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1
Mawejje, Joseph, and Musa Mayanja Lwanga. "Inflation dynamics and agricultural supply shocks in Uganda." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2015-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirical model for inflation in Uganda, highlighting the role of supply side factors in the domestic agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach The adopted empirical analysis is based on a single equation model that exploits cointegration techniques and general-to-specific modeling. The analysis controls for historical, seasonal as well as policy factors such as the effects of the global financial crisis, change in monetary policy regime to inflation targeting and monthly seasonal effects. Findings Results indicate that disequilibrium in the money, external and agricultural sectors feed into the Ugandan inflation process in the long run. However, the external and monetary sectors have larger long-run effects on inflation than the agricultural sector. Other factors that influence inflation in the short run include: inflation inertia, real output, money supply, exchange rate movements, foreign prices, monetary policy instruments and seasonal factors. In addition, the paper shows that the inflation-targeting policy has been successful in containing inflationary pressures. Practical implications These findings suggest that in the long-run monetary policy will continue to play an important role in managing Ugandan inflation through money demand management. The inflationary effects of agricultural supply shocks could be mitigated with appropriate domestic actions. In particular, fiscal policy that targets increased productivity and efficiency in agriculture through increased focus on production, irrigation, storage and transportation could reduce the effects of agricultural supply variability on inflation. In addition, policies intended to improve economic growth by expanding total output, control money supply growth and maintaining stability in the foreign exchange markets will help to reduce inflation. Social implications Studies of inflation and its determinants have dominated macroeconomic debates in the past decades because of the importance of price stability in economic growth and household welfare. The major conclusions from those studies are that: high inflation is detrimental to investment and growth; erodes the purchasing power; reduces household welfare; and exacerbates income inequality. Moreover there is a growing strand of literature establishing a causal link between inflation and conflict. Particularly for agricultural households, the effects of inflation are usually felt through the increase in food prices with implications for consumption and food security. These findings indicate the important macro and social implications of inflation. By focusing on the importance of agricultural supply shocks, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the drivers of inflation and how the macro and social effects can be addressed. Originality/value The major contribution of this paper is to try and model an equilibrium relationship in the domestic agricultural sector rather than using proxies such as an output gap measure or rainfall.
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Shinyekwa, Isaac M. B., and Alex Thomas Ijjo. "Determinants of Domestic Food Price Differentials: Constraints for Intra-Uganda Trade." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n1p286.
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The paper estimates the determinants of price differentials across 79 districts in Uganda. In the framework of the law of one price, we examine the hypothesis that the spatial price differentials are at least partly influenced by transportation and other transaction costs, infrastructural constraints, productivity and commodity output shocks and the purchasing power of households. The study notes the wide range of price differences across the country, which to a large extent can be attributed to the interaction between remoteness and the quality of physical infrastructure. The effect of income <em>per capita</em> on price differentials is relatively uniform across commodities. The findings point towards the importance of strengthening the capacities of farmers and their productivity as a means to improve their livelihoods and foster more efficient markets with faster supply responses to changes in prices. The findings further emphasize the significance of spatial dimension and infrastructure conditions in Uganda, suggesting that infrastructural development must be a core area to reduce price differences in the country.
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Mawejje, Joseph, and Dorothy Nampewo. "Food prices, money growth and informal cross-border trade: evidence from Uganda." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2017-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential role of money supply and agricultural informal cross-border trade (ICBT) in Uganda’s food price processes. Design/methodology/approach The econometric analysis is based on two separate but complementary approaches: vector error correction modeling and Granger causality testing. Findings The results indicate that long-run domestic food prices adjust to money supply, agricultural output and exchange rate movements. However, the findings do not provide sufficient evidence to support the proposition that agricultural ICBT is an important long-run driver of food price in Uganda. The pair-wise Granger causality test results reveal a unidirectional causality from food prices to agricultural output; unidirectional causality from money supply to food prices; bidirectional causality between food prices and nominal exchange rates; unidirectional causality running from rainfall to food prices; and unidirectional causality running from agricultural ICBT to agricultural output. Social implications Understanding the underlying drivers of food inflation is critically important because food prices are critically important for food security, social stability and general household welfare. Originality/value The major innovation in this paper is attempt to model demand side determinants of food prices by focusing on the role of money and ICBT.
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Tugume, Patience, Mukadasi Buyinza, Esezah Kakudidi, Patrick Mucunguzi, James Kalema, Maud Kamatenesi, and Justine Namaalwa. "Non-Timber Forest Products Trade and Community Livelihoods around Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 4 (September 11, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i4.9482.
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This paper generates data on the diversity and value of non- timber forest products (NTFPs) traded in markets adjacent to Mabira Central forest reserve. The objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of NTFPs trade to the livelihoods of traders’ households. Quarterly market surveys and field observations were conducted in eleven markets in 2014. All NTFPs traders were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Simple profitability method was used to determine the profit margins of the traded products. The per capita value of NTFPs traded was calculated and was highest for drums ($ 3,101) and lowest for winnowing trays ($3). All products had profit margins above 60%. Income generated from NTFP trade was used to cater for other essential needs in households like payment of school fees, medical treatment, buying food and other household items. NTFP trade has potential of improving the lives of traders through establishment of NTFP enterprises. In order for such enterprises to be successful forest products traded must be harvested sustainably to ensure consistent supply of the products. Multipurpose species like Markhamia lutea, Phoenix reclinata, Raphia farinifera and Calmus sp. should be domesticated to minimize pressure on the forest. Keywords: Market, non-timber forest products, trade, profitability, income, Mabira, livelihood
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Golem, Devon L., and Carol Byrd-Bredbenner. "Emergency Food Supplies in Food Secure Households." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 4 (July 1, 2015): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15004884.
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AbstractIntroductionLimited food supply paired with reduced access to food during emergency disasters can lead to malnutrition. To date, research evaluating the adequacy of household emergency food supplies relies on self-reported data from surveys and has not been measured objectively in households in the United States. The main objective of this study was to describe household calorie availability and nutrient density in a normal situation and to project changes that could occur when emergencies (eg, natural disasters) restrict replenishment of food supplies and disrupt water and/or energy needed for food preparation and storage.HypothesisThe calorie availability of the food supply within households in New Jersey (USA) is anticipated to be well above the recommended 3-day period. However, it is anticipated that the nutritional density of the food supply within these households will be negative. Additionally, the disaster-related factors that diminish the ability to consume stored food (eg, lack of water, power for cooking, and/or proper storage) will further reduce the caloric and nutritional adequacy of the household food supply.MethodsThe household food supplies of 100 food secure families in New Jersey were inventoried at a non-emergency point in time. The number of days that the inventoried food supply would provide all household members 100% of the daily value (DV) for calories and other nutrients was determined. Additionally, the effects of water and power shortages on nutritional availability of household food supply were estimated.ResultsThe households had an average of 33.16 days (SD=21.97; range=8.14-125.17 days) of calories at 100% DV for all household members. Lack of water, energy for cooking, or both would render a decrease in the total household calories by 28%, 35%, or 38%, respectively. Loss of power for greater than five days would reduce availability of household calories by 27%. A positive nutrient density was observed with and without the food-related resources of water and power.ConclusionThe mean food supply within the sampled households exceeds the current emergency preparedness recommendations, even when considering specific nutrients and emergency-related factors that affect ability to consume the food supply. Cross-sectional observation of the household food supply of food secure families in New Jersey reveals adequate dietary-based emergency preparedness and low vulnerability to emergency-induced food insecurity.GolemDL,Byrd-BredbennerC.Emergency food supplies in food secure households.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(4):1–6.
