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Academic literature on the topic 'Food supplement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Food supplement"

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Aditya, Rusyda Dyah Utari, Chairun Wiedyaningsih, and Susi Ari Kristina. "DEMOGRAPHICS AND FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD SUPPLEMENTS USE AMONG YOGYAKARTA POPULATION." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i12.21737.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of food supplement use and the association between foods supplement use and sociodemographic factors among Yogyakarta population.Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was developed and validated. A number of 933 participants completed the survey during September-December 2016. A convenience sampling technique was used. The sociodemographic characteristics and use of dietary supplements were collected. Frequency distributions were used to explore the use of food supplement. The relationship between demographic factors and dietary supplement use was conducted using pearson correlation analysis.Results: Food supplement daily use was reported by 63% of participants. A mean number of the supplement was 2.3 (SD 2.1). The advertisement was commonly the source of information about food supplement. Age, sex, monthly income, excercise, and smoking status were associated with food supplement use.Conclusion: Use of food supplements in this population was relatively high reﬂects that of other countries. Participants were using unreliable source of information of the beneﬁts and risks associated with supplement consumption. Health professionals should account for dietary supplements when assessing medication. Regulating bodies and public health ofﬁcers need to be aware to ensure safe practices.

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Perlitz, Hanna, Gert B. M. Mensink, Clarissa Lage Barbosa, Almut Richter, Anna-Kristin Brettschneider, Franziska Lehmann, Eleni Patelakis, Melanie Frank, Karoline Heide, and Marjolein Haftenberger. "Use of vitamin and mineral supplements among adolescents living in Germany—Results from EsKiMo II." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061208.

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Dietary supplements may contribute to nutrient intake; however, actual data on dietary supplement use among adolescents living in Germany are rare. The aim of this analysis was to describe the current use of dietary supplements, its determinants, and reasons of use. Changes in supplement use over time were evaluated by comparing the results with those from EsKiMo I (2006). Data from the Eating Study as a KiGGS Module EsKiMo II (2015–2017) were used to analyze supplement intake according to sociodemographic, health characteristics, and physical exercise behavior of 12–17-year-olds (n = 1356). Supplement use during the past four weeks was assessed by a standardized computer assisted personal interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between supplement use and its determinants. Between 2015–2017, 16.4% (95%-CI: 13.0–19.7%) of the adolescents used dietary supplements, and its use decreased with lower levels of physical exercise and overweight. Most supplement users used only one supplement, often containing both vitamins and minerals. The most frequently supplemented nutrients were vitamin C and magnesium. The main reported reason to use supplements was ‘to improve health’. Prevalence of supplement use was slightly lower in 2015-2017 than in 2006 (18.5%; 95%-CI: 15.8–21.2%). The results underline the importance of including nutrient intake through dietary supplements in nutrition surveys.

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Németh, Nikolett. "Factors influencing functional food and food supplement consumption." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 18, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.44-49.

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Functional foods and food supplements are two of the major classes of nutraceuticals or food-related products that have health benefits, such as improving health and prevention and treatment of disease. The aim of this present study is to introduce the main factors influencing functional food consumptions as well as food supplement consumption, searching for the answers to the following research questions: (1) What factors affect functional food and food supplement consumption and to what extent? (2) What is the most authentic source of information in customers’ decision making? Results of secondary and primary researches suggest that the most important factors in decision making are: experience in earlier consumption, nutrients, quality and price. Food supplements are complex products and therefore, it is difficult for consumers to check the quality of these products at point of purchase; thus food-safety is a major issue for customers when buying food supplements. It can also be concluded that the availability and reliability of the source of information can greatly determine customer’s decision making. The most authentic source of information according to customers’ opinion were the following: health care professionals, sales staff and health-related articles. These variables should be taken into account for marketers and businesses when considering product development or improving communication on nutritional and health benefits of functional food and food supplements.

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Lin, Po-Cheng, Tzyy-Wen Chiou, Po-Yen Liu, Shee-Ping Chen, Hsin-I. Wang, Pi-Chun Huang, Shinn-Zong Lin, and Horng-Jyh Harn. "Food Supplement 20070721-GX May Increase CD34+Stem Cells and Telomerase Activity." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/498051.

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Few rejuvenation and antiaging markers are used to evaluate food supplements. We measured three markers in peripheral blood to evaluate the antiaging effects of a food supplement containing placental extract. Samples were evaluated for CD34+cells, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and telomerase activity, which are all markers related to aging. To control the quality of this food supplement, five active components were monitored. In total, we examined 44 individuals who took the food supplement from 1.2 months to 23 months; the average number of CD34+cells was almost 6-fold higher in the experimental group compared with the control group. Food supplement intake did not change serum IGF1 levels significantly. Finally, the average telomerase activity was 30% higher in the subjects taking this food supplement. In summary, our results suggest that the placental extract in the food supplement might contribute to rejuvenation and antiaging.

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Patel, Khushali, Utsav Patel, Khushboo Vaghela, Niranjan Kanki, Maitreyi Zaveri, and Vinit Movaliya. "Comparisons of registration requirements of Nutraceuticals in Philippines, Tanzania, Cambodia and India." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i4.546.

