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Journal articles on the topic 'Food supply Papua New Guinea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Crittenden, Robert, Christopher N. Floyd, Roderick D. B. Lefroy, Merle A. Anders, Euclid J. D'Souza, and Deborah Lehman. "Gardening activity, food supply and nutritional status in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 21, no. 1 (April 1988): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1988.9991017.

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2

Crittenden, Robert, and David A. M. Lea. "Geographers and ‘logical’ development practice: the smallholder market access and food supply programme in Papua New Guinea." Applied Geography 12, no. 1 (January 1992): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(92)90025-i.

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3

Korada, Nicholas, Tingneyuc Sekac, Sujoy Kumar Jana, and Dilip Kumar Pal. "Delineating Drought Risk Areas Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems– A Case Study of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.937.

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In the highlands of Papua New Guinea, rain-fed subsistence farming has been the main source of food and small cash earnings for the majority of the rural population. Consequently, as a result of elongated period of drought, reduction in food and water supply bring forth starvation / malnutrition led sickness and death, especially when authorities fail to intervene because inaccessibility and remoteness of the highly dissected terrain, as a result relief and basic services don’t reach the hungry mouth on time. Such conditions were reported recently in many parts of Papua New Guinea especially prevalent in coastal regions and uplands of the highlands region. In this study, GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) technology were employed in highlighting and demarcating potential drought risk zones in Western Highlands Province. Basically, several environmental factors like; soil types, NDVI, rainfall, terrain, population demography and surface temperature were prepared and integrated in GIS environment through multi-criteria evaluation techniques where risk areas were identified. The final output generated from factors integration were then assessed and reclassified to indicate levels of drought risk zones from Low, Medium and High. Hence, several built-up areas where then marked on each risk zones in an attempt to highlight the location, distribution and accessibility in respect to the risk areas identified.

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4

Korada, Nicholas, Tingneyuc Sekac, Sujoy Kumar Jana, and Dilip Kumar Pal. "Delineating Drought Risk Areas Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems– A Case Study of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.10.937.

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In the highlands of Papua New Guinea, rain-fed subsistence farming has been the main source of food and small cash earnings for the majority of the rural population. Consequently, as a result of elongated period of drought, reduction in food and water supply bring forth starvation / malnutrition led sickness and death, especially when authorities fail to intervene because inaccessibility and remoteness of the highly dissected terrain, as a result relief and basic services don’t reach the hungry mouth on time. Such conditions were reported recently in many parts of Papua New Guinea especially prevalent in coastal regions and uplands of the highlands region. In this study, GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) technology were employed in highlighting and demarcating potential drought risk zones in Western Highlands Province. Basically, several environmental factors like; soil types, NDVI, rainfall, terrain, population demography and surface temperature were prepared and integrated in GIS environment through multi-criteria evaluation techniques where risk areas were identified. The final output generated from factors integration were then assessed and reclassified to indicate levels of drought risk zones from Low, Medium and High. Hence, several built-up areas where then marked on each risk zones in an attempt to highlight the location, distribution and accessibility in respect to the risk areas identified.

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5

Anaman, Kwabena A., Terry Walo, and James J. Gitai. "A simulation approach for the economic appraisal of the Smallholder Market Access and Food Supply Project revised phase 1 (1992–1995) in Papua New Guinea." Agricultural Systems 42, no. 4 (January 1993): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(93)90102-8.

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6

Booth, Anne, W. L. Korthals Altes, Wim Doel, Robert Cribb, C. D. Grijns, Kingsley Bolton, David Henley, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 149, no. 2 (1993): 374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003134.