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Van Campenhout, Bjorn. "Fertility, Agricultural Labor Supply, and Production: Instrumental Variable Evidence from Uganda." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 45, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 581–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.26.
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Human fertility can affect agricultural production through its effect on supply of agricultural labor. Using the fact that in traditional, patriarchal societies, sons are generally preferred to daughters, we isolate exogenous variation in the number of children born to a mother and relate it to the agricultural labor supply and production in Uganda, which has a dominant agricultural sector and high fertility. We find that fertility has a sizable negative effect on household labor allocation to subsistence agriculture. Households with lower fertility devote significantly more time to land preparation and weeding; larger households grow less matooke and sweet potatoes. We find no significant effect on agricultural productivity in terms of yield per land area.
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Pottier, Johan. "Coping with urban food insecurity: findings from Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 2 (May 20, 2015): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x1500018x.
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ABSTRACTResearch carried out in two densely populated wards of Kampala in 2012 shows that food-insecure households dropped, or significantly decreased, their consumption of matoke, the plantain staple, soon after its availability declined and the market price rose. They shifted to a diet for which the base was a stiff maize porridge (posho), eating just one meal a day. Many such households were headed by grandparents, single grandmothers especially. For the full set of household heads interviewed (118), access to rural family land (kibanja) stood out as critical for achieving year-round urban food security. With few exceptions, households that farmed ‘at home’ – about half the sample – saw themselves as food secure. Access negotiations, however, could be difficult, especially for women. The growing number of grandparents responsible for raising grandchildren and nieces/nephews, many of whom were orphaned, has given rise to a new discourse whereby care is increasingly given to maternal grandchildren.
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Namayengo, Faith M., Gerrit Antonides, and Francesco Cecchi. "Microcredit and Food Security: Evidence from Rural Households in Uganda." Journal of African Economies 27, no. 4 (January 17, 2018): 457–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejx043.
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Abstract This study investigates the effect of participation into a microcredit program on household food security parameters of female borrowers in a rural setting in Uganda. We explore the modes of food acquisition, dietary diversity, caloric and protein intake, and qualitative food insecurity measures for different categories of respondents. We conduct a cross-sectional analysis comparing old clients to newly registered first time borrowers. Next, we compare first time borrowers and non-borrowers using a panel design. While the cross-sectional analysis allows the comparison of women that similarly self-selected into borrowing, the panel analysis complements by providing insights into changes of food security parameters. In both cases, we use Kernel matching, or difference-in-difference with Kernel matching, to control for potential bias in observables, and perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to unobservables using Rosenbaum bounds as well as an individual fixed effects panel analysis. Results show a decline in food security following the uptake of microcredit. In particular, the analysis reveals robustly lower dietary diversity among long-time borrowers than new borrowers, and larger reductions in dietary diversity scores among new borrowers, after 1 year, compared to controls. The reduction in dietary diversity was traced to a reduction in animal-source food, fruit and sugar intake. We find indicative evidence that this is partly explained by a shift from own production to reliance on food purchase by households. Other household members relegating the burden of food provision to women after borrowing may also help explain the observed result.
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Namayengo, Faith M., Gerrit Antonides, and Francesco Cecchi. "Microcredit and Food Security: Evidence from Rural Households in Uganda." Journal of African Economies 27, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejy002.
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Wichern, Jannike, Mark T. van Wijk, Katrien Descheemaeker, Romain Frelat, Piet J. A. van Asten, and Ken E. Giller. "Food availability and livelihood strategies among rural households across Uganda." Food Security 9, no. 6 (November 18, 2017): 1385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0732-9.
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Sempewo, Jotham Ivan, John Mushomi, Martin Dahlin Tumutungire, Ronald Ekyalimpa, and Peter Kisaakye. "The impact of COVID-19 on households’ water use in Uganda." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (February 12, 2021): 2489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.044.
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Abstract The unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated the promotion of better hygiene practices to curb the spread of the virus. Better hygiene requires that households have a stable supply of water. However, little is known about the predictors of changes in water use in emergency situations such as COVID-19 in Uganda. This study uses data from a cross-sectional survey to examine the changes in the quantities of water used by 1,639 Ugandan households due to COVID-19. This article also explores the factors that are associated with changes in water use. The month March 2020 is used in this study as a cut-off because this is the month in which the government implemented a lockdown to curb the spread of the virus. Results indicate that most households had an increase in the quantity of water used after March 2020 when compared with the period before March 2020. Household characteristics that were associated with a change in the quantity of water used were age, sex, education, main occupation of household head, household size and region of residence. The results can be used to inform the prediction and demand modelling of household water use for improved water interventions for equitable water supply during emergencies.
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Etongo, Daniel, G. Fagan, Consolata Kabonesa, and Richard Asaba B. "Community-Managed Water Supply Systems in Rural Uganda: The Role of Participation and Capacity Development." Water 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091271.
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Over 85% of Uganda’s 34 million people depend on rural water supply systems and the current water and environment sector performance report (2017) reports an 84% functionality of rural water sources such as boreholes and shallow wells with a hand pump. Ensuring the continued operation of water points, and in keeping with participatory theory, the water user’s committees (WUCs) should also be a vehicle for empowering communities while bringing about greater equity of use. However, WUC members do not acquire the knowledge and skills they need by default but require different types of training. This study sought to evaluate community participation and capacity development in WUCs in relation to community-managed water supply systems. A shared dialogue workshop (SDW), as well as 642 randomly selected households across 17 villages in two Parishes in Lwengo district, southern Uganda were considered. Results indicated that 41.7% of surveyed households used an unprotected source while up to 30% had a member in a WUC. Fifty-two percent of households had never made any financial contributions to a WUC, while 34.6% did so on an ad hoc basis. This paper examines the relationship between participation, mobilization, and financial contributions. The chi-square test indicated mobilization has no impact on household financial contributions to a WUC. However, the majority of even those households that were mobilized made a payment only occasionally, and specifically when the source broke down. Additionally, the test result reveals that there is no difference between better off and relatively poor households in their contributions to a WUC, an indication that other factors influence such decisions. Training activities, especially on the operation and maintenance of water points and to undertake minor repairs, were mostly provided by non-governmental organizations (NGOs)/project staff. Abandoned boreholes, lack of rehabilitation activities, and loss of enthusiasm are all indications that the technical, financial, and institutional performance of community-managed water supply systems needs improvement.
