Journal articles: 'Food supply – South Sudan'

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Apdita, Frema, and Yayuk Farida Baliwati. "KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KOTA PAGARALAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2001—2010." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 7, no. 2 (June 21, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2012.7.2.57-64.

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ABSTRACTThis study aim to analyze the food resouces in Pagaralam District, South Sumatera Province in 2001—2010. The study design was retrospective with secondary data analysis covering policies, budgeting, food production, exports, imports and number of population. Data processing included analysis for production, exports, imports, food availability and food suffiency by trend, line, ratio availability and ratio of imports. Food availability policy and food availability budgeting were analyzed using content analysis. The results indicate increasing of production on some commodities but supply doesn’t fulfill the demand. Food availability increases and energy adequacy has already reached the Minimum Services Standard (90%), but not for intake protein. Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score is still below 90. The food availability policy and budget do not support the General Policy for Food Security 2006—2010 and still focused on water resources management.Key words: energy and protein adequacy, food availabilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sumberdaya pangan di Kota Pagaralam Provinsