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Cuyún, Carter Gebra B. "Food intake, dietary practices, and nutritional supplement use among the Amish." This edition also available online via Ohio State University:, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211898334.
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Cuyun, Carter Gebra B. "FOOD INTAKE, DIETRAY PRACTICES,AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT USE AMONG THE AMISH." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211898334.
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Shaheen, Rubina. "Prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation to malnourished women in Bangladesh : Effects, Equity, and Cost-effectiveness." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267601.
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Maternal nutrition is closely linked to child health and survival. In Bangladesh there is a high prevalence of undernutrition in the form of chronic energy deficiency [CED, Body Mass Index <18.5 (kg/m2)] in women and low birth weight. The aims of this thesis are to explore women’s perceptions of maternal undernutrition, to analyse the association between prenatal food supplementation and birth weight (BW), to analyse whether food- and multiple micronutrient interventions generate pro-disadvantaged equity in child survival, and to examine whether an early prenatal invitation to food supplementation and multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) represents value for money in infant survival compared to invitation to food supplementation at usual time combined with 60 mg iron and 400 µg folic acid (standard practice). The study on women’s perceptions (n=236) was nested into the MINIMat randomized trial where women (n=4436) were allocated to early (E), or usual (U) time of invitation to prenatal food supplementation and 30 mg iron with 400 µg folic acid, or 60 mg iron with 400 µg folic acid, or MMS. Live births (n=3625) were followed-up. The analyses of equity and cost-effectiveness were based on this trial. A cohort design (n=619) was employed for the analysis of food supplements and BW. Women perceived maternal undernutrition as a serious health problem and attached very low scores to CED in pregnancy. An average of four months of prenatal food supplementation increased BW by 118 g. An early invitation to prenatal food supplementation and MMS lowered mortality in children before the age of five years and reduced social disparity in child survival chances. An increment from standard practice to E-MMS averted one extra infant death at a cost of US$797 to US$907, and saved one extra life year at a cost of US$27 to US$30. High priority should be given to the nutritional status of pregnant women in societies where undernutrition and food insecurity occurs. Prenatal food supplementation has the potential to significantly increase BW, and an early initiation of prenatal food supplementation combined with MMS was considered cost-effective in lowering infant mortality and increase social equity in child survival chances.
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Kehoe, Sarah. "The effect of a micronutrient-rich food supplement on women's health and nutrient status." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376892/.
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Gomes, Fabiana Cunha. "Caracterização do mercado português de suplementos alimentares em 2014." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8229.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe commercialization of food supplements in portuguese market requires a previous notification to DGAV. This study aimed to characterize the national market of food supplements based on notifications of labels made to DGAV, in the first quarter of 2014. The foods supplements (887) were studied and aggregated according to the characterizing ingredient (Plants/extracts, Vitamins/Minerals and Other Ingredients), purpose of use (Metabolism, Immune System, Weight Loss, Relax/Sleep, Osteoarticular, Circulation, Brain/Memory, Hair/Nails, Sexual, Hormonal System, Not Specified), the target group (Infants, Children, Seniors and General Category), legal compliance and border ingredients. After the study of characterization and based on composition and daily dose mentioned on the label, proceeded to a multivariate analysis with the goal of realizing the extent to which categories defined feature homogeneity. It has been found that the majority of foods supplements notified contains lack of information, 46% did not indicate any specification in purpose. Plants/extracts (56%) and vitamins/minerals (23%) are the characterizing ingredients more notified in national market. Due to the diversity of ingredients and amounts of food supplements reported, there is some diversity within each category. The categories that presented more diversity were plants/extracts and vitamins/minerals. Concerning the purpose of use, the group of supplements with no specified purpose of was the most heterogeneous
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Neto, Ana Filipa Gualberto. "Combate da insegurança alimentar em Moçambique: avaliação nutricional de uma mistura de produtos vegetais desidratados utilizada como suplemento alimentar." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8214.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe Franciscan Sisters’ Congregation of Nossa Senhora de Luluti, in Mozambique, has developed a multi-mixture that is being used to fight micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant and lactating women, as well as children, on the local population. This work aims at examining the nutritional value of the developed product and its suitability for addressing the needs of the target population. The multi-mixture showed a humidity of 5.99%, pH of 4.5 and aw of 0.59. The product have: 27% of fat, 24% of fiber, 21% of carbohydrates and 20% of protein. The product’s caloric value was 408.09 Kcal/100g. The multi-mixture also showed high levels of carotenoids (137.40 μg Eq β-carotene/g) and phenolic compounds (2.41 mg Eq Gallic Ac./g), which provided, the mixture with a high antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 1.84 mg Eq Trolox/g; ABTS: 1.86 mg Eq Ascorbic Ac./g). The product regarding minerals and vitamins, presented high values of: phosphorus (1019.23 mg/100 g), iron (17.44 mg/100 g), zinc (13.32 mg/100 g), magnesium (626.25 mg/100 g), vitamin B1 (0.61 mg/100 g), vitamin B2 (11.17 mg/100 g), vitamin B3 (26.59 mg/100 g), vitamin B9 (0.12 mg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.0007 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (19.53 mg/100 g). Statistically, the multi-mixture had a similar micronutrient composition to commercialized food supplements. Regarding the dosages administered on pregnant, lactating women and children the product formed homogenous groups with little Euclidean distances (≤0.56) from FDC-nutri and Centrum junior. In summary, the daily dosages currently distributed by the Congregation were proven to be insufficient, so a recommendation of at least doubling the quantity is put forward. The only exception is related to the children’s group between 1 to 3 years, as if it was doubled it would exceed the acceptable daily ingestion of magnesium
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Ruiz, García Marta. "Design, characterization and optimization of a novel liposomal based food supplement against chronic fatigue syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671428.
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In today’s society, people’s interest against health care is growing every day. On a health- concerned population, food supplements and nutraceuticals are products with an increasing interest among the global community. This thesis arises as an industrial doctorate project, with the purpose of strengthen the bioavailability and effectivity of the active substances in Reconnect®, a current product commercialized by Vitae Health Innovation, S.L.
Coencapsulation of different actives has been widely studied and reported on the last decades, and concretely liposomes have already been used for the encapsulation of the isolated antioxidant actives phosphatidylserine (PS), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and vitamin C, but not as a combinatory oral therapy. Coadministration of these actives on a combinatory therapy within the liposomal encapsulation technology may provide a wide and complete supplementation with promising results on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients or people suffering from general fatigue, among others. Therefore, the design and development of a novel liposomal-based food supplement against chronic fatigue syndrome is of great industrial interest.
This thesis is structured on different parts. On first place, the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of CoQ10, PS, and vitamin C was essential for the analysis and characterization of the selected drugs.
The second part of the thesis, separated in two chapters, is focused on the design, characterization and optimization of two methods of liposomal production, one based on the thin-film method, being the main axis of the thesis, while the other method based on microfluidic technology was developed on a short research stay within Prof. Jing Fan’s research group of Complex Fluids and Soft Materials at the City College of New York – City University of New York (CCNY – CUNY).
Finally, the third part is focused on the scaling up optimization of the most promising results of the liposomal formulation.
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Lord, Nilanka. "Economic and chemometric studies to supplement food-grade soybean variety development in the Mid-Atlantic region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101778.
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Sustainability of the soybean industry relies on the growth of new industries and the continued improvement of seeds for utilization. Grower adoption and growth of the edamame industry has been slow in part due to insufficient information on its potential profitability and marketability. As such, the first and second objectives of this thesis aimed at 1) determining production costs of hand-harvested fresh edamame enterprise and 2) exploring consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for fresh, local, organic, and "on-the-stalk" marketed edamame. Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose sugars hold tremendous implications for utilization of soybean seeds in livestock, soyfood, and probiotics industries. Current sugar phenotyping methods using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are costly and inefficient. Therefore, the third objective of this study was to develop calibrations to predict sugar content using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Results showed that labor accounted for 72% of production costs for edamame pods, which largely limits its profit potential. Mean WTP for fresh and local edamame exceeded their frozen and non-local counterparts by 94 and 88 cents, respectively. In addition, mean WTP for organic edamame exceeded non-GMO edamame by 33 cents. Pro-environmental attitudes appeared to be a consistent driver of WTP these three attributes. Meanwhile, a 40-cent discount for "on-the-stalk" edamame compared to pods indicates convenience may also be a factor in edamame marketability. Calibration development for sucrose and stachyose was successful, with R2cal, R2cv, RMSEC, and RMSECV of 0.901, 0.869, 0.516, and 0.596, and 0.911, 0.891, 0.361, and 0.405, respectively. Alternative methods should be investigated for quantification of raffinose.Master of Science
Sustainability of the soybean industry relies on the growth of new industries and the continued improvement of seeds for utilization. Grower adoption and growth of the edamame industry has been slow in part due to insufficient information on its potential profitability and marketability. As such, the first and second objectives of this thesis aimed at 1) determining production costs of hand-harvested fresh edamame and 2) exploring relative marketing potential of fresh, local, organic, and "on-the-stalk" edamame. Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose sugars hold tremendous implications for utilization of soybean seeds in livestock, soyfood, and probiotics industries. Current methods of quantifying sugar are costly and time inefficient. Therefore, the third objective of this study was to develop prediction models to estimate sugar content using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Results showed that labor accounted for 72% of production costs for edamame pods, which largely limits its profit potential. Fresh and local edamame showed considerable marketing potential over frozen and non-local edamame. In addition, organic edamame showed marginal marketing benefit over non-GMO. Pro-environmental attitudes were an important driver of these results. Meanwhile, on-the-stalk edamame shows poor marketing potential, likely due to preference for convenience of food preparation in the U.S. NIRS prediction models for sucrose and stachyose showed strong predictive accuracy and low error, suggesting potential for implementation. The prediction model for raffinose, however, remained poor.
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Corners, Joel Blaine. "Dried distillers grains plus solubles as a protein and energy supplement for beef cattle /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137688.
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Lowell, Alison Eldridge. "Prediction of food supplement use among college students: The role of beliefs, attitude, subjective norm and intention." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185521.
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Vitamin and mineral supplementation practices of 502 college students were examined. Based on self reported use within the three months prior to completing the survey, a total of 62% of the sample of students at Pima Community College reported supplement use. Respondents were classified as non-users (38%), sporadic users (25%) or regular users (37%) of food supplements. Sporadic users were students who reported using supplements less than once per week, while regular users reported weekly or daily use. Among students taking multi-supplements, the most commonly consumed were multiple vitamins (44.9%) and multivitamins plus minerals (30.8%), with sporadic users reporting significantly lower use than regular users. The most common single supplement was vitamin C used by 55.7% of the students. Other popular single supplements were calcium (25.6%), vitamin E (21.6%) and iron (17.1%). Amino acids, garlic, aloe vera, yeast and fish oil were the most popular unconventional food supplements used. Supplement users believed that vitamins and minerals provided them with health benefits undocumented by scientific literature. Family members, newspapers, magazines, and books were the most common sources for nutrition information among these college students. Attitude was found to be a significant predictor of intention to take calcium or bee pollen supplements based on exposure to promotional pamphlets, while normative influences (family, friends and physicians) were much less strong. Improved physical vitality and scientific basis were among the strongest correlates with attitude and were the strongest predictors of behavioral intention to take calcium or bee pollen among the college students tested. These data underscore the need for educational efforts targeted toward specific errors in the beliefs of these students. Common misconceptions like vitamins and minerals increase pep and energy, reduce stress and prevent the common cold need to be refuted and scientifically based nutritional recommendations must be emphasized. The most effective vehicle for educational efforts targeting college students should be made using the sources for nutrition most used by them: popular books, magazines, and other media sources.
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Hackett, Michelle. "Validation of a household food security survey applied with low-income households with pre-school aged children participating in the MANA food supplement program in Antioquia, Colombia." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1208375793.
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Barbosa, Cássia Helena Vieira. "Alimentos e suplementos alimentares contendo selénio : riscos e benefícios." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13434.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança AlimentarA alteração dos hábitos alimentares e do estilo de vida afetou a saúde e o bem-estar da população. Para colmatar deficiências nutricionais muitas vezes é recomendado o consumo de suplementos alimentares. Os suplementos alimentares são géneros alimentícios que se destinam a complementar e/ou suplementar o regime alimentar normal e que constituem fontes concentradas de determinadas substâncias nutrientes ou outras com efeito nutricional ou fisiológico, estremes ou combinadas, e podem ser comercializadas em diversas formas doseadas. O selénio é um micronutriente essencial e muitos estudos já demostraram a sua importância para o Homem devido as suas propriedades antioxidantes, neuro- e cardioprotetoras, anti-inflamatórias, além de atuar na prevenção do cancro. O selénio está presente em diversos alimentos, sendo que se encontra em maior concentração nos peixes, mariscos e castanha-do-pará. Os objetivos gerais deste trabalho são identificar os suplementos alimentares de selénio mais frequentemente comercializados em Portugal e as principais vias de comercialização, e ainda, analisar a legislação em vigor. O trabalho prático realizado teve como objetivo específico avaliar os níveis de exposição ao selénio numa população de grávidas da Ilha da Madeira e avaliar o risco/benefício com base nos níveis de ingestão do selénio e nas doses recomendadas de ingestão. A concentração média de selénio analisado por espectrofotometria de absorção atómica com geração de hidretos (HG-AAS) no plasma de mulheres grávidas foi de 46 ± 12 μg/L. Os valores mínimos e máximos observados foram, respetivamente, 25 e 79 μg/L. A concentração média obtida é um valor baixo quando comparado com estudos realizados noutros países. Através de um inquérito alimentar foi estimada a concentração média de selénio por refeição de peixe em 70 μg, o que significa que o peixe ingerido contribui com 42% da dose diária recomendada de selénio. A correlação entre a concentração de selénio no plasma e a dose diária de selénio estimada não foi significativa. Apesar de o peixe ser uma boa fonte de selénio, o consumo de espécies predadoras como o atum e o peixe-espada preto deve ser moderado devido a presença de poluentes tais como o mercúrio. As grávidas devem optar pelo consumo de outros alimentos ricos em selénio, bem como suplementos alimentares para aumentar a ingestão diária de selénio, e consequentemente, os níveis plasmáticos.
ABSTRACT - Foods and food supplements containing selenium: Risks and Benefits - The change in eating habits and lifestyle affect the health and well-being of the population. To address nutritional deficiencies is often recommended to consume food supplements. Food supplements are foodstuffs that are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, alone or in combination, marketed in different dose form with the purpose to supplement the normal diet. Selenium is an essential micronutrient and multiples studies have shown its importance in the human body due to its antioxidant properties. Selenium is also known for its neuro- and cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties as well as its role in cancer prevention. Selenium is present in several foods and it can be found in higher concentration in fish, seafood and Brazilian nuts. The aims of this study are to identify food supplements of selenium most frequently marketed in Portugal and the leading channels of distribution, as well as the analysis of the legislation in force. The practical assignment carried out had as specific objective to evaluate the selenium exposure levels in a population of pregnant women of Madeira Island and evaluate the risk / benefit based on selenium intake levels and the intake of recommended doses. The mean concentration of selenium analyzed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) in plasma of pregnant women was 46 ± 12 μg/L. The minimum and the maximum values observed were 25 μg/L and 79 μg/L, respectively. The average concentration obtained is a low value compared to studies conducted in other countries. Through a food frequency questionnaire, the mean concentration of selenium per fish meal estimated was 70 μg, which means that the fish ingested contributes with 42% of the recommended daily intake of selenium. The correlation between the plasma selenium concentration and the estimated daily dose of selenium was not significant. Despite being a good source of selenium, consumption of predatory species such as tuna and black scabbrd should be moderate due to the presence of pollutants such as mercury. Pregnant women should opt for the consumption of other food rich in selenium, as well as food supplements to increase the daily intake of selenium, and consequently plasma levels.
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Sievers, Jerrie Ann. "NUTRITION AND HEALTH BELIEFS IN FOOD SUPPLEMENT USE: A STUDY OF THE HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL THEORY (VITAMINS, HABITS, MINERALS, TOXICITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291271.
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Norcross, Rebecca G. "IMPACT OF ALGAE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS COMBINED WITH ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE NUTRITIONAL PROFILE, QUALITY ATTRIBUTES, AND STORAGE STABILITY OF CHICKEN BREAST MEAT." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/52.
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Consumers’ demands for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are at all-time high. Algae, a common source of PUFAs, and antioxidants are both used as supplements in livestock feeds, are known to affect the overall quality of meat. To implement PUFA deposits into broiler meat, this study evaluated combining antioxidants and algae in broiler feed to enhance the breast meat quality. Broilers were fed diets supplemented with 50 IU Vitamin E or 200 g/ton EconomasE (EcoE, an antioxidant pack) plus 10 IU Vitamin E, with or without 0.5% algae extract (SP-1). The feed oil was partially oxidized soybean oil (POV: 86 mEq of O2/kg). The feed supplementation with combined SP-1 and EcoE increased meat lipid oxidation but had no effect on protein. This combination supplement substantially reduced (P < 0.05) meat exudation during refrigerated storage while no evident differences were seen on cooking loss or tenderness between diets. Meat from SP-1 supplemented diets was found less acceptable than meat from other diets due to detected off-flavors. The results indicate that EcoE at a supplementation level other than 200 g/ton may be required to overcome off-flavors of broiler meat due to feed incorporation of 0.5% SP-1 with oxidized oil.
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Caselato, de Sousa Valéria Maria. "Impacto de um produto dietetico sobre o estado nutricional em idosos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255719.