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Andrews, Martyn J., Jennifer Golan, and Jann Lay. "Inefficiency of Male and Female Labor Supply in Agricultural Households: Evidence from Uganda." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 97, no. 3 (October 27, 2014): 998–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau091.
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Rukundo, Peter M., Arne Oshaug, Bård A. Andreassen, Joyce Kikafunda, Byaruhanga Rukooko, and Per O. Iversen. "Food variety consumption and household food insecurity coping strategies after the 2010 landslide disaster – the case of Uganda." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 17 (June 9, 2016): 3197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001397.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional situation of the victims of the 2010 landslide disaster in Uganda, food varieties consumed and coping strategies were assessed.DesignCross-sectional. Food variety scores (FVS) were obtained as the total of food items eaten over the last week while an index was based on severity weighting of household food insecurity coping strategies. We included 545 affected and 533 control households.SettingVictims in the affected Bududa district in Eastern Uganda and those victims resettled in the Kiryandongo district, Western Uganda.ResultsAdjusted for covariates, in Bududa significantly higher mean FVS were observed among: affected than controls; farmers than others; and relief food recipients. Control households scored higher means (se) on severity of coping: 28·6 (1·3) v. 19·2 (1·2; P<0·01). In Kiryandongo, significantly higher FVS were observed among: control households; household heads educated above primary school; those with assets that complement food source; and recipients of relief food. Severity of coping was significantly higher among affected households and non-recipients of relief food. Affected households had a higher likelihood to skip a day without eating a household meal in Bududa (OR=2·31; 95 % CI 1·62, 3·29; P<0·01) and Kiryandongo (OR=1·77; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·57; P<0·01).ConclusionsWhereas FVS and severity of coping showed opposite trends in the two districts, resettlement into Kiryandongo led to severe coping experiences. Administrative measures that provide a combination of relief food, social protection and resettlement integration may offset undesirable coping strategies affecting diet.
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Mugisha, Johnny, Robert Mwadime, Christopher Sebatta, Robert Gensi, and Bernard Obaa. "Factors Enhancing Household Nutrition Outcomes in Potato Value Chain in South-Western Uganda." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p215.
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In Uganda, agricultural commercialization has been promoted to reduce poverty and improve household food security. South-western Uganda, the major producer of potato, has been considered the food basket of the country but it has one of the highest prevalence rates of stunting in children under 5. This study considered potato enterprise as a key pathway for enhancing household food and nutrition security because it has become a major income source and staple in the diets of many households in the area and most urban areas in the country. The objective was to determine factors that influence farm household nutrition and food security outcomes. Through a survey, data were collected from 434 randomly selected potato farmer households. Descriptive and econometric methods were used in data analysis. Results show that household dietary diversity score was low (3.2) for most (57%) of the households. Only 38% were food secure. The main factors enhancing household nutrition outcomes were size of land, livestock units owned, proportion of household income spent on food, and education of household head, while farmer’s experience in potato production had a negative effect. The size of land owned, crop diversification, income from potato, age and education of household head, and a famer being male enhanced household food security outcomes. The study recommends promoting improved production practices to maximize land productivity, integration of livestock in potato production, and training women and men in household food and nutrition and related use of income.
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Karimi, Fraidoon, Fazel Rab Aria, and Abdul Qahar Qarluq. "Studies on food safety of melon in its food supply chain." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 2, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v2i3.19.
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Food safety is an important issue in the food supply chain and food trad. Since unsafe food will cause serious health problems. Melons may contaminate with bacteria, viruses or parasites. Findings of studies indicating that pathogens may transfer from the skin to the flesh of the fruit while fruit cutting. Salmonella, Listeria, Norovirus, and E. coli can easily multiply on the flesh which is low in acidity when temperature is ambient. Thus, consumption of melon in the past considered a reason of illness outbreaks. To reduce the possibility of illness, personnel and kitchen hygiene should be strictly considered during the preparation of melons for consumption. So that, it is important to take care of hygienic measure such as sufficiently large and clean working areas, clean hands, clean knives and chopping boards. These apparently simple of hygiene rules are more important since a small dose of pathogens can cause a serious infection and illness. Further, recommending to food retail stores, catering businesses and households to cut up a quantity that they can eat in a serve, and/or can sell within two hours. Households should quickly eat melons after cutting up or put in the refrigerator as quickly as possible. Cut melons which are unrefrigerated for longer time or exposed to direct sun light, should not be eaten. More attention should be given to people who are vulnerable, including, sick persons, elderly as well as small children and pregnant women.
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Bukusuba, John, Joyce K. Kikafunda, and Roger G. Whitehead. "Food security status in households of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in a Ugandan urban setting." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 1 (July 2007): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507691806.
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Because HIV/AIDS negatively impacts on the food security status of households, it is crucial to identify how households respond to these impacts, in order to identify positive food security entry points and design strategies that can effectively alleviate food insecurity among the households of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). A cross-sectional study was thus undertaken to establish how HIV affected households in an urban Ugandan setting in terms of response to food shortages and the interrelations between the practice of agriculture by PLWHA households within and around town, food security, access to food aid and dietary diversity among these households. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using quantitative methods from 144 randomly recruited households of PLWHA (aged 15–49 years) residing in Jinja town in Eastern Uganda. The study showed that the HIV/AIDS pandemic has increased the inability of affected households in the study area to put enough food on the table, possibly because of the continued decreased productivity in these households and the high expenditure on medical costs. Various coping mechanisms identified in the households of PLWHA may contribute to poor adherence to antiretroviral regimes and poor quality of life for all household members. However, the practice of agriculture by PLWHA households was one of the positive coping mechanisms to alleviate food insecurity.
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Owino, Abraham, Ronald Wesonga, and Fabian Nabugoomu. "Determining Food Insecurity: An Application of the Rasch Model with Household Survey Data in Uganda." International Journal of Food Science 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/121269.
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The inexplicable nature of food insecurity in parts of Uganda and worldwide necessitated an investigation into the nature, extent, and differentials of household food security. The main objective of this study was to examine the food security dynamics and model household food insecurity. The Rasch modelling approach was employed on a dataset from a sample of 1175 (Tororo = 577; Busia = 598) randomly selected households in the year 2010. All households provided responses to the food security questions and none was omitted from the analysis. At 5 percent level of significance the analysis indicated that Tororo district average food security assessment (0.137 ± 0.181) was lower than that for Busia district (0.768 ± 0.177). All the mean square fit statistics were in the range of 0.5 to 1.5, and none of them showed any signs of distortion, degradation, or less productivity for measurement. This confirmed that items used in this study were very productive for measurement of food security in the study area. The study recommends further analysis where item responses are ordered polytomous rather than the dichotomous item response functions used. Furthermore, consideration should be given to fit models that allow for different latent distributions for households with children and those without children and possibly other subgroups of respondents.
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Nakakawa, Frances, Johnny Mugisha, Gracious M. Diiro, Archeleo N. Kaaya, and Nazarious M. Tumwesigye. "Food and nutrition status of households with women living with HIV in Uganda." Scientific African 8 (July 2020): e00394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00394.
