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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Food standards'
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DeKryger, Todd Alan. "Food safety standards as corporate social responsibility a case study of infant food companies /." Diss., online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1683719661&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=3552&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Resource Development, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (Proquest, viewed on Aug. 20, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-208). Also issued in print.
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Klingenberg, Sanette. "Standards for the hand hygiene of food handlers / Sanette Klingenberg." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3734.
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Globally, investigations into food-borne illnesses show that the majority of cases involve poor hand hygiene of the food handler. The challenge of providing safe food therefore requires new strategies for evaluating cross-contamination of pathogenic micro-organisms on the food handler's hands, which might be detrimental or hazardous to the health of the patient Although food-borne diseases may be multifactorial in aetiology, no standards or evaluation systems, such as an occupational health surveillance programme, are available to monitor and ensure that food is free of pathogens. The formulation and implementation of standards may contribute to ensuring that food handlers comply with hand hygiene practices during food handling. Such practices guarantee that food reaching the patient is safe.
The objectives in this research project originated from the occupational health practice and gave direction of the empirical research project. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning the food handlers' hand hygiene during food handling and food-borne illnesses and the theoretical framework gave direction and guidance to the survey design of the empirical research, which was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The food handlers from the food preparation sections of the four major healthcare services in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province, South Africa, were the target population and the sampling method was all-inclusive (n=110). Eighty (75.47%) food handlers participated in the research project.
The design entailed three steps. The first was conducted with a questionnaire, to identify the food handlers' compliance with hand hygiene during food handling. The second step involved determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the food handlers' hands. The results were used for the formulation of standards for the hand hygiene of food handlers.
Finally, recommendations for practice, education and research were made. The implementation of these recommendations could contribute knowledge to the body of nursing and promote good hand hygiene practices in the healthcare service.Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Jaud, Mélise. "Food standards, finance and trade : five essays in international trade." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0007.
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Cette thèse comporte cinq chapitres et se divise en deux parties. La première composée des chapitres 1 à 4 contribue à l'évaluation de l'impact des normes Sanitaires et Phytosanitaires sur les produits agro-alimentaires. Le chapitre 1 étudie le lien entre la structure des importations européennes et la hausse des préoccupations de santé publique dans la politique alimentaire de l'UE. Les importations alimentaires de l'UE ont évolué vers une distribution à deux niveaux, avec peu de fournisseurs de plus en plus dominants et une frange croissante de fournisseurs marginaux. Le chapitre 2 développe un modèle de transactions basées sur la réputation, entre un acheteur et un fournisseur dans deux pays. Il met en évidence deux mécanismes pour lesquels une réglementation plus stricte affecte le commerce international. Le chapitre 3 lie le risque sanitaire des produits et les contraintes financières. Il établit l'importance de l'accès au financement pour la survie des exportations de produits agro-alimentaires «à risque» pour les entreprises africaines. Le chapitre 4 évalue l'efficacité d'un programme d'aide la mise aux normes SPS visant à promouvoir les exportations de fruits et légumes frais des entreprises sénégalaises. Malgré l'utilisation d'un riche ensemble de données et d'un large éventail d'approches, nous n'avons trouvé aucun impact du programme. La deuxième partie composée du seul chapitre 5 examine si les intermédiaires financiers peuvent agir comme un contrôle supplémentaire contre les exportations inefficientes d'une économie. Les banques poussent les secteurs d'exportation vers l'utilisation des facteurs abondants du pays, en lien avec l'idée d'avantage comparéThe dissertation consists of five chapters and can be divided into two parts. Part I, corresponding to chapters 1 to 4, focuses on the interplay between sanitary and phytosanitary measures and agricultural trade. Chapter 1 examines the link between the rising risk of food products and recent changes in the EU import pattern. It provides evidence that while there is a slight diversification of import sources over time, the overall trend hides diversification at the extensive margin and concentration at the intensive margin; the more so for risky products. Chapter 2 develops a model of reputation-based transactions between a buyer and a supplier in two countries. A stricter standard affects the volume of trade in two ways, directly it affects the supply of quality goods and indirectly through reputation. Chapter 3 documents the role of access to finance in determining the survival of "risky" agri-food exports for African firms. The increased availability of finance helps disproportionately more exports of products that require financing to comply with SPS requirements. Chapter 4 assesses the effectiveness of a product specific SPS-related program in promoting Senegalese firms' exports of fresh fruits and vegetables. Using a rich dataset and a wide array of approaches we find no significant impact of the program. Part II, corresponding to chapter 5, shifts focus away from the agri-food to the manufacturing sector and investigates the disciplining and allocative role of financial systems on export survival. It provides evidence that external debtholders push exporting sectors towards the use of countries' abundant factors, in compliance with the idea of comparative advantage
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Holleran, Erin. "ISO 9000, transaction costs and food safety in the UK food sector /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841151.
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Lee, Richard Philip. "Setting science-based international food standards : defining dietary fibre in the Codex Alimentarius Commission." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1644.
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The thesis presents a sociological analysis of international food standard-setting in the Codex Alimentarius Commission (the Codex). The Codex is an intergovernmental organisation jointly administered by the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The main activity of member governments who participate in the Codex is the negotiation of international food standards, which are referenced by W orId Trade Organisation agreements. Although international food standards are significant instruments which structure the agri-food system, little social science research has been conducted on the process by which such standards are set. In order to develop an in-depth analysis of the science-based standard-setting process, the thesis analyses a case-study of the attempt to agree a definition of dietary fibre within the Codex. Agreeing a definition of dietary fibre was a protracted and contentious process within the Codex, with important implications for food product development and the creation of new markets. Methods used in the study included: observations of meetings, document analysis and thirty-two interviews with scientists, government delegates and food industry and consumer representatives. In this case-study, the concept of epistemic communities - defined by Haas (1992a: 3) as " ... a network of professionals with recognised expertise and competence in a particular domain and an authoritative claim to policy-relevant knowledge within the domain or issue-area" - was deemed to provide a weak explanation for the standard-setting process due to a failure to address the conditions giving rise to particular knowledge claims. Instead - and following critiques developed within the sociology of science and technology - the analysis suggests that international food standard-setting uses scientific knowledge claims, but cannot be said to be wholly based upon science because of the constitutive entanglement of science and politics. The thesis argues that the production of a definition for dietary fibre followed a methodology of standard-setting that required dietary fibre to became a 'boundary object' (Star and Griesemer, 1989) - an identifiable object around which conflicting groups can co-operate because the object possesses just enough ambiguity to allow for multiple interpretations. The thesis concludes that, in this case-study, on-going scientific controversy does not prevent the agreement of a food standard - despite food standards being 'science-based' - if the standard in question can be negotiated as a boundary object. The thesis provides novel social scientific insights into a little studied, but increasingly significant, area of the agri-food system.
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Nguyen, Van Anh Wilson Norbert L. "Effects of food safety regulatory standards on seafood exports to US, EU and Japan." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1756.
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Spence, Suzanne Elizabeth. "An evaluation of the impact of school food standards in England on children's diets." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2815.
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Many children do not eat a healthy diet. In 2005, the nutritional content of school lunches in England received wide criticism. In 2006, a major policy change led to legislation specifying what food and drink could, and could not, be served in schools. This thesis considers the impact of the implementation of food and nutrient-based standards on children’s dietary intake at lunchtime and in their total diet, if the impact was equitable across the socio-economic spectrum, and if school lunch take-up changed. Methods Data collected pre and post-policy implementation in children aged 4-7y and 11- 12y were analysed. In the 4-7y olds, dietary data were collected on four consecutive days using an observational method in 12 primary schools, in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (n=385 in 2003-4; n=632 in 2008-9). In 11-12y olds, dietary data were collected from two consecutive 3-day food diaries followed by a researcher-led interview in six middle schools, in Northumberland, UK (n=298 in 1999-2000; n=215 in 2009-10). Linear mixed effect models were used to analyse the effects of year (pre and post-policy), lunch type (school or homepacked lunch), level of socio-economic deprivation, and the interaction(s) between these factors on children’s total dietary intake. Logistic regression was used to examine the change in school lunch take-up by year and level of deprivation. Results At lunchtime, children who ate a school lunch post-policy implementation consumed a lower per cent energy from fat, saturated fat and absolute amounts of sodium. In the 4-7y olds, mean calcium (mg), vitamin C (mg) and iron (mg) intakes increased; in 11-12y olds, non-starch polysaccharides (g) and iron (mg) decreased. A child’s lunch type was associated with change in the total dietary intake in 4-7y olds; post-policy implementation children eating a school lunch had a healthier total diet compared with children eating a home-packed lunch. In 11-12y olds, there was limited evidence found that lunch type was associated with change in total diet. In both age groups children’s total dietary intake from ii | per cent energy saturated fat and non-milk extrinsic sugars remained above the recommended guidelines. There was some evidence that post-policy implementation, lunch type and level of deprivation were associated with differences in per cent energy from non-milk extrinsic sugars and vitamin C (mg) intake in the total diet of 4-7y olds; there was no such evidence found in 11-12y olds. Post-policy implementation, school lunch take-up decreased in both age groups. Conclusions The implementation of school food and nutrient-based standards in England has been associated with positive changes in children’s dietary intake at lunchtime. These changes were reflected in the total diets of the 4-7y olds but evidence was more limited in 11-12y olds. A key strength of this study is the unique evaluation of national policy enabled by the availability of preimplementation data. A key limitation is the use of repeat cross-sectional surveys; this limits the extent to which change in children’s diets can be attributed to the policy. Future regulation of school lunches should be evaluated prospectively. To improve children’s diets in all their complexity, future interventions also need to consider the social, environmental and behavioural contexts in which food choices are made or directed, both in and outside of the school environment.