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Orientadores: Valdemiro Carlos Sgarbieri, Maria Elena GuarientoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Os idosos constituem-se em um grupo de risco para deficiências nutricionais, devido às dificuldades na manutenção da adequada ingestão energética e de nutrientes por meio de uma alimentação balanceada. O desenvolvimento de meios para a recuperação do estado nutricional e o estímulo de uma resposta positiva na saúde dos idosos é de fundamental importância. A suplementação alimentar é um meio válido e eficaz para a recuperação e manutenção do estado nutricional em idosos. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de um produto dietético sobre o estado nutricional de idosos desnutridos ou em risco de desnutrição, particularmente nos parâmetros de consumo alimentar, antropométricos e bioquímicos, foi realizado o estudo de caso. Este estudo de caso foi prospectivo, com 14 idosos, entre 68 e 95 anos de idade, que receberam um produto dietético oral, desenvolvido na Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos ¿ UNICAMP, composto de proteína do soro do leite, hidrolisado de colágeno, carboidratos, inulina e frutooligossacarídeos, vitaminas e minerais, ao longo de três meses. Para a seleção dos idosos foi aplicada a escala Mini-Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e selecionados quando apresentaram desnutrição ou risco de desnutrição. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi determinada por parâmetros dietéticos, antropométricos e bioquímicos coletadas no tempo 0 e tempo 2. Os parâmetros dietéticos foram obtidos através do registro alimentar de três dias, onde foram analisados a energia e os nutrientes carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, vitamina B12, ácido fólico, cálcio, magnésio e zinco. Os parâmetros antropométricos mensurados foram peso (P), altura (A), prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), circunferência do braço (CB), circunferência da panturrilha (CP), circunferência da coxa (CCx), área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc), circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (CQ), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), a composição corporal e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) foram avaliadas por bioimpedância elétrica (BIA). Os parâmetros bioquímicos mensurados foram as dosagens de glicemia de jejum e perfil renal (uréia e creatinina), proteínas séricas (proteínas totais e albumina), perfil lipídico (colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicérides), Vitamina B12, ácido fólico, cálcio, magnésio e zinco. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística. Como resposta à ingestão do produto dietético foram observadas evidências nos seguintes parâmetros: na avaliação do consumo alimentar houve influência nos valores de ácido fólico, cálcio e magnésio; nos parâmetros antropométricos, embora não fossem observadas diferenças estatísticas, o ganho de peso médio em encontrado nos idosos foi de 1,88 kg; nos parâmetros bioquímicos, constatou-se que houve um aumento significativo nas dosagens de proteínas totais e albumina, colesterol total, ácido fólico, magnésio. Conclui-se que o produto dietético teve um efeito positivo em alguns parâmetros avaliados, melhorando o estado nutricional dos idosos, proporcionando um aumento no peso corporal
Abstract: The elderly is considered to be a risk group for nutritional deficiencies due to difficulties in maintining an adequate energy and nutrient intake through a balanced diet. It is extremely important to create ways to recover the nutritional status and promote a positive response in the health of elderly individuals. Food supplementation is a valid and viable way for recovering and maintaining the nutritional status of the elderly. This case study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of a dietetic product on the nutritional status, particurlarly on the dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters of malnourished elderly or elderly at risk of malnutrition. This was a prospective case study, with 14 elderly individuals aged between 68 and 95, who received an oral dietetic product, developt in the Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos ¿ UNICAMP, that it composes of whey protein isolated and a bovine collagen hydrolysate, carbohydrates, inuline, frutooligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, for three months. For the selection of the elderly, the Mini Nutritional Assessemnt (MAN) scale was applied to choose those who presented malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. The assessment of the nutritional status was dertermined by dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters estimated at time 0 and time 2. The dietetic parameters were obtained from recording the food intake of the individuals for three days and then analyzing nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium, magnesium and zinc. The measured anthropometric parameters were weight (W), height (H), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm circumference (AC), calf circumference (CC), thigh circumference (TC), corrected arm muscle area (CAMA), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), and the body composition and fat-free mass (FFM) were evaluated by of the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The measured biochemical parameters were the dosages of fasting glycemia and renal function, serum proteins (total proteins and albumin), lipidic profile (total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides), Vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium, magnesium and zinc. The collected data was submitted to statistical analysis. The responses to the diet product intake we as follows: for the dietary intake, the product had influence on the values of folic acid, calcium and magnesium; for anthropometric parameters, though statistical differences were not observed, there was an average 1.88-kg weight gain in the elderly; for biochemical parameters, a significant increase in the dosage of serum proteins and albumin, total cholesterol, folic acid and magnesium was observed. The data suggested that the diet product had a positive effect on some of the evaluated parameters, improving the nutritional status of the elderly and promoting a gain of body weight
Mestrado
Nutrição Basica e Experimental
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Basu, Kaul Lopamudra Sanjay. "Combined Study of a New Processing Technique and Formulation of a High Energy Protein Supplement to Contribute to the U. N. Millennium Task Force’s Global Developmental Goal." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322651674.
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SOUZA, JEFFERSON RODRIGUES DE. "METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SE BY ICP-MS AND ITS SPECIES BY HPLC-ICP-MS IN FOOD SUPPLEMENT AND IN ISOTOPICALLY ENRICHED YEAST." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33733@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O consumo de suplementos alimentares tem apresentado um aumento significativo nos últimos anos principalmente pelo grande apelo desse produto em relação a complementação da dieta com elementos essenciais e a melhora e manutenção da saúde. A combinação do crescente consumo e o livre acesso a esse produto, aliado a ausência de fiscalização por parte dos órgãos governamentais torna seu consumo descontrolado, um potencial risco a saúde da população. Nesse cenário o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos destinados ao controle de qualidade incluindo a determinação da concentração de selênio total e de suas espécies torna-se uma necessidade. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas metodologias para a quantificação de selênio total por ICP-MS e suas espécies inorgânicas (Se IV e Se VI) e selenometionina por HPLC-ICP-MS em amostras de suplementos alimentares enriquecidos em selênio e em amostra de levedura enriquecida isotopicamente em 78Se. A metodologia para determinação de selênio total, utilizando diferentes gases de reação, foi otimizada empregando planejamento experimental e os limites de detecção encontrados foram entre 0,01 mg kg(-1) (CH4) e 0,1 mg kg(-1) (NH3) e a concordância com o MRC Selm-1 de entre 99 por cento (NH3) e 104 por cento (CH4). Os resultados encontrados referentes à concentração de selênio nas amostras de suplementos alimentares apresentaram uma discrepância em relação ao valor informado no rótulo entre -29 por cento e +170 por cento e, de maneira complementar, o acoplamento do HPLC ao ICP-MS permitiu realizar a especiação de selênio nas amostras de suplemento alimentar. O emprego das técnicas ICP-MS, HPLC-ICP-MS e ESI-MS possibilitou a caracterização de uma amostra de levedura enriquecida isotopicamente em 78Se em termos de sua distribuição isotópica, concentração de selênio total e selenometionina bem como proteínas com peso molecular de aproximadamente 12 kDa.
The consumption of dietary supplements has a significant increase in recent years mainly for a great appeal of this product in relation to a complementation of the diet with essential elements and an improvement and maintenance of health. The combination of increased consumption and free access to this product, associated to the lack in the inspection by government, makes their consumption uncontrolled and a potential risk to the citizen health. In this scenario the development of analytical methods for quality control, including a determination of the total selenium concentration and its species becomes a primordial necessity. For this, methodologies were developed for quantification of total selenium by ICP-MS and its inorganic species (Se IV and Se VI) and selenomethionine by HPLC-ICP-MS in samples of selenium-based food supplements and in isotopically enriched yeast sample in 78Se. The methodology for total selenium determination was optimized by experimental design and the limits of detection were in the range of 0.01 mg kg(-1) (CH4) and 0.1 mg kg(-1) (NH3) and the agreement with the CRM Selm-1 were between 99 percent (NH3) and 104 percent (CH4). The results found for selenium content in the food supplements samples presented a discrepancy in relation to the labeled value between -29 percent and + 170 percent and, complementarily, coupling of HPLC to ICP-MS allowed an speciation analysis in the food supplements samples. The use of the ICP-MS, HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-MS techniques enabled a characterization of a 78Se isotopically enriched yeast sample in terms of its isotopic distribution, total selenium concentration and selenomethionine as well as proteins with molecular weight of approximately 12 kDa.
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Musatti, A. "ENHANCEMENT OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE GLUTATHIONE AND MICRONUTRIENTS CONTENT FOR NUTRACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171119.
Full textAbstract:
This Ph.D. research concerns nutritional and microbiological aspects, and the final aim of this project is the development of innovative food supplements formulations containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enriched, by biotechnological processes, with micronutrients and antioxidant molecules.
This idea was supported by the fact that even if in the developed world a clinical deficiency of micronutrients is uncommon, a suboptimal intake of certain micronutrients has been linked with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as CVD (cardiovascular disease) and cancer; moreover external factors, such as smoke, UV radiations and pollution contribute to oxidative stress and to the formation of free radicals that are considered to contribute to the risk of cancer. In this context and to contain cellular damage, an important role has recently been attributed to the possible use of molecules with antioxidant activity, such as glutathione.
The yeast S. cerevisiae is one of the most studied microorganisms and is considered a model for eukaryotes. It is used both in industrial productions and in human diet. As well as leavening agent for baking products and fermenting agent for alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer, S. cerevisiae is used in the industrial production of ethanol, enzymes and dried yeast both for animal-feed and food supplement (Directive 2002/46/EC).
Subsequently to the identification of some potential molecules, with which the yeast might be enriched, the research focused mainly on cell enrichment with reduced glutathione (GSH) and metal-conjugated glutathione, with particular regard to the set-up of biotechnological processes in order to increase product yields. The research also investigated the biological activity of the obtained enriched biomass, in particular the fate of GSH when the biomass is swallowed, by investigating GSH stability during gastric digestion and any possible protective role of the yeast cell, and by analysing GSH transport/absorbtion by intestinal cell lines and any possible toxicity.