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"Nutraceuticals" are the combination of Nutrition and pharmaceutical. The term Nutraceutical was given by Dr. Stephen in 1989. A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient (Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, Amino acids etc.) Numerous definitions and nomenclature for dietary supplements exist worldwide. In India Food Safety and Standards authority (FSSA), defines Nutraceuticals as "foods for special dietary uses or functional foods or health supplements". In Philippines Nutraceuticals are known as food supplement & dilatory supplement. In Sudan, Nutraceuticals are known as dietary supplement & health product .In Cambodia Nutraceuticals are known as health supplement product. Every country has their own guidelines, regulatory requirements which deal with regulatory registration procedures of Nutraceuticals. In order to enter the Indian Nutraceutical market, some of the very important areas of focus include product evaluation, actual product analysis, procuring licenses and developing India specific health and label claims.

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Payne, Martha E., Douglas R. McQuoid, David C. Steffens, and John J. B. Anderson. "Elevated brain lesion volumes in older adults who use calcium supplements: a cross-sectional clinical observational study." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000828.

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Recent studies have implicated Ca supplements in vascular risk elevation, and therefore these supplements may also be associated with the occurrence of brain lesions (or hyperintensities) in older adults. These lesions represent damage to brain tissue that is caused by ischaemia. In the present cross-sectional clinical observational study, the association between Ca-containing dietary supplement use and lesion volumes was investigated in a sample of 227 older adults (60 years and above). Food and supplemental Ca intakes were assessed with the Block 1998 FFQ; participants with supplemental Ca intake above zero were categorised as supplement users. Lesion volumes were determined from cranial MRI (1·5 tesla) scans using a semi-automated technique; volumes were log-transformed because they were non-normal. ANCOVA models revealed that supplement users had greater lesion volumes than non-users, even after controlling for food Ca intake, age, sex, race, years of education, energy intake, depression and hypertension (Ca supplement use: β = 0·34, se 0·10, F1,217= 10·98, P= 0·0011). The influence of supplemental Ca use on lesion volume was of a magnitude similar to that of the influence of hypertension, a well-established risk factor for lesions. Among the supplement users, the amount of supplemental Ca was not associated with lesion volume (β = − 0·000035, se 0·00 015, F1,139= 0·06, P= 0·81). The present study demonstrates that the use of Ca-containing dietary supplements, even low-dose supplements, by older adults may be associated with greater lesion volumes. Evaluation of randomised controlled trials is warranted to determine whether this relationship is a causal one.

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de Jong, Nynke, Marga C. Ocké, Hester A. C. Branderhorst, and Roland Friele. "Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of functional food consumers and dietary supplement users." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 2 (February 2003): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002772.

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Functional foods and/or supplements may be used in the context of a healthy lifestyle or as a means to compensate for an unhealthy lifestyle. Adverse long-term and/or cumulative effects of functional food or supplement intake are of public health concern; it is therefore important to identify functional food and supplement users. The present study compared Dutch functional food and supplement consumers with non-consumers with regard to demographic and lifestyle factors. The consumption of the most common functional foods and supplements in 2000 was studied (yoghurt with extra lactic acid bacteria, cholesterol-lowering margarine, lemonade and sweets with extra vitamins and minerals, milk and margarine with extra Ca, Ca tablets, multivitamin and mineral supplements, and Echinacea supplements). Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires filled in by a consumer panel, aged 19–91 years (response rate 76 %, n 1183), representative of the Dutch population. The number of daily consumers of functional foods or supplements appeared to be relatively low (daily use of multivitamin and mineral supplements, 20 %; all other products, 3–9 %). Explanatory variables depended on the type of product; but gender, age, education, and vegetable intake were significant factors in the logistic regression model. Consumption of cholesterol-lowering margarines was more likely to be reported by individuals with a poorer subjective health (odds ratio 2·62 (95 % CI 1·15, 6·05)) and by smokers (odds ratio 2·93 (95 % CI 1·34, 6·40)). In conclusion, determinants of functional food or supplement use depended on the type of product, so generalisation of consumer characteristics over different foods is not legitimate. In addition to research on lifestyle factors, surveys about consumers' attitudes, norms and knowledge regarding functional foods in relation to actual dietary patterns and health risk profiles are necessary.

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Bensa, Maja, Irena Vovk, and Vesna Glavnik. "Resveratrol Food Supplement Products and the Challenges of Accurate Label Information to Ensure Food Safety for Consumers." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020474.

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The food supplement market is growing as many consumers wish to complement their nutrient intake. Despite all the regulations in place to ensure food supplements safety, there are still many cases of irregularities reported especially connected to internet sales. Twenty resveratrol food supplement products sold on the Slovenian market were evaluated on their compliance of declared vs. determined resveratrol content, as well as the compliance of labels with the European Union (EU) and Slovenian regulatory requirements. Both the ingredient contents and food information are important parts of food safety. Analyses of 20 food supplements performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometry showed that 95% of products had contents different from what was declared and 55% of products contained higher contents than declared. In 25% of the products the determined content per unit exceeded the maximum level (150 mg/day) specified in EU novel food conditions for food supplement with trans-resveratrol. Evaluation of the 20 food supplement labels included mandatory and voluntary food information, food supplement information, novel food information, health claims and nutrition claims. Most labels contained the necessary information, but multiple errors were observed ranging from typos to misleading practices. From a food safety perspective there is still a lot of improvement needed in the field of food supplements.