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- Anne Booth, W.L. Korthals Altes, Changing economy in Indonesia, Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute (General trade statistics, 1822-1949; volume 12a). - Wim van den Doel, Robert Cribb, Historical dictionary of Indonesia. Metuchen, N.J., & London: The Scarecrow Press, 1992. - C.D. Grijns, Kingsley Bolton, Sociolinguistics today; International perspectives. London and New York: Routledge, 1992, 383 pp., Helen Kwok (eds.) - David Henley, Ole Bruun, Asian perceptions of nature: Papers presented at a Workshop, NIAS, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 1991. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian studies (Nordic Proceedings in Asian studies No. 3), 1992, 261 pp., Arne Kalland (eds.) - Ward Keeler, Jonathon Falla, True love and Bartholomew: Rebels on the Burmese border. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. - Elsbeth Locher-Scholten, Mary F. Somers Heidhues, Bangka tin and mentok pepper; Chinese settlement on an Indonesian island. Singapore: Institute of South-east Asian studies, 1992, 296 pp. - Marie Alexandrine Martin, Christin Kocher Schmid, Of people and plants. A botanical ethnography of Nokopo village, Madang and Morobe provinces, Papua New Guinea. Ethnologisches Seminar der Universität und Museum für Völkerkunde, Basel, 1991, 336 pp. - J. Noorduyn, Bernhard Dahm, Regions and regional developments in the Malay-Indonesian world: 6 European Colloquium on Indonesian and Malay studies (ECIMS) June 1987 Passau. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz, 1992, x + 221 pp., maps. - J. Noorduyn, J.N. Sneddon, Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics, Part II, NUSA, Linguistic studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, volume 33. Jakarta: Baden Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. 1991, x + 115 pp., maps. - Anton Ploeg, Richard Michael Bourke, Taim hangre: Variation in subsistence food supply in the Papua New Guinea highlands, Unpublished PhD thesis, submitted in the department of human geography, The Australian National University, RSPacS, Canberra, 1988, xxiii + 370 pp., maps, tables, figures, appendices. - Anton Ploeg, Maureen A. MacKenzie, Androgenous objects: String bags and gender in central New Guinea. Chur, Switzerland, Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991, xv + 256 pp., maps, figures, bibliography, index. - Nico G. Schulte Nordholt, Jeremy Kemp, Peasants and cities; Cities and peasants; Rethinking Southeast Asian models, Overveen, ACASEA, 1990, 126 pp. - Rudiger Schumacher, Clara Brakel-Papenhuijzen, The Bedhaya court dances of central Java, Leiden/New York/Köln: Brill, 1992, xvi + 349 pp. - Corry M.I. van der Sluys, Carol Laderman, Taming the wind of desire; Psychology, medicine, and aesthetics in Malay Shamanistic performance. University of California Press, 1991, 382 pp. - J.H.F. Sollewijn Gelpke, Geoffrey Irwin, The prehistoric exploration and colonisation of the Pacific. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1992, viii + 240 pp. - R.G. Tol, Burhan Magenda, East Kalimantan; The decline of a commercial aristocracy. Ithaca, Cornell University (Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, Monograph Series (publication no. 70)), 1991, viii + 113 pp., maps.

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7

Sakellariadou, Fani, Francisco J. Gonzalez, James R. Hein, Blanca Rincón-Tomás, Nikolaos Arvanitidis, and Thomas Kuhn. "Seabed mining and blue growth: exploring the potential of marine mineral deposits as a sustainable source of rare earth elements (MaREEs) (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 94, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2021-0325.