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Patterson, Kaitlin, Lea Berrang-Ford, Shuaib Lwasa, Didacus B. Namanya, James Ford, Fortunate Twebaze, Sierra Clark, Blánaid Donnelly, and Sherilee L. Harper. "Seasonal variation of food security among the Batwa of Kanungu, Uganda." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 1 (September 13, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002494.
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AbstractObjectiveClimate change is projected to increase the burden of food insecurity (FI) globally, particularly among populations that depend on subsistence agriculture. The impacts of climate change will have disproportionate effects on populations with higher existing vulnerability. Indigenous people consistently experience higher levels of FI than their non-Indigenous counterparts and are more likely to be dependent upon land-based resources. The present study aimed to understand the sensitivity of the food system of an Indigenous African population, the Batwa of Kanungu District, Uganda, to seasonal variation.DesignA concurrent, mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) design was used. Six cross-sectional retrospective surveys, conducted between January 2013 and April 2014, provided quantitative data to examine the seasonal variation of self-reported household FI. This was complemented by qualitative data from focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews collected between June and August 2014.SettingTen rural Indigenous communities in Kanungu District, Uganda.SubjectsFI data were collected from 130 Indigenous Batwa Pygmy households. Qualitative methods involved Batwa community members, local key informants, health workers and governmental representatives.ResultsThe dry season was associated with increased FI among the Batwa in the quantitative surveys and in the qualitative interviews. During the dry season, the majority of Batwa households reported greater difficulty in acquiring sufficient quantities and quality of food. However, the qualitative data indicated that the effect of seasonal variation on FI was modified by employment, wealth and community location.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role social factors play in mediating seasonal impacts on FI and support calls to treat climate associations with health outcomes as non-stationary and mediated by social sensitivity.
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ORR, ALASTAIR, BLESSINGS KAMBOMBO, CHRISTA ROTH, DAVE HARRIS, and VINCENT DOYLE. "ADOPTION OF INTEGRATED FOOD-ENERGY SYSTEMS: IMPROVED COOKSTOVES AND PIGEONPEA IN SOUTHERN MALAWI." Experimental Agriculture 51, no. 2 (September 11, 2014): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000222.
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SUMMARYWe analyse the adoption of an Integrated Food-Energy System (IFES) in southern Malawi. The IFES combined the improved cookstove (chitetezo mbaula in Chichewa), designed to reduce demand for fuelwood, with the pigeonpea variety Mthawajuni, which increased both food supply and supply of fuelwood from pigeonpea stems. Adoption of the improved cookstove was found to be higher among households that were better off and where women had greater control over decision-making. However, adoption of the IFES was not associated with reduced demand for fuelwood from forests and hills or reduced frequency of collection. IFES adopters might have high fuelwood consumption because they were better off, but fuelwood consumption in better-off households did not differ significantly between IFES adopters and non-adopters. Pigeonpea increased food supply for adopter households, including children aged less than five years. Consequently, the IFES has had mixed results, improving food supply but not reducing demand for fuelwood. Households ranked early maturity, fuelwood and yield as the three most important reasons for preferring Mthawajuni over other varieties of pigeonpea. The plant breeding programme for pigeonpea in Malawi should evaluate improved varieties not only for earliness and grain yield but also for the production of fuelwood. Improved varieties with desirable market traits have had limited success in the absence of reliable markets and price incentives.
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AGARD, LAVAUGHN, CORLIS ALEXANDER, SIMONE GREEN, MICHAEL JACKSON, SANJEEV PATEL, and ABIODUN ADESIYUN. "Microbial Quality of Water Supply to an Urban Community in Trinidad." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.8.1297.
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A microbiological study was conducted to determine the quality of the water supply to an urban community in San Fernando proper in south Trinidad using total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms as indicators of water pollution. The membrane filter technique was used to detect total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms on endo agar and MFc agar, respectively. The residual chlorine levels in water from the reservoir, from standpipes along the distribution line, and from households were determined with a commercial test kit. Of a total of 104 drinking water samples obtained from households, 84 (80.8%), 56 (53.8%), and 70 (67.3%) tested positive for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, χ2). Of the 81 water samples collected from the Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA) main supply to households, 38 (46.9%), 13 (16.0%), and 27 (33.3%) were contaminated by total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and E. coli, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, χ2). Eight (20.5%) of 39 water samples from standpipes along the distribution line tested positive for total coliforms, compared with 4 (10.3%) samples testing positive for thermotolerant coliforms. All five samples of treated water obtained from the reservoir tested negative for coliforms. There was a significant difference (P = 0.004) in the mean residual chlorine levels in water from the reservoir, water from standpipes, and water from households. Similarly, as the level of residual chlorine decreased, there was a statistically significant (P = 0.004) increase in the prevalence of total coliforms in water from 0.0% (treated reservoir water) to 15.2% (standpipe) to 53.5% (household mains) to 80.0% (household drinking water). There was also a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001, χ2) in the prevalence of total coliforms in drinking water and in water from the WASA main supply to households. Of the 105 E. coli strains tested, 7 (6.7%), 16 (15.2%), and 22 (21.0%) were mucoid, hemolytic, and non–sorbitol fermenters, respectively. It was concluded that the high degree of contamination of drinking water in households poses a health hazard to consumers.
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Kiiza, Dr Barnabas, and Dr George Omiat. "The Impact of Savings and Credit Cooperatives on Household Welfare: Evidence from Uganda." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 7, no. 3 (April 25, 2021): p33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v7n3p33.
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Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) help in reducing the financial exclusion gap. This study examines whether SACCOs improve the welfare of households. Data used are from 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS) done in Uganda by the Bureau of Statistics. Treatment cases are households that saved in SACCOs only while control cases are those that did not use the services nor save in SACCOs, banks or microfinance institutions. Propensity Score Matching and a two-step Treatment Effects’ model are used. Findings show that SACCOs have a positive and significant impact on household dietary diversity score, food consumption score, household clothing/footwear expenditure, and school enrollment rates in Uganda. The results are robust to hidden selection bias. The results show that SACCOs play a key role in improving household food security, non-food expenditure, and human capital development for the poor facing financial exclusion from banks and traditional microfinance institutions.
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Okori, Washington, Joseph Obua, and Venansius Baryamureeba. "Logit Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Famine in Uganda." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0208.
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Socioeconomic factors affecting food security in Uganda were studied in 2004-2005, and secondary agricultural production data collected by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics used to determine famine-prone households. The relationship between predictor and outcome variables was determined using a logistic regression model. Famine risk at different strata of predictive variables was analyzed using bivariate analysis. The model was fitted with 13 factors, with those significantly related to food insecurity found to be distance to gardens, household size, amount of labor input, livestock number, distance to main roads, household income, household head age, and agricultural shock. Further study using a predictive model combining environmental stress and socioeconomic factors would improve food insecurity prediction.
