Robert. "The impact of maize price shocks on household food security: Panel evidence from Tanzania." Food Policy 85 (May 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.04.005.

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Chegere, Martin Julius, Razack Lokina, and Agnes G. Mwakaje. "The impact of hermetic storage bag supply and training on food security in Tanzania." Food Security 12, no. 6 (July 10, 2020): 1299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01052-9.

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Brüssow, Kathleen, Anja Faße, and Ulrike Grote. "Implications of climate-smart strategy adoption by farm households for food security in Tanzania." Food Security 9, no. 6 (July 7, 2017): 1203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0694-y.

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Knueppel, Danielle, Carol Cardona, Peter Msoffe, Montague Demment, and Lucia Kaiser. "Impact of Vaccination against Chicken Newcastle Disease on Food Intake and Food Security in Rural Households in Tanzania." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 31, no. 3 (September 2010): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651003100306.

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Xiong, Wei, and Elena Tarnavsky. "Better Agronomic Management Increases Climate Resilience of Maize to Drought in Tanzania." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090982.

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Improved access to better seeds and other inputs, as well as to market and financing, provides greater harvest security for smallholder farmers in Africa, boosting their incomes and increasing food security. Since 2015, a variety of agronomic measures have been introduced and adopted by smallholder farmers under a program led by the United Nations’ World Food Program (WFP) called the Patient Procurement Platform (PPP). Here, we integrate a variety of agronomic measures proposed by the PPP to more than 20,000 smallholder farmers in Tanzania into 18 management strategies. We apply these across the country through grid-based crop model (DSSAT) simulations in order to quantify their benefits and risk to regional food security and smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. The simulation demonstrates current maize yields are far below potential yields in the country. Simulated yields across the nation were slightly higher than the mean of reported values from 1984 to 2014. Periodic droughts delayed farmers’ sowing and reduced maize yield, leading to high risk and low sustainability of maize production in most of the maize areas of the country. Better agronomic management strategies, particularly the combination of long-maturity, drought tolerance cultivars, with high fertilizer input, can potentially increase national maize production by up to five times, promoting Tanzania as a regional breadbasket. Our study provides detailed spatial and temporal information of the yield responses and their spatial variations, facilitating the adoption of various management options for stakeholders.

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Logan, B. Ikubolajeh. "P. W. Porter, Challenging Nature: Local Knowledge, Agroscience, and Food Security in Tanga Region, Tanzania." Human Ecology 36, no. 1 (August 3, 2007): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9122-9.

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Mason, Ryan, Patrick Ndlovu, John R. Parkins, and Marty K. Luckert. "Determinants of food security in Tanzania: gendered dimensions of household headship and control of resources." Agriculture and Human Values 32, no. 3 (December 16, 2014): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-014-9568-5.

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Mason, Ryan, John R. Parkins, and Amy Kaler. "Gendered mobilities and food security: exploring possibilities for human movement within hunger prone rural Tanzania." Agriculture and Human Values 34, no. 2 (October 4, 2016): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-016-9723-2.

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Magrini, Emiliano, and Mauro Vigani. "Technology adoption and the multiple dimensions of food security: the case of maize in Tanzania." Food Security 8, no. 4 (July 9, 2016): 707–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0593-7.

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Bai, Yan, Elena N. Naumova, and William A. Masters. "Seasonality of diet costs reveals food system performance in East Africa." Science Advances 6, no. 49 (December 2020): eabc2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc2162.

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Seasonal fluctuations in food prices reflect interactions between climate and society, measuring the degree to which predictable patterns of crop growth and harvest are offset by storage and trade. Previous research on seasonality in food systems has focused on specific commodities. This study accounts for substitution between items to meet nutritional needs, computing seasonal variation in local food environments using monthly retail prices for 191 items across Ethiopia, Malawi, and Tanzania from 2002 through 2016. We computed over 25,000 least-cost diets meeting nutrient requirements at each market every month and then measured the magnitude and timing of seasonality in diet costs. We found significant intensity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Ethiopia (10.0, 6.3, and 4.0%, respectively), driven primarily by synchronized price rises for nutrient-dense foods. Results provide a metric to map nutritional security, pointing to opportunities for more targeted investments to improve the year-round delivery of nutrients.

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Büdel, Thomas, Esther Kuenzli, Mathieu Clément, Odette J. Bernasconi, Jan Fehr, Ali Haji Mohammed, Nadir Khatib Hassan, Jakob Zinsstag, Christoph Hatz, and Andrea Endimiani. "Polyclonal gut colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and/or colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a normal status for hotel employees on the island of Zanzibar, Tanzania." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 10 (July 30, 2019): 2880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz296.