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Abstract The expected growth of the global economy and the projected rise in world population call for a greatly increased supply of materials critical for implementing clean technologies, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and other rare metals. Because the demand for critical metals is increasing and land-based mineral deposits are being depleted, seafloor resources are seen as the next frontier for mineral exploration and extraction. Marine mineral deposits with a great resource potential for transition, rare, and critical metals include mainly deep-sea mineral deposits, such as polymetallic sulfides, polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, phosphorites, and rare earth element-rich muds. Major areas with economic interest for seabed mineral exploration and mining are the following: nodules in the Penrhyn Basin-Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the Clarion–Clipperton nodule Zone, Peru Basin nodules, and the Central Indian Ocean Basin; seafloor massive sulfide deposits in the exclusive economic zones of Papua New Guinea, Japan, and New Zealand as well as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the three Indian Ocean spreading ridges; cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific Prime Crust Zone and the Canary Islands Seamounts and the Rio Grande Rise in the Atlantic Ocean; and the rare earth element-rich deep-sea muds around Minamitorishima Island in the equatorial North Pacific. In addition, zones for marine phosphorites exploration are located in Chatham Rise, offshore Baja California, and on the shelf off Namibia. Moreover, shallow-water resources, like placer deposits, represent another marine source for many critical minerals, metals, and gems. The main concerns of deep-sea mining are related to its environmental impacts. Ecological impacts of rare earth element mining on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly evaluated. Furthermore, marine mining may cause conflicts with various stakeholders such as fisheries, communications cable owners, offshore wind farms, and tourism. The global ocean is an immense source of food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and ecosystem services and suffers seriously by multiple stressors from anthropogenic sources. The development of a blue economy strategy needs a better knowledge of the environmental impacts. By protecting vulnerable areas, applying new technologies for deep-sea mineral exploration and mining, marine spatial planning, and a regulatory framework for minerals extraction, we may achieve sustainable management and use of our oceans.

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8

Ploeg, Anton. "Food imports into Papua New Guinea." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 141, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003387.

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9

Bampton, Alvin. "Teaching computer science in Papua New Guinea." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 30, no. 3 (September 1998): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/290320.283004.

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10

GREENHILL, A. R., W. A. SHIPTON, A. D. OMOLOSO, B. AMOA, and J. M. WARNER. "Bacterial Contamination of Sago Starch in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 2868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2868.

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Sago starch is an important food in lowland Papua New Guinea. Extraction of the starch from the palm and storage were performed by way of traditional methods that have been used for thousands of years. Currently, very little is known about the microbiology of sago starch. Sago samples were collected from areas of high starch utilization and analyzed for the presence of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms. Storage methods and duration were recorded at the time of collection, and pH and water activity on arrival at the laboratory. Sago starch was found to harbor high levels of fecal contamination, as well as various food pathogens including Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Clostridium perfringens was only present infrequently in samples and in very low numbers, while Listeria monocytogenes was not isolated from sago starch. The presence of high levels of fecal contamination in sago starch is of particular concern, and may contribute to diarrheal disease in rural Papua New Guinea.

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11

Sexton, Lorraine. "“Eating” money in highland Papua New Guinea." Food and Foodways 3, no. 1-2 (November 1988): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07409710.1988.9961940.

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12

Sopade, P. A., and K. Kiaka. "Rheology and microstructure of sago starch from Papua New Guinea." Journal of Food Engineering 50, no. 1 (October 2001): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(00)00194-1.

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13

Mond, Casparia, Trevor Duke, and John Vince. "Epilepsy in Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 10 (July 19, 2019): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317217.

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Epilepsy affects up to 1-4% of children living in low income and middle countries, however there are few studies of the problems faced by children with epilepsy in such settings. We aimed to document the situation for children with epilepsy in Port Moresby, an urban area in Papua New Guinea, a low-middle income country in the Western Pacific region. We conducted longitudinal cohort study using mixed methods, with serial data collected over 2 years which assessed seizure control, neurodevelopment, and structured interviews with children and parents. For quantitative data descriptive statistics are reported; for qualitative data common responses, themes, experiences and perceptions were grouped and reported in narrative. Forty-seven children with epilepsy were followed for a median of 18 months. Twenty six (55%) children had some associated neurodevelopmental disability. Children gave detailed and vivid descriptions of their experience of seizures. Most children and parents had a positive view of the future but faced many challenges including financial difficulties, fear of having seizures especially at school, restriction of activity that isolated them from peers, and significant stigma and discrimination. Seizure control improved over time for some children, but inconsistent supply of phenobarbitone hindered better control. Comprehensive care for children with epilepsy requires a good knowledge of the individual patient —including their seizure type and comorbidities, their family, and their strengths and vulnerabilities. Children with epilepsy face many problems that can lead to isolation, discrimination and restricted opportunities.