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Nabuuma, Deborah, Beatrice Ekesa, Mieke Faber, and Xikombiso Mbhenyane. "Food security and food sources linked to dietary diversity in rural smallholder farming households in central Uganda." AIMS Agriculture and Food 6, no. 2 (2021): 644–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2021038.
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Mtika, Mike Mathambo. "Social and Cultural Relations in Economic Action: The Embeddedness of Food Security in Rural Malawi Amidst the AIDS Epidemic." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, no. 2 (February 2000): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a31190.
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In its prescription of how food security among rural households can be attained and how problems such as AIDS can be addressed, the neoclassical utiliarian view envisions individual house-holds making atomistic decisions in the use of their resources, goods, and services (entitlements). In exploring the effect of illness and death on household food security in rural Malawi amidst the AIDS epidemic, I find that the embeddedness view explains more convincingly how rural households secure their food supply and deal with illness and death. This view suggests that individual households' use of their entitlements indeed contributes to household food security and the fight against illness and death, but that such use is shaped by the entitlement system that embodies collective beliefs, rules, expectations, and obligations. Social and cultural relations between households, anchored in the entitlement system, enable households to share their entitlements through reciprocity and redistribution, thereby contributing to collective food security and diffusing the burden of illness and death across households. Rural Malawians are thus not isolated actors envisioned by the utilitarian view but social actors who constantly engage in negotiations with each other, sharing their entitlements, and thus collectively securing their food supply and diffusing burdens. Food security then gets compromised when burdens reach a threshold that fractures social and cultural ties thus disabling households from sharing entitlements. AIDS is a threat to food security in rural Malawi because of its potential to make the spread of illness and death burdens so extensive that households would be unable to share their entitlements.
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Rejman, Krystyna, Hanna Górska-Warsewicz, Maksymilian Czeczotko, and Wacław Laskowski. "Nonalcoholic Beverages as Sources of Nutrients in the Average Polish Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051262.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the sources of energy, carbohydrates, 10 minerals, and 9 vitamins from nonalcoholic beverages in the average Polish diet. For the analysis, we used data from the 2016 Household Budget Survey conducted on the representative sample of the Polish population (36,886 households, n = 99,230). According to the source of data, we included four subgroups in analyzed food category: fruit juices, vegetable juices and mixed, mineral and spring waters, and other nonalcoholic beverages. We used the cluster analysis to assess the impact of sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the households on the structure of supplying energy and nutrients from each subgroup of the nonalcoholic beverages. Our analyses have shown that nonalcoholic beverages are primarily important in providing several nutrients: vitamin C (15.9% of the total vitamin C supply), vitamin B6 (8.9% of vitamin B supply), folates (8.5% of folate supply), carbohydrates (6.8% of carbohydrate supply), calcium (5.9% of calcium supply), and magnesium (5.5% of magnesium supply). The analysis of the consumption structure of this category of food showed that the subgroup of other nonalcoholic beverages brings more than three-fourth of carbohydrates (77%), vitamin B6 and folates (76% each), and 43% of vitamin C supplied by nonalcoholic beverages. More than half (51%) of vitamin C provided by nonalcoholic beverages comes from fruit juices and the remaining 6% comes from other juices (vegetable and mixed). In the case of minerals, mineral and spring waters consumption is important as it accounts for 65% of the calcium supply and 55% of the magnesium in nonalcoholic beverages category. The share of individual subgroups of beverages in the supply of ingredients in the diet is significantly differentiated by four socioeconomic characteristics of households: family life phase, age, socioeconomic type of household, and number of people in the household. This is particularly evident in the case of other nonalcoholic beverages, that the share of this subgroup in the energy and carbohydrates supply in the households of young people, employees (both blue-collar and white-collar workers), and families with children increases to 10%. Our results show that in order to reduce the intake of free sugars and increase the intake of deficient minerals, which is crucial in preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), it is necessary to encourage consumers to replace sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with water and eat fruits instead of drinking juice.
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Gubert, Muriel B., Anna Maria Segall-Corrêa, Ana Maria Spaniol, Jessica Pedroso, Stefanie Eugênia dos Anjos Campos Coelho, and Rafael Pérez-Escamilla. "Household food insecurity in black-slaves descendant communities in Brazil: has the legacy of slavery truly ended?" Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 8 (December 20, 2016): 1513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016003414.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with food insecurity among Quilombolas communities in Brazil.DesignAn analysis of secondary data assessed in the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess household food security status. Sociodemographic conditions and access to social programmes and benefits were also evaluated.SettingNational survey census from recognized Quilombolas Brazilian territories.SubjectsQuilombolas households (n 8846).ResultsAbout half (47·8 %) of the Quilombolas lived in severely food-insecure households, with the North and Northeast regions facing the most critical situation. Households located in North Brazil, whose head of the family had less than 4 years of education, with a monthly per capita income below $US 44, without adequate sanitation and without adequate water supply had the greatest chance of experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity. Households that had access to a water supply programme for dry regions (Programa Cisternas) and an agricultural harvest subsidy programme (Programa Garantia Safra) had less chance of experiencing moderate and severe food insecurity. Households that did not have access to health care (Programa Saúde da Família) had greater chance of suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity.ConclusionsInterventions are urgently needed to strengthen and promote public policies aimed to improve living conditions and food security in Quilombolas communities.
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Romo-Aviles, Mariana, and Luis Ortiz-Hernández. "Energy and nutrient supply according to food insecurity severity among Mexican households." Food Security 10, no. 5 (September 17, 2018): 1163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0836-x.
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Bhandari, Prem. "Regional Variation in Food Security in Nepal." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 12 (December 31, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v12i0.22174.
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Food security is a global challenge. This paper examines the regional variation in household food security in Nepal. Specifically, I examine the variation in household level food security with particular reference to newly formed provinces constructed as per the new constitution (2015) of the country, three ecological regions and rural-urban locations of households. I use the nationally representative data from 2011 Nepal Demographic Health Survey to investigate the issue. Using both descriptive as well as multivariate analysis, evidences show that there is regional variation in overall food security in Nepal. Findings show that food security is a problem of rural households. Moreover, food security status of households also significantly varied by province. Households living in Karnali and Far-west provinces (province 6 and 7) located in the western part of Nepal are more food insecure as compared to those living in other provinces. Food security status of households also varied by domains of food security. While anxiety about food supply was an issue for households in the mountains and the hills, food security in terms of quality was equally important in all three ecological regions. However, interestingly, quantity of intake was not a major issue in all the three ecological regions. All three domains were important for households that live in rural areas as well as those living in provinces other than those in Karnali and Far-west provinces. These findings provide a macro level snap shot of food security situation of Nepal and are deemed important for the newly formed federal and provincial governments for food policy framing. Further investigation at the micro-level is necessary for more concrete policies.
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Bukusuba, John, Archileo N. Kaaya, and Abel Atukwase. "Predictors of Stunting in Children Aged 6 to 59 Months: A Case–Control Study in Southwest Uganda." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 4 (October 4, 2017): 542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117731666.