In the first year of the research numerous trials were carried out in order to increase intracellular GSH levels in S. cerevisiae both during cell growth and applying a post-growth procedure, identified as “activation”. The best results were obtained applying this second approach in which glucose, GSH precursors (cysteine CYS, glycine GLY and glutamic acid GLU), together with cofactors, were dissolved in a solution in which yeast cells were suspended. In this experimental phase the activation attitude of two different commercial forms of the yeast, compressed or dried, were evaluated. Results highlighted that, even though they generally performed similarly in bread-making process and possessed similar initial intracellular GSH levels (about 0.6% dcw) and for both of them higher yields were obtained during the first 24 h of activation, they evidenced different attitudes towards the tested activation mix. In particular, dried yeast samples reached high GSH levels (1.24 ±0.08% dcw) with the mix CYS-GLY-GLU, while the compressed yeast also with the CYS-GLY-SER (with serine) (1.44 ±0.12% dcw). Concerning the influence of the energy source, the dried form did not appear sensitive to the over-presence of glucose, while the compressed yeast form showed different sensitivity to glucose addition, depending on the type of the mixture employed. Glucose addition in CYS-GLY and CYS-GLY-GLU mixtures (in particular at 4 h) increased GSH yields of about 30-40% with respect to the control sample. No increase was evidenced employing the CYS-GLY-SER mixture.
The possibility of obtaining GSH directly in extracellular form was also investigated; this approach can represent an interesting opportunity of reducing GSH production cost and furthering the range of application of this molecule.
The second year of the research proceeded mainly with the compressed yeast form as it was found to accumulate higher GSH level than the dried one. As GSH biosynthesis is ATP-dependent, in order to increase intracellular ATP levels molecules directly or indirectly involved in its synthesis (i.e. adenosine and adenine) and an ATP-ase inhibitory agent (dithiothreitol) were added to activation solution CYS-GLY-GLU. All the tested mixtures furnished significantly higher GSH yields than the control ones; above all, adenine addition allowed to obtained 1.68±0.04 GSH % dcw. Influence of yeast shelf-life on GSH accumulation was also investigated and results showed that when yeast was at the beginning of its shelf-life (1 day) it was able to gain high intracellular GSH levels, with a three-fold increase with respect to t0; when prolonging the age, a significant change in the yeast attitude towards the activation procedure was evidenced, and a general decrease of GSH intracellular levels was found. As well as yeast shelf-life, also intracellular trehalose content was found a very important factor for determining GSH accumulation ability of yeast.
Important results were then obtained applying a Design of Experiments (DoE) on four GSH precursor amino acids (A-CYS, B-GLY, C-SER, D-GLU). The Design Expert® (Statease, Minneapolis) software, used for analysing results, individuated significant models both for the compressed and dried yeast samples. All four factors were found significant together with AC and BC interactions and the quadratic terms A2 and D2 for compressed yeast, while only A2 for the dried sample.
During the prosecution of the research, biological activity of GSH and of enriched biomass was investigated. This part of the research was performed at Instituto de Agrochimica y Tecnologia de los Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) in Valencia (Spain) and the evaluation of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by cellular transport throught intestinal epithelium was performed. Both standard GSH and yeast cells GSH-enriched were tested. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion did not affect GSH levels, neither when present as a standard solution nor when it accumulated inside a yeast cell; anyway, a very limited amount of GSH (up to 25%) was found to oxidize to GSSG. In vitro GSH transport trials through the intestinal epithelium were carried out with the Caco-2 cell line model and a co-culture Caco-2:HT-29-MTX (ratios 50:50 and 70:30), comparatively. GSH standard solution was employed at three different levels (3, 10 and 30 mM). Results showed that GSH transport from the apical to the basal chamber is very low, either using Caco-2 cell line and the co-culture. Important results were obtained in experiments regarding the protective effect of GSH in intestinal cells exposed to an inducer of oxidative stress (H2O2). Cell viability reduction was lower in samples added with GSH when employing H2O2 at high concentration (10-20 mM); moreover the use of yeast-enriched was found to prevent cells viability reduction much more than the equivalent standard GSH (3 mM).
In the third year of the research experiments were carried out in order to obtain S. cerevisiae copper-enriched cells. Thinking that copper can conjugate with GSH and/or GSSG, the strategy was to enrich cells with GSH and then to furnish them copper acetate with different treatments. Results highlighted that before copper addition GSH levels were in the range 1.2-1.5% dcw, while after 4 and 24 h these levels drastically decreased to 0.5-1% dcw; on the contrary, GSSG was found to increase. All biomass obtained were analysed by ICP-AES: results showed that the biomass centrifuged and resuspended in the copper solution accumulated the highest copper levels; copper direct addition to the activation mixture led to the lowest results.
Summarizing, the research was aimed at obtaining GSH and copper-enriched cells of S. cerevisiae, developing an efficient delivery system for nutraceutical compounds and metals, suitable for human nutrition and therapeutic treatments. GSH enriched yeast cells can be obtained applying different post-fermentation strategies, taking in consideration the type of the yeast employed, its shelf-life and the formulation of the activation mixture (energy request and aminoacids precursors). The application of this procedure resulted in an increase of intracellular GSH levels, from initial 0.5-0.7% dcw to a final 1.7-1.9% dcw. Even if the obtained results highlighted that GSH is transported from intestinal cells in limited amount, it can cooperate to maintain important functions of the intestinal lumen. In conclusion obtained GSH and copper-enriched yeast biomass can be considered an interesting opportunity to further the range of application of yeast cell cultures for nutraceutical application.
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Wahba, Rana. "Labelling Approaches for Supplemented Foods." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38512.
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In recent years, natural health products in food formats with higher levels of added vitamins and
minerals, amino acids, herbal ingredients and bioactives sought and were granted market access in
Canada. Since these food products, referred to as supplemented foods (SFs), are sold alongside
conventional foods and lack features that clearly distinguish them from other foods, there is a potential
for confusion among consumers as to the appropriate use of these products. There is no research
evaluating the nutrition labelling approaches for these foods, and what consumers need in a labelling
approach to be able to identify these food products and distinguish them from other foods, determine
what the supplemental ingredients are and understand any directions or cautions for use of these foods.
To determine key components of an appropriate labelling approach, interviews and discussion groups
were conducted in the National Capital Region and the surrounding area to assess consumer access,
understanding and appraisal of these foods, using current and tested labelling strategies. Consumer
feedback consistently indicated that the current labelling is insufficient for awareness, understanding,
appraisal and appropriate use of supplemented foods. Tested labelling components that facilitated
awareness, understanding, and appraisal of supplemented foods included a symbol based supplemented
food product identifier with the wording “Supplemented” on the front of the package, a “Supplemented”
information box containing a listing of the name and amount of each supplemental ingredient and
cautionary labelling in proximity to the supplemental ingredient labelling. These key labelling
components are to be integrated into a web-based mock-package trial that will objectively test these
labelling tools on a large sample of Canadian consumers (n=4000)
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Borg, Bindi. "Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Locally-Produced Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) for Prevention of Undernutrition in Children Under Two Years in Cambodia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21674.
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We tested a locally-produced, fish-based multiple micronutrient fortified lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) snack as a ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) to prevent undernutrition in Cambodian children under 2 years. Our first trial assessed the RUSF’s acceptability as a snack or mixed with borbor (white rice porridge) compared to Corn-Soy Blend Plus Plus (CSB++), and micronutrient powders (MNP) with borbor. The second assessed its effectiveness in reducing growth faltering compared to CSB++, MNP, and an unsupplemented control group. The acceptability trial with 92 children aged 9-23 months assessed children’s consumption, caregivers’ assessment of children’s preferences and caregivers’ ranking of foods. The cluster-randomised controlled effectiveness trial allocated 485 healthy children aged 6-17 months to RUSF, CSB++, MNP or control groups for 6 months. Outcomes were weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight- for-height (WHZ), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). In acceptability testing, odds of children consuming >50% were greatest for MNP-borbor versus RUSF snack. Caregivers reported that children had the highest preference for MNP-borbor, then for the RUSF snack. Caregivers ranked the RUSF snack highest. In the effectiveness trial, growth faltered from baseline to endline, with no significant differences between interventions and control. In unadjusted analysis, the RUSF group had greater increases in MUAC than CSB++ or the control. For other outcomes, the RUSF did not differ significantly from the control, which had decreased WAZ and HAZ and no significant change in WHZ. In adjusted analysis, high consumers of RUSF had increased MUAC compared to control, but no statistically significant differences to CSB++ or MNP. Low consumers of RUSF had increased WAZ, WHZ and MUAC. Our trials demonstrated that the novel RUSF is acceptable and slowed, but did not prevent, growth faltering.
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Proença, Maíra Alcântara. "A biomassa de macrófitas flutuantes como suplemento alimentar para o cultivo de organismos aquáticos: estratégia de manejo que favorece o rendimento econômico e ambiental na piscicultura." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10469.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Macrophytes, in specific circumstances, may have accelerated growth to the point of becoming undesirable and harmful to the environmental balance. When this occurs, appropriate disposal methods are required, or preferably, the economic and environmentally friendly use of the macrophyte biomass. Thus, studies aiming to develop management strategies or to promote the use of macrophyte biomass as a source of energy to other aquatic organisms may contribute to the development of control techniques, or costeffective strategies to increment the development of aquaculture, decreasing production costs. The present research study aimed to test the use of macrophytes as a nutritional supplement to culture zooplankton with potential to be used as live food for juveniles of fishes and to test the inclusion of the biomass of two species of macrophytes Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia minima as an ingredient of fish rations. Analyses were carried out regarding the nutritional characteristics of the macrophytes and their dried biomass was crushed and added at increasing proportions to replace the algae, usedas a foof control. Experiments were carried out to measure individual and population growth rates and the reproductive performance of two species of Cladocera whose diet was supplemented with the weeds. The treatments with the inclusion of the macrophyte P. stratiotes as a food supplement for Daphnia laevis and Moina micrura resulted in similar or superior performance of that in the control, regarding individual and population growth rate, reproductive performance in the treatments where the algal biomass was replaced by 25% and 50% of P. stratiotes. Experiments were conducted with the tilapias where they were fed on diets formulated including percentages of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the dry crushed biomass of the macrophytes. The greatest weight gain and individual growth was obtained with the diet with inclusion of 15% of the biomass of P. stratitotes, than the diet with 10% of S. minima resulting in lower production costs than that of the control diet. We suggest, therefore, the use of biomass in P.stratiotes with inclusion levels of 10% or 15% in the feed ration in order to ensure both economic and environmental benefits. The weeds that are often used to treat aquaculture effluents have great potential as a food supplement for zooplankton, and also as raw material for the production of fish feed. The use of this biomass is beneficial both as a management strategy of the fish pond and the economy fish cultures, resulting in both economic and environmental benefits
As macrófitas aquáticas, em circunstâncias específicas, podem apresentar um crescimento acelerado a ponto de se tornarem indesejáveis e prejudiciais ao equilíbrio ambiental. Quando isso ocorre, são necessários métodos que permitam um descarte apropriado ou preferivelmente, o aproveitamento econômico das macrófitas. Sendo assim, estudos que desenvolvam estratégias de manejo a fim de promover o aproveitamento da biomassa das macrófitas na alimentação de organismos aquáticos podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de controle destas, além de desenvolver estratégias economicamente viáveis que contribuam para o desenvolvimento da aquicultura, diminuindo os custos de produção. O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo testar o uso das macrófitas como complemento nutricional na alimentação de organismos zooplanctônicos com potencial de serem utilizados como alimento vivo para peixes que possuem relevância econômica na Piscicultura. Para isso, foram feitas análises das características nutricionais das macrófitas Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia minima. Para as espécies zooplanctônicas, foi utilizada a biomassa seca e triturada de macrófitas em diferentes proporções em substituição às algas, e foram feitas análises do crescimento individual e populacional e do teor de proteínas das espécies de cladóceros cuja alimentação foi suplementada com as macrófitas. Os tratamentos com a inclusão da macrófita Pistia stratiotes como complemento alimentar para Daphnia laevis e Moina micrura resultaram em desempenhos semelhantes ou superiores ao controle para taxa de crescimento, fecundidade, comprimento final e crescimento populacional nos tratamentos em que a biomassa algal foi substituída em 50% e 25% pela biomassa de P. stratiotes. Para os peixes foram realizados experimentos nos quais estes foram alimentados com rações formuladas incluindo porcentagens de 5, 10, 15 e 20% da biomassa seca e triturada das macrófitas. O maior incremento médio de peso e de crescimento individual foi obtido para a ração com inclusão de 15% da biomassa da macrófita Pistia stratitotes, seguida da ração com 10% desta macrófita, que resultaram em custos de produção menores que o da ração controle. Sugere-se, portanto, o aproveitamento da biomassa de P.stratiotes em níveis de inclusão de 10% ou 15% na ração para garantir que tragam ambos, benefícios econômicos e ambientais. As macrófitas que frequentemente se desenvolvem nos tanques de aquicultura possuem grande potencialidade como suplemento alimentar para organismos zooplanctônicos, e também como matéria prima para a confecção de rações de peixes. A utilização desta biomassa é benéfica tanto como estratégia de manejo do tanque de piscicultura como para a economia do processo de criação de peixes, resultando em benefícios tanto econômicos como ambientais.
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Keys, Marilyn Contri 1953. "The use of supplemental foods by participants in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278451.
Full textAbstract:
Although the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) have operated for years, little is known about utilization of program foods by participants. Using ethnographic interviews, this study examined food use, factors affecting use, and satisfaction among WIC and CSFP clients. WIC foods were consumed by most participants, but frequently not in the total amount. Four of seven WIC foods were found to be substitutions for foods previously consumed. CSFP foods were consumed less frequently, and in smaller amounts, than WIC foods. Intra-household sharing, but not substitution, was prevalent. Major factors affecting food use were taste preference, food habit, convenience, amount and knowledge. Clients expressed greater satisfaction with WIC versus CSFP foods. The results indicate that provision of supplemental foods does not guarantee use, and that significant barriers to use exist. Nutrition education is recommended as a means of increasing food use.
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Kleijnen, Joseph Maria Pieter. "Food supplements and their efficacy." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1991. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5644.
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Matni, Gisèle. "Speciation of selenium in food supplements." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40393.
Full textAbstract:
Selective isolation protocols of selenium (Se) species integrated to Se specific atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) detection were developed and optimized for Se speciation in food supplements, including selenized yeasts. By ultrafiltration, 69.18% of Se in the extract was found as a low molecular weight soluble form, the remaining 30.82% was bound to high molecular weight components. After a cation-exchange chromatography of the ultrafiltrate, 3.77% of the Se in the extract was found in the aqueous washings of the column indicating the presence of free inorganic anions of Se; the 65.41% of Se retained on the column corresponded to the free organic Se cations. The limit of detection for the HPLC-THG-AAS system was 1.85 ng of Se. Se was shown to be widely distributed over all the proteins with one sharp peak corresponding to the free forms of Se. Four major peaks were found at MW $>$ 250 000 Da (15.97% of Se recovered), between 102 330 and 117 490 Da (7.06%), between 48 977 and 53 703 Da (12.71%) and close to the dye migration band (17.25%).Selective isolation and HPLC-AAS protocols were also developed and optimized for the determination of free organic forms e.g. selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCystine) and inorganic forms of selenium in aqueous solutions, and in complex matrices such as nutritional supplements and mixtures of free amino acids. The selenoamino acid in alkaline solution was first derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. After removal of excess of reagent by partitioning with diethyl ether, the N-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-derivatized selenoamino acid was acidified and extracted with diethyl ether. Inorganic Se(IV) was extracted from the acidic aqueous phases by complexation with 1,2-phenylenediamine, forming a piazselenol. Se derivatives were determined selectively by HPLC-THG-AAS. A selective chromatographic mechanism based on $ pi$-electron interactions was optimized using a silica stationary phase derivatized with p-nitrophenyl moieties. Co-injections of DNP-SeMet, DNP-SeCystine and piazselenol save retention times of 3.7, 4.0 and 4.9 min, respectively, using a methanolic mobile phase containing 1.5% triethylamine and 0.013M acetic acid. Primary analytical validation parameters including stability, linearity and limits of detection were obtained using purified DNP-SeMet, DNP-SeCystine and piazselenol standards which were characterized by $ sp1$H-, $ sp{13}$C- and $ sp{77}$Se-NMR analysis and/or fast atom bombardment MS techniques. The calibration graphs for sequential dilutions of these Se standards were linear and the limits of detection from the resultant calibration graphs were 17 ng, 0.21 ng and 18.53 ng of Se, respectively. The purified DNP-SeMet and DNP-SeCystine were found to be photosensitive. The recovery of SeMet, SeCystine and inorganic Se from the stock solutions and/or nutritional supplements was virtually quantitative. In the presence of a 500-fold excess of other amino acids, the recovery of SeMet and SeCystine (96.1 $ pm$ 3.9% and 98.08 $ pm$ 4.2%, respec
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Ren, Jing. "The Determinants for Chinese Consumers’ Intention to Use Soy-based Dietary Supplements: An Application of The Theory of Planned Behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237909867.
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Moberg, Kajsa. "The use and non-use of sports supplements : A mixed methods study among people exercising at gyms." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17802.
Full textAbstract:
Sports supplements include nutritional supplements and ergogenic aids and are widely used in the gym culture. Previous research has examined predictors for supplement use, but lacks an insight into why these patterns appear. The objective was to examine predictors for sports supplement use among people exercising at gyms and explore how sports supplements are used, perceived and viewed upon among a group of regular gym users. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was used. In phase 1, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Phase 2 consisted of six semi-structured interviews exploring why sports supplements are used and not used, as well as expectations and beliefs regarding sports supplements among training individuals. 85 individuals participated in the survey. 68 percent used sports supplements regularly, but no predictors from previous research could be confirmed. The interviews showed that supplements were used for convenience and to ensure a sufficient nutrition intake, while non-users expressed a lack of knowledge and believed supplements to be inefficient and unnecessary. No predictors for use of sports supplements were confirmed, but both users and non-users highly value health responsibility in their decision of supplement use. To users, sports supplements are efficient and convenient dietary complements and replacements. Non-supplement users regard sports supplements to be unnecessary, inefficient and less enjoyable than food. Due to the small sample size, more studies are needed within the field in order to fully understand the role of sports supplements in the target group.Träningstillskott inkluderar tillskott av enskilda näringsämnen och prestationshöjande medel och används flitigt i gymvärlden. Tidigare forskning har undersökt vilka faktorer som spelar roll för användning av tillskott, men saknar en djupare insikt om varför dessa mönster uppstår.Syftet var att undersöka avgörande faktorer för användning av träningstillskott bland individer som tränar på gym samt undersöka hur en grupp gymtränande individer använder, uppfattar och ser på träningstillskott. En mixed methods explanatory sequential design användes. Fas 1 bestod av en onlineenkät. Fas 2 utgjordes av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer som undersökte varför träningstillskott används respektive inte används samt förväntningar och uppfattningar gällande träningstillskott bland tränande individer. 85 individer deltog i enkäten. 68 procent använde träningstillskott regelbundet, men inga av de faktorer för användning som identifierats i tidigare forskning kunde bekräftas. Intervjuerna visade att tillskott användes av bekvämlighetsskäl och för att försäkra individen om ett tillräckligt näringsintag, medan icke-användare uttryckte otillräcklig kunskap och uppfattade tillskott som ineffektiva och onödiga. Inga prediktorer för användning av träningstillskott kunde bekräftas, men både användare och icke-användare värderar hälsoansvar högt i sitt beslut gällande användning av träningstillskott. Användare anser tillskott vara effektiva och bekväma komplement och ersättare i kosten. Icke-tillskottsanvändare uppfattar tillskott som onödiga, ineffektiva och mindre njutningsfulla än mat. På grund av ett litet urval behövs fler studier inom området för att få en tydligare bild av hur träningstillskott används av målgruppen.