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Leach, Jeremy Charles. "Food hygiene in public eating places : a comparative study of public and professional perceptions in the Wealden district of East Sussex." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302284.
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Lux, Nicole. "Measurement of compliance costs for US food quality and safety standards for European export businesses." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394149.
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Chemnitz, Christine. "The impact of food safety and quality standards on developing countries agricultural producers and exports." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16523.
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Der internationale Agrarhandel ist zunehmend durch Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards bestimmt. Standards definieren Regeln und Konditionen der Teilnahme an Wertschöpfungsketten und führen dadurch zu einer Umverteilung von Marktanteilen innerhalb dieser Wertschöpfungskette. Für einige Produzenten eröffnen Standards und Zertifizierungssysteme neue Vermarktungsmöglichkeiten, da sie den Zugang zu speziellen Marktsegmenten ermöglichen. Gleichzeitig aber ist der durch die zunehmend strengen Qualitätsstandards eingeleitete Prozess der Umverteilung begleitet von Marginalisierung und Marktausschluss. Dies geschieht, wenn bestimmte Produzenten die Anforderungen der standardisierten oder zertifizierten Produktion nicht erfüllen können. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit analysiert die in Wissenschaft und Politik wiederholt geäußerte Annahme, dass Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards ein spezielles Hindernis für den Marktzugang von Entwicklungsländern auf die Märkte der Industrieländer darstellen. Des Weiteren wird angenommen, dass in Entwicklungsländern insbesondere kleinere Produzenten Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards nicht erfüllen können und an der Marktteilnahme ausgeschlossen werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht die vorliegende Arbeit drei zentralen Fragen nach: a) in welcher Weise beeinflussen Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards die Marktanteile der Entwicklungsländer auf dem internationalen Agrarmarkt b) in welcher Weise wirken sich Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards speziell auf kleinbäuerliche Produzenten aus und c) welche Einflüsse entscheiden darüber, dass Produzenten Standards übernehmen oder nicht. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen, dass sich die Marktanteile unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsländer unter dem Einfluss zunehmend strenger Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards sehr unterschiedlich entwickelt haben. Weiterhin deuten die Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit darauf hin, dass ein starkes staatliches Engagement und die Einbindung des Privatsektors sich positiv auf die Fähigkeit eines Landes auswirken, mit den neuen Marktanforderungen umzugehen, was dann zu einer positiven Entwicklung der Marktanteile führt. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass die kleinbäuerliche Produzenten aus theoretischer Perspektive durchaus einen komparativen Nachteil in der Anpassung an bestimmte Standards haben können, wenn die speziellen Eigenschaften kleinbäuerlicher Produktionssysteme in Betracht gezogen werden. Diese zeichnen sich unter anderem durch die Schwierigkeit aus, Informationen über Standards und Zertifizierungssysteme zu generieren und diese zu implementieren. Dennoch zeigt die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit durchgeführte Fallstudie des marokkanischen Tomatensektors, dass die Größe der Produktion nur schwach mit den Anpassungskosten korreliert. Die Fallstudie macht deutlich, dass die Produzenten über die Anforderungen und Bedürfnisse der Käufer informiert sein müssen. Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, wie wichtig die vertikale Integration in die Wertschöpfungskette ist, um diese Informationen zu erhalten, da diese Informationen kaum horizontal zwischen den Produzenten kommuniziert werden.The agricultural trading environment is increasingly determined by food safety and quality standards. Standards define the terms of chain membership, imply rules and conditions for participation, and hence lead to processes of (re)distribution within the chain. For some producers, standards may open up new opportunities as they permit market access to particular market segments. At the same time, the process of (re)distributing market shares is accompanied by marginalization and exclusion, as standards may impose prohibitively high barriers for certain producers in terms of the short-term and long-term efforts needed for production under certification. This thesis aims to have a closer look at the concern voiced by many researchers that food safety and quality standards establish a particular burden for exports from developing countries and, within the developing countries, for the small producers. Coming from this starting point the thesis aims to establish a detailed understanding of a) how developing countries` export shares are affected differently by food safety and quality standards, b) the particular impact of food safety and quality standards on small producers and c) the compliance decision process standards at the producer level. Results of the thesis show that developing countries are a heterogeneous group that shows various different tendencies regarding market share development under the impact of strengthening food standards. In addition, the analysis showed that “being small” in terms of export quantity at the country level does not necessarily lead to a negative impact of food safety and quality standards on the export share. Results of the analysis rather hint to the fact that a stronger involvement of the government and the private sector in SPS activities as well as a better communication structure within the country increase SPS capacity of a country and thus have a positive effect on a successful export performance. The same differentiated perspective is necessary to understand the impact of food safety and quality standards on small producers. On a theoretical basis small farmers could well have a comparative disadvantage in complying with quality standards owing to their specific endowments, which hamper their ability to acquire information on the standard and to implement it. However, empirical evidence of the Moroccan case study shows that farm size only correlates marginally with the cost or compliance. The survey rather shows how important the forward integration in the value chain is in order to understand the importance of food safety and quality standards for the marketing performance. To maintain market shares or even increase those in high quality markets, producers need information about the buyers’ requirements. Results of the survey show the importance of vertical coordination and direct information exchange between downstream actors, buyers and producers as information on buyer’s demands is rarely communicated horizontally amongst the farmers themselves.
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Jouanjean, Marie-Agnès. "Market access and food standards : insights from the implementation of US sanitary and phytosanitary regulation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/7o52iohb7k6srk09n20k7c4r6.
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Cette thèse de doctorat contribue au débat sur les normes en tant qu’obstacles ou catalyseurs du commerce et fournit des preuves de l'impact des normes sur la capacité des pays en développement à gagner et maintenir l'accès aux marchés des pays développés pour les produits alimentaires. En raison de la nature complexe et très hétérogène des mesures non-tariffaires, différentes méthodologies ont été développées. L'analyse présentée dans cette thèse adopte une approche directe de la mesure de l’impact des standards alimentaires à l'aide de deux bases de données uniques. En démêlant le classement par la productivité du classement par la qualité dans l’étude des déterminants des exportations horticoles, le premier article étudie l'impact des normes de sécurité alimentaire et de la préférence pour la qualité des consommateurs sur capacité d'exporter des produits agricoles de hautes valeurs ou différenciés (HCA). En utilisant une version étendue de la base de données précédente, le deuxième document montre que la réputation est un facteur important de l'application des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS). Le troisième document analyse les tenants et les aboutissants de la réglementation phytosanitaire américaine. L'analyse empirique montre que le cadre réglementaire de la réglementation phytosanitaire est capturé par des groupes d'intérêt. En outre, contrôlant pour d’autres facteurs, l'analyse montre que les pays à revenus intermédiaires inférieurs et les pays à faibles revenus sont respectivement moins susceptibles d'avoir accès à marché intérieur américain et moins susceptibles de tirer parti des lignes commerciales ouvertesThis PhD thesis contributes to this debate over standards as barriers or catalysts to trade and provides evidence of the impact of standards on developing countries’ capacity to gain and sustain markets access in food produce. Because of the complex and very much heterogeneous nature of NTMs, various methodologies have been developed. The analysis in this PhD adopts a direct approach to the measurement of food related standards using two unique data sets. By disentangling productivity from quality sorting in horticultural exports, the first paper investigates the impact of food safety standards and consumers’ preference for quality on developing countries’ capacity to export high care and differentiated agricultural products (HCAs). Using an extended version of the previous dataset, the second paper shows that reputation is an important factor in the enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The third paper analyzes the ins and outs of U. S. Phytosanitary regulation. The empirical analysis shows that the regulatory framework of phytosanitary regulation is captured by interest groups. Moreover, controlling for other factors, the analysis shows that lower-middle income and low income countries are respectively less likely to have access to U. S. Domestic market and less likely to take advantage of open trade lines
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Spears, Kenneth. "Official control of foodstuffs : evaluation of policy, practice and performance in the UK by case study." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323894.
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Li, Xiaoqian. "The Effects of Food Safety Standards on Trade and Welfare: The Case of EU Shrimp Imports." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/30.
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This research explores the link between a gravity model and welfare frameworks and then applies the quantitative model system to analyze how trade and welfare is affected by the Minimum Required Performance Limits (MRPL) in the shrimp importing market of European Union.
The quantitative model system consists of two parts: first, this study uses the “phi-ness” gravity model to investigate the trade effects of MRPL on EU shrimp market. The “phi-ness” gravity model partitions the standard variables to avoid biased estimation caused by the correlation between time and country fixed effects and policy variables. The Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method is incorporated into the estimation in order to control for the zero valued observations.
Second, based on the theoretic foundation of the gravity model, this research sets up the specific nested Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) model of consumers’ utility and further explores the linkage between these two models. The nested CES model incorporates the effects of MRPL on consumers’ confidence in domestic food as well as foreign food imported from developed and developing countries.
The empirical results confirm a consistent fact with previous empirical studies: stricter MRPL has significant and negative effects on trade integration between EU and trading partners with lower level of food safety standards. The welfare analysis shows that the zero tolerance policy of MRPL standard would dramatically enhance consumers’ demand for domestic shrimps and foreign shrimps imported from developed countries but reduce the quantity of shrimp supplied from developing countries. It is also indicated that the increased level of MRPL lead to an increase in welfare of domestic consumers, suppliers in developing countries, and in total international trade, as well as a decrease in the welfare of domestic suppliers and foreign suppliers from developed countries.
The empirical results also indicate that the combination of GM and Welfare Approach can also be applied to research on other standards or other industries.
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Willmott, Peter W. T. "Two case studies in strategic decision making and organizational performance : the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the Food Standards Agency (U.K.) : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427517.
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Pires, Xavier Alexandre Cabaceira. "Implementação do referencial IFS (International Food Standard) numa indústria de produção de leveduras para panificação e pastelaria." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4124.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe growing concern over food safety companies with international presence and the requirements of many European retailers and wholesalers increase the need for integration with other standard quality management systems. The work consists in study the implementation of standard IFS in an industry that produces yeast for baking and pastry, Lallemand Ibéria, SA. In a preliminary step, it was obtained the International Food Standard version 5 - which includes guides, guidelines and requirements for the certification process. The standard has been studied and analyzed in order to understand the best methods to meet the requirements, and was researched the applicable legislation to food and the published literature. It was made a pre-audit to evaluate the current situation of the company. Then it was found and worked out all the associated documentation, as well as an action plan and changes to be considered for the implementation of the standard. In this context has been revised the quality and food safety systems implemented and were made significant changes in the company to adapt to the requirements of this standard.
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Borrelli, Greta. "The creation of a democratic food certification : How the Slow Food Participatory Guarantee System attempts to defend local food systems and traditions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446157.
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This thesis explores if and how an alternative certification system for agricultural products, the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS), could support small-scale farmers to preserve and promote biocultural and food heritage, linked to the landscape they inhabit, their identity as farmers and traditional knowledge. The PGS has been identified by Slow Food as an efficient low-cost and local 'bottom-up' quality assurance system, in order to develop their Presidia project and to re-embed agricultural productions within their traditional socio-ecological contexts. Small-holder farmers all over the world encounter problems in accessing conventional certification systems because of their complexity and strict quality compliance standards, which tend to marginalize this category of producers. I have critically analyzed the extent to which actors and stakeholders agree with the PGS core principles and if, and how, a well-formulated PGS certification can be regarded as a democratic process which fulfils its broader goals. In order to re-structure society from an agri-food perspective, towards a more democratic governance, the core problem lays in how standards and certifications are formed, assessed and applied. The crux of this study is to examine the degree to which a different type of governance, such as the PGS, can induce democratic and participatory methods of food certification. I have conducted semi-structured interviews with various local actors who belong to the social field of alternative food productions underneath the umbrella of Slow Food. Here I investigate the social dimension, the debate and comprehension of the PGS, and the concept of Governmentality by Foucault, as applied to Presidia. In the thesis I show that the PGS provide social benefits to local communities that undergo this certification process. The PGS is able to contribute to the creation of solidarity among actors within the food system, designing a transparent certification system against the logic of commodification.
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Ngwa, Macceline Bih. "The application of good manufacturing practices as a quality approach to food safety in a food manufacturing establishment in the Western Cape South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2525.
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Thesis (MTech (Quality (Engineering)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) is a segment of quality assurance which guarantees that food products produced are uniform and controlled to the appropriate quality standards for their required use and as expected by the marketing authority. A survey was carried out to assess the awareness and implementation level of GMP guidelines amongst manufacturers in the Western Cape, South Africa. Based on a literature review on GMP in the food manufacturing establishments a research problem was identified forming the crux of the research which reads as follows: “the lack of enforcement of approved standards within the food manufacturing establishments in the Western Cape Province, South Africa may result in the food product quality being questioned by consumers”. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and implementation of GMP among food manufacturing establishments in the Western Cape. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning GMP in the food manufacturing industries. Fresh food produce manufacturing establishments in the Western Cape Province South Africa were targeted for this study, with 52 responding to the questionnaires. Data was collected by means of self-administered structured questionnaires and individual face-to-face interviews with six of the establishments that participated in the questionnaires. Data for the questionnaires was analysed by means Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19 software programme in order to generate descriptive statistical results and to determine potential areas for improvement in the establishments surveyed. Data for individual face-to-face interview was recorded by transcribing and analysed by inductive reasoning. In particular, Cronbach’s alpha was utilized to test the reliability of the key items of GMP.
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Cook, Brittany Eleanor. "PRODUCING TRADITION: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND DEVELOPMENT IN JORDANIAN OLIVE OIL." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/54.
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This dissertation project examines how value is changed and created through organic certification and the universalizing ideas of capacity building within the olive oil industry in Jordan and how these shifts affect the social and material processes of production. I approach organic olive oil production in Jordan as one method that producers use in accessing markets and capacity building. By shifting from looking strictly at organic certified farms to examining the larger context of capacity building and international standards, I identify how organic is just one strategy in a larger effort to diversify Jordanian agricultural production and to access global markets. However, more work needs to be done to elucidate how development shapes organic and other ‘alternative’ initiatives differently than in European and North American contexts. In order to do this, I incorporate postcolonial critiques of GPN and critical development studies to further our understanding how of these certifications and standards are taken up, challenged, and sometimes abandoned in favor of other production methods in local spaces of the Global South.
The local embeddedness of olive oil production and the relative recent history of export provide a unique opportunity for examining how producers, organizations, governments, and universities create new export industries. In order to trace how these capacities are built, this dissertation examines the following questions: how is value redefined as producers try to access distant consumers? What are the material and social strategies? In answering these questions, I examine three types of value: taste/sensory, organic/environmental, and gendered tradition. Through the examination of these values, I found that they were each built through a mechanism: re-asetheticizing local taste, creating a new commodity network, and pushing domestic labor into the public sphere. Each mechanism has intended and unintended consequences for the social relations of production.
In summary, this dissertation explores the use (and abandonment) of organic certification within the larger context of development and capacity building in Jordan. In order to explore how value is being created in new ways, the three empirical chapters examine extra virginity, organic certification, and women’s rural organizations. By looking beyond a singular commodity chain, this dissertation examines the processes through which institutional assemblages are formed and destabilized. Therefore, each of the three empirical chapters covers a different aspect of the institutions that are defining value within the larger network of the olive industry. This approach will further our understanding of how quality and conventions function in systems under transition. (Higgins, Dibden, and Cocklin 2008a).
Together these findings provide a broad picture of efforts in Jordan to improve and expand the Jordanian olive oil industry. A large aspect of this effort is to produce exportable olive oil. While only a small percentage of producers are exporting, governmental and development networks want to build the capacity of the olive industry so that more farmers are producing to international standards. Through this broad initiative, traditional ideas of quality and the best practices of production are being challenged. These shifts create new networks and products through which rural producers try to capture value. While the overall ramifications of this shift for the average farmer are small now, with further government standardizing, production and its associated social relations could be significantly changed. The traditional farmers who were able to sell within their personal networks may lose their ability to sell flexibly, and simultaneously larger irrigated producers may flourish, having larger environmental impacts.
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Sellare, Jorge Luis [Verfasser]. "Food sustainability standards and agricultural cooperatives: implications for the small farm sector of Côte d’Ivoire / Jorge Luis Sellare." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214440185/34.
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Bain, Carmen Marea Thora. "Food safety standards : how risk management programmes are negotiated, constructed, and contested in the New Zealand meat industry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10682.
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In 1999 the Animal Products Act was passed into law. This Act fundamentally alters the way that meat safety standards are implemented in the New Zealand meat industry by legislating the introduction of risk management programmes (RMP) to manage hazards in meat products. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) holds that RMP strengthens meat safety standards by ensuring that they are based on objective science rather than the subjective judgements of government meat inspectors. MAF explains that this will also allow the government to establish a unified New Zealand meat safety standard to which all parties may be held accountable. This thesis explores MAF's assertion that RMP and the New Zealand standard are the products of an objective, scientific method. My central argument is that the construction, implementation, and monitoring of RMP and the New Zealand meat safety standard are not the product of some privileged scientific process. Instead, I argue that they are negotiated, constructed, and contested by networks made up of both human and nonhuman actors in the meat sector and that their outcomes are a product of this process. My study is based on a textual analysis of government and meat industry documents together with twenty-five semi-structured interviews with representatives from the government, the meat industry and other stakeholders within the network surrounding the meat sector.