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Background: Stunting affects close to 2.4 million children in Uganda, and it is among the major contributors to the annual loss in productivity of the equivalent of US$899 million. Objective: This study sought to identify the key underlying causes of the persistently high stunting rates in a region of Uganda known to have low poverty rates and a high agricultural output. Methods: A matched case–control study was conducted in Buhweju district, southwest Uganda to compare prior exposures between stunted children (cases) and nonstunted children (controls). Results: The sample comprised 56 cases and 112 controls, totaling 168 children aged 6 to 59 months. There were almost equal numbers of boys and girls in the sample. Boys were significantly more likely to be stunted compared to girls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4.2; P < .05). Stunted children were significantly less likely to be introduced to complementary foods at an appropriate age and their primary caregivers lacked knowledge about stunting. The odds of stunting were 2.4 times greater for children in food-insecure households compared to those in food-secure households (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1-5.0; P < .05) and 4.5 times greater among children who resided in poor quality houses (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.4-13.0; P < .05). Conclusion: Low access to appropriate complementary diets, sex of child, food insecurity, poor socioeconomic status, and low knowledge about stunting were the main predictors of childhood stunting in the study population.
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Romo-Aviles, Mariana, and Luis Ortiz-Hernández. "Contribution of NOVA food groups to energy and nutrient supply in Mexican households." Salud Pública de México 61, no. 2, Mar-Abr (March 7, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/8923.
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Borbély, Csaba, and Rebeka Gőbel. "The Examination of Food Waste Behaviour in Hungarian Households." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2021-0002.
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Abstract Our current existence on the Earth raises a number of contradictions such as our relation to food. According to the FAO, a third of the food produced does not reach consumers; according to calculations by the World Resources Institute, even if we reduced losses by a quarter, 795 million people would have enough food to feed. This controversial situation gives topicality to the topic, which will only grow as the Earth’s population grows by about 80 million people a year and our resources for nourishment are finite. In our research we focused on households within the topic area of food waste generated in the supply chain. This focus of research is considered a difficult one because results could be found only with data logging and this method has several limitations which could distort the results. In our research, 20 households in Kaposvár were asked to log the amount of their food waste for 14 days. We set up five hypotheses before our research.
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Rakotomanana, Hasina, Joel J. Komakech, Christine N. Walters, and Barbara J. Stoecker. "The WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) Indicators for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene and Their Association with Linear Growth in Children 6 to 23 Months in East Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 6262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176262.
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The slow decrease in child stunting rates in East Africa warrants further research to identify the influence of contributing factors such as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). This study investigated the association between child length and WASH conditions using the recently revised WHO and UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) indicators. Data from households with infants and young children aged 6–23 months from the Demographic and Health Surveys in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia were used. Associations for each country between WASH conditions and length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) were analyzed using linear regression. Stunting rates were high (>20%) reaching 45% in Burundi. At the time of the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), more than half of the households in most countries did not have basic or safely managed WASH indicators. Models predicted significantly higher LAZ for children living in households with safely managed drinking water compared to those living in households drinking from surface water in Kenya (β = 0.13, p < 0.01) and Tanzania (β = 0.08, p < 0.05) after adjustment with child, maternal, and household covariates. Children living in households with improved sanitation facilities not shared with other households were also taller than children living in households practicing open defecation in Ethiopia (β = 0.07, p < 0.01) and Tanzania (β = 0.08, p < 0.01) in the adjusted models. All countries need improved WASH conditions to reduce pathogen and helminth contamination. Targeting adherence to the highest JMP indicators would support efforts to reduce child stunting in East Africa.
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Ognjenovic, Kosovka. "Water supply in households and conditions for tourism development in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 96, no. 1 (2016): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1601105o.
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The global structural change, together with "the green revolution", caused the economic growth to be based on the service sector today, instead on the traditional economic sectors. The main focus of this paper is on the factors that affect the decisions of households in Serbia to participate in the tourism industry in the context of the sustainable development. In particular, a significant portion of the analysis is devoted to the constraints that can be induced by inadequate drinking water supply and its quality in households. These factors can be considered the main limitations to those households that decide to provide accommodation and food services to the tourists in their local touristreceiver communities. The empirical analysis is based on survey data that describe conditions in the households, whereas the econometric framework is employed in order to determine structural relationships. The null hypothesis that drinking water supply and quality do not affect the likelihood of the household participating in the tourism industry is tested and accepted based on the probit model estimates. The difference between the public urban and local water supply systems that provide drinking water to the households is statistically confirmed, but it does not affect the likelihood of the household participating in the tourism industry.
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Mukama, Trasias, Rawlance Ndejjo, David Musoke, Geofrey Musinguzi, Abdullah Ali Halage, David O. Carpenter, and John C. Ssempebwa. "Practices, Concerns, and Willingness to Participate in Solid Waste Management in Two Urban Slums in Central Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6830163.
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Poor solid waste management is among the major challenges facing urban slums in developing countries including Uganda. Understanding community concerns and willingness towards involvement in solid waste management improvement initiatives is critical for informing interventions in slums.Methods. We used a cross-sectional study to collect quantitative data from 435 residents in two urban slums in central Uganda. A semistructured questionnaire was used which assessed waste collection practices, separation and disposal methods, concerns regarding solid wastes, and willingness to participate in waste separation and composting. Data was analysed using STATA 12.Results. Food remains (38%) and plastics (37%) formed the biggest proportion of wastes generated in households. Most households (35.9%) disposed of general wastes by open dumping while 27% disposed of plastics by burning. Only 8.8% of households conducted composting while 55% carried out separation for some decomposable wastes. Separation was carried out for only banana peelings and leftover foods for feeding animals. Respondents expressed high willingness to separate (76.6%) and compost (54.9%) solid wastes.Conclusion. Practices in waste disposal and separation were poor despite high willingness to participate in initiatives to improve waste management, highlighting a need for authorities to engage residents of slums to improve their practices.
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Trębska, Paulina. "Znaczenie spożycia naturalnego w wiejskich gospodarstwach domowych wyodrębnionych według cech społeczno-ekonomicznych." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 115 (September 30, 2016): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2016.115.36.
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The aim of this article is to define the role and assess the scale of natural consumption in rural households as well as to identify some factors determining the choice of this form of meeting food needs. The research material was based on own survey conducted in 2012 among representatives of 1,000 rural households located in the Mazovia region. The role of self-supply of food and services in surveyed households turned out to be so significant that the importance of natural consumption in rural households categorized according to socio-economic conditions was also examined. The studies show that number of farmers and total number of people in the household have an important impact on the natural consumption among rural households located in Mazovia region.
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Olaleye, David Tobi, Abiodun Elijah Obayelu, and Omotoso Oluseye Ogunmola. "Urban Food Crop Farming and Farm Households’ Food Security Status in Oyo State, Nigeria." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 12, no. 1-2 (May 2, 2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2018/1-2/3.
