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Journal articles on the topic 'Food – Standards – Great Britain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Beard, Trevor C. "The Dietary Guideline with Great Therapeutic Potential." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 3 (2008): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08044.

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Prescribing 'salt restriction' for patients with salt-related health problems - using diets measuring sodium content and portion sizes - has been notoriously unpopular and unreliable, and the only therapeutic alternative has been to prescribe diuretics. This article reports a new observation that total salt intake is low enough (sodium < 5 0 mmol/day) to be more effective and less troublesome than diuretics in people who follow the Australian dietary guideline to choose foods low in salt while using the definition of low salt foods in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Na =120 mg/100g). Low salt foods - eaten exclusively during human evolution - can usually abolish the severe vertigo of Meniere?s disorder as the sole treatment, and reverse the universal rise of blood pressure with age, preventing hypertension. This simple prescription for better food (a healthier salt intake) enables health professionals to obtain measurable and permanent clinical improvement in motivated patients. The full public health potential of better food will require a long period of gradual reform in food processing and the evolution of a new cuisine. Shoppers must know what they are buying, and Australia needs Britain?s traffic light labels that identify low salt foods at a glance with green lights for salt.

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2

Henry, C. Jeya K., Helen J. Lightowler, Caroline M. Strik, and Michael Storey. "Glycaemic index values for commercially available potatoes in Great Britain." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051571.

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The glycaemic response to eight potato varieties commercially available in Great Britain was compared against a glucose standard in a non-blind, randomised, repeated measure, crossover design trial. Seventeen healthy subjects (three males, fouteen females), mean age 32 (sd 13) years and mean BMI 22·3 (sd 3·6) kg/m2, were recruited to the study. Subjects were served portions of eight potato varieties and a standard food (glucose), on separate occasions, each containing 50 g carbohydrate. Capillary blood glucose was measured from finger-prick samples in fasted subjects (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the consumption of each test food. For each potato variety, the glycaemic index (GI) value was calculated geometrically by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. The eight potato varieties exhibited a wide range in GI values from 56 to 94. A trend was seen whereby potatoes with waxy textures produced medium GI values, whilst floury potatoes had high GI values. Considering the widespread consumption of potatoes in Great Britain (933–1086 g per person per week), this information could be used to help lower the overall GI and glycaemic load of the diets of the British population.

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3

Doherty, Edel, and Danny Campbell. "Demand for safety and regional certification of food." British Food Journal 116, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2011-0266.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between consumer demand for enhanced food safety features and regional identification of food amongst consumers across Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the choice experiment method to determine preferences for food testing standards, traceability standards, health and welfare standards, region of origin and price. Findings – The results show that substantial differences exist in preferences for the features between consumers in both countries. In addition, while stark differences are apparent between the two countries, in their preferences for food originating from their local region, the results suggest that consumers perceive significant substitutability between the enhanced safety features and the local regional label in both countries. Originality/value – This paper provides a unique insight into preferences for a wide range of enhanced food safety features amongst consumers in these two countries. This is the first study to undertake a comparison of these countries using the choice experiment method. In addition, the paper provides a thorough overview of how consumers perceive the relationship between enhanced safety features and region of origin of food.

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Matthews, Anne, Michael Nelson, Asha Kaur, Mike Rayner, Paul Kelly, and Gill Cowburn. "Where has all the chocolate gone? A national survey assesses the effects of recent legislation to improve the nutritional quality of English secondary-school vending." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 8 (March 23, 2011): 1394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001000371x.

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AbstractObjectiveObesity levels are rising in almost all parts of the world, including the UK. School food offers children in Great Britain between 25 % and 33 % of their total daily energy, with vending typically offering products high in fat, salt or sugar. Government legislation of 2007 to improve the quality of school food now restricts what English schools can vend. In assessing the effect of this legislation on the quality of English secondary-school vending provision, the response of schools to these effects is explored through qualitative data.DesignA longitudinal postal and visit-based inventory survey of schools collected vending data during the academic year 2006–2007 (pre-legislation), 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 (both post-legislation). Interviews with school staff explored issues of compliance. Product categorisation and analysis were carried out by product type, nutrient profiling and by categories of foods allowed or prohibited by the legislation.SettingEnglish secondary schools.SubjectsA representative sample of 279 schools including sixty-two researcher-visited inventory schools participated in the research.ResultsSchool vending seems to have moved towards compliance with the new standards – now drinks vending predominates and is largely compliant, whereas food vending is significantly reduced and is mostly non-compliant. Sixth form vending takes a disproportionate share of non-compliance. Vending has declined overall, as some schools now perceive food vending as uneconomic. Schools adopting a ‘whole-school’ approach appeared the most successful in implementing the new standards.ConclusionsGovernment legislation has achieved significant change towards improving the quality of English school vending, with the unintended consequence of reducing provision.

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Ryazantsev, Sergey V., Svetlana V. Rusu, and Viktoriya A. Medved. "FACTORS OF MIGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES DURING THE 2015-2016 CRISIS." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 4 (2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-4-02.