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14

Renton, J. F. A., J. H. S. Black, and A. M. Grainge. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIDES GASFIELD, PAPUA NEW GUINEA." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89014.

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The Hides gasfield was discovered by BP, and its Joint Venture Partner Oil Search Ltd, in Petroleum Prospecting Licence No.27 in Southern Highlands Province in late 1987 by the exploration well Hides-1. The well tested gas at rates of up to 15.9 mmscf/d with small volumes of associated condensate from four separate intervals within the Toro Sandstone.Negotiations with Placer Dome, a Vancouver-based mining company, led to an agreement to sell gas to supply electrical power for the Porgera gold mine in Enga Province 70 km North East from Hides. Approximately 10 mmscf/d of gas will be produced from two wells, one being the original Hides-1 discovery well, via an 8 km pipeline, to a gas processing plant in the nearby Tagari valley. The processed gas will be fed to turbines to generate approximately 42 M W of electrical power which will be fed to the Porgera mine by overhead transmission lines.BP has undertaken technical studies relating to the feasibility of producing the gas from Hides. In association with the technical work BP has also undertaken an environmental study of the impact of development and has embarked upon a survey of various local and land-related issues. It is anticipated that construction operations will start in early 1990, leading to first gas production in mid-1991, only 3½ years after the discovery. The Hides gasfield development will constitute the first commercial hydrocarbon production in PNG.

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15

Greenhill, A. R., W. A. Shipton, B. J. Blaney, and J. M. Warner. "Fungal colonization of sago starch in Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Food Microbiology 119, no. 3 (November 2007): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.08.007.

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16

Lemerle, C., and J. H. G. Holmes. "Sodium deficiency of grazing cattle in Papua New Guinea." Tropical Animal Health and Production 18, no. 3 (September 1986): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02359529.

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17

Holmes, J. H. G., L. A. Edye, Jayne Potter, and Elizabeth Walton. "Mineral status of beef cattle in Papua New Guinea." Tropical Animal Health and Production 18, no. 1 (March 1986): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02359655.

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18

Militz, Thane A., Jeff Kinch, and Paul C. Southgate. "Aquarium Trade Supply-Chain Losses of Marine Invertebrates Originating from Papua New Guinea." Environmental Management 61, no. 4 (February 14, 2018): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1006-9.

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19

Yoshinaga, Jun, Tsuguyoshi Suzuki, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Toshio Kawabe, Tetsuro Hongo, Hideki Imai, Tsukasa Inaoka, and Tomoya Akimichi. "Dietary selenium intake of the Gidra, Papua New Guinea." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 26, no. 1 (July 1991): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1991.9991186.

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20

Mueller, I., P. Vounatsou, T. Smith, and B. J. Allen. "Subsistence agriculture and child growth in Papua New Guinea." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 40, no. 4 (July 2001): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2001.9991659.

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21

Greenhill, A. R., W. A. Shipton, B. J. Blaney, I. J. Brock, A. Kupz, and J. M. Warner. "Spontaneous fermentation of traditional sago starch in Papua New Guinea." Food Microbiology 26, no. 2 (April 2009): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.10.004.

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22

Ollivier, Jean, W. Akus, L. Beaudoin-ollivier, X. Bonneau, and T. Kakul. "Replanting/underplanting strategy for old coconut plantations in Papua New Guinea." Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides 8, no. 6 (November 2001): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2001.0659.

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23

Schneider, Katharina. "Matrilineal Kinship at Sea in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." Jurnal Humaniora 30, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.39083.