This thesis focuses on the arguments and methods that MAF used to win various actors to a new network based on RMP and the New Zealand standard. What linked this network together was not a unified understanding of the scientific benefits of risk management but rather a concern for how to ensure that the meat industry would remain internationally competitive and profitable. Instituting a new arrangement for meat safety based on RMP emerged as the means to achieve this. The assumption being that RMP would reduce costs and increase flexibility in the meat industry and thereby ensure market access internationally.
As the thesis illustrates, however, this goal has been difficult to achieve as attempts by MAF to construct and negotiate the implementation of new meat safety standards has been contested by other actors within the network at every stage.
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Bosman, Lise. "A secondary analysis of anthropometric data from the 1999 National Food Consumption Survey, using different growth reference standards." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1495.
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Sewell, Cara A. "The difference in compliance with established dietary standards of entry-level dietitians and dietitians practicing longer than three years in Indiana." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941353.
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As role models and experts in nutrition, registered dietitians have the responsibility of educating the public about appropriate nutrition practices. The purpose of this study was to compare physical characteristics and dietary intake of entry-level dietitians(ELD) and non-entry level dietitians (HELD) in Indiana through a mailed personal history questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire. Most of the dietitians reported a weight that was normal or overweight when compared to their ideal body weight. Very few were underweight, yet an average of 36.2 % of all the dietitians were overweight. Statistically, the findings of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in compliance with the established standards of the Food Guide Pyramid between the ELD and HELD in any of the food groups. Secondly, there was not a significant difference in overall compliance between the two groups of dietitians. These results could indicate that registered dietitians are not forgetting the importance of proper nutrition and are continuing to model positive dietary behaviors as they continue in the profession.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Rein, Johanna, and Michaela Swanson. "From Pond to Plate : The implementation of standards in Global Value Chains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256478.
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Increased international trade has sparked a debate on the need to coordinate dispersedactivities in Global Value Chains, linking production to end consumers. Implementationof standards has in the literature on Global Value Chains been suggested as a wayto coordinate a value chain. We have investigated the value chain of shrimp andprawns production in Bangladesh, in order to analyze if standards placed by the EUhave proven a successful way to coordinate the value chain. The implementation ofstandards has been studied to capture the coordination in the value chain. A singlecase study was conducted with interviews from a sample of actors in direct or closeconnection to the production of shrimp and prawns in Bangladesh. The focus of thestudy has been on the perspectives of the individuals and if and how standards areimplemented successfully in a social context. The attempt has been to bridgeunderstandings of implementation of standards together with knowledge of the complexnature of Global Value Chains. The results show that there are multiple challengesto successful implementation of standards. Hurdles can especially be linked tothe ability to follow standards where lack of human- and financial resources havebeen found. In addition, the will to follow standards can have an impact when traditionalmethods stand in the way and immediate financial incentives are not in place.
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Bernzen, Amely [Verfasser], Boris [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun, Elmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kulke, and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Kristiansen. "Global Food Trade Beyond the 'Standards' Debate. Conventions, Institutions and Uncertainties in Organic Food Imports to Germany and Australia / Amely Bernzen. Gutachter: Boris Braun ; Elmar Kulke ; Paul Kristiansen." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047666545/34.
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Bernzen, Amelie [Verfasser], Boris [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun, Elmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kulke, and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Kristiansen. "Global Food Trade Beyond the 'Standards' Debate. Conventions, Institutions and Uncertainties in Organic Food Imports to Germany and Australia / Amely Bernzen. Gutachter: Boris Braun ; Elmar Kulke ; Paul Kristiansen." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047666545/34.
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Pretorius, Adeline. "An assessment of the comprehension of the preliminary 2007 version of the South African paediatric food-based dietary guidelines for Northern Sotho infants 6–12 months of age in Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96978.
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Thesis (MNutr--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Malnutrition, in both adults and children, is a problem worldwide with negative health consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) therefore initiated the implementation of country-specific food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) to be used as an educational tool to address nutrition-related health issues. They further suggested consumer testing to evaluate the comprehension and cultural acceptability thereof prior to the release of country-specific FBDGs. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were recommended for consumer testing. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the comprehension and applicability of the 2007 version of the preliminary South African paediatric food-based dietary guidelines (PFBDGs) for healthy infants aged 6–12 months in Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa. Specific objectives included qualitative evaluation of exposure to preliminary PFBDGs, participants’ interpretation thereof, cultural acceptability and practical application of the guidelines. Socio-demographic information was collected to determine whether these factors could potentially exert an influence on the comprehension and applicability of the FBDGs. This study could further inform emerging efforts to update public health initiatives to educate mothers/caregivers of infants. Methodology An observational, cross-sectional study design was followed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. FGDs were utilised to assess comprehension of the PFBDGs and gather insight into perceptions, attitudes and appropriateness of the PFBDGs. Quantitative data were collected by means of a questionnaire regarding the socio-demographic profiles of participants. Setting This study focused on two small, densely populated towns, Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa, in the north western district of Tshwane in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The areas represent relatively low socio-economic communities that include a mix of formal and informal urban setting. Participants Twenty-seven Northern Sotho-speaking mothers and caregivers of infants aged 6–12 months participated in a total of six FGDs. Each FGD was attended by between three and six participants. Results None of the participants had previous exposure to the PFBDGs, although they were familiar with most of the concepts. Guidelines were generally well received and understood, but a few were misinterpreted; particularly those pertaining to “enjoy time with your baby”, “increase your baby’s meals to five times per day” and “teach your baby to drink from a cup”. These needed further explanation and rephrasing by the investigator to improve their comprehensibility. The guideline pertaining to breastfeeding was the most familiar, well accepted and most generally applied. Quantitative results indicated no significant difference between the socio-demographic profiles of participants in Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa. Participants’ education level, employment status and housing conditions were considered a good representation of the population. It appears that socio-demographic circumstances may affect exposure to, and interpretation and application of the PFBDGs. Conclusion Many of the adjustments recommended from this research is consistent with the changes incorporated in the recently published revised PFBDGs. Supportive documentation, educational material and health campaigns tailored to specific socio-demographic groups may further enhance the interpretation of the revised guidelines and their exposure to the public, once tested and adopted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Wanvoeding onder kinders en volwassenes, is ʼn wêreldwye probleem wat, as dit nie aangespreek word nie, ernstige gesondheidsgevolge kan inhou. Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) en die Voedsel-en-landbou-organisasie (VLO) het die implementering van voedselgebaseerde dieetriglyne (VGDR) spesifiek aan elke land geïnisieer sodat dit as opleidingshulpmiddel kan dien om voedselverwante gesondheidsprobleme op te los. Daar is voorgestel dat verbruikers die riglyne in fokusgroepbesprekings (FGBs) evalueer om begrip en die kulturele toepaslikheid van bevolking-spesifieke riglyne te toets voordat dit bekendgestel word. Doel Die doel van die studie was om begrip en die toepassing van die 2007 weergawe van die voorlopige Suid-Afrikaanse pediatriese voedselgebaseerde dieetriglyne (PVGDR) vir gesonde kinders van 6–12 maande te bepaal. Spesifieke doelwitte het kwalitatiewe evaluering ten opsigte van blootstelling, deelnemers se interpretasie, kulturele aanvaarbaarheid en praktiese toepassing van die riglyne ingesluit. Sosiodemografiese inligting is ingesamel om te bepaal of daar ʼn verband bestaan tussen hierdie omstandighede en die begrip en toepassing van PVGDR’s. Hierdie studie kan toekomstige pogings ondersteun om openbare-gesondheidsprogramme by te werk en om moeders en versorgers oor babas in te lig. Ontwerp Die studieontwerp was ’n waarnemende deursnit met kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes. FGBs was gebruik om die begrip van die PVGDR’s te bepaal en insigte oor die persepsies, houdings en geskiktheid van die PVGDR’s in te samel. Kwantitatiewe data is ingesamel met ʼn vraelys oor die sosiodemografiese profiele van deelnemers. Omgewing Die studie het gefokus op twee klein, digbevolkte stedelike gebiede, Soshanguve en Ga-Rankuwa in Tshwane, die noord-westelike distrik van die provinsie Gauteng in Suid-Afrika. Die areas verteenwoordig relatief lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe met ʼn mengsel van formele en informele stedelike nedersettings. Deelnemers Die studiegroep het 27 Noord-Sotho-sprekende moeders en versorgers ingesluit wat aan altesaam 6 FGB’s deelgeneem het. Tussen drie en ses deelnemers het elke FGB bygewoon. Resultate Geen deelnemers was voorheen aan PVGDR’s blootgestel nie, hoewel die meerderheid met meeste van die begrippe bekend was. Die riglyne was oor die algemeen goed aanvaar en verstaanbaar, maar ʼn paar was verkeerd geïnterpreteer; veral “geniet tyd saam met jou baba”, “vermeerder jou baba se maaltye na vyf kere per dag” en “leer jou baba om uit ʼn koppie te drink”. Verduideliking en herformulering was nodig om begrip te verbeter. Die riglyne oor borsvoeding was die bekendste, was die beste aanvaar en was in die algemeen toegepas. Kwantitatiewe resultate het aangedui dat die sosiodemografiese profiel van deelnemers uit Soshanguve en dié uit Ga-Rankuwa nie beduidend verskil nie. Deelnemers se opleidingsvlak, werkloosheidstatus en huislike omstandighede het die populasie goed verteenwoordig. Daar is bevind dat sosiodemografiese omstandighede blootstelling aan en begrip en toepassing van PVGDR’s kan beïnvloed. Gevolgtrekking Baie van die wysigings wat voorgestel is deur hierdie studie, stem ooreen met die verandering wat aangebring is in die onlangs gepubliseerde hersiene PVGDR’s. Ondersteunende dokumente, opvoedkundige materiaal en gesondheidsveldtogte vir spesifieke sosiodemografiese groepe sal die korrekte interpretasie van riglyne asook openbare bewusmaking bevorder. Die riglyne kan, met minimale aanpassings, suksesvol as ʼn voedingsverwante opvoedkundige hulpmiddel in die gemeenskap gebruik word. Baie van hierdie aanpassings is reeds aangebring tydens die ontwikkeling van die veranderde PVGDR’s. Die bevindinge van die studie kan ʼn kernbydrae tot die voorstelle lewer, en aanduidings vir voorstelle vir verdere ontwikkeling en evaluering oplewer.