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The article examines the key socio-economic aspects of the migration crisis and highlights the main causes of mass migration to the European Union from Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The main characteristic of the economic situation in these countries is given and the significant problems faced by the donor States of migrants in the last few years are studied. Among the problems highlighted: high population growth rates, pressure on the environment by residents of Africa and the Middle East, limited access to resources, food and fresh water; the problem of unemployment; the problem of poverty and social inequality; high competition in the labor market; low salaries; difficult economic situation and problems in the financial sector. It is noted that these problem were the main cause of mass migration to Europe. Based on a detailed study of official statistics, special attention is paid to the level of unemployment and poverty, GDP level, the population growth rate, as well as the level of wages in Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. These indicators are compared to indicators in the countries of Eastern Europe. Their analysis shows that the standards of living in these regions is below average, that is why residents are forced to leave these countries for the European Union in search of a better life for themselves and their relatives. Among the countries that are of the greatest interest to migrants are: Germany, Great Britain, Ireland and so on.

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6

Tilesi, Francesca, Andrea Lombardi, and Andrea Mazzucato. "Scientometric and Methodological Analysis of the Recent Literature on the Health-Related Effects of Tomato and Tomato Products." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081905.

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The health benefits of tomato, a vegetable consumed daily in human diets, have received great attention in the scientific community, and a great deal of experiments have tested their utility against several diseases. Herein, we present a scientometric analysis of recent works aimed to estimate the biological effects of tomato, focusing on bibliographic metadata, type of testers, target systems, and methods of analysis. A remarkably variable array of strategies was reported, including testers obtained by standard and special tomatoes, and the use of in vitro and in vivo targets, both healthy and diseased. In vitro, 21 normal and 36 cancer human cell lines derived from 13 different organs were used. The highest cytotoxic effects were reported on cancer blood cells. In vivo, more experiments were carried out with murine than with human systems, addressing healthy individuals, as well as stressed and diseased patients. Multivariate analysis showed that publications in journals indexed in the agriculture category were associated with the use of fresh tomatoes; conversely, medicine and pharmacology journals were associated with the use of purified and formulate testers. Studies conducted in the United States of America preferentially adopted in vivo systems and formulates, combined with blood and tissue analysis. Researchers in Italy, China, India, and Great Britain mostly carried out in vitro research using fresh tomatoes. Gene expression and proteomic analyses were associated with China and India. The emerging scenario evidences the somewhat dichotomic approaches of plant geneticists and agronomists and that of cell biologists and medicine researchers. A higher integration between these two scientific communities would be desirable to foster the assessment of the benefits of tomatoes to human health.

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Ivanova, O., and M. Senkiv. "ACCESSIBLE TOURISM FOR ALL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 74 (2019): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.74.12.

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The Global Code of Ethics for Tourism promotes the right of all people to equality in access to contemplate the resources of the planet, which, in turn, is the main principle of accessible tourism for all. Modern approaches to understanding the concepts of accessible tourism for all are analyzed in this paper. Accessible tourism for all means that any tourism product should be designed irrespective of age, gender and ability and with no additional costs for customers with disabilities and specific access requirements. Role of the principles of universal design for accessible tourism for all is characterized. In contrast to the concept of accessibility, which only applies to low-mobility categories of the population and focuses on physical access to transport and buildings, as well as access to information, the concept of universal design emphasizes creating the same conditions convenient for all users, without impersonating some of them. Three main prerequisites for the development of accessible tourism for all in the European Union are determined and characterized, in particular, existing accessibility legislation and standards at the global, European and national levels, population ageing and increase in the number of people with disabilities. There is the problem in Ukraine of the lack of accessibility standards for tourism facilities and services, so it is important to learn the experience of the European Union. The European Union population is aging and this trend will continue in the future. This phenomenon is a major challenge for the society, but at the same time, it also represents a great opportunity for local businesses and for the whole European economy. Elderly people (65 years and older) are encouraged to travel by different motives: visiting relatives, gaining cultural or gastronomic experience, they are interested in traveling on cruise ships, relaxing on the coast, participating in sports events or ethnic holidays. They tend to spend more while traveling and stay longer. Tourists with disabilities, above all, make travel decisions based on the opinions of their friends, and rely less on special offers aimed at them. Online offers and printed brochures of travel agencies influence their decision at the same level. France and the United Kingdom have the most disabled people in the EU. The European Union is the main tourism destination in the world. Five its member states (France, Spain, Italy, Great Britain, Germany) belong to the top ten countries of the world on arrival of tourists. The map of the most accessible cities of the European Union is created and the quantitative distribution of these cities by country of ownership is presented. France, Germany and Sweden are leaders in the European Union by the number of the most accessible cities in 2011-2018. Among the 23 most accessible cities, only five are the capitals of states. At the same time, the city of Ljubljana in Slovenia was twice noted by the European Commission as one of the most accessible. Elements of the tourism chain include: tourism destination management; tourism information and advertising (preparation, information and booking); urban and architectural environments; modes of transport and stations; accommodation, food service and conventions; cultural activities (museums, theatres, cinemas, and other); other tourism activities and events. On the basis of the theory of accessibility chain structure and the tourism chain, the best practices of accessible tourism for all are analyzed using the example of the city of Lyon – the great business center in France, which in 2018 was recognized by the European Commission accessible in the European Union.