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Koivuniemi, Ella, Kathryn Hart, Natalia Mazanowska, Stefania Ruggeri, Bernadette Egan, Laura Censi, Romana Roccaldo, et al. "Food Supplement Use Differs from the Recommendations in Pregnant Women: A Multinational Survey." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142909.

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The aim was to investigate, among pregnant women, (1) the use of food supplements and (2) the awareness of food supplement recommendations and beliefs about food supplement use in four European countries: Finland, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The participants (n = 1804) completed an online questionnaire with predefined statements. Daily intakes of vitamins and minerals were calculated using uploaded pictures or weblinks of the supplement packages. Country differences were assessed. Most participants (91%) used at least one food supplement during pregnancy. A prenatal multivitamin was the most commonly used supplement type (84% of the users), and 75% of the participants thought consumption of multivitamin is recommended. Of the participants, 81% knew that folic acid is recommended during pregnancy while 58% knew the recommendation for vitamin D. In 19% of the supplement users, the daily safe upper intake limit of at least one nutrient was exceeded. Nevertheless, most participants agreed that they knew which supplements (91%) and doses of supplements (87%) needed to be used during pregnancy. To conclude, the majority of the participants used food supplements, but lower proportions knew and adhered to the recommended intakes. Between-country differences were observed in the use and knowledge of and beliefs regarding supplements. The results suggest a need for assessment and monitoring of supplement use in antenatal care to ensure appropriate use.

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Hennessy-Priest, Kathleen, Jill Mustard, Heather Keller, Lee Rysdale, Joanne Beyers, Richard Goy, and Janis Randall Simpson. "Folic acid food fortification prevents inadequate folate intake among preschoolers from Ontario." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004667.

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AbstractObjectiveFolic acid food fortification has successfully reduced neural tube defect-affected pregnancies across Canada. The effect of this uncontrolled public health intervention on folate intake among Canadian children is, however, unknown. Our objectives were to determine folic acid intake from food fortification and whether fortification promoted adequate folate intakes, and to describe folic acid-fortified food usage among Ontario preschoolers.DesignCross-sectional data were used from the NutriSTEP™ validation project with preschoolers recruited using convenience sampling. Mean daily total folate and folic acid intakes were estimated from 3 d food records, which included multivitamin supplement use. Comparisons were made to Dietary Reference Intakes, accounting for and excluding fortificant folic acid, to determine the prevalence of inadequate and excessive intakes.SettingCanada.SubjectsTwo hundred and fifty-four preschoolers (aged 3–5 years).ResultsAll participants (130 girls, 124 boys) ate folic acid-fortified foods and 30 % (n76) used folic acid-containing supplements. Mean (se) fortificant folic acid intake was 83 (2) μg/d, which contributed 30 % and 50 % to total folate intake for supplement users and non-users, respectively. The prevalence of total folate intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement was <1 %; however, excluding fortificant folic acid, the prevalence was 32 %, 54 % and 47 % for 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds, respectively. The overall prevalence of folic acid (fortificant and supplemental) intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level was 2 % (7 % among supplement users).ConclusionsFolic acid food fortification promotes dietary folate adequacy and did not appear to result in excessive folic acid intake unless folic acid-containing supplements were consumed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Food supplement"

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Cuyún, Carter Gebra B. "Food intake, dietary practices, and nutritional supplement use among the Amish." This edition also available online via Ohio State University:, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211898334.

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Cuyun, Carter Gebra B. "FOOD INTAKE, DIETRAY PRACTICES,AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT USE AMONG THE AMISH." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211898334.

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Shaheen, Rubina. "Prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation to malnourished women in Bangladesh : Effects, Equity, and Cost-effectiveness." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267601.

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Maternal nutrition is closely linked to child health and survival. In Bangladesh there is a high prevalence of undernutrition in the form of chronic energy deficiency [CED, Body Mass Index <18.5 (kg/m2)] in women and low birth weight. The aims of this thesis are to explore women’s perceptions of maternal undernutrition, to analyse the association between prenatal food supplementation and birth weight (BW), to analyse whether food- and multiple micronutrient interventions generate pro-disadvantaged equity in child survival, and to examine whether an early prenatal invitation to food supplementation and multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) represents value for money in infant survival compared to invitation to food supplementation at usual time combined with 60 mg iron and 400 µg folic acid (standard practice). The study on women’s perceptions (n=236) was nested into the MINIMat randomized trial where women (n=4436) were allocated to early (E), or usual (U) time of invitation to prenatal food supplementation and 30 mg iron with 400 µg folic acid, or 60 mg iron with 400 µg folic acid, or MMS. Live births (n=3625) were followed-up. The analyses of equity and cost-effectiveness were based on this trial. A cohort design (n=619) was employed for the analysis of food supplements and BW. Women perceived maternal undernutrition as a serious health problem and attached very low scores to CED in pregnancy. An average of four months of prenatal food supplementation increased BW by 118 g. An early invitation to prenatal food supplementation and MMS lowered mortality in children before the age of five years and reduced social disparity in child survival chances. An increment from standard practice to E-MMS averted one extra infant death at a cost of US$797 to US$907, and saved one extra life year at a cost of US$27 to US$30. High priority should be given to the nutritional status of pregnant women in societies where undernutrition and food insecurity occurs. Prenatal food supplementation has the potential to significantly increase BW, and an early initiation of prenatal food supplementation combined with MMS was considered cost-effective in lowering infant mortality and increase social equity in child survival chances.