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Chikura, Cynthia Chipo. "On reconciling rules, markets and power : responding to private voluntary standards through safeguarding the rule of law in international food trade." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26587.
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The proliferation of private voluntary standards (private standards) in international food trade has precipitated a surge of inter-disciplinary discourse on the topic. Conceptual premises have been diverse, but a common thread through the discourse has been their practical impact on developing-country producers (particularly small to medium scale ones). The present paper contributes to legal analyses of private standards. It builds upon existing discourse on rules-based responses to private standards, from the conceptual premise of the rule of law. The perspective of the paper is that private standards are creating conditions wherein the rule of law in international food trade is being placed under strain. With that, the utility of the rules-based system of international food governance has begun to diminish. The viewpoint in this paper is that, from the perspective of the WTO, responses to private standards should be underlain by considerations of safeguarding the rule of law. Underscoring this is that a rule of law approach is the most ideal, in the long-term, for the WTO system and for low income Members themselves. The paper concludes that this will entail a necessarily multipronged strategy towards the challenges presented by private standards – one which incorporates rules-based responses, other interventions from within the WTO, and responses from outside of the WTO.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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Ait, Hou Mohamed <1978>. "Export Supply Chain Organization and Food Safety and Quality Standards: a case study of the Moroccan Fruit and Vegetable Sector." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5918/.
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Agri-food supply chains extend beyond national boundaries, partially facilitated by a policy environment that encourages more liberal international trade. Rising concentration within the downstream sector has driven a shift towards “buyer-driven” global value chains (GVCs) extending internationally with global sourcing and the emergence of multinational key economic players that compete with increase emphasis on product quality attributes.
Agri-food systems are thus increasingly governed by a range of inter-related public and private standards, both of which are becoming a priori mandatory, especially in supply chains for high-value and quality-differentiated agri-food products and tend to strongly affect upstream agricultural practices, firms’ internal organization and strategic behaviour and to shape the food chain organization.
Notably, increasing attention has been given to the impact of SPS measures on agri-food trade and notably on developing countries’ export performance. Food and agricultural trade is the vital link in the mutual dependency of the global trade system and developing countries. Hence, developing countries derive a substantial portion of their income from food and agricultural trade. In Morocco, fruit and vegetable (especially fresh) are the primary agricultural export. Because of the labor intensity, this sector (especially citrus and tomato) is particularly important in terms of income and employment generation, especially for the female laborers hired in the farms and packing houses. Hence, the emergence of agricultural and agrifood product safety issues and the subsequent tightening of market requirements have challenged mutual gains due to the lack of technical and financial capacities of most developing countries.
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Van, Staden Wehlia. "Die rol van etikettering van nutrientsamestelling op die voorkoming van vetverwante siekte : 'n sistematiese literatuuroorsig." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3070.
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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.A diet high in fat results in dietary-related diseases, which have reached epidemic proportions in South Africa. Nutritional labelling has the potential to alter consumers’ knowledge of attitude and behaviour towards their fat intake. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of nutritional labelling on the population’s fat-intake through a systematic literature review. Electronic databases, reference lists of relevant studies and the Internet were searched, to identify studies that could help to answer the problem statement. Relevant citations were independently identified by two investigators based on the established inclusion-criteria. After this the full text of the selected citations were obtained and filtered independently by each investigator based on the inclusion- and exclusion criteria. The characteristics of each study was recorded in specially developed data extraction forms by the investigator herself and was checked by a second investigator. The primary objective of the study was to investigate nutritional labelling on food packaging. Two other forms of labelling were included to gain a more concise perception of consumers’ knowledge and practices regarding information on fat. These other forms were point-of-sale labelling (in supermarkets, in restaurants, by vending machines) and experimental labelling (labels spesifically designed to indicate the fat-content of a food item). A total of 59 relevant studies were included based on the inclusion-criteria. Although only a few studies assessed the effect of labelling on diet, there was evidence that the use of labels resulted in lower fat intake. Women older than 35 years with higher education levels, who used nutritional supplements, and who were in the maintenance stage of change to a lower fat diet, and who believed in the importance of nutrition, were between 50% to 80% higher users of information about fat than their counterparts. Fat is the food component which was most looked at on the food label (50% to 80%). Small changes in fat intake occured due to point-of-sale labelling, but labelling programmes which combined labelling with additional information on fat (e.g. pamphlets), increased visibility and nutrition education programmes, were more successful. People generally perceived products lower in fat as less pleasant, but sensory judgement of the products labelled with a low fat content were related to a person’s beliefs and concerns towards fat. Nutritional labelling can be an effective measure, which can be used to reduce the population’s fat intake; however, more research is needed to assess the effect of labelling on fat content of their diet. Regulations and education is needed to enhance the consumer’s trust in and capability in the use of labelling to make better food choices and to alter their diet. The success of labelling is dependant on a well-educated and motivated population, as well as the necessary information in a format which is understandable to the consumer.
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Nava, Fischer Evelyn. "Discursive framings, normative preferences and the reception of global standards : the case of the regulation of South Indian animal food farming." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/47676/.
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When talking about the importance of the agri-food production environment and the application of food safety and sanitary measures in it, a list of growing unfortunate related events come to mind such as: the rise of diseases coming from farming production, the rocketing of environmental degradation and overexploitation of genetic farmed pools, the economically important agri-food scares and overall, the opacity of agri-food production and regulation. This thesis examines the divergence between legal measures and legal application of global agri-food standards as a legitimacy crisis and has a twofold aim. First it aims to illustrate the role that regulatory legitimacy plays in effective compliance by studying the construction of regulatory legitimacy as a discursive practice. Second, and as a result of this the thesis asks how South Indian animal farming systems and international safety and sanitary measures construct their environmental normative legitimacy and introduce some implications for the animal farming/public health international debate. In this social constructivist approach, the thesis applies a combination of environmental discourse and framing analysis –discursive framings- to empirically study the construction of (non) formally binding norms in agri-food environments. These ´discursive framings´ it is argued, help represent the architectures of green compliance embedded in agro-environmental narratives, uncovered through the uses of language. In this way, framings help detect a variety of forms of (non) endorsement of safety and sanitary measures by regulatory stakeholders and with it, their role in ´racing standards to the top or to the bottom´ in agri-food regulation. An exploratory study comparing documents about safety and sanitary measures (believed to reinforce levels of safety and sanitary compliance in trade conflicts) in international dispute resolutions and interviews of key stakeholders in the field (believed to reflect safety and sanitary compliance in animal farming practice) in South India are conducted. The comparison of expected compliance between dispute formal documents and transcripts of actors under potential regulation provides insight into the discursive constitutions of legal and social safety and sanitary standards. It also informs on a number of counterproductive effects (cooptation, substitution or dilution of regulatory measures) when poor translation of normative preferences from global sanitary provisions of market access into the subnational agri-food environment begins to take place. The thesis empirically demonstrates how present public understandings of WTO-SPS Agreements in India have the potential to induce existent food safety and sanitary compliance into a race to the bottom increasing diseases from farmed animals in this country: given the consistent constellation of discursive voids that have left scientific knowledge out of agro-ecological and animal health present concerns, subnationally and internationally. The conceptual framework, the primary and secondary data and the analyses account for this complexity, namely, the convergences and voids left among discursive constellations of green compliance and their roles in existing models of agri-food regulation. Finally, the thesis presents the contributions to the study of Dryzek´s environmental discourses that a constructivist research like this can make to the study of legitimacy crises and efficacious regulation in general and between international market access, public health and the ago-environment in India (the case studied here) in particular.