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Hotsuliak, Svitlana. "Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century." Law and innovations, no. 1 (29) (March 31, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-1(29)-10.

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Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on this issue is reflected in the works: Derjuzhinsky V.F., Busse R, Riesberg A., Lochowa L. V., Hamlin C., Shambara K., Norman G. Scientists have analysed the regulatory framework of individual countries in the medical context. Target of research. Identification of the essence and features of sanitary legislation (including international sanitary conventions, interstate agreements on sanitation and epidemiology) operating in the territory of European countries in the XIX century. Article’s main body. The legal and regulatory framework for sanitation includes a set of legal, technical and legal standards, the observance of which involves ensuring that an adequate level of public health is maintained. European countries in the nineteenth century devoted considerable attention to sanitation not only in domestic law, but also in the international arena. Health protection, sanitation and preventive measures are reflected in many legislative acts, for example, the “Medical Regulations” (Prussia, 1725), the “Law on Health Insurance during Diseases” (Germany, 1883) and, in Austria, the “Health Statute” (1770), the “Public Health Act” (Great Britain, 1848 and 1875) and the “Medical Act” (Great Britain, 1858) and the “Public Health Protection Act” (France, 1892). The legislative acts formulated the powers of sanitary authorities, and in the same period, works on the impact of ecology on human health and on the importance of a healthy lifestyle appeared. The State has a duty to protect citizens who have the sole property, their labour, but health is essential to work. Separately, it should be noted that in the middle of the XIX century elements of the international health system began to emerge in Europe. In particular, starting from 1851. At the initiative of France, a number of international conferences on sanitation were organized in Paris. Subsequently, such conferences were held in Constantinople (1866), Vienna (1874), USA (1881), Rome (1885), Dresden (1893). These conferences addressed various issues of sanitation and the fight against epidemic diseases. At the same time, the application of land and river quarantine in Europe was considered impossible by most delegates. Instead, the use of “sanitary inspection” and “observation posts” with medical personnel and the necessary means for timely isolation of patients and disinfection of ships was recommended Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the forms of organization of national health systems in Europe in the 19th century were diverse. Each country created and developed its own unique systems, different ways of attracting financial resources for medical care and health preservation. Thanks to the development of the legislative framework, water supply, sewerage, working and living conditions, sanitation and hygiene have improved. International cooperation to combat epidemics has made a significant contribution to the development of effective and progressive legislation in the international arena, and has greatly influenced the creation of appropriate domestic legislation in Member States, developing more effective models to combat epidemic diseases.

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Spence, Nicola, and Sam Grant. "Using International Trade Data to Inform the Plant Health and Biosecurity Response in the UK." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_06.

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Plants are essential for supporting human life, providing food, oxygen and medicine as well as benefits to health from interacting with nature. Plants also play a crucial role in ecosystems and in mitigating the effects of climate change. The importance of plants to humans and to the environment is gaining a higher level of attention in today's political and social landscape. The Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy will be updated this year to reflect upcoming challenges for maintaining high biosecurity standards while the Tree Health Resilience Strategy protects our trees going forward, allowing for adaption to environmental change and building resilience to future threats. Additionally, 2020 is the FAO's International Year of Plant Health providing a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant heath further on a global scale. Critical to biosecurity is the global trade in plants and plant commodities which may offer us the option to grow plants that are more suited to a future, warmer climate and thus more resilient to climate change, but which brings with it an increased risk of invasive pests and diseases. It is important that we protect our native species and minimise the risks of introducing new pests and diseases. The UK's plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the value of plants and trees, both as crops and forestry products, as well as ecosystem services and societal benefits. The UK is a net importer of plants and plant commodities and it is the role of the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate (PHSI) and the Forestry Commission (FC) to carry out checks on imported material. Given that there are over 1,000 pests on the UK Plant Health Risk Register the challenge cannot be understated. It is unrealistic to expect that we can provide effective protection from all pests and diseases so potentially serious pests which are identified by the UK Plant Health Risk Group are subject to a detailed pest risk analysis (PRA) following internationally agreed methodologies. Import inspections are risk-based and use the outcomes of the PRA as the basis for focusing resource to the highest threats. The experimental statistics released by Defra in March 2020 'Plant Health – international trade and controlled consignments, 2014–2018' were developed to address some of the evidence gaps around plant health related trade and the value of plant health, and to provide users with information on the work of import inspectors.

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10

Fallows, Stephen J. "Food standards in Britain: derivation and potential." Food Policy 10, no. 2 (May 1985): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(85)90007-7.

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Kharitonov, Valeriy I. "Experimental study of effectiveness of ear protection devices for prevention of intense noise exposure." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 26, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2018264484-492.