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Food production and supply has been on the decline in Nigeria with a consequent impact on household food security. This study examined the influence of urban farming on household food security in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 159 farm households in a cross-sectional survey. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-economic characteristics, determine the food security status of urban crop farming households in the study area, and examine the effects of urban crop production on households’ food security status. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics while the statistical tools were Food Security Index (FSI) and Probit Regression Model (PRM). Results revealed that 84.9% of the respondents was male, 81.2% married. The average age, household size, and farm size were 49.6 years, 6 persons, 1.1 hectares respectively. Most (75.5%) of the respondents did not have access to consumption credit and 62.3% did not belong to any farmers association. Based on minimum daily energy requirement per adult equivalent of N230.8, 90.6% of the farm households was food secure.
The PRM showed that age (β = -0.1, p<0.05), household size (β= -0.4, p<0.01) and economic efficiency (β = -61.6, p<0.05) reduced the probability of household food security while access to consumption credit (β= 1.7, p<0.05) and allocative efficiency (β = 67.9, p<0.05) increased the probability of household food security. The study concluded that urban farming significantly influence household food security.
JEL Classification: Q11
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Carreño, Pia, and Andres Silva. "Fruit and vegetable expenditure disparities: evidence from Chile." British Food Journal 121, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 1203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2018-0365.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore fruit and vegetable (FV) procurement disparity across income groups. Design/methodology/approach This study uses mean comparison and quintile regression to explain FVs variations. Findings Households from the highest income quantile spend more than two times on FVs than households from the lowest quantile; however, this expenditure disparity is largely mitigated in terms of purchase quantity. This paper presents evidence that, rather than quantity discounts or income neighborhood, the type of store (traditional markets vs supermarkets) plays a relevant role in explaining the smaller gap in terms of purchase quantity. Research limitations/implications Traditional markets help low-income households access low-cost FVs. Social implications The authors generate evidence to show that traditional markets play a relevant role to supply affordable FV to low-income households. Originality/value The paper used a high-quality and uncommon data set. It is a topic of high social impact.
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Paska, I., Yu Grinchuk, and I. Artіmonova. "Determinants of formation of agro-food chains in the environment of households of Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1(162) (April 22, 2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2021-162-1-28-40.
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The article is devoted to the study of the determinants of the formation of agri-food chains in the households of Ukraine and the substantiation of the directions of their integration into competitive supply chains. It is argued that the developments in both scientific and practical aspects of creating conditions and prerequisites for the integration of PF in the competitiveness of the supply chain and increasing value added at each level of its participants are relevant. It is highlighted that local supply chains in foreign practice are considered as tools for generating income of the rural population, the implementation of the principles of sustainable development of rural areas, as well as considered as short, local and "smart chains". It is substantiated that it is the promotion of the development of local agricultural chains with the involvement of PF in domestic practice that will contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas, ensuring food security of the country. It is argued that in order to create preconditions and conditions for the development of rural households for crop production, it is necessary to develop measures to streamline sales channels and include them in competitive supply chains. It is established that a significant part of agricultural products grown by households is used for self-sufficiency of the family, feed for farm animals and poultry, and surplus products, especially in remote rural areas, are lost due to spoilage and unclaimed. It is clear that the informal relationship between the distribution and exchange of crop products produced in PF is not a tool to maximize the profits of their members. and, therefore, it is advisable to create favorable economic conditions for their inclusion in the supply chain of agricultural production. The characteristic properties of commodity parties, PF are systematized, namely: small volumes of production, low technological standards, limited production resources, which limits the opportunities to use the potential opportunities to return capital on a scale. It was found that a certain part of the grown crop products is sold by PF through a network of retail food markets, the sale of fruits and vegetables and potatoes is carried out through retail organizations, wholesale markets for agricultural products and trade intermediaries. Measures are proposed to integrate PF into value chains on the basis of creating a network of regional wholesale and distribution centers and organizing units for purchasing surplus agricultural products, deepening the development of agricultural cooperation. Key words: agricultural sector, employment, rural households, small farmers, competitive supply chains.
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Jaravel, Xavier. "What Is the Impact of Food Stamps on Prices and Product Variety? The Importance of the Supply Response." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181071.
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Comparing US states that implemented policies generating state-specific variation in the take-up rate for food stamps, I find that food stamp eligible households experienced lower inflation and a faster increase in product variety in states with a larger increase in take-up (i.e., with increasing demand from the eligible population). Consistent with a causal interpretation, the effects are driven by food products with strong local brands and there is no comparable pattern for ineligible households across the income distribution. Thus, the long-run supply response to changes in demand from food stamp recipients has a first-order impact on the program's cost-benefit analysis.
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Allcott, Hunt, Rebecca Diamond, Jean-Pierre Dubé, Jessie Handbury, Ilya Rahkovsky, and Molly Schnell. "Food Deserts and the Causes of Nutritional Inequality*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 1793–844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz015.
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Abstract We study the causes of “nutritional inequality”: why the wealthy eat more healthfully than the poor in the United States. Exploiting supermarket entry and household moves to healthier neighborhoods, we reject that neighborhood environments contribute meaningfully to nutritional inequality. We then estimate a structural model of grocery demand, using a new instrument exploiting the combination of grocery retail chains’ differing presence across geographic markets with their differing comparative advantages across product groups. Counterfactual simulations show that exposing low-income households to the same products and prices available to high-income households reduces nutritional inequality by only about 10%, while the remaining 90% is driven by differences in demand. These findings counter the argument that policies to increase the supply of healthy groceries could play an important role in reducing nutritional inequality.
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Wane, Abdrahmane, Jean-Joseph Cadilhon, and Mamadou Yauck. "Socioeconomic impacts of innovative dairy supply chain practices – The case of the Laiterie du Berger in the Senegalese Sahel." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 4 (July 24, 2017): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2015.0218.
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This study analyzes the Laiterie Du Berger (LDB)’s milk supply chain and its contribution to strengthening the food security and socioeconomic resources of Senegalese Sahelian pastoral households. Porter’s value chain model is used to characterize the innovations introduced by the LDB dairy in its milk inbound logistics and supplier relationships. A socioeconomic food security index and qualitative data are used to assess the dairy’s supply chain’s contribution to strengthen smallholder households’ livelihoods. Data for this research were obtained through individual surveys, focus groups and in-depth interviews of LDB managers and milk suppliers. Results show that milk income contributes significantly to household food security. Suppliers who stabilize their dairy income between rainy and dry seasons, diversify income sources and have larger herds are more likely to remain food secure. The LDB innovations contribute by helping herders access biophysical and economic resources, leading to better livestock feed and household food security.
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Odongo, Walter, Manoj Dora, Adrienn Molnár, Duncan Ongeng, and Xavier Gellynck. "Performance perceptions among food supply chain members." British Food Journal 118, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 1783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2015-0357.