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Abstract Objectives For low-income countries, data regarding the intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) and colistin-resistant (CST-R) Enterobacteriaceae in the community are still scarce. Here, we investigated this phenomenon by analysing hotel employees in Zanzibar. Methods During June to July 2018, rectal swabs from 59 volunteers were screened implementing selective enrichments and agar plates. Species identification was achieved using MALDI-TOF MS. Strains were characterized using microdilution panels (MICs), microarray, PCRs for mcr-1/-8, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) and WGS. Results Colonization prevalence with ESC-R-, CST-R- and mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae were 91.5%, 66.1% and 18.6%, respectively (average: 2.2 strains per volunteer). Overall, 55 ESC-R Escherichia coli (3 also CST-R), 33 ESC-R Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 also CST-R), 17 CST-R E. coli and 21 CST-R K. pneumoniae were collected. The following main resistance genes were found: ESC-R E. coli (blaCTX-M-15-like, 51.0%), ESC-R K. pneumoniae (blaCTX-M-9-like, 42.9%), CST-R E. coli (mcr-1, 55%) and CST-R K. pneumoniae (D150G substitution in PhoQ). ESBL-producing E. coli mainly belonged to ST361, ST636 and ST131, whereas all those that were mcr-1 positive belonged to ST46 that carried mcr-1 in a 33 kb IncX4 plasmid. ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae mainly belonged to ST17, ST1741 and ST101, whereas CST-R strains belonged to ST11. Conclusions We recorded remarkably high colonization prevalence with ESC-R and/or CST-R Enterobacteriaceae in hotel staff. Further research in the local environment, livestock and food chain is warranted to understand this phenomenon. Moreover, as Zanzibar is a frequent holiday destination, attention should be paid to the risk of international travellers becoming colonized and thereby importing life-threatening pathogens into their low-prevalence countries.

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Isaya, Elizabeth L., Robert Agunga, and Camilius A. Sanga. "Sources of agricultural information for women farmers in Tanzania." Information Development 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666916675016.

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Women farmers constitute the vast majority of agricultural producers in Tanzania; however, it is not clear where they obtain information on modern farming innovations. Knowing these sources will enable the government and international aid organizations to more effectively channel information for increased productivity, leading to national food security, increased incomes for farm families and promoting gender parity in Tanzania. This study, which was carried out among 300 women farmers in Hai and Kilosa districts of Kilimanjaro and Morogoro regions respectively, aimed at identifying their sources of agricultural information. The theory that guided this study was Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations, especially Rogers and Shoemaker’s Source-Message-Channel-Receiver-Effect (SMCRE) model. The study, which yielded a high response rate of 96%, found that radio and agricultural extension workers were the primary sources of agricultural information for women farmers. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives (MAFC) should focus on community radio as the primary source of information dissemination to farmers and supply rural households with solar-powered radios free of charge or at subsidized cost. The finding that extension workers are women farmers’ second main source of information on farming innovations also defeats the general contention that male extension workers are inaccessible to female farmers. A peculiar finding was that even though women farmers have access to mobile phones they do not use them to obtain agricultural information, perhaps, because the MAFC does not have a system for farmers to call in for information.

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Emmanuel, Patroba Mhache. "The contribution of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) on food security in Mbokomu ward, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2017.2435.

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Mortimore, Michael. "Challenging Nature. Local Knowledge, Agroscience and Food Security in Tanga Region, Tanzania - by Philip W. Porter." Geographical Research 46, no. 2 (June 2008): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2008.00514.x.

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Pailler, Sharon, Robin Naidoo, Neil D. Burgess, Olivia E. Freeman, and Brendan Fisher. "Impacts of Community-Based Natural Resource Management on Wealth, Food Security and Child Health in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2015): e0133252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133252.

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Kissoly, Luitfred, Anja Faße, and Ulrike Grote. "The integration of smallholders in agricultural value chain activities and food security: evidence from rural Tanzania." Food Security 9, no. 6 (January 16, 2017): 1219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0642-2.

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Sieber, Stefan, Frieder Graef, T. S. Amjath-Babu, Khamaldin D. Mutabazi, Siza D. Tumbo, Anja Faße, Sergio Gomez Y Paloma, et al. "Introduction to a Special Issue: Regional Food and Nutritional Security in Tanzania – Methods, Tools and Applications." Food Security 9, no. 6 (December 2017): 1143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0744-5.

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Mgeni, Charles Peter, Stefan Sieber, T. S. Amjath-Babu, and Khamaldin Daud Mutabazi. "Can protectionism improve food security? Evidence from an imposed tariff on imported edible oil in Tanzania." Food Security 10, no. 4 (January 3, 2018): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0746-3.

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