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Kehoe, Sarah. "The effect of a micronutrient-rich food supplement on women's health and nutrient status." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376892/.

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Gomes, Fabiana Cunha. "Caracterização do mercado português de suplementos alimentares em 2014." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8229.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The commercialization of food supplements in portuguese market requires a previous notification to DGAV. This study aimed to characterize the national market of food supplements based on notifications of labels made to DGAV, in the first quarter of 2014. The foods supplements (887) were studied and aggregated according to the characterizing ingredient (Plants/extracts, Vitamins/Minerals and Other Ingredients), purpose of use (Metabolism, Immune System, Weight Loss, Relax/Sleep, Osteoarticular, Circulation, Brain/Memory, Hair/Nails, Sexual, Hormonal System, Not Specified), the target group (Infants, Children, Seniors and General Category), legal compliance and border ingredients. After the study of characterization and based on composition and daily dose mentioned on the label, proceeded to a multivariate analysis with the goal of realizing the extent to which categories defined feature homogeneity. It has been found that the majority of foods supplements notified contains lack of information, 46% did not indicate any specification in purpose. Plants/extracts (56%) and vitamins/minerals (23%) are the characterizing ingredients more notified in national market. Due to the diversity of ingredients and amounts of food supplements reported, there is some diversity within each category. The categories that presented more diversity were plants/extracts and vitamins/minerals. Concerning the purpose of use, the group of supplements with no specified purpose of was the most heterogeneous

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Neto, Ana Filipa Gualberto. "Combate da insegurança alimentar em Moçambique: avaliação nutricional de uma mistura de produtos vegetais desidratados utilizada como suplemento alimentar." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8214.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The Franciscan Sisters’ Congregation of Nossa Senhora de Luluti, in Mozambique, has developed a multi-mixture that is being used to fight micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant and lactating women, as well as children, on the local population. This work aims at examining the nutritional value of the developed product and its suitability for addressing the needs of the target population. The multi-mixture showed a humidity of 5.99%, pH of 4.5 and aw of 0.59. The product have: 27% of fat, 24% of fiber, 21% of carbohydrates and 20% of protein. The product’s caloric value was 408.09 Kcal/100g. The multi-mixture also showed high levels of carotenoids (137.40 μg Eq β-carotene/g) and phenolic compounds (2.41 mg Eq Gallic Ac./g), which provided, the mixture with a high antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 1.84 mg Eq Trolox/g; ABTS: 1.86 mg Eq Ascorbic Ac./g). The product regarding minerals and vitamins, presented high values of: phosphorus (1019.23 mg/100 g), iron (17.44 mg/100 g), zinc (13.32 mg/100 g), magnesium (626.25 mg/100 g), vitamin B1 (0.61 mg/100 g), vitamin B2 (11.17 mg/100 g), vitamin B3 (26.59 mg/100 g), vitamin B9 (0.12 mg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.0007 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (19.53 mg/100 g). Statistically, the multi-mixture had a similar micronutrient composition to commercialized food supplements. Regarding the dosages administered on pregnant, lactating women and children the product formed homogenous groups with little Euclidean distances (≤0.56) from FDC-nutri and Centrum junior. In summary, the daily dosages currently distributed by the Congregation were proven to be insufficient, so a recommendation of at least doubling the quantity is put forward. The only exception is related to the children’s group between 1 to 3 years, as if it was doubled it would exceed the acceptable daily ingestion of magnesium

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Ruiz, García Marta. "Design, characterization and optimization of a novel liposomal based food supplement against chronic fatigue syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671428.

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In today’s society, people’s interest against health care is growing every day. On a health- concerned population, food supplements and nutraceuticals are products with an increasing interest among the global community. This thesis arises as an industrial doctorate project, with the purpose of strengthen the bioavailability and effectivity of the active substances in Reconnect®, a current product commercialized by Vitae Health Innovation, S.L. Coencapsulation of different actives has been widely studied and reported on the last decades, and concretely liposomes have already been used for the encapsulation of the isolated antioxidant actives phosphatidylserine (PS), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and vitamin C, but not as a combinatory oral therapy. Coadministration of these actives on a combinatory therapy within the liposomal encapsulation technology may provide a wide and complete supplementation with promising results on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients or people suffering from general fatigue, among others. Therefore, the design and development of a novel liposomal-based food supplement against chronic fatigue syndrome is of great industrial interest. This thesis is structured on different parts. On first place, the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of CoQ10, PS, and vitamin C was essential for the analysis and characterization of the selected drugs. The second part of the thesis, separated in two chapters, is focused on the design, characterization and optimization of two methods of liposomal production, one based on the thin-film method, being the main axis of the thesis, while the other method based on microfluidic technology was developed on a short research stay within Prof. Jing Fan’s research group of Complex Fluids and Soft Materials at the City College of New York – City University of New York (CCNY – CUNY). Finally, the third part is focused on the scaling up optimization of the most promising results of the liposomal formulation.

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Lord, Nilanka. "Economic and chemometric studies to supplement food-grade soybean variety development in the Mid-Atlantic region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101778.