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Rau, Marie-Luise. "Agri-food standards and their market and trade impact the case of the Polish meat sector in the EU integration process." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999465538/04.
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Reddy, Keerthi, Mary Kearns, Santiago Alvarez‐Arango, Ismael Carrillo‐Martin, Nathaly Cuervo‐Pardo, Lyda Cuervo‐Pardo, Ves Dimov, et al. "Youtube and Food Allergy: An Appraisal of the Educational Quality of Information." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12885.
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Background: Food allergy affects an estimated 8% of children and 3% of adults in the United States. Food‐allergic individuals increasingly use the web for medical information. We sought to determine the educational quality of food allergy YouTube videos.
Methods: We performed a YouTube search using keywords “food allergy” and “food allergies”. The 300 most viewed videos were included and analyzed for characteristics, source, and content. Source was further classified as healthcare provider, alternative medicine provider, patient, company, media, and professional society. A scoring system (FA‐DQS) was created to evaluate quality (−10 to +34 points). Negative points were assigned for misleading information. Eight reviewers scored each video independently.
Results: Three hundred videos were analyzed, with a median of 6351.50 views, 19 likes, and 1 dislike. More video presenters were female (54.3%). The most common type of video source was alternative medicine provider (26.3%). Alternative treatments included the following: water fast, juicing, Ayurveda, apple cider, yoga, visualization, and sea moss. Controversial diagnostics included kinesiology, IgG testing, and pulse test. Almost half of the videos depicted a non‐IgE‐mediated reaction (49.0%).Videos by professional societies had the highest FA‐DQS (7.27). Scores for videos by professional societies were significantly different from other sources (P < .001). There was a high degree of agreement among reviewers (ICC = 0.820; P < .001).
Conclusion: YouTube videos on food allergy frequently recommend controversial diagnostics and commonly depict non‐IgE‐mediated reactions. There is a need for high‐quality, evidence‐based, educational videos on food allergy.
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SANTANA, LUCIANA VIEIRA de. "Preparo, caracterização e uso de um material de referência para ensaios de proficiência para determinação de metais em tecido de peixe in natura." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10535.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Javier, Eduardo Montano Moscoso. "タイ、ラッチャブリ県ダムナンサドゥアクにおける農薬使用に及ぼすGAPプログラムの影響." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199537.
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Osman, Adnan Abdi. "En kartläggning av de vanligaste standarderna inom livsmedelsbranschen och deras koppling till livsmedelslagstiftningen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-176856.
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The Swedish Food Safety Authority is working to develop a new model for risk classification to classify food companies. An objective of the new risk classification model is to enable food companies to obtain reduced control time through third-party certifications. The purpose of this study was to map out the most common standards in the food industry and to evaluate how relevant they are for food safety legislation. An investigation was made of the content in four selected standards to assess how relevant they were for the food legislation. Surveys were designed to study how common the standards were. One survey was sent to municipalities in northern and southern regions in Sweden. Another survey was sent to companies and trade associations. There are significantly more municipalities that have heard about the selected standards than municipalities that have not. All trade associations stated that they knew one or more of the standards. The review of the standards reveals that the standards are relevant for compliance with food legislation. The standards cover the food legislation, such as product traceability, HACCP, and allergens. Trade associations and companies were more convinced about a decreased need for control through certifications in comparison with control authorities. In conclusion, a future national classification model should allow control authorities to determine when it is appropriate to reduce the need for control through third-party certification. Certification against the selected standards can be used to reduce control time, but a study needs to be done on how to use them.
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Javier, Eduardo Montano Moscoso. "The GAP program and its effects on pesticide use in Damnoen Saduak, Ratchaburi, Thailand." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199369.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19045号
農博第2123号
新制||農||1032(附属図書館)
学位論文||H27||N4927(農学部図書室)
31996
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 舟川 晋也, 准教授 赤松 美紀
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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VALLINOTO, PRISCILA. "Determinação de elementos essenciais e tóxicos em alimentos comerciais infantis por análise por ativação com neutrôns e espectrometria de absorção atômica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10505.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ndou, Portia. "The competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the face of the changing global health and environmental standards." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/477.
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In recent years, concern about food safety linked to health issues has seen a rise in private food safety standards in addition to the regulations set by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO). These have presented challenges to producers and exporters of agricultural food products especially the producers of fresh fruits and vegetables. In spite of the food safety-linked challenges from the demand side, the vast range of business-environment forces pose equally formidable challenges that negatively impact on the exporting industries’ ability to maintain or improve their market shares and their ability to compete in world markets. The objective of this study was therefore to establish the competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the international markets within this prevailing scenario. Due to the diversity of the definitions of competitiveness as a concept, this study formulated the following working definition: “the ability to create, deliver and maintain value and constant market share through strategic management of the industrial environment or competitiveness drivers”. This was based on the understanding that the international market shares of an industry are a function of forces in the business environment which range from intra-industry, external and national as well as the international elements. The unit of analysis were the citrus producers engaged in export of their products and the study made use of 151 responses by producers. The study adopted a five-step approach to the analysis of the performance of the South African citrus industry in the global markets, starting with the analysis of the Constant Market Share (CMS) of the South African citrus industry in various world markets, establishing the impact of the business environmental factors upon competitiveness, establishing the costs of compliance with private food safety standards, determining the non-price benefits of compliance with the standards, as well as highlighting the strategies for enhancing long-term competitiveness of the industry in the international markets. South Africa is one of the top three countries dominating the citrus fruit export market. Since its entry into the citrus fruit exports market in the 1900s, the industry has sustained its activity in the international market. The Constant Market Share Analysis shows that, amidst the challenges on the international market side, and the changes in the business environment, over much of which the industry has limited control and influence, the industry has maintained its competitive advantage in several markets. The CMS shows that South Africa’s lemons are competitive in America. Despite a negative trend, the South African grapefruit has been competitive in France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Oranges have been competitive in the Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK, Asian and Northern Europe markets. Competitiveness in these markets has been due to the inherent competitiveness of the industry. Competitiveness in such markets as the Middle East has been attributed to the relatively rapid growth of these markets. The South African citrus industry has similarly undergone many major processes of transformation. The business environmental factors influencing its performance have ranged reform to the challenges beyond the country’s borders. These factors directly and indirectly affect the performance of the industry in the export market. They have influenced the flow of fruits into different international destinations. Of major concern are the food safety and private standards. Challenges in traditional markets as well as opportunities presented by demand from newly emerging citrus consuming nations have seen a diversification in the marketing of the South African citrus. The intensity of competition in the global market is reflected by the fluctuations in the market shares in different markets as well as the increase and fluctuations of fruit rejection rates in some lucrative markets such as America. A combination of challenging national environmental forces and stringent demand conditions negatively impact on revenues especially from markets characterised by price competitiveness. This study identified cost of production, foreign market support systems, adaptability, worker skills, challenges of management in an international environment and government policies such as labour and trade policies as some of the most influential obstacles to competitiveness. Some of the most competiveness-enhancing factors were market availability, market size, market information, market growth and the availability of research institutions. However, compliance with private standards still poses a challenge to the exporters. The different performance levels of the industry in various markets prove the dissimilarity of the demand conditions in the global market. These are supported by the negative influence associated with the foreign market support regimes as well as the challenges associated with compliance with private food safety standards. While market availability, market growth, market information and size were identified as enhancing competitiveness, the fluctuations and inconsistencies in the competitiveness of the industry in different foreign markets require more than finding markets. Resource allocation by both the government and the industry may need to take into account the off-setting of the national challenges and support of farmers faced with distorted and unfair international playing fields. Otherwise, market availability is not a challenge for the industry save meeting the specifications therewith as well as price competitiveness which is unattainable for the South African citrus producers faced with high production costs. For the purposes of further study, it is recommended that account should be taken of all the products marketed by the industry (including processed products such as fruit juices) in order to have a whole picture of the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. This study also proffers a new theoretical framework for the analysis of the business environment for the citrus industry and other agro-businesses. This framework takes into account the indispensability of the food safety standards and measures as well as the diversity of the global consumer and the non-negotiability of food trade for the sustenance of the growing population.
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ULRICH, JOAO C. "Preparação e caracterização de um material de referência de peixe." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10020.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Babool, Md Ashfaqul Islam. "THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC POLICIES ON INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/482.
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The impact of domestic policy regulations and standards on trade has been at the forefront of global policy during the past decade. Every country develops their own policies and standards that differ from country to country. These differences create problems for manufacturing industries, especially in major exporting countries. This study overviews the policy context driving standards in the manufacturing industries. The study consists of three different articles that attempt to examine the role of technical regulations and standards and their relationship with trade using different econometric models In the first article, the standard factor endowment approach is employed to explain the effects of environmental regulatory policy on net exports in different manufacturing industries. The study hypothesizes that a countrys comparative advantage depends on its factor abundance. The regulatory policy increases production costs and, thus, reduces the output level of an industry. The results indicate that each industry is unique in the factors determining net exports and in many instances environmental regulations are important. In the second article, we investigate the impact of competition policy on a countrys production and export competitiveness. Since the impact of competition regulation depends upon the particular circumstances of the industry to which the policy is applied, we examine how competition policy impacts production and exports of a specific sector, in particular the agri-food processing sector. The results suggest that competition policy enhances competition by reducing entry barriers, and causes firms to produce more output with lower prices. Exports for both total and food manufacturing in the post-competition policy period are higher than exports in the pre-competition period. In the third article, we estimate regressions based on an extended gravity model to determine the possible influence of food safety standards on export flows of six Asia-Pacific countries to ten importing countries. We examine the relationship between bilateral exports and importers imposition of food safety standards. The results show that the value of exports in food and food products is negatively affected by food safety standards: the greater the aflatoxin standards, the lower its restrictiveness, and higher the bilateral export flows.
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Tzul, Sheril Sherine. "A Game Theory Analysis of Firm Reaction to External Organizational Demands: The Case of Animal Welfare Standards." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29763.
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There has been increasing public concern about farm animal welfare regarding transportation, slaughter, and some management practices, especially in systems where animals are confined for most of their existence. Animal welfare organizations (groups) have traditionally focused on forwarding their agendas through legislation, although more recent attempts have focused on convincing large firms that buy agricultural commodities to require particular production process standards to be met. The strategic interactions of players in the egg industry are modeled using a game theory approach. Two scenarios were explored: a principal-agent contract model between food firms and farmers, and a model where two firms are targeted by animal activists. The former model was empirically analyzed while the latter model was theoretically examined. Results for the principal-agent contract model indicate that, in general, the decision by the farmer of whether to invest in a free-range production system is dependent on the probability of being caught cheating. Whether contracts will be accepted or rejected by suppliers is dependent on the premium for free-range eggs. Finally, as the amount that can be lost if caught breaching the contract decreases, investment is motivated only with a higher probability of being caught. Theoretical analysis where competition did not matter and animal welfare was not a determinant of demand shows that animal activists must convince food firms that there will be a significant change in revenue with compliance as opposed to rejecting the contract or negotiating a compromise in order to attain their objectives of increased animal welfare.
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Valentine, Lucrecia Zinobia. "Food certification audits : a case study in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1217.
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Thesis (MTech (Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008While there is a standard for quality and environmental auditors, there is no local or international standard for food safety auditing, which means auditors from different certification bodies can use their own discretion when auditing food establishments. There is a requirement to investigate the quality of work performed by South African food safety auditors. in order to establish whether they do in fact add value when conducting registration and certification audits. This is also an indication of the importance of improving and maintaining a high standard of food safety in the food services industry. The overall concept of food safety in South Africa IS clearly not defined. understood by only a few consumers, and not widely accepted. Research has shown that food retailers in South Africa in general do not believe food safety auditors are competent. In the wake of the Sudan Red scare two years ago. a long awaited food safety initiative was launched in February 2006. The scare pertaining to a carcinogenic food dye. which found its way into spices on local supermarket shelves, mobilized food industry role players to improve food safety standards. Under the auspices of the Consumer Goods Council of South Africa (CGCSA), the body responsible for establishing best practices and implementation standards, Food Safety South Africa (FSSA) will enable an organization to determine the exact nature and extent of possible and actual problems along the food supply chain. The key objectives of this research study are to determine whether one food certification standard is needed in South Africa and to assess the value added by the food auditors to their clients. Social research will be conducted within the ambit of the dissertation, with case study serving as research method. Both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms will be used to gather data for the research survey in support of the research question. forming the crux of the dissertation which reads as follow: "How can food safety auditors increase value added to the audit process in food environments in South Africa?"
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Rau, Marie L. [Verfasser]. "Agri-food standards and their market and trade impact: the case of the Polish meat sector in the EU integration process / Marie L Rau." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161301828/34.
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Lancey, Alexandra Grace. ""But Our Hands Are Tied": Assessing School Gardening Efforts at Title I Elementary Schools in Pinellas County, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6108.
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This research was designed to understand current school gardening efforts in Pinellas County, Florida. School gardens have become an important aspect of experiential learning and nutrition education in schools throughout the United States. Many not-for-profit organizations have attempted to increase the prevalence and efficacy of school garden programs as a means of providing educational opportunities and working to curb diet-related health issues in children. Most of these organizations are seen as apolitical in nature, because they access mainly private sector funding sources and volunteer support. This provides flexibility for these social projects, but also takes pressure off of the state to support school food and nutrition education efforts and reinforces neoliberal ideas about food systems. Paradoxically, strict public school standards and measures of success as a result of neoliberal education reform often prevent teachers and school administrators from utilizing these school gardens fully, and from using them as a sufficient means to fully discuss nutrition, healthy eating, and local food (instead focusing on other topics that fit more closely with state-regulated education standards). This research analyzed one such organization in Florida that installs gardens in “failing” Title I schools. Ethnographic research was conducted with these two organizations in an attempt to uncover some of the infrastructural challenges faced and uses a comparative approach to offer critical insights, suggestions for improvements, and best practices for navigating these challenges as determined by teachers, school administrators, and organization staff and volunteers.
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Müller, Anna Katharina [Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Theuvsen, Meike [Akademischer Betreuer] Wollni, and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Musshoff. "Food safety standards in developing countries: Exploring the role of financial literacy / Anna Katharina Müller. Gutachter: Ludwig Theuvsen ; Meike Wollni ; Oliver Musshoff. Betreuer: Ludwig Theuvsen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070423696/34.
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Chemnitz, Christine [Verfasser], Harald von [Akademischer Betreuer] Witzke, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bokelmann, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Grethe. "The impact of food safety and quality standards on developing countries agricultural producers and exports / Christine Chemnitz. Gutachter: Harald von Witzke ; Wolfgang Bokelmann ; Harald Grethe." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102372569X/34.
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Oliveira, Louise Antunes de. "A importância das normas internacionais para o comércio da fruticultura brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-27062005-104558/.
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Padrões e regulamentações técnicas, sanitárias e fitossanitárias são utilizadas com o objetivo autêntico de mitigar o risco à vida e à saúde humana, das plantas e animais, além de preservar o meio ambiente. Além disso, constituem normas comuns para as características dos produtos, tal como a qualidade. No entanto, tem sido cada vez mais freqüente o emprego dessas medidas como instrumentos de política comercial para proteger mercados da importação estrangeira. Tem-se observado que esses requisitos técnicos vêm assumindo importância cada vez maior na restrição do acesso de produtos exportados in natura, como é o caso das frutas, pelos países em desenvolvimento para os mercados de países desenvolvidos. O presente trabalho buscou identificar a importância dessas exigências na definição do volume de exportações brasileiras de frutas para grandes mercados importadores, como é o caso dos Estados Unidos e da União Européia. O estudo enfocou, a princípio, a Produção Integrada de Frutas (PIF) brasileira, tendo-se conduzido uma análise descritiva, acompanhada da interpretação de seus objetivos, metas, contexto institucional, procedimentos e desenvolvimentos recentes. Essa avaliação visou destacar os principais aspectos que podem vir a estimular a exportação de frutas para mercados de países desenvolvidos, mais exigentes quanto a aspectos de qualidade e sanidade dos produtos. Concluiu-se que a forma de condução da produção integrada para as frutas no Brasil atende, em grande parte, aos requisitos exigidos nos principais mercados importadores. No entanto, para que a iniciativa venha a se constituir em uma forma efetiva para diferenciar os produtos nos mercados estrangeiros, ainda é necessário conquistar o reconhecimento internacional. Para a PIF, a análise sugere que embora importantes desenvolvimentos técnicos já tenham sido alcançados, falta um maior empenho político para que a iniciativa venha a ser reconhecida no âmbito legal por instituições internacionalmente reconhecidas, para a obtenção de um selo que ateste sua adequação à normalização internacional. Procurou-se também identificar tendências futuras para as exigências de segurança alimentar nos países selecionados, onde os consumidores são mais conscientes e exigentes quanto à qualidade e inocuidade dos alimentos. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento e análise das notificações apresentadas à OMC pelos EUA e União Européia, no âmbito do Acordo SPS/OMC, a partir de 1995, quando esse passou a prevalecer. Essa pesquisa enfocou as notificações referentes às frutas. Uma análise prévia indicou que as medidas referentes aos agroquímicos eram mais freqüentes na regulamentação internacional sobre a produção e comercialização de frutas. Foram selecionadas, portanto, as notificações relacionadas a limites máximos de resíduos (LMR), para fins de comparação com os padrões desenvolvidos pela Comissão do Codex Alimentarius, organismo de referência internacional. Essa avaliação buscou verificar se as exigências apresentadas pelos países importadores estavam de acordo com as normas estabelecidas por esse organismo. Os resultados indicaram que grande parte das notificações para frutas relacionadas a LMR, tanto para os EUA, como para a UE, continha medidas que não constavam no Codex, o que sugere que esses países vêm se empenhando, de forma pró-ativa no desenvolvimento de novas normas sanitárias e fitossanitárias. Isso foi interpretado como uma resposta às exigências dos respectivos mercados consumidores. Essa avaliação indicou que um importante gargalo da Produção Integrada de Frutas no Brasil, que deve ser observada pelos técnicos e regulamentadores, é a baixa compatibilidade entre o uso de agroquímicos e seus resíduos, aos padrões internacionalmente aceitáveis, devendo-se buscar um aumento na justaposição, tanto ao tipo do produto como ao nível em que esses são empregados na produção. A análise das notificações indicou ainda, que uma tendência da regulamentação fitossanitária dos países analisados enfatiza o uso de defensivos agrícolas. Isso permite concluir que um aspecto de importância fundamental para a expansão das exportações brasileiras de frutas para os principais mercados importadores, constitui-se no desenvolvimento de análises de risco, adequação e desenvolvimento de mecanismos para a certificação de que os produtos atendem aos requisitos estabelecidos pelos mercados internacionais.Sanitary and phytosanitary norms and regulations are used, in principle, with the legitimate objective to mitigating any risk to human, plant and animal health and life, while preserving the environment. In addition, these can be used to constitute common patterns for products, such as quality. However, it has been increasingly frequent the use of these measures as a trade policy instrument to protect market from imports. It has been observed that technical requirements have been increasingly important to restrict market access to exported fresh products, as fruits, by developing countries to developed countries markets. This work identifies the importance of these requirements to define the Brazilian export volumes of fruits to the major importing markets, such as the United States and European Union. The study primarily focused the Brazilian Integrated Fruit Production system in terms of its objectives, targets, institutional framework, and recent developments. This evaluation was conducted to stress the major aspects that may stimulate fruit exports for developed countries markets, which are more demanding with respect to quality and sanitary aspects of the products. It was concluded that the procedures employed in Brazilian integrated food production fulfill a great part of the requirements of the most important importing markets mentioned above. However, the initiative will only become effective to differentiate products in the external markets, when international recognition is reached. The analysis suggests that despite reaching important technical developments, there is still a need of greater political efforts for the recognition of the initiative by international organizations.The work has also identified future trends for food safety requirements in the countries selected for the analysis, where consumers are more aware and demanding with respect to safety of food. This was conducted by researching the SPS notifications presented by the United States and European Union to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in the context of the SPS Agreement, starting from 1995, when it became effective. A previous analysis indicated that the measures related to limits upon agricultural chemicals were the most frequent objective of international regulation applied to production and trade of fruits. Therefore the notifications about Maximum Residual Levels (MRLs) were selected and compared to the patterns developed by the Commission of Codex Alimentarius, an institution for international reference, as established by the SPS Agreement of the WTO. The requirements presented by the importing countries in the notifications to the WTO were confronted with the Codex patterns. The results indicated that a great part of the notifications for fruits related to MRL, either for the USA or for the EU, included measures that were different from the Codex patterns. This was interpreted as a suggestion that these countries have been strongly involved in developing sanitary and phytosanitary norms in a proactive manner. This was considered a result of the demands and requirements of the countries consumers.This evaluation indicated that an important bottleneck of the Brazilian Integrated Fruit Production, which should be observed by policymakers and technicians, is the low compatibility between the agrochemical products used and the authorized residuals, with the international accepted patterns. This requires efforts to match both, the product as the level by which these are applied in production.The analysis of the notifications also indicated that there is a trend in the phytosanitary regulation that emphasizes the use of agricultural chemicals. This leads one to conclude that an aspect of fundamental importance for the expansion of Brazilian fruit exports for the major importing markets is the development of mechanisms that certify that these products are according to their requirements.
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Scott, Lesley Dalene. "Consumer testing of the preliminary paediatric food- based dietary guidelines, among English- and Afrikaans-speaking mothers, for healthy children aged 1 – 7 years in the city of Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2302.
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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.PROJECT AIM The aim of this qualitative cross-sectional descriptive study was to test the comprehensibility of the preliminary Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for healthy children aged 1-7 years. Objectives included assessing exposure to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, assessing comprehension of the proposed Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (perceptions, interpretation and understanding of terminology, concepts and descriptions), and assessing whether the guidelines can be used in meal planning. METHOD The proposed study was submitted to the Committee for Human Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, and was subsequently approved. Focus group discussions were used to collect data. The discussions were facilitated by the investigator in either English or Afrikaans, according to a predetermined discussion guideline. Mothers with children aged 1-7 years old voluntarily participated in the study. With permission from the Department of Education, mothers were contacted via randomly chosen pre-primary schools, crèches and playgroups. Focus groups were formed on the basis of language and socio-economic status (SES), using randomly selected suburbs to represent lower, middle and upper SES groups. Sixteen focus groups were conducted: 2 pilot groups, 1 English and 1 Afrikaans lower SES, 3 English and 3 Afrikaans middle SES groups, and 3 English and 3 Afrikaans upper SES groups. RESULTS A total of 76 mothers participated in the study. On the whole, the mothers understood the proposed Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines as intended by the Paediatric Working Group. The rationale behind the guidelines was not always known, but grasped once explained. No substantial differences were found between English and Afrikaans data. Differences were found between SES groups, with the highly educated upper SES groups having a better understanding of the nutritional information than the other groups. In all groups, mothers suggested that slight changes be made to the wording of the guidelines, and that examples and additional information be given along with each of the guidelines. Overall they agreed that the proposed guidelines might prove to be useful. CONCLUSION The proposed Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines were well received by the mothers in the focus groups. The target population which would most benefit from these guidelines would be the less educated, lower SES groups, as more highly educated mothers seem to already have greater exposure to nutritional information. This study shows that once the guidelines have been modified, they may be used as a comprehensive guide for nutritional education.
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Cairns, Georgina. "Is the Emperor naked? : rethinking approaches to responsible food marketing policy and research." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23933.
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The thesis aims to present a case for a rethinking of the paradigmatic frames underpinning food marketing control policy and research. In support of its contention, it reports on the methodological strategies, evidence outcomes and knowledge translation contributions of a series of research projects. The projects were commissioned by national and international policy makers during the period 2009-2015 in support of responsible food marketing policy development. They were conceptualised, developed and interpreted through participatory and iterative research planning processes. The research drew on theories and constructs from multiple disciplines. Public health, marketing and policy science contributed most, but information economics and management theories also informed research design and analysis and interpretation of findings. Its key generalizable findings can be summarised as follows: • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence indicating contemporary food and beverage marketing is an interactive, dynamic phenomenon. • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence demonstrating it significantly impacts sociocultural determinants of food behaviours. • The generation of evidence demonstrating a gap between the strategic aims of responsible marketing policy regimes and the inherent capacity of implemented interventions to constrain marketing’s food environment impacts. • The generation of evidence demonstrating that critical re-appraisal of food marketing policy research assumptions and preconceptions is a strategy supportive of policy innovation. • The generation of evidence that research intended to support real world multi-stakeholder policy development processes requires additional skills to those established and recognised as central to high quality research. These include the ability to engage with dynamic and politicised policy processes and their public communications challenges. • The generation of evidence that can inform future independent benchmark standard for responsible marketing development initiatives. • The generation of evidence that can inform future research on designing and developing policy that is ‘future proof’ and targets marketing’s sociocultural food environment impacts. Its most significant knowledge translation contributions have been: • Support for the WHO Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children (subsequently endorsed at the 2010 World Health Assembly and the 2011 United Nations General Assembly). • Participatory research contributions to the Scottish Government’s responsible marketing standard development initiative (PAS2500). • Supporting the planning and development of the Scottish Government’s Supporting Healthy Choices Policy initiative. • Knowledge exchange with policy makers and stakeholders engaged in a scoping and prioritisation initiative commissioned by the United Kingdom’s Department of Health (An analysis of the regulatory and voluntary landscape concerning the marketing and promotion of food and drink to children). • Supporting responsible marketing policy agendas targeted to the engagement of a broad mix of stakeholders in innovative policy development processes. • Supporting policy makers’ efforts to increase popular support for stronger, more effective responsible marketing policy controls. The thesis therefore aims to present evidence that the programme of research presented here has made useful and original contributions to evidence and knowledge on contemporary food marketing and its impacts on food behaviours and the food environment. It aims to build on this by demonstrating how this evidence informed and supported policy development. Through this the thesis aims to support its case that a rethinking of food marketing policy research assumptions and conceptions can expand and enrich the evidence base as well as real world policy innovation.
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Holzapfel, Sarah [Verfasser], Meike [Akademischer Betreuer] Wollni, Matin [Akademischer Betreuer] Qaim, and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Spiller. "Food Safety and Quality Standards in the Thai Horticultural Sector : Implications for Small-Scale Farmers / Sarah Kersting. Gutachter: Meike Wollni ; Matin Qaim ; Achim Spiller. Betreuer: Meike Wollni." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044307439/34.
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