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Occupational neurosensory deafness is one of central problems in the occupational medicine. Hearing loss associated with professional activity is the leading occupational disease with the permanently increasing share. In the industries with a very high level of noise it is recommended to use a combination of earplugs and earmuffs, and to control the condition of the ear analyzer, which provided a 3-fold increase in regular use of anti-noise earplugs. Aim. To evaluates effectiveness of sound damping capacity of ear protectors and of their combinations on exposure to intermittent and impulse noise. Materials and Methods. Several types of ear protectors of domestic and foreign manufacture were studied: earplugs of Berushi (Russia) and EAR (Great Britain) types, ShZO-1 earmuffs (Russia) and also earmuffs in conjunction with KKA helmet (Russia). The study was conducted in compliance with the rules and regulations of the effective standards and methodical instructions in the conditions of laboratory experiments and of real production. In the experiment, noise exposure was modeled in anechoic acoustic chamber, after which audiometric research was conducted on test subjects. In real industrial conditions, dimension of levels and noise exposure at the workplaces and the condition of the auditory analyzer of workers were controlled. For subjective evaluation of the design and comfort of the used ear protecting devices and their combinations, questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Results. The results of the laboratory experiment and research work in the conditions of the real production permit to suggest high effectiveness of the evaluated ear protectors and of their combinations, and, taking into the account the criterion of preservation of hearing, the quality of hearing protection can be characterized as «good». Questionnaire survey of test persons showed a high sound damping capacity and convenience of the tested ear protectors and permitted to compile the data bank of comments and proposals concerning convenience of their use and their design. Conclusions. Laboratory and industrial studies showed a high effectiveness of the tested ear protectors and the possibility of their practical use in the conditions of real production with exposure to extreme levels of intense impulse noise, with the obligatory permanent monitoring of correctness and timeliness of their application.

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12

Buckley, Marie, Cathal Cowan, and Mary McCarthy. "The convenience food market in Great Britain: Convenience food lifestyle (CFL) segments." Appetite 49, no. 3 (November 2007): 600–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.226.

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13

Wycherley, Aoife, Mary McCarthy, and Cathal Cowan. "Speciality food orientation of food related lifestyle (FRL) segments in Great Britain." Food Quality and Preference 19, no. 5 (July 2008): 498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2008.02.006.

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14

Banerji, Sabita. "Ghazals to Bhangra in Great Britain." Popular Music 7, no. 2 (May 1988): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000002762.

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The cultural identity of the Indian subcontinent has survived countless onslaughts and displacements often by simply absorbing and Indianising alien elements. The many hybrids in lifestyle, language, food and religion spawned of Britain and India's long, love-hate relationship are a testament to this. And now the process is repeating itself in the new generation of South Asians born and educated in Britain. It is a unique generation, its acceptance or rejection of and by white British society will probably set the pattern for generations to come, and the musical fusion which voices their cultural duality tends towards mutual acceptance.

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15

Nottingham, Christopher J. "Recasting Bourgeois Britain?" International Review of Social History 31, no. 3 (December 1986): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000008208.

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In Recasting Bourgeois Europe, his study of the responses of the major States of Western Europe to the conditions created by the First World War, Charles Maier makes only, according to his standards, passing reference to Great Britain. Initially this must appear quite reasonable, for if one compares the post-war situation of Britain with that of most of Continental Europe it must seem that Britain escaped, or at least experienced with a greatly reduced intensity, the disorder which beset other nations. It might therefore be assumed that the efforts of the British political elite to adjust to the post-war world are less worthy of attention than those of their Continental counterparts.

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Cunnington, A. C. "Developments in Potato Storage in Great Britain." Potato Research 51, no. 3-4 (October 31, 2008): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-008-9113-2.

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Clair, Amy, Jasmine Fledderjohann, Doireann Lalor, and Rachel Loopstra. "The Housing Situations of Food Bank Users in Great Britain." Social Policy and Society 19, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746419000150.

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Food bank use in Great Britain has risen substantially over the last decade. The considerable socioeconomic disadvantage of the food bank user population has been documented, but little research has examined whether housing problems intersect with insecure food access. Using data from 598 households accessing assistance from twenty-four food banks operating in Great Britain in 2016–2017, we found that nearly 18 per cent of households were homeless, with more having experienced homelessness in the past twelve months. Renters from both the private and social rented sectors were also overrepresented in the sample. Households in both private and social rented housing reported high rates of rent arrears and poor conditions; those in private housing were also more likely to live in homes with damp, to have moved in past year, and to be worried about a forced move in future. Overall, housing problems are widespread among food bank users; policy interventions are needed.

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Tiffin, Abigail, and Richard Tiffin. "Estimates of Food Demand Elasticities for Great Britain: 1972-1994." Journal of Agricultural Economics 50, no. 1 (November 5, 2008): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1999.tb00800.x.