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Sustainability of the soybean industry relies on the growth of new industries and the continued improvement of seeds for utilization. Grower adoption and growth of the edamame industry has been slow in part due to insufficient information on its potential profitability and marketability. As such, the first and second objectives of this thesis aimed at 1) determining production costs of hand-harvested fresh edamame enterprise and 2) exploring consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for fresh, local, organic, and "on-the-stalk" marketed edamame. Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose sugars hold tremendous implications for utilization of soybean seeds in livestock, soyfood, and probiotics industries. Current sugar phenotyping methods using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are costly and inefficient. Therefore, the third objective of this study was to develop calibrations to predict sugar content using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Results showed that labor accounted for 72% of production costs for edamame pods, which largely limits its profit potential. Mean WTP for fresh and local edamame exceeded their frozen and non-local counterparts by 94 and 88 cents, respectively. In addition, mean WTP for organic edamame exceeded non-GMO edamame by 33 cents. Pro-environmental attitudes appeared to be a consistent driver of WTP these three attributes. Meanwhile, a 40-cent discount for "on-the-stalk" edamame compared to pods indicates convenience may also be a factor in edamame marketability. Calibration development for sucrose and stachyose was successful, with R2cal, R2cv, RMSEC, and RMSECV of 0.901, 0.869, 0.516, and 0.596, and 0.911, 0.891, 0.361, and 0.405, respectively. Alternative methods should be investigated for quantification of raffinose.
Master of Science
Sustainability of the soybean industry relies on the growth of new industries and the continued improvement of seeds for utilization. Grower adoption and growth of the edamame industry has been slow in part due to insufficient information on its potential profitability and marketability. As such, the first and second objectives of this thesis aimed at 1) determining production costs of hand-harvested fresh edamame and 2) exploring relative marketing potential of fresh, local, organic, and "on-the-stalk" edamame. Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose sugars hold tremendous implications for utilization of soybean seeds in livestock, soyfood, and probiotics industries. Current methods of quantifying sugar are costly and time inefficient. Therefore, the third objective of this study was to develop prediction models to estimate sugar content using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Results showed that labor accounted for 72% of production costs for edamame pods, which largely limits its profit potential. Fresh and local edamame showed considerable marketing potential over frozen and non-local edamame. In addition, organic edamame showed marginal marketing benefit over non-GMO. Pro-environmental attitudes were an important driver of these results. Meanwhile, on-the-stalk edamame shows poor marketing potential, likely due to preference for convenience of food preparation in the U.S. NIRS prediction models for sucrose and stachyose showed strong predictive accuracy and low error, suggesting potential for implementation. The prediction model for raffinose, however, remained poor.

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Corners, Joel Blaine. "Dried distillers grains plus solubles as a protein and energy supplement for beef cattle /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137688.

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Lowell, Alison Eldridge. "Prediction of food supplement use among college students: The role of beliefs, attitude, subjective norm and intention." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185521.

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Vitamin and mineral supplementation practices of 502 college students were examined. Based on self reported use within the three months prior to completing the survey, a total of 62% of the sample of students at Pima Community College reported supplement use. Respondents were classified as non-users (38%), sporadic users (25%) or regular users (37%) of food supplements. Sporadic users were students who reported using supplements less than once per week, while regular users reported weekly or daily use. Among students taking multi-supplements, the most commonly consumed were multiple vitamins (44.9%) and multivitamins plus minerals (30.8%), with sporadic users reporting significantly lower use than regular users. The most common single supplement was vitamin C used by 55.7% of the students. Other popular single supplements were calcium (25.6%), vitamin E (21.6%) and iron (17.1%). Amino acids, garlic, aloe vera, yeast and fish oil were the most popular unconventional food supplements used. Supplement users believed that vitamins and minerals provided them with health benefits undocumented by scientific literature. Family members, newspapers, magazines, and books were the most common sources for nutrition information among these college students. Attitude was found to be a significant predictor of intention to take calcium or bee pollen supplements based on exposure to promotional pamphlets, while normative influences (family, friends and physicians) were much less strong. Improved physical vitality and scientific basis were among the strongest correlates with attitude and were the strongest predictors of behavioral intention to take calcium or bee pollen among the college students tested. These data underscore the need for educational efforts targeted toward specific errors in the beliefs of these students. Common misconceptions like vitamins and minerals increase pep and energy, reduce stress and prevent the common cold need to be refuted and scientifically based nutritional recommendations must be emphasized. The most effective vehicle for educational efforts targeting college students should be made using the sources for nutrition most used by them: popular books, magazines, and other media sources.

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Books on the topic "Food supplement"

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United States. Food and Nutrition Service. Midwest Region. Food buying guide supplement. Chicago, Ill: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Midwest Region, 1986.

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Summers, James L. Dietary supplement labeling compliance review. 3rd ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

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Yost, Debora. The anti-cancer food and supplement guide. New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2010.

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), Food and Drug Law Institute (U S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Statutory supplement. Washington, DC: Food and Drug Law Institute, 2002.

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Scala, James. Making the vitamin connection: The food supplement story. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.

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E, Dickey Lynn, Anderson Barbara, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Nutrition Monitoring Division., and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Human Nutrition Information Service., eds. Composition of foods: Raw processed prepared 1990 supplement. [Washington]: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1991.