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This paper explores matrilineal kinship in the Buka area, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, from the perspective of saltwater people on Pororan Island. In Bougainville and elsewhere in Melanesia, anthropological research has highlighted the importance of joint work in the gardens, of sharing and exchanging garden food, and of negotiations of access to land for kinship and relatedness in the region. Where does this leave saltwater people, who often have only small areas of land of their own, take little interest in gardening and depend on traded sweet potatoes or imported rice for meeting their subsistence needs? In the first part of this paper, I indicate “landed” bias in anthropological research on kinship, including matrilineal kinship. I then suggest complementary descriptive and analytic terms that may be useful for researchers who want to understand kin relations among saltwater people, based on my experiences among Pororan Islanders in Bougainville. Finally, I indicate the theoretical contribution that these terms can make to research on kinship in landed settings, as well.

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24

Schneider, Katharina. "Matrilineal Kinship at Sea in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." Jurnal Humaniora 30, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v30i3.39083.

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This paper explores matrilineal kinship in the Buka area, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, from the perspective of saltwater people on Pororan Island. In Bougainville and elsewhere in Melanesia, anthropological research has highlighted the importance of joint work in the gardens, of sharing and exchanging garden food, and of negotiations of access to land for kinship and relatedness in the region. Where does this leave saltwater people, who often have only small areas of land of their own, take little interest in gardening and depend on traded sweet potatoes or imported rice for meeting their subsistence needs? In the first part of this paper, I indicate “landed” bias in anthropological research on kinship, including matrilineal kinship. I then suggest complementary descriptive and analytic terms that may be useful for researchers who want to understand kin relations among saltwater people, based on my experiences among Pororan Islanders in Bougainville. Finally, I indicate the theoretical contribution that these terms can make to research on kinship in landed settings, as well.

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25

Uppal, A. H., and K. K. Komuna. "Bio-mass stimulated absorption refrigerator for food storage in Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Ambient Energy 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1992.9675546.

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26

Bein, F. L. (Rick), John Wagner, and Jeffery Wilson. "Food Garden Capacity and Population Growth: A Case in Papua New Guinea." Focus on Geography 50, no. 2 (September 2007): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8535.2007.tb00194.x.

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27

KUCHIKURA, YUKIO. "Mehtods and Problems of Food Consumption Surveys in Papua New Guinea Populations." Anthropological Science 102, no. 1 (1994): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.102.23.

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28

Donovan, U., R. S. Gibson, E. L. Ferguson, S. Ounpuu, and P. Heywood. "The selenium content of staple foods from Malawi and Papua New Guinea." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 4, no. 4 (December 1991): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-1575(91)90019-3.

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29

Kawabe, T., R. Ohtsuka, T. Inaoka, T. Akimichi, and T. Suzuki. "Visual acuity of the Gidra in lowland Papua New Guinea." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, no. 3 (July 1985): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015832.

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SummaryVisual acuity was tested and the anterior portion of the eye inspected among the Gidra in Lowland Papua New Guinea, who depend on hunting for their animal food. The visual acuity of the youths and adults was as high as that of hunters and gatherers; 88% of the males and 81% of the females had an acuity of 1·2 or better. The elders had far lower acuity, correlated with the advance of cataract (or corneal opacity). The senescent visual acuity is discussed in relation to little practice and low productivity of the elders' hunting, and to the Gidra traditional age-grade system.

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30

N'Dower, Fiona, Gianna Moscardo, and Laurie Murphy. ""Tourism Brings Good Things": Tourism and Community Development in Rural Papua New Guinea." Tourism Review International 25, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427221x16098837279985.

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Many governments and NGOs have argued for using tourism, especially community-based tourism (CBT), as a development tool. While this tourism option is often described as more sustainable in terms of contributions to destination community well-being, there is only a limited understanding of the processes that actually underpin CBT and its outcomes in peripheral destinations. This article argues that one reason for this limited understanding is that research into CBT has typically been conducted from a Western perspective with little consideration given to historical and political contexts of colonization and disempowerment. This article reports on a research study that used an alternative, culturally appropriate research methodology with 12 rural PNG villages that had self-initiated CBT ventures and that specifically sought to give these village communities a voice in understanding how CBT can be developed to be one part of larger sustainable community development processes. Major findings included: a positive view of tourism as an additional source of income that fitted well with existing sustainable livelihoods; strong connection between development decisions and the core Melanesian values of clan identity, leadership, and support from elders, community cooperation and reciprocity in the successful maintenance of tourism activities; the need to manage the entire supply chain and not be limited by the actions and power of external tourism operators and agents; the need for education and training in many aspects of tourism to enhance entrepreneurial approaches and greater returns from the supply chain; and the challenge of gender issues.