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Buckley, Marie, Cathal Cowan, Mary McCarthy, and Catherine O'Sullivan. "The Convenience Consumer and Food-Related Lifestyles in Great Britain." Journal of Food Products Marketing 11, no. 3 (December 5, 2005): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j038v11n03_02.

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Mellor, Nadine, Colin Mackay, Claire Packham, Rhiannon Jones, David Palferman, Simon Webster, and Peter Kelly. "‘Management Standards’ and work-related stress in Great Britain: Progress on their implementation." Safety Science 49, no. 7 (August 2011): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.01.010.

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Chychuk, Antonina. "The System of Teacher Education Management in Great Britain." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2015-0070.

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Abstract The system of teacher education management, namely, forms and principles of teacher education management according to the normative base (Education Reform Act (1988); Education Act (1992; 1993; 1996; 1997; 2002); School Standards and Framework Act (1998); Higher Education Act (2004), etc.), monitoring and participation of the public in its management have been analyzed. It has been proved that lately the democratization process in British education management has been combined with the increased attention of the state to monitoring, requirements to appropriate activity of educational establishments and trends seem to be forward education quality enhancing, democratization of evaluation, monitoring and information providing processes. Changes in education management in the historical context have been considered. The organizations participating in education management in Great Britain have been outlined. The data has been presented that enabled to distinguish similarities and differences in the functioning of the organizations participating in education management in Great Britain and ensure the existing of independent management authorities within them.

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Dawson, P. S. "Control of Salmonella in poultry in Great Britain." International Journal of Food Microbiology 15, no. 3-4 (March 1992): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(92)90051-4.

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23

Ricketts Hein, Jane, and David Watts. "Local food activity in the Republic of Ireland and Great Britain." Irish Geography 43, no. 2 (July 2010): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2010.514733.

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EDWARDS, FELICITY C. "Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace National approaches to safety standards: Great Britain∗." Ergonomics 30, no. 2 (February 1987): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140138708969727.

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Hyde, Robert M., Martin J. Green, Virginia E. Sherwin, Chris Hudson, Jenny Gibbons, Tom Forshaw, Mary Vickers, and Peter M. Down. "Quantitative analysis of calf mortality in Great Britain." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 3 (March 2020): 2615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17383.

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Malytska, Iryna D. "ВИСОКИЙ РІВЕНЬ ІК-КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ВЧИТЕЛЯ – ЗАПОРУКА ЦИФРОВОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ УЧНІВ (ДОСВІД ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ)." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 56, no. 6 (December 30, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v56i6.1534.

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In the article the approaches to the teacher’s, administrator’s and head teacher’s IC-competency assessment in Great Britain are considered. It is noted that the assessment process is based on the national standards, regulatory documents, as well as the “Model staff appraisal and capability policy”, developed and recommended by the educational institutions together with the Department of Education of Great Britain. There are described methods for the teacher’s IC-competency assessment, as well as the most recognized tools: Atomic Learning, Future Learn, TES Global, Network Computer at School and the Network of Excellence and etc.

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Rioux, Sébastien. "Capitalist food production and the rise of legal adulteration: Regulating food standards in 19th-century Britain." Journal of Agrarian Change 19, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12265.

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Alexander, T. L. "Seasonal management of farmed red deer in Great Britain." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 30, no. 1-2 (April 1991): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90122-e.

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29

Davies, Keri, and Leigh Sparks. "Food Superstore Retailing in Great Britain 1960-1986: On the Campaign Trail?" Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 15, no. 2 (1990): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622870.

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Olney, P. J. S., and D. H. Mills. "THE FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF GOLDENEYE BUCEPHALA CLANGULA IN GREAT BRITAIN." Ibis 105, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1963.tb02508.x.

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31

O’Hagan, Lauren Alex. "Packaging Inner Peace: A Sociohistorical Exploration of Nerve Food in Great Britain." Food and History 17, no. 2 (July 2019): 183–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.food.5.121084.

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Fousekis, Panos, and Brian Revell. "Food scares, advertising, and the demand for meat cuts in Great Britain." Food Economics - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section C 1, no. 3 (September 2004): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16507540410019674.

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Davies, Keri, and Leigh Sparks. "Planning applications for food superstores 1960–86: Great Britain and South Wales." Land Development Studies 6, no. 2 (May 1989): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640828908723981.

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Newell, Dianne. "The Politics of Food in World War II: Great Britain’s Grip on Canada’s Pacific Fishery." Historical Papers 22, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030970ar.

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Abstract Maintaining and transporting food supplies during wartime are crucial activities. How to fulfill these obligations often is an important point in determining a government's wartime trade strategy. An example is the case of Great Britain during World War II. Britain attempted to control the cost and quality of its imported foodstuffs by influencing the production, supply and price within supplying countries. British food missions were established to negotiate the best-possible agreements and to protect Britain's long-term commercial interests. This self-interest can be seen in the food programme established by the British Ministry of Food and in the negotiations with British Columbia packers for canned salmon. Britain needed this nutritious and practical foodstuff, but refused to enter into longterm contracts with Canadian suppliers. The British Columbia salmon was considered too expensive, and Britain wanted to return to the cheaper Japanese and Russian suppliers after the war. The ultimate result was that the BC salmon canning industry was seriously curtailed at war's end, and the very existence of the resource was threatened.