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United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Nutrition Monitoring Division. Composition of foods: Raw, processed, prepared : 1989 supplement. [Washington, D.C.?]: U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Information Service, 1990.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Food Chemicals Codex, ed. Food chemicals codex. Second supplement to the third edition. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1986.

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A, Pich e. Leonard, Garcia Alicia C, and Webb Frances Sizer, eds. Canadian student supplement to accompany Nutrition: Concepts and controversies, Tenth Edition. Scarborough, Ont: Thomson Nelson, 2006.

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McCance, R. A. Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The composition of foods. 5th ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Food supplement"

1

Spona, Ingrid. "Food Supplements = Supplement to Food." In Mindful Prevention of Burnout in Workplace Health Management, 143–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61337-6_8.

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Clemson, Lindy, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Farrah Jacquez, Whitney Raglin, Gabriela Reed, Gabriela Reed, et al. "Food Supplement." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 810. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100665.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "food supplement." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 76. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_573.

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Tiedemann, Anne, Catherine Sherrington, Daina L. Sturnieks, Stephen R. Lord, Mark W. Rogers, Marie-Laure Mille, Paavo V. Komi, et al. "Food Supplement." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 349. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4230.

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Shevkar, Nikita, Ramesh Gadekar, Swati Talele, and Anil Jadhav. "Bovine Colostrum: Food Supplement." In Natural Food Products and Waste Recovery, 3–16. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003144748-2.

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Faustman, C. "Food from supplement-fed animals." In Technology of Reduced-Additive Foods, 160–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2115-0_8.

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Das, Saubhik. "Pseudocereals: An Efficient Food Supplement." In Amaranthus: A Promising Crop of Future, 5–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1469-7_2.

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Mathur, Meeta. "Bioactive Molecules of Spirulina: A Food Supplement." In Bioactive Molecules in Food, 1621–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_97.

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Mathur, Meeta. "Bioactive Molecules of Spirulina: A Food Supplement." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_97-1.

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Challis, Jasmine. "Supplements to support health and performance (to supplement food not replace it)." In Nutrition for Dance and Performance, 140–60. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003219002-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Food supplement"

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Rani, Samita, and Kushal Qanungo. "Zinc as food supplement." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMANS AND TECHNOLOGY: A HOLISTIC AND SYMBIOTIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ICHT 2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111998.

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Sahoo, Debasish, Virendra Vaishnav, Tanushree Chatterjee, and Navita Gupta. "HERBAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT – A MODERN APPROACH IN COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN HEALTH CARE SCIENCE." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.24.

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Preliminary pharmacological study of herbal based dietary supplement formulation based on extracts or whole plants derived from fruits, root, berries, macrofungus and leaves as a promising, safe and effective alternative to synthetic and pharmaceutical dietary supplements, in-vitro studies such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for extract of dietary supplements. Nutritional assessment of nutritional attributes as suggested by AOAC method, Phytochemical analysis by standard chemical procedures, Quantitative estimate Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Tannin. In-vitro studies of anti-microbial (well diffusion), anti-oxidant assay (DPPH assay), anti-inflammatory assay (albumin denaturation assay). FTIR analysis for detection of different functional group. The finding suggest that the plant extract have a better nutritional aspect. The extracts for the food supplement showed positive results for anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. More studies has to be concluded in respect to in-vivo tests that will conclude other pharmacological aspect of the food supplements. Reduced concentration of heavy metals and other contaminants will increase the therapeutical potency of the supplement. Stability, hold time study, dose and dosage form must be concluded in respect to achieve maximum efficacy. The herbal dietary supplement tend to better option against chemical based multi-vitamins and dietary supplements. These will enact the general well-being along with other pharmacological activities due to presence of phytochemicals present in the supplement.

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Luneva, O. E. "Food supplement “carrageenan” and its effect on the organism." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0014.

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Food additives are positioned as harmless, although, their components affectthe physiological processes associated with the permeability of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intestinal microbiota. This article describes thecarrageenan supplement and its effects on the body in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental part is devoted to analysis of the intestinalmicrobiota of laboratory rats with the consumption of the carrageenan dietary supplement in the amount of about 4,4 % of the standard feed.

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TIMOShENKO, Elena, German YaGOVENKO, and Valentina Ruckaya. "Use of lupin flour in foods’ production." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-169-175.

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Use of domestic lupin flour will significantly increase the food safety of Russian Federation by means of replacement of imported protein produced in China; their rate takes 97.5% in our market. Plant protein, particularly the lupin protein answers the demands of actual time – the country needs cheap, qualitative products made from local row material. Nutritional value of lupin flour is determined by balanced content of protein (34-46%), oil (3-10%), fiber (10.6-18.2%) and carbohydrates (15-22%). Lupin flour is used for production of gluten-free foods with dietary and therapeutic properties; flour of lupin husk is full valuable, functionally technological and promising raw materials used as food protein supplement. Food supplement enriched with processed lupin should answer the limit acceptable concentration of alkaloid in foods. Foreign lupin flour production and use have the commercial scope; at the same time it practically stopes out in the RF in spite that the perspective of lupin row materials is declared for food quality improving. The article presents the possibility of lupin flour use in development of foods with functional purposes.