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31

Spark, Ceridwen. "‘Food is life’: Documenting the politics of food in Melanesia." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 2 (October 31, 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i2.119.

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In this article, I discuss two recent examples of women’s filmmaking in Melanesia. The documentaries are Tanah Mama (2014), focused on West Papua and Café Niugini (2015), set in Papua New Guinea. Both films explore and represent food in profoundly different ways. Here, I consider their respective depictions of food, demonstrating that Tanah Mama represents food as sustenance while Café Niugini renders food as ‘cuisine’ through the ‘creative performance’ of cookery. Nevertheless, and as I argue, both documentaries reflect the filmmakers’ interest in representing issues associated with food in the Pacific, including the importance of Indigenous access to land, population management, gender roles and the impact of changing cultural values on food consumption and health.

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32

CINNER, J. E., and T. R. McCLANAHAN. "Socioeconomic factors that lead to overfishing in small-scale coral reef fisheries of Papua New Guinea." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 1 (March 2006): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002748.

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The coral reefs of Papua New Guinea are among the most species diverse in the world, support an important artisanal fishery, but lack an effective national conservation programme. Increased commercialization, population growth, promotion of fisheries development projects, and the live reef food fish trade are expected to increase demand for the country's reef fish. This paper examines how socioeconomic factors affect the condition of the artisanal multi-species coral reef fishery in six sites in Papua New Guinea. Catch characteristics such as diversity, trophic level and body size by landing site were examined along a fishing pressure gradient. Both exogenous factors such as markets and endogenous factors such as fishing pressure were related to the condition of fish catch. In general, the trophic level and lengths of fish captured in Papua New Guinea were relatively high, but were reduced on reefs with high fishing effort near fish markets. Fisheries showed signs of depletion above c. 25 fishing trips per km2 per day and the proximity of markets was a better indicator of overfishing than human population size. A cross-scale approach to fisheries management is required in Papua New Guinea to coordinate decentralized local management, limit the intrusion of extractive enterprises, and develop policies that seek to minimize exogenous pressures on marine resources.

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33

Ikupu, Andrew, and Anne Glover. "Papua New Guinea Elementary Teacher Education: Mixed Mode Teacher Training for 16 000 Village Teachers." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 27, no. 2 (June 2002): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910202700208.

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Ensuring a suitable supply of teachers in a climate of major structural and curriculum reform is not an easy task. It is even more difficult when a teacher education program is being developed simultaneously with the implementation of a new education program. Add to this the challenge of empowering communities to become active contributors in curriculum development and teacher education activities. This paper describes a model of teacher education developed in Papua New Guinea to meet these challenges. It is a cost-effective model which provides an immediate supply of teachers and involves communities in the process. The paper highlights contextual aspects of the teacher education curriculum, assessment processes and facilitation of training activities. The content of the paper is organised into four sections. Presented in the first section, as a background to the paper, is a brief history of Papua New Guinea's education system. This is followed by a description of the Education Reform (including the new Elementary Education Program), as a backdrop to a discussion on the Elementary Teacher Education Program in the third section. Some emergent issues are presented as challenges in the fourth section.

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34

Bowles, Karl C., Simon C. Apte, William A. Maher, Matthew Kawei, and Ross Smith. "Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in Lake Murray, Papua New Guinea." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-042.