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Murjan, S., M. Shepherd, and B. G. Ferguson. "What services are available for the treatment of transsexuals in Great Britain?" Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 6 (June 2002): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.6.210.

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AIMS AND METHODWe conducted a questionnaire survey of all 120 health authorities and boards responsible for the commissioning of services for the assessment and treatment of transsexual people in England, Scotland and Wales, in order to identify the nature of the input offered and assess conformity to current international standards of care.RESULTSEighty-two per cent of the commissioning authorities responded and confirmed that most health authorities/boards provide a full service for the treatment of transsexuals, although this would be delivered at a local level in only 20% of cases. However, 11 commissioning authorities gave confused and inaccurate responses and three other health authorities appear to hold views on the commissioning of these specialist services that are not in keeping with the current legal situation and a recent High Court ruling, which establishes the right of transsexual people to NHS assessment and treatment.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSThere are discrepancies in prioritisation and provision of clinical services for this group that are not standard across Great Britain.

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Turner, Ian. "Great Britain and the Post-War German Currency Reform." Historical Journal 30, no. 3 (September 1987): 685–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0002094x.

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British policy towards Germany during the period of occupation aimed at preventing a resurgence of German military might in the future, whilst ensuring stable economic conditions in the short term. By mid 1946, however, the scale of the economic problems confronting the occupying powers in Germany had already manifested itself in the reduction of food rations and the consequent falling off in the output of Ruhr coal. The fragile economy was to suffer an even greater setback during the cruel winter of 1946/7. The immediate restoration of economic activity became imperative, not least because the dollar cost of sustaining the British Zone with imported grain weighed heavily on the British exchequer.

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Kjeldsen-Kragh, Søren, and Lu Wencong. "International Food Safety Standards: Catalysts for Increased Chinese Food Quality?" Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 26, no. 1 (July 17, 2008): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v26i1.928.

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During the last 10-15 years the question about food safety has increasingly been a topic of great concern nationally and internationally. Traditionally there has been a conflict of interest between the developed countries with higher food safety standards and the developing countries with lower food safety rules. As long as adequate international rules persist the view of standards as barriers should be replaced by the view of standards as catalysts for increased food quality. This article looks at the food safety issue in China, the largest developing country. The Chinese exports of food products have been confronted with trade restrictions because the products did not comply with the high food standards in the USA, the EU and Japan. These difficulties have contributed to a greater concern in China about the quality of the food products. In the last ten years a series of changes in the rules and in the administration have taken place. It is a complicated task because it touches the whole food chain. The article tries to cast light on these important questions. What have been the consequences of inadequate food safety regulations in China? What have been done until now to improve the food quality standards in China? What further initiatives should be taken to improve the situation in the future?

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Khesin, Yefim S. "The Impact of the Brexit on the Living Standards and Quality of Life in Britain." Level of Life of the Population of the Regions of Russia 16, no. 2 (2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr/2020.16.2.5.

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The Object of the Study. Living standards and quality of life of the population in Great Britain. The Subject of the Study. The Brexit. The Purpose of the Study is exposing the impact of the Brexit on the living standards and quality of life in the country. The Main Provisions of the Article. Following a June 2016 referendum on continued European Union membership in which 52% voted to leave and 48% voted to stay the UK government announced the country's withdrawal from the EC (Brexit). In March 2017 it formally began the withdrawal process. The withdrawal was delayed by deadlock in the UK parliament. Having failed to get her agreement with the EC approved, Theresa May resigned as Prime Minister in July 2019 and was succeeded by Boris Johnson, an active supporter of the Brexit. An early general election was then held on 12 December. The Conservatives won a large majority. As a result, the parliament ratified the withdrawal agreement, and the UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020. This began a transition period that is set to end on 31 December 2020, during which the UK and EU will negotiate their future relationship. The first round of negotiations between London and Brussels began in March 2020. The author investigates the consequences of the withdrawal of Great Britain from the EC on the living standards and quality of life, economic situation, labour market, social policy of the government. in this country. It analyzes on the impact of the Brexit on the major elements of human capital: education, science, health, living conditions, ecology. It found that short-term forecasts of what would happen immediately after the Brexit referendum were too pessimistic. Nowadays it is very difficult to give an accurate estimate of the future effect of the Brexit on cost of living in Great Britain – many essential issues in the relations between the UK and the EC remain open. Besides, the coronavirus crisis and lockdown measures may cause the grave damage to growth and jobs. Much evidence shows that in the medium- and long-term leaving the European Union damage the British economy and thus reduce the UK's real per-capita income level and may adversely affect jobs and earnings, income and wealth, life expectancy, education and skills, academic research, health status, environmental quality and subjective well-being in the UK. Finally, the author analyses the impact on the economic and social life in Great Britain of different Brexit scenarios after the end of the transition period. The consequences will differ sharply depending on whether the UK does a Soft or Hard (no deal) Brexit.