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Irwan, Gabriella Rombe, Meta Mahendradatta, Suryani Tawali, Muhammad Asfar, Andi Ramli, and Abu Tawali. "Physicochemical Characteristic of Snakehead Fish (Channa Striata) Protein Dispersion Syrup as Food Supplement." In The Food Ingredient Asia Conference (FiAC). SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010541600003108.

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Gao, Qiang, Shangling Song, and Zhen You. "The Role of Nutrition Supplement and Nutrition Food in Training for Athletes." In 4th International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-16.2016.52.

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Tokhiriyon, B., V. M. Poznyakovsky, V. Yu Lapina, and O. N. Zueva. "Food supplement aimed at maintaining functional reserves of the human body: Composition and manufacturing technology development." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (FSAB 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069689.

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Smotraeva, I. V., P. E. Balanov, O. B. Ivanchenko, and A. V. Fedorov. "The Study of Amine Nitrogen in Malt Sprouts Used as a Food Supplement." In The International Conference “Health and wellbeing in modern society” (ICHW 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.201001.012.

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Tokhiriyon, B., V. M. Poznyakovsky, V. Yu Lapina, E. V. Pastushkova, and L. A. Minukhin. "Dietary supplement for maintaining and improving the musculoskeletal system and bone metabolism: Innovative solutions and efficiency evaluation." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (FSAB 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069683.

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A.A., Telegina, and Mekhantseva I.Y. "ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE INDICATORS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF APPLE POWDER ENRICHMENT OF CHILDREN'S MEAT-BASED FOOD PRODUCTS." In "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION". ДГТУ-Принт, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2021.41-45.

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The article presents an analysis of the composition and structure of the nutritional value of apple powder as a herbal supplement in baby food. The chemical composition of apple powder is considered in comparison with other additives used by manufacturers of baby food. The article reveals the use of apple powder in meat-based children's food products in order to increase their nutritional value.

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Reports on the topic "Food supplement"

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Risk Assessment, FSA Regulated Products. Safety Assessment: Outcome of the assessment of 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) as a novel food. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.crr177.

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The novel food is 3-FL which is intended to be used as a source of human identical milk oligosaccharides. 3-FL is manufactured by microbial fermentation using a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12, and then refined to yield the purified novel food. This new application is seeking to use the novel food within the food following categories: dairy products and analogues, bakery wares, foods for special groups, beverages, and also as a food supplement. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with added 3-FL or breast milk are consumed the same day. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The Committee concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, 3-FL, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous and does not mislead consumers. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in the regulatory assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.

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Risk Assessment, FSA Regulated Products. Safety Assessment: Outcome of the assessment of lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-l) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a novel food. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cmi652.

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An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in March 2021 from Glycom A/S, Denmark (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of a mixture of lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-l) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a novel food. The novel food is a mixture of LNFP-l and 2'-FL which is intended to be used as a source of human identical milk oligosaccharides. LNFP-l/2'-FL is manufactured by microbial fermentation using a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12, and then refined to yield the purified novel food. This new application is seeking to use the novel food within the following food categories: dairy products and analogues, bakery wares, foods for special groups, beverages, and also as a food supplement. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with added LNFP-l/2’-FL or breast milk are consumed the same day. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The Committee concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, LNFP-l/2’-FL, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous and does not mislead consumers. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in this safety assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS on LNFP-l/2’-FL.

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Anderson, Sharron, Antony Lloyd, Malcom Baxter, Michael Walls, and Victoria Bailey-Horne. Turmeric survey – Final report. Food Standards Agency, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ojv940.

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The consumption of turmeric supplements is increasingly popular and is reported to provide numerous health benefits including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anticarcinogenic, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiplatelet activities [1]. However, in recent months there has been a number of reports of hepatotoxicity linked to the consumption of these supplements. Such reports and scientific publications led to a review of the safety of turmeric and curcumin by the UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT). The statement issued by COT in November 2019 concluded “Given past reported contamination issues with turmeric supplements, the Committee concluded that there would be value in commissioning a chemical analysis of turmeric supplements and raw/powdered turmeric available on the UK market”. To address this conclusion the FSA requested Fera to: develop and validate in-house method(s) for measuring curcumin in turmeric containing supplements, ground/powdered turmeric and raw/fresh turmeric develop and validate in-house a method for measuring piperine in turmeric containing supplements purchase turmeric containing supplements (n=15), ground/powdered turmeric (n=10) and raw/fresh turmeric (n=5) from a mixture of local outlets and over the internet analyse all 30 samples for trace elements and curcumin analyse all supplement samples for piperine content.

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Gafner, Stefan, and Josef Brinckmann. Adulteration of European Elder (Sambucus nigra) Berries and Berry Extracts. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.bapb/dgms7687.

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This bulletin aims to provide general information on European elder (Sambucus nigra, syn. S. nigra subsp. nigra) berry (often spelled “elderberry”) and berries from other Sambucus species in commerce, such as American elder (S. canadensis, syn. S. nigra subsp. canadensis), blue elder (S. cerulea, syn. S. nigra subsp. cerulea), and dwarf elder (S. ebulus), and berry extracts as ingredients in dietary supplements and food products and summarize the available information on adulteration, mislabeling, counterfeiting, and fraud of elder berry extract and its products (e.g. capsules, syrups, et al.). It also provides information on trade and market dynamics, laboratory methods for detecting adulteration, and economic and safety implications for the consumer, health professional, and industry. It may be used as guidance for quality control personnel, members of the international phytomedicine and botanical supplement industries, and the extended natural products community in general.