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Purpose – A good supply chain relationship quality (RQ) is a crucial precursor for any stable exchange relationship which ensures relationship continuity. Although empirical research suggests that strengthening RQ improves supply chain performance (SCP), most studies have focused on dyadic business relationships. To fully understand the relational behaviour of a firm embedded in a supply chain, we need to look beyond the dyad into triads. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how SCP is influenced by RQ in a triadic agribusiness supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – Evidence is drawn from a quantitative survey of 150 agribusiness firms in the maize supply chain in Uganda. Data were collected in triadic context from 50 direct supply chains each composing of a supplier, focal firm and customer. Multi-group structural equations modelling (SEM) was used to assess the differences in perception on the influence of RQ on SCP amongst the supply chain members. Findings – Results provides empirical support for the positive influence of RQ on SCP. SEM reveals differences in perception between the upstream and downstream and amongst the supply chains members. While focal firms considered conflict, coercive power, commitment and trust to be important; suppliers considered trust, dependency and non-coercive power; and customers considered trust, dependency and coercive power to be important RQ factors affecting SCP. Practical implications – For agribusiness managers to enhance business performance there is need to cultivate strong and mutual relationship with supply chain members. It is also important to know how to handle conflicts and use of power so as to realise the benefits of supply chain relationships. Originality/value – The paper is novel in that it assesses SCP in a triadic context in an agribusiness sector from a developing country context. The authors used novel approaches including analysis of a triad, and multiple groups SEM to assess perceptions of each supply chain member’s.
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Bartha, Ákos, and Bálint Horváth. "Effects of Certain Personal Attributes on Food Waste." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.2.20.
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With the increase of food supply and the improvement of production processes, the real value of certain food products has been steadily declining over the past decades, which is certainly a trend that has seriously transformed the moral value of food, its role in society and its associated personal attitudes. According to UN and FAO estimates, in 2016, 30-35% of our food was wasted. Food waste in households is also a special area of research in terms of their high wasting rate. While exploring the causes of high amounts of consumer waste, a research group has also correlated (with mathematical models) the gradual growth rate of food waste, the US obesity epidemic and the growing supply of cheaper food products (Hall et al. 2009). In our research, we examine certain personal aspects in case of specific (e.g. functional) foods as well. A significant decrease in food waste coming from households could be attained by controlling our attitudes. Food waste, consumption awareness, eating habits, food mileage, water footprint, sustainable eating, energy efficiency: these are all terms which have to have their meaning and importance taught to people, as they contain important – affecting the level of wasting – information. Therefore, we can see that food waste itself is one of the most serious, paradoxical and global modern issues which the developed world has identified, and is trying to decrease by using national and international interventions in order to limit food supply anomalies and environmental loads as much as possible. Understanding personal attributes more precisely might be a good practice for providing future solutions, as well.
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Roby, Jini L., and Stacey A. Shaw. "Evaluation of a Community-Based Orphan Care Program in Uganda." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 89, no. 1 (January 2008): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3716.
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In response to the orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, the international child welfare community has agreed on a model that aims to increase the capacity of families and communities. Yet, little is known thus far about the service content and efficacy of programs based on the model. This project examined a community-based program in Uganda that provides support and assistance to families raising orphaned and other vulnerable children. Findings suggest that the households' need in certain categories, such as housing and food security, decreased significantly after services were received. Children's senses of belonging and permanency appeared promising. The program's strengths are discussed with recommended changes, as well as implications for policy, practice, and further research.
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Ssennoga, Francis, Godfrey Mugurusi, and Pros Nagitta Oluka. "Food insecurity as a supply chain problem. Evidence and lessons from the production and supply of bananas in Uganda." Scientific African 3 (May 2019): e00076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00076.
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Uamusse, Miguel, Kamshat Tussupova, Kenneth Persson, and Ronny Berndtsson. "Mini-Grid Hydropower for Rural Electrification in Mozambique: Meeting Local Needs with Supply in a Nexus Approach." Water 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020305.
Full textAbstract:
UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 states that access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy should be provided for all by 2030. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries on earth but has abundant supply of energy resources. The electrification rate, however, has been slow. Rural electrification is hampered by lack of basic infrastructure, institutional barriers, and low ability and willingness to pay for energy services. Thus, there is a general gap between electricity supply and demand. In view of this, the present paper investigates supply and demand of electricity for a typical rural case study area in Mozambique. We suggest a nexus approach to improve water, energy, and food security initiated at a local level. Households in the investigated case study area can be connected to a mini-grid hydropower system that allows for energy production to 80–200 households. To increase the economic profitability of the mini-grid hydropower system we suggest including small-scale industry. For the studied rural village, this would be constituted by a small-scale factory for milling of corn and other cereals. Electricity produced can thus be used for food processing but also for pumping water supply to households for domestic use and small-scale irrigated farming lots. The results indicate that the villagers have a real payment capacity of between 8 and 19 USD per MWh of generated hydropower. Benefits of rural electrification are direct. It contributes to improved living conditions for households and provides better nexus security and sustainable development within healthcare, education, and small-scale business development.
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Msibi, Sunset S., and Gerrit Kornelius. "Potential for domestic biogas as household energy supply in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a1754.
Full textAbstract:
Biogas is a clean and renewable form of energy accessible to low-income households through anaerobic digestion of readily available organic waste. The objectives of this desktop study were to investigate the feasibility of biogas use for substitution of presently used solid fuels in rural and peri-urban households, the subsequent health co-benefits, and the constraints to adoption of domestic biogas technology in South Africa. The energy demand of low-income South African households for cooking with fuelwood was found to be 27 MJ/day and the total energy demand 68 MJ/day. This is equivalent to 2 500 L/day/household of biogas for cooking and 6 250 L/day/household of biogas for complete substitution of conventional domestic fuels. Complete substitution of fuelwood used for cooking and household fuelwood use with biogas can result in the avoidance of 43% and 85.4% respectively of total disability adjusted life-years lost (702 790) and mortalities (22 365) from indoor smoke as a consequence of solid fuel use. Approximately 625 000 households in South Africa can potentially benefit from bio-digester fed with cattle and pig waste, on the basis of livestock numbers. It is infeasible to operate a domestic bio-digester fed solely with human waste, chicken waste and food waste because of insufficient feedstock. Non-sewered households with access to on- and off-site water supply generate sufficient greywater for feeding a domestic bio-digester for cooking purposes. This is, therefore, recommended over the use of drinking water.
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Sulaiman, Ndaula, Sseguya Haroon, and Matsiko Frank. "Social-cognitive factors influencing household decisions to grow orange-fleshed sweet potato in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i1.1.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the role of social-cognitive factors in farmers’ decisions to cultivate orange-fleshed sweetpotato as a food-based approach to alleviating vitamin A deficiency among rural households in Uganda. Cross-sectional survey data collected from 341 randomly selected household level decision-makers drawn from two rural districts in Uganda were analysed using hierarchical regression. Perceived capability and perceived social approval significantly predicted household decisions to grow orange-fleshed sweet potato (p≤0.001). Overall, decision-makers’ subjective norms and control beliefs were found to be significant mediators (p≤0.01) of the orange-fleshed sweet potato acceptance process. These results point to a cardinal role for processes that create supportive social and cognitive environments in promoting the cultivation of bio-fortified technologies such as orange-fleshed sweet potato.Keywords: Orange-fleshed sweet potato, social approval, Uganda