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Podstawski, Robert, Piotr Markowski, Cain C. T. Clark, Dariusz Choszcz, Ferenc Ihász, Stanimir Stojiljković, and Piotr Gronek. "International Standards for the 3‐Minute Burpee Test: High‐ Intensity Motor Performance." Journal of Human Kinetics 69, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0021.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to develop international standards for evaluating strength endurance with the use of the 3‐Minute Burpee Test. The results of 3862 women (Poland – 2502, Great Britain – 500, Hungary – 412, Serbia – 448) and 5971 men (Poland – 4517, Great Britain – 500, Hungary – 451, Serbia – 503) aged 18‐25 (mean age of 20.36 ± 0.94 and 20.05 ± 1.25 y, respectively) were collated between 2004 and 2018. The students’ strength endurance was evaluated in the 3‐Minute Burpee Test. The results were expressed on a uniform scale with the 3‐sigma rule which was used to develop the T‐score scale for the 3‐Minute Burpee Test. Men completed 56.69 cycles/3 min and women – 48.84/3 min on average. The best male participant completed 82 burpees, and the best female participant – 73 burpees. The majority of male and female participants (66.71% and 68.18%, respectively) were characterized by average strength endurance in the 3‐Minute Burpee Test (range of scores: 47‐66 and 37‐60 cycles/3 min, respectively). Very good strength endurance (76‐85 and 72‐83 cycles/3 min, respectively) was noted in the smallest percentage of male and female participants (0.52% and 0.26%, respectively). Similar studies should be carried out in other countries and in different age groups to develop objective international classification standards for variously‐aged individuals.

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Naylor, C., Kr Shaw, P. Britton, and D. Cavanagh. "Appearance of type B avian Pneumovirus in great Britain." Avian Pathology 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459708419215.

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Knight, T. M., D. Forman, S. A. Al-Dabbagh, and R. Doll. "Estimation of dietary intake of nitrate and nitrate in Great Britain." Food and Chemical Toxicology 25, no. 4 (April 1987): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(87)90123-2.

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Wrieden, Wendy L., Patricia J. Longbottom, Ashley J. Adamson, Simon A. Ogston, Anne Payne, Mohammad A. Haleem, and Karen L. Barton. "Estimation of typical food portion sizes for children of different ages in Great Britain." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 6 (June 2008): 1344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507868516.

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It is often the case in dietary assessment that it is not practicable to weigh individual intakes of foods eaten. The aim of the work described was to estimate typical food portion weights for children of different ages. Using the data available from the British National Diet and Nutrition Surveys of children aged 1½–4½ years (1992–1993) and young people aged 4–18 years (1997), descriptive statistics were obtained, and predicted weights were calculated by linear, quadratic and exponential regression for each age group. Following comparison of energy and nutrient intakes calculated from actual (from an earlier weighed intake study) and estimated portion weights, the final list of typical portion sizes was based on median portion weights for the 1–3- and 4–6-year age groups, and age-adjusted means using linear regression for the 7–10-, 11–14- and 15–18-year age groups. The number of foods recorded by fifty or more children was 133 for each of the younger age groups (1–3 and 4–6 years) and seventy-five for each of the older age groups. The food portion weights covered all food groups. All portion sizes increased with age with the exception of milk in tea or coffee. The present study draws on a unique source of weighed data on food portions of a large sample of children that is unlikely to be repeated and therefore provides the best possible estimates of children's food portion sizes in the UK.

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Baret, Christophe, Jean Gadrey, and Camal Gallouj. "France, Germany, Great Britain: The Organization of Working Time in Large Retail Food Stores." European Journal of Industrial Relations 5, no. 1 (March 1999): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968019951003.

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44

Wier, Mette, Katherine O’Doherty Jensen, Laura Mørch Andersen, and Katrin Millock. "The character of demand in mature organic food markets: Great Britain and Denmark compared." Food Policy 33, no. 5 (October 2008): 406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.01.002.

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45

O'Sullivan, Catherine, Joachim Scholderer, and Cathal Cowan. "Measurement equivalence of the food related lifestyle instrument (FRL) in Ireland and Great Britain." Food Quality and Preference 16, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2003.12.002.

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46

Zorochkina, Tetiana. "Innovative approaches to improving qualifications of the primary school teachers in the Great Britain." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-95-100.