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Provenza, Frederick, Avi Perevolotsky, and Nissim Silanikove. Consumption of Tannin-Rich Forage by Ruminants: From Mechanism to Improved Performance. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695840.bard.

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Trees and shrubs are potentially important sources of food for livestock in many parts of the world, but their use is limited by tannins. Tannins reduce food intake by decreasing digestibility or by causing illness. Supplementing cattle, sheep, and goats with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has a high affinity for binding tannins and thus attenuating their aversive effects, increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves weight gains and wool growth. The objectives of this proposal were: Objective 1: To further delineate the conditions under which PEG affects intake of high-tannin foods. Objective 2: To ascertain if animals self-regulate intake of PEG in accord with the tannin content of their diet under pen, paddock, and field conditions. Objective 3: To determine how nutritional status and PEG supplementation affect preference for foods varying in nutrients and tannins. Objective 4: To assess the effects of PEG on food selection, intake, and livestock performance in different production systems. The results from this research show that supplementing livestock with low doses of PEG increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves performance of cattle, sheep, and goats. Neutralizing the effects of tannins with supplemental PEG promotes the use of woody species usually considered useless as forage resources. Supplementing animals with PEG has the potential to improve the profitability - mainly milk production - of high-yielding dairy goats fed high-quality foods and supplemented with browse in Mediterranean areas. However, its contribution to production systems utilizing low-yielding goats is limited. Our findings also support the notion that supplemental PEG enhances the ability of livestock to control shrub encroachment and to maintain firebreaks. However, our work also suggests that the effectiveness of supplemental PEG may be low if alternative forages are equal or superior in nutritional quality and contain fewer metabolites with adverse effects.

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Risk Assessment, FSA Regulated Products. Safety Assessment: Outcome of assessment of Cetylated Fatty Acids as a Novel Food. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.loq953.

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An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in February 2021 from Pharmaneutra S.p.a., Italy (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of cetylated fatty acids as a novel food. The novel food is a mixture of cetylated fatty acids, cetyl myristate and cetyl oleate, which are synthesised from cetyl alcohol with myristic acid and, cetyl alcohol with oleic acid, respectively. These two cetylated fatty acids are then blended with olive oil to give a finished product containing 70 – 80% cetylated fatty acids. The application is a new application, seeking to use cetylated fatty acids within the food category: food supplements. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The Committee concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, cetylated fatty acids, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous and does not mislead consumers. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in this safety assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS on cetylated fatty acids.

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Steffensen, Inger-Lise. Safer food supplements in the Nordic countries. Nordic Council of Ministers, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/na2019-901.

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Kuchler, Fred, Megan Sweitzer, and Carolyn Chelius. prevalence of the "natural" claim on food product packaging. Washington, D.C.: USDA Economic Research Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8023700.ers.

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U.S. food suppliers make claims about their production processes on food packaging that highlight attributes some consumers want while charging a higher price than for unlabeled products. Some labels use such claims as "USDA Organic" and "raised without antibiotics," which require different and more expensive production techniques than conventional agriculture. However, food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is "natural" at a relatively low cost because regulatory agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and the product was minimally processed. Numerous consumer food choice studies concluded that consumers equate the natural label on food with healthier food choices and more costly production practices that signify environmental stewardship. Informed by these previous studies' findings, the authors of this report estimate the frequency with which food suppliers make the natural claim on food packaging labels. Estimates are based on scanner data and comprehensive label data. Across all foods in 2018, 16.3 percent of retail food expenditures and 16.9 percent of all items purchased (unit sales) were for foods labeled natural, whereas 11.0 percent of Universal Product Codes (UPC) in stores were labeled natural on the packaging. Expenditures for food labeled natural were larger than expenditures for foods labeled USDA Organic. Natural labels were found predominately on processed products. For example, 95.6 percent of expenditures for vitamins and meal supplements were for products labeled natural, compared with 0.5 percent of expenditures for potatoes

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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.

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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury & lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).

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Pitt, Jordan A., Neelakanteswar Aluru, and Hahn Hahn. Supplemental materials for book chapter: Microplastics in Marine Food Webs. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29556.

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The identification of microplastics (MPs; 1 µm - 5 mm) and the inferred presence of nanoplastics (NPs; <1 µm) in a wide variety of marine animals, including many seafood species, has raised important questions about the presence, movement, and impacts of these particles in marine food webs. Understanding microplastic dynamics in marine food webs requires elucidation of the processes involved, including bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and biomagnification. However, in the context of microplastics and nanoplastics these concepts are often misunderstood. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of the literature on the behavior of plastic particles in marine food webs. We find clear evidence of trophic transfer, equivocal evidence for bioaccumulation, and no evidence for biomagnification. We also identify a number of knowledge gaps that limit our ability to draw firm conclusions at this time. These supplemental documents are in support of an invited chapter to be published in this book: S.E. Shumway and J.E. Ward (Eds.) Plastics in the Sea: Occurrence and Impacts (Elsevier 2023).

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