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DiDomenica, Bessie. "Food Policy: Urban Farming as a Supplemental Food Source." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/575.
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The distance between farms and cities and the limited access that some residents have to fresh foods can be detrimental to a city's capacity to feed people over time. This study addressed the under-studied topic of urban farming as a secondary food source, specifically by exploring the opportunities and limitations of urban farming in a large Northeastern city. Brundtland's food policy was the pivotal theory supporting food production to end global starvation, and was the link between environmental conservation and human survival. The research question for this study examined the potential food policy opportunities and limitations that assist urban farms as a supplemental food source. Twenty stakeholders from the public (6), nonprofit (7), private (3), and academic (4) sectors formed the purposeful snowball sample in this case study. Data were collected through open-ended interviews, which were then subjected to an iterative and inductive coding strategy. The significant finding of this study is that while food policy supported urban farms as a secondary food source in a way consistent with Brundtland's theory, local food alone was inadequate to feed its urban population. Other key findings revealed that food policies that influenced land use, food production, and procurement presented unique challenges in each sector. Existing food production policies such as zoning regulations, permitting processes, and public funding benefited one sector over another. The study contributes to social change by exploring food policies that encourage partnerships between sector stakeholders; urban, rural, and suburban farmers; and city residents that foster alternative and sustainable food production in the urban setting.
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Johnson, Michelle E. "Feeding Environment Supplements to Nutrition and Wellness Tips for Young Children: Supplement C: Creating a Positive Meal Environment and Encouraging Healthful Foods." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8559.
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Pittler, M. H. "Effectiveness & safety of food supplements for reducing body weight." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701068.
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Pedroso, Adriana Ayres. "Estrutura da comunidade de Bacteria do trato intestinal de frangos suplementados com promotores de crescimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10092003-160239/.
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O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de probióticos e antibióticos utilizados como promotores do crescimento sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte e a capacidade dos agentes de alterar o ecossistema intestinal de aves criadas em baterias e sobre piso. Adicionalmente foi estudado o efeito dos probióticos sobre a presença de oocistos na cama das aves. Os antibióticos tiveram sua eficácia, como promotores de crescimento, comprovada para aves criadas sobre piso, mas não em bateria. Foram observadas alterações na estrutura da comunidade de Bacteria no trato intestinal de frangos criados em baterias e sobre piso e suplementados com antibióticos. Não houve evidência de efeito favorável dos probióticos sobre o desempenho e incidência de oocisto na cama das aves. Os probióticos não tiveram a capacidade de colonizar o epitélio intestinal de frangos de corte. Foram observadas discretas modificações na estrutura da comunidade de Bacteria de frangos criados em bateria e sobre piso e suplementados com dietas contendo probióticos. A estrutura da comunidade de Bacteria do intestino delgado de frangos foi modificada em função do ambiente no qual frangos, suplementados com probióticos e antibióticos, foram criados. Frangos isentos de qualquer tipo de promotor de crescimento apresentaram 15 unidades taxonômicas operacionais distintas na microbiota intestinal aderida ao epitélio, predominantemente Lactobacillus e Pseudomonas.This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of growth promoter probiotic and antibiotics on the perfomance and organ morphometry of broiler chickens raised in floor pens and in batteries and the ability of the additive to promote changes in the intestinal ecosystem. Additionally, the effect of probiotics on the presence of coccidia oocysts in the litter was evaluated. The efficacy of antibiotics as growth promoters was observed when the chickens were raised in floor pens but not in batteries. Antibiotic supplementation caused changes in the structure of Bacteria community of the intestinal tract of chicken raised in floor pens or in batteries. The probiotic additives tested did not result in improvement in performance in both environmental or in oocyst incidence in the litter. Also, the probiotic did not have the ability to colonize the intestinal epithelium of the birds. Discrete changes in the structure of Bacteria community were observed when probiotics were supplemented to chickens raised in floor pens or in batteries. Bacteria community structure in the small intestine of chicken was modified as a function of the environmental in which the birds were raised. Chicken fed diets devoid of growth promoters had 15 distinct phylogenetic groups in the microbiota adhered to the intestinal epithelium.
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Vale, Gonçalo Jorge Dias do. "Freshwater arsenic detoxification through selenium-enriched food supplements. A proteomic approach." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5402.
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Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de doutor em Bioquímica pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaArsenic is a metalloid that occurs naturally in soils and is toxic to living organisms at high concentrations. The arsenic poisoning can occur indirectly (food chain) or directly through drinking water. In humans the chronic exposure to arsenic is linked to cancer, vascular diseases and skin lesions. In countries like Bangladesh the problems related to arsenic poisoning are very dramatic and has become a public health problem. Selenium is an essential micro-nutrient to humans and it is known for its anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties. This element is present in nature at small amounts and enters the food chain through the plants that uptake it from the soils. Although there are some references to diseases related with selenium poisoning, they are rarely documented and for this reason the effects of selenium toxicity in humans remains unknown. Throughout its evolution, many organisms have developed strategies and mechanisms to excrete heavy metals preventing their adverse effects. In the late 90’s a study with small mammals showed that an enriched diet in selenium had decreased the arsenic toxic effects on mammals exposed to high concentrations of this metalloid. Afterwards the bio-formation of a metabolite that contained in its composition arsenic and selenium was identified. This metabolite was easily excreted by the organism which suggesting the presence of a biological mechanism for the detoxication of metals in mammals. The present work studies the possibility to use selenium as an ecological solution to avoid/diminish the toxicity of arsenic in drinking waters, using food supplements as a selenium source. Techniques were developed with the goal of determining the total amount and speciation of selenium in biological samples and food supplements by HPLC and ET-AAS. For solid-liquid selenium extraction it was used an enzymatic digestion accelerated with ultrasonic energy. This methodology, that has reduced the extraction time from hours to minutes, was firstly reported in 2004 in the Analytical Chemistry journal and since then it has been extensively used by the scientific community. A bibliographic review has been developed in order to establish the state of the art and to enhance the divulgation of this methodology between the scientific community. To study the antagonistic effects of selenium and arsenic in biological systems, freshwater clams (C. fluminea) were exposed during 21 days to different concentrations of these elements. The determination of arsenic and selenium on the clam’s soft tissue (digestive gland and remains body) was performed by ET-AAS. For the identification of proteins by peptide mass fingerprint, a new and fast ultrasonication assisted enzymatic digestion with immobilized trypsin (on magnetic particles and glass beads) method was developed
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia,financial support
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Luk, Sze-ue, and 陸施妤. "The potential effect of bioactive food supplements in targeting prostate cancer stem cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43223795.
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Osman, Nawal. "Assessment of aflatoxin contamination in infant food supplements used in different feeding patterns." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804386/.
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Feenstra, Carla. "The possible effect of food supplements in the early grades on intelligence scores." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27240.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a meal supplement fortified with micronutrients would, statistically, significantly improve the intelligence scores of Grade 3 and 4 learners. The data collection procedures in this study took the form of a pre-test – post-test control group design. The Paper and Pencil Games (PPG) Level 3, a standardised psychological test, was administered before and after the respondents were exposed to the meal supplements. For a treatment period of 16 weeks the experimental group received the meal supplement fortified with micronutrients and the control group the meal supplement without any added micronutrients. Data analysis took the form of statistical analysis to determine whether the meal supplements consumed by those in the experimental group could significantly contribute to improving their intelligence scores. The results indicated statistically significant increases in scores, between the pretest and post-test on the various scales of the PPG, of both the experimental and control group on the one hand, but no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups on the post-test on the other. The null hypothesis that there are no (statistically significant) differences between the average post-test scores (V, NV, and T) of the experimental and control groups could not be rejected. However, the increase between the pre-test and post-test stanine scores of the two treatment groups has led to recommendations for further research. CopyrightDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
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Luk, Sze-ue. "The potential effect of bioactive food supplements in targeting prostate cancer stem cells." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43223795.
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Plante, Nicole Jean. "Work shift food delivery strategies during arduous wildfire suppression." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05312007-145822/.
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Rastauskas, Dalius. "Maisto papildų reklamos atitikimas teisės aktų reikalavimams ir jos įtaka vartotojui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141222_160858-64151.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe bus išanalizuota ir įvertinta maisto papildų reklamos atitikimas teisės aktų reikalavimams, iškeltos maisto papildų ženklinimo, tvirtinimo vartoti, vartojimo kėblumai visuomenėje bei pateikti siūlymai, kaip šias problemas spręsti. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje bus nagrinėjami maisto papildų reklamos bei kiti teisinei aktai. Antrojoje dalyje bus vykdomi tyrimai norint išsiaiškint realia maisto papildų reklamos situaciją Lietuvoje, bei to poveikio įtaką visuomenei. Trečiojoje dalyje bus nagrinėjamas atliktas tyrimas, kuriuo norima išsiaiškinti ar maisto papildų reklama atitinka visus Lietuvos Respublikos teisinius aktus.Master's thesis will be analyzed and evaluated food supplements advertising compliance with legislative requirements, bringing food supplement labeling approval for use, consumption in the complexities of society and to provide suggestions on how to address these issues. The first part will be considered food supplements advertising and other legal acts. The second part will be carried out tests in order to check on the actual food supplements advertising situation in Lithuania, as well as the impact of societal impact. The third part will be examined in the study, which is necessary to clarify or supplements advertising complies with all the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania.
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Davis, Deidra Denice. "Access to Fresh Foods: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Illinois Farmers' Markets Participating in Government Funded Food Assistance Programs." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/818.
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The USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program's (SNAP) strives to connect SNAP recipients to local and healthful food sold at Farmers' markets. These efforts are an attempt to provide families, struggling to make ends meet, access to healthy foods and food purchasing power via the Federal Food Stamp program. However, of the 288 listed farmers' markets in Illinois only 25 are listed as SNAP/EBT accepting markets (2010 National Farmers Market Directory). The first part of this study uses the 61st Street Farmers Market as a case study, investigating the practical market operations and interpreting their method of EBT implementation to provide an established model of an existing and thriving farmers' market. Next, I will investigate the socio-economic characteristics (population, race, employment, income, poverty, education, age, and SNAP recipients) of Illinois farmers' markets accepting EBT. I will compare this data to other Illinois Farmers' markets that do not accept EBT and assess which non-accepting market locations would be most suitable for implementing EBT usage in the future. Finally, based on my case study and statistical analysis, I will discuss recommendations for farmers' markets to accept EBT into their markets. Findings indicate that there is no significant difference between the mean ranks of the socio-economic characteristics for the EBT and non-EBT accepting farmers' markets. Of the 8 socio-economic characteristics tested, the populations of SNAP recipients were analogous for each group: EBT and Non-EBT accepting farmers' markets.
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Hamilton, Tyler. "Assessing the Impact of Supplements, Food Aversions, and Silica on Medusahead Use by Sheep." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3703.
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Ranchers, farmers, land managers, and resource management agencies have been plagued with various types of invasive weeds for decades, ultimately affecting millions of acres of viable wildlife habitat, grazing, and recreational opportunities. Invasive weeds often have nutritional contexts that negatively affect animals in some way, increasing the incentive to avoid consuming it by various animal species and domestic livestock. With the current amount of land infested with this weed, and the limited knowledge of the reason for avoidance, the underlying causes of livestock avoidance require in-depth and fundamental understanding.
In my MS program, I sought to explore the relationship of plant and herbivore interactions in regards to grazing, animal diet selection through the use of supplementation, along with understanding the chemical compounds that cause avoidance of medusahead by domestic animals. This research will help us better understand the reasoning behind grazing avoidance and preference, and provide further understanding and management approaches using livestock as an alternative management tool in hopes of creating sustainable ecosystems with complementary benefits for soils, plants, animals, and land managers.
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Van, Voorhis Kathleen Anne. "Influence of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Policy on Army Families' Food Insecurity." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6492.
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Food insecurity (not having continuing access to nutritious food to maintain health) is common in the United States, especially in working poor households. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a well-documented safety net for individuals and families struggling with food insecurity. Little is known about the effect of SNAP policy on food insecurity in working poor military households. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to investigate the lived experiences of food-insecure Army families and the perceived influence of SNAP policy on their food-insecurity. The theoretical framework was policy feedback theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 13 Army heads of households. Data were coded and categorized to identify 3 themes: impact of Army culture, federal programs as stabilization, and limiting SNAP policy. Participants struggle with food insecurity due to unique aspects of military culture, such as transition, and the limitations of current SNAP policy. Findings may be used to inform policymakers of the influence of SNAP policy on food insecurity in the U.S. Army.
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Coleman, Megan E. "Oral supplements and serum albumin levels in dialysis patients as a function of food insecurity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1384851154.
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Lombard, Matthys Du Toit. "Development of three microbiologically safe, sensory acceptable food products as possible supplements to the diet of undernourished children (5-6 years) /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1859.
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Aliata, Lillian Khalili. "Nutritional content of supplemental food baskets distributed by charitable agencies in northeast Tennessee." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0309104-192944/unrestricted/AliataL041204f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0309104-192944. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Malkin-Washeim, Diana Louise. "Electronic Benefit Transfer: Food Choices, Food Insecurity, and Type 2 Diabetes." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1318.
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The purpose of this research was to examine food security for people with prediabetes participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), focusing on their food choice decisions and coping strategies over a 30-day benefit cycle that potentially increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional, quantitative design based on food choice process model constructs was used. SNAP participants (n = 36) with prediabetes, aged 21â??70 years, were recruited as outpatients from Bronx Lebanon Hospital and completed self-reported questionnaires on demographics and health, food security, and food frequency. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi square tests, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Also, independent t test, and Levene's test were used for ad hoc analysis to assess variation of food choice decisions over 30 days. Of the sample, 5% had low and 95% very low food secure status. Food security status did not predict coping strategies (p = .724); however, food security status and type of coping strategy had a moderate relationship (p < 0.01; r =.60). Food choices of 11 food categories changed over a 30-day cycle with greatest variation for Week 1, compared to Weeks 2â??4 (p < .005). Use of coping strategies to minimize hunger was limited. Very low food security associated with certain coping strategies disrupted eating patterns. Disrupted eating patterns affect food variation over time, increasing the intake of non-nutrient-dense foods and the risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. The implications for positive social change include the potential to change SNAP's benefit allotments, make nutrition education mandatory, and create a nutrition package, thereby lowering food insecurity and the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
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Falcato, Ana Raquel Quintaneiro. "Suplementos alimentares: consumo nacional estimado de vitaminas e minerais em 2012." Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6877.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaGiven the impact of the consumption of food supplements in the health and wellness of consumers, the European Commission considered it important to know the marketing/consumption of food supplements, containing vitamins and minerals, in the different Member States. This dissertation appears as a first response to the objective of the Commission, to assess the national market of food supplements with vitamins and minerals in 2012. The study was based on the information given on 579 labels of food supplements containing vitamins and minerals, which were reported to DGAV in 2012, to be recorded and analyzed. The analysis allows us to observe that the marketing of food supplements is not considered of concern in relation to the values of the national population in 2012. The category of health and wellness includes a larger number of supplements and the micronutrients most found is vitamin C and magnesium. We also analyzed case studies and found that supplements have compositions that, associated with a common diet, contribute to an intake above the recommended daily dose, but below the thresholds of toxicity. Only vitamin B6, in the case of "Magnesium-OK", presents values that are more than double the tolerable upper intake level of this vitamin
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Du, Toit Wilna Cornelia. "Demographics and beliefs of consumers indicating preference for healthy food or dietary supplements / Wilna Cornelia du Toit." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/189.
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Healthy food and/or supplements may be used in the context of a healthy
lifestyle or as a means to compensate for an unhealthy lifestyle. Consumers are
increasingly taking charge of their health and manipulate food choices or use
dietary supplement regimes. By analysing usage across segments, marketers
can determine the optimum audience for any specific health and wellness
product. Marketers can develop marketing plans to the common motives, beliefs
and behaviours of the optimal target segment, and communicate with them
through common sources of influence with meaningful messages that speak to
their motivations. Healthcare professionals can mount high quality, targeted
education and intervention programmes for consumers by getting to know their
clients' beliefs. It is, therefore, important to identify healthy food and supplement
use of South African consumers.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which demographic
factors and other beliefs are associated with an individual's choice between the
usage of supplements or the eating of healthy food.
Subjects/Setting: A random sample of 1997 metropolitan consumers
representative of the gender distribution, age distribution and population groups
in South Africa was chosen. The data were weighted, so that they would be
representative of the total South African metropolitan consumer population.
Questionnaires consisting of 17 food related sections were designed by
researchers in cooperation with business partners. One of the sections
contained a number of statements about food, dietary supplements, health and
disease. MARKINOR, a marketing research company, was contracted to collect
the data. Consumers preferring healthy food were compared with supplement
choosers with regard to demographic and belief factors. Explanatory variables
included gender, age group, monthly income, race, living standard measure
(LSM), education and children, as well as different eating habit and food related
statements.
Statistical analysis: The quantitative data produced by the survey were
analysed by using the Statistica -programme in order to generate the relevant
tabulations, descriptive statistics and statistical tests.
Results: About 61% (n= 6 526) of the respondents reported healthy food
preference, while 20% (n= 2 086) stated they preferred supplements. Especially
males, people older than 50 years, individuals with a monthly income of R9 000
- R17 999, Indians, LSM 7 or 8 respondents, individuals with secondary
schooling and people with no children indicated a preference for healthy food.