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The article examines the approaches to improving the skills of primary school teachers in the UK. Criteria for upgrading and retraining UK teaching staff are highlighted. Teacher training courses are held at different educational institutions: at institutes of pedagogy of higher educational institutions, with independent advisory groups, with the Department of Education and Science, at teacher centers, with local educational authorities, at school. Short-term advanced training courses are divided into: one-day; three days; five to six day courses; vacation courses. Long-term courses include three-year advanced training courses. During the courses of advanced training teachers are engaged in research activities under the direction of university tutors. The main advisory and analytical body for teacher qualifications is the Royal Inspection Service. It has a widespread network across the country, comprised of local education departments. The inspectorate service is intended, based on the analysis of the quality of educational programs, to identify trends in the development of the system of advanced training, to predict the effects of planned projects, and to prepare recommendations for the Ministry of Education and Science to determine the most relevant and forward looking directions for improving the system of professional standards for teachers. The teacher education system serves a prominent system of public education. Understanding the need for organizing mass retraining of teachers in Britain has been growing in pedagogical circles since the last century, when intensive primary education was developing. Since then and to this day, discussions about the most rational ways of updating the teacher education system are not dying. The main advisory and analytical body for teacher qualifications is the Royal Inspection Service. It has a widespread network across the country, comprised of local education departments. Both local and national authorities of this service are actively involved in the analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of all work aimed at supporting and developing the professional skills of school teachers. The inspectorate service is intended, based on the analysis of the quality of educational programs, to identify trends in the development of the system of advanced training, to predict the effects of planned projects, and to prepare recommendations for the Ministry of Education and Science to determine the most relevant and forward looking directions for improving the system of professional standards for teachers.

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Boughen, Melanie, and Tess Fenn. "Practice, Skill Mix, and Education: The Evolving Role of Pharmacy Technicians in Great Britain." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020050.

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Pharmacy technicians’ roles are rapidly evolving in Great Britain (GB) as they undertake more extended activities with increased autonomy across the different pharmacy sectors. This paper compares the GB pharmacy regulator initial education and training standards recently introduced (2017) with the qualifications currently used in practice and discusses whether future qualifications will be ‘fit for purpose’. In this context, knowledge, skills, and competence are reviewed to assess whether they will meet the expectations and underpin the evolving pharmacy technician role as integral to healthcare provision. Based on drivers, policy change, and the changing GB healthcare landscape, effectiveness of skill mix is analysed to establish whether this is being optimised to support person-centred pharmacy in response to the challenges and pressures faced within the NHS. On this basis and given there is a limited evidence base, this review has highlighted a need for larger scale research to reassure the pharmacy and wider healthcare professions, and the public, that the evolving pharmacy technician role presents no increased risk to patient safety and contributes significantly to releasing pharmacists time for person-centred clinical activities.

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Wood, Claire M., Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Simon M. Smart, and Colin J. Barr. "Land cover and vegetation data from an ecological survey of "key habitat" landscapes in England, 1992–1993." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2018): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018.

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Abstract. Since 1978, a series of national surveys (Countryside Survey, CS) have been carried out by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) (formerly the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, ITE) to gather data on the natural environment in Great Britain (GB). As the sampling framework for these surveys is not optimised to yield data on rarer or more localised habitats, a survey was commissioned by the then Department of the Environment (DOE, now the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA) in the 1990s to carry out additional survey work in English landscapes which contained semi-natural habitats that were perceived to be under threat, or which represented areas of concern to the ministry. The landscapes were lowland heath, chalk and limestone (calcareous) grasslands, coasts and uplands. The information recorded allowed an assessment of the extent and quality of a range of habitats defined during the project, which can now be translated into standard UK broad and priority habitat classes. The survey, known as the "Key Habitat Survey", followed a design which was a series of gridded, stratified, randomly selected 1 km squares taken as representative of each of the four landscape types in England, determined from statistical land classification and geological data ("spatial masks"). The definitions of the landscapes are given in the descriptions of the spatial masks, along with definitions of the surveyed habitats. A total of 213 of the 1 km2 square sample sites were surveyed in the summers of 1992 and 1993, with information being collected on vegetation species, land cover, landscape features and land use, applying standardised repeatable methods. The database contributes additional information and value to the long-term monitoring data gathered by the Countryside Survey and provides a valuable baseline against which future ecological changes may be compared, offering the potential for a repeat survey. The data were analysed and described in a series of contract reports and are summarised in the present paper, showing for example that valuable habitats were restricted in all landscapes, with the majority located within protected areas of countryside according to different UK designations. The dataset provides major potential for analyses, beyond those already published, for example in relation to climate change, agri-environment policies and land management. Precise locations of the plots are restricted, largely for reasons of landowner confidentiality. However, the representative nature of the dataset makes it highly valuable for evaluating the status of ecological elements within the associated landscapes surveyed. Both land cover data and vegetation plot data were collected during the surveys in 1992 and 1993 and are available via the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5285/7aefe6aa-0760-4b6d-9473-fad8b960abd4. The spatial masks are also available from https://doi.org/10.5285/dc583be3-3649-4df6-b67e-b0f40b4ec895.

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Robinson, S. E., and R. M. Christley. "Exploring the role of auction markets in cattle movements within Great Britain." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 81, no. 1-3 (September 2007): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.011.

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Farrell, Sean, PJ-M. Noble, Gina L. Pinchbeck, Beth Brant, Anthony Caravaggi, David A. Singleton, and Alan D. Radford. "Seasonality and risk factors for myxomatosis in pet rabbits in Great Britain." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 176 (March 2020): 104924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104924.

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