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The bioaccumulation of mercury in the food webs incorporating the major piscivorous fish species of Lake Murray, Papua New Guinea, has been characterised. Methylmercury concentrations increased with trophic level and the proportion of total mercury present as methylmercury increased from <1% in plants to 94% in piscivorous fish. Methylmercury bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were similar to those found in temperate environments, with a typical increase of 1 log unit between planktivore and piscivore trophic levels. The greatest bioaccumulation of methylmercury occurred between seston and the water column (log BAF of 5.36). The bioaccumulation of mercury to levels of regulatory concern by the lake's piscivores was attributable to the biomagnification power of the plankton-based food chain comprising four trophic levels (phytoplankton, zooplankton, planktivore, piscivore) rather than any elevated concentrations of mercury in waters or sediments. The methylmercury concentrations of individual piscivores were positively correlated with both trophic position, as indicated by δ15N measurements, and fish size. Stable-isotope measurements were used to identify fish species where dietary changes occurring with age significantly augmented age-related bioaccumulation of mercury.

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DE Irving, SM Newman and I Ramita. "Sweetpotato varieties for the Papua New Guinea highlands – a postharvest perspective." Stewart Postharvest Review 7, no. 2 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2011.2.1.

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36

Bonnemère, Pascale. "Harriet Whitehead, Food Rules. Hunting, Sharing, and Tabooing Game in Papua New Guinea." L'Homme, no. 177-178 (June 1, 2006): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lhomme.2324.

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37

Filer, Colin. "Harvesting Development: The Construction of Fresh Food Markets in Papua New Guinea (review)." Contemporary Pacific 16, no. 1 (2004): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2004.0010.

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Koczberski, Gina, George N. Curry, and Veronica Bue. "Oil palm, food security and adaptation among smallholder households in Papua New Guinea." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 53, no. 3 (December 2012): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8373.2012.01491.x.

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Scaglion, Richard. "Sago: A Disparaged but Essential Food of the Abelam of Papua New Guinea." Food, Culture & Society 20, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2017.1305825.

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40

Bourke, R. Michael. "Food, coffee and casuarina: an agroforestry system from the Papua New Guinea highlands." Agroforestry Systems 2, no. 4 (December 1985): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00147038.

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41

Ohtsuka, Ryutaro. "Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 3 (July 1994): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021477.

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SummaryThis article examines the mechanisms of subsistence adaptation of two Papua New Guinea populations, the Metroxylon sago-depending lowland Gidra and the taro-monoculture Mountain Ok, surviving in low population densities of 0·5 and 1·4 persons per km2. Observation of the groups' land use systems strongly suggests that their population densities have not been far below the carrying capacity, although the territory of each population is markedly heterogeneous. Both groups have maintained their sustainable food production not only for resource management but also for survival at a population level, either expanding their territory or changing the sustainable level in tandem with changes of subsistence system.

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Pollock, Nancy J. "Food Rules: Hunting, Sharing, and Tabooing Game in Papua New Guinea:Food Rules: Hunting, Sharing, and Tabooing Game in Papua New Guinea." American Anthropologist 104, no. 1 (March 2002): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.388.

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43

Moase, Olive M., Modi Pontio, and Collins O. Airhihenbuwa. "Nutritional Assessment of Primary School Children in Papua New Guinea: Implications for Community Health." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 8, no. 2 (July 1987): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qw8d-9aee-9lqc-e997.

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The nutritional status of primary school children ( N = 1453) was assessed using weight-for-height (W/H) and twenty-four hour food recall records. Using WHO standards, 21 percent of the students were within the standard W/H. Of the remainder, 71 percent were within 5 kg. of standard W/H, and 8 percent deviated more than 5 kg. from the standard W/H (5% underweight and 3% overweight). The dietary data collected from Grades 5 and 6 ( N = 425) revealed a daily food intake of 1.6, 2.8, and 7.7 servings of protein, protective, and energy foods, respectively, as recorded in local servings. Sixty-five percent of the subjects consumed foods from all three food groups. Twenty-four percent consumed no protein, 14 percent consumed no protective food, and 2 percent consumed neither protein nor protective food. The variety of foods available varied from school to school-3-11 protein foods, 7–15 energy foods, and 8–18 protective foods. To improve nutritional status, government leadership in the areas of education, health, and primary industry will be required. All divisions adhere to the National Food and Nutrition Policy which promotes local rather than imported food.