These individuals indicated the belief that food is not only for enjoyment but also
for health maintenance. The South African consumer preferring supplements
included: females, 18 to 49 year olds, people with a monthly income of up to
R2999, blacks, LSM 2, people with no or primary schooling and/or people with
children. The main focus of dietary supplement choosers was the medicinal
value of supplements and the enjoyment value of food.
Applications/Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study was the first attempt
to characterize the healthy food and supplement choosers in South Africa.
Further research is needed to identify which supplements or healthy foods are
used by South African consumers in order to ensure their health. It is
recommended that a suitable scientific instrument be developed to this effect.Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Duncan, Patricia Lynn. "The use of Crab Meal as a Supplemental Food for Juvenile Hard Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617572.
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Santos, Maria Dorotéia Borges dos. "Efeito da suplementação de cisteína ou glutamina sobre o metabolismo dos aminoácidos sulfurados e glutationa de pacientes infectados pelo HIV nas condições de jejum e pós-sobrecarga de metionina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-03102016-150909/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Metionina (Met), cisteína (Cys), homocisteína (Hcy) e taurina (Tau) são os quatro aminoácidos sulfurados (AAS), mas apenas a Met e Cys são incorporadas em proteínas. Os três principais produtos doS AAS, glutationa, (GSH), Hcy e Tau influenciam, principalmente, as respostas inflamatória e imune. A Tau e GSH diminuem a inflamação, enquanto que a Hcy apresenta efeito oposto. Os pacientes HIV+ apresentam baixos níveis de GSH e outros nutrientes antioxidantes, mostrando relação direta entre Cys (e GSH) com células CD4+. Não se conhece o mecanismo pelo qual as mudanças na ingestão dos AAS influenciam este fenômeno. Paralelamente, as relações entre Hcy, doenças inflamatórias e alterações in vitro no comportamento das células imunes levantou ressalvas sobre a suplementação de dietas com AAS. OBJETIVOS : investigar as vias dos AAS em pacientes HIV+ nas condições de jejum e pós-sobrecarga de Met frente à dieta habitual (OH) isolada ou acompanhada da suplementação de Cys (NAC) ou glutamina (Gln). MÉTODOS : 12 pacientes HIV+ (6 M e 6 F, de 25 a 36 anos), sob tratamento anti-retroviral pelo esquema tríplice, sem infecções secundárias e 20 controles saudáveis (10M e 10F, 23-28 anos) foram randomicamente distribuídos para suplementação com NAC (N-acetilcisteína, 1g/d) ou Gln (20 g/d) em estudo cruzado com 7 dias de dieta separados por uma semana de washout (Wo com DH). Amostras de sangue após jejum noturno de 10 a 12 horas foram coletadas antes (MO) e após (M1) cada regime dietético. A seguir, os indivíduos ingeriram metionina (100 mg/kg), com coletas de sangue após 2 e 4 horas para a determinação da área abaixo da curva (AAC). No MO, ambos os grupos foram avaliados quanto à antropometria (IMC, kg/m2), funções glomerular (uréia, creatinina) e hepatocelular (γ-GT), estados nutricional (albumina, cálcio, ácido fólico e vitamina 812) e antioxidante (ácido úrico, GSH, GSSG, Hcy), glicose, lipídios (triacilgliceróis e frações de colesterol) e AAS, serina (Ser), glicina (Gly), glutamato (Glu) e Gln. O grupo HIV também foi caracterizado pela carga viral e contagem de CD4+ e CD8+. As comparações estatísticas entre os grupos e entre as dietas mostraram homogeneidade para IMC, albumina, cálcio, vitamina 812, Hcy, HDL-colesterol, uréia e creatinina. Os pacientes apresentaram valores maiores de glicose, triacilgliceróis, γ-GT, LDL-colesterol e GSSG paralelalemente às menores concentrações de ácido úrico, GSH e todos os AAS, exceto Hcy. A sobrecarga de metionina igualou (pelos valores de delta) os grupos para Met, Hcy, Tau e Gln. As suplementações de NAC e Gln levaram o grupo HIV+ a concentrações maiores de GSH (NAC > Gln), atuando diferentemente em seus precursores: G/y (Gln > NAC) e Cys (NAC > Gln) e resultando em consumo similar de Ser e produção de Tau. Ambas as dietas reduziram GSSG/GSH (NAC > Gln) e apenas NAC aumentou (6 x) a Hcy. Esta última foi piorada pela sobrecarga de Mel. Assim, HIV+ resulta em deficiências múltiplas de vitaminas e aminoácidos levando a menores níveis de GSH e GSSG/GSH mais elevada. Os principais problemas de menor formação de Cys e menor incorporação de Cys em GSH foram resolvidos dando-se Met, NAC e Gln aos pacientes, ainda permanecendo a desvantagem do aumento da Hcy com Met ou suplementação de NAC.BACKGROUNO: Methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and, taurine (Tau) are the 4 sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), but only Met and Cys are incorporated into proteins. The 3 major products of SAA, glutathione (GSH), Hcy and Tau influence, mainly, inflammatory and of immune responses. Tau and GSH ameliorate inflammation whereas Hcy has the opposite effect. HIV+ patients present low levelis of GSH and other antioxidants nutrients, showing a direct relationship between Cys (and GSH) with CD4+/ cells. How changes in SAA intake influence this phenomenon is unknown and the relationships among Hcy, inflammatory diseases, and in vitro alterations in immune cell behavior create a cautionary note about supplementation of diets with SAA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate SAA pathways in HIV+ patients on fast and Met-overload (Met-DL) states after taken diet habitual without (HD) or with supplements of Cys (NAC) or glutamine (Gln). METHOOS: 12 HIV+ (6M and 6F, 25-36 yrs old) patients under HAART without secondary infections and 20 healthy (10M and 10F, 23-28 yrs old) controls were randomly assigned to either NAC (N-acetylcysteine, 1g/d) or Gln (20g/d) diets, in a 7-day diet crossover design, separated by a 7-day washout (with HD) period. Blood samples were drawn after overnight fast before (MO) and after each dietary treatments (M1) for the resting measurements. Immediately after blood sampling ali subjects started the Met-DL by ingesting at once 100 mg Met/kg BW and having the blood draw after 2 and 4 hours for the area under the curve (AUC) determination. At MO both groups were assessed for anthropometry (BMI, kg/m2), glomerular (plasma urea and creatinina) and hepatocellular (plasma γGT activity) funetions, nutritional (albumin, calcium, folic acid and vitamin B12) and antioxidant (uric acid, GSH, GSSG, Hey) states, glucose, lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol fractions) and SAA, serine (Ser), glyeine (Gly), glutamate (Glu) and Gln. The HIV+ group was characterized also by viral load, CD4+ and CD8+ counts. The statistical comparisons between groups and among diets showed group homogeneity for 8MI, albumin, calcium, vitamin B12, Hey, HDL-cholesterol, urea and creatinine. The patients presented higher values of glucose, triglycerides, γ-GT, LDL-cholesterol, and GSSG along with lower concentrations of uric acid, GSH and all but Hcy amino acids. The Met-OL equalized (Δ values) the groups for Met, Hcy, Tau and Gln. NAC and Gln diets led the HIV+ group to a higher concentrations of GSH (NAC > Gln) by acting differently on its precursors: Gly (Gln > NAC) and Cys (NAC > Gln), resulting similar consumption of Ser and production of Tau. Both diets reduced GSSG/GSH (NAC > Gln) and only NAC increased (6 x) Hey. The later was worsened by Met-OL. Thus HIV+ results in multiple deficiencies of vitamins and amino acids leading to lower levels of GSH and higher GSSG/GSH ration. The main problems of lower formation of Cys and low ineorporation of Cys and Gly into GSH were greatly solved by giving Met, NAC and Gln to the patients, hence remaining the drawback of increasing Hcy with Met or NAC supplements.
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Kristová, Mária. "Identifikace vybraných genů v bakteriích mléčného kvašení se zaměřením na potravinové doplňky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216585.
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Lactic acid bacteria are natural habitants of human gastrointectinal tract. Among the most important are bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and genus Bifidobacterium that contain a lot of probiotic species. Probiotic species are used as food supplements. This work was focused on DNA separation from crude cell lysates of 4 food supplements using magnetic carrier P(HEMA-co-GMA) covered by carboxyl groups. DNA was reversible adsorbed to the carriers in the presence of PEG 6000 (16%) and NaCl (2 M) (final concentrations) and eluted into TE buffer. Lysis of cells from food supplements was performed by lysozyme, SDS and proteinase K. The amount of lysozyme was optimalized. Concentration of separated DNA was measured by spectrophotometric method. The amount of isolated DNA was suitable for PCR. Isolated DNA was used for PCR with universal primers, PCR specific for genus Lactobacillus and genus Bifidobacterium and for 9 different species-specific PCRs: Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei/paracasei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium infantis. Amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis (1,8%). It was shown that DNA amplification methods are quick and precise for identification of studied species. The results of bacteria identification were compared with data provided by the manufacturer. In all food supplements, bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were detected. However, only some species provided by manufacturer were identified by PCR in each tablet.
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Dawe, Rachael Anne. "The assessment and treatment of cognitive function with the use of food supplements in a healthy elderly population." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322583.
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