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High, Simon. "Delivering upstream gas developments in Papua New Guinea—challenges and lessons learned." APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09086.

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PNG is a unique environment and culture that presents some intriguing risks and challenges in project delivery. Clough has delivered 68 projects in PNG over the past 26 years and is recognised as one of the most experienced contractors in the region. The company has been involved in all major PNG upstream gas developments including Hides, Kutubu, Moran and Gobe. Clough is currently delivering the upstream infrastructure for ExxonMobil’s US$11 billion PNG LNG project. This paper will use case studies from Clough’s 26-years of experience in PNG to review the key challenges and define strategies used to overcome these challenges in order to deliver PNG’s largest ever resource project. Key challenges include: Logistics—most of the gas reserves in PNG are difficult to access and located at very high elevations. For example, the Hides wellpads for PNG LNG are located approximately 2,700 m above sea level and accessed by a rough and dangerous road. Security—overcoming security risks including community unrest and the existence of armed bandits on key supply routes.Landowner issues—how to work with PNG’s local communities to ensure they are happy with project outcomes to reduce landowner issues. Training local labour—equipping the local workforce with the skills required to deliver the project to Australian standards, which provides life changing skills for the local community. Key to Clough’s continued success in PNG has been its ability to effectively capture lessons learned on all completed projects and apply this knowledge to improve future project outcomes. Critical lessons will be communicated during this presentation.

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Duarte, Fernanda de Paiva, and Benedict Young Imbun. "Food security in Papua New Guinea: the need to go beyond “business case CSR”." Social Responsibility Journal 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-09-2015-0129.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to canvass the views of villagers from a remote region of Papua New Guinea (PNG) on food security issues in their community and their level of satisfaction with food security initiatives provided by the extractive company that operated on their land. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative design: data gathered through 14 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and a discussion forum with 20 villagers from Pawa. Purposive sampling. Snow-balling method of recruitment. Findings Food security was identified as a growing concern among the villagers, who also expressed dissatisfaction with the food security projects offered through the corporate social responsibility (CSR) program offered by the company operating on their land. Communication problems between company and community and lack of trust were evident. Research limitations/implications Possibility of self-selection bias among participants. The perspective of the company was under-represented. Practical implications The study highlights the need for CSR practitioners to be mindful of the importance of effective communication with local communities. Social Implications The study reveals the importance of meaningful dialogue between company and host communities, which can lead to a more efficient allocation of resources and empowerment of host communities. Originality/value The study bridges a research gap in the field of CSR in developing countries because food security, as a CSR issue in PNG communities, is under-researched. The study contributes to a better understanding of company –community relations in PNG and how these relations can be improved through a more normative approach to CSR. It also highlights the importance of empowering host communities through meaningful dialogue.

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Cobon, David H., Maureen Ewai, Kasis Inape, and R. Michael Bourke. "Food shortages are associated with droughts, floods, frosts and ENSO in Papua New Guinea." Agricultural Systems 145 (June 2016): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.02.012.

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OHTSUKA, RYUTARO. "Carrying Capacity and Sustainable Food Production: The Facts and Prospects from Papua New Guinea." Anthropological Science 103, no. 4 (1995): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.103.311.

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MacCarthy, Michelle. "Playing Politics with Yams: Food Security in the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea." Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 34, no. 2 (December 2012): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-9561.2012.01073.x.

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Ulijaszek, Stanley J., David C. Hyndman, John A. Lourie, and Andrew Pumuye. "Mining, modernisation and dietary change among the Wopkaimin of Papua New Guinea." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 20, no. 2 (September 1987): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1987.9990994.

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Grossman, Lawrence S. "Diet, income, and subsistence in an eastern highland village, Papua New Guinea." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 26, no. 3 (October 1991): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1991.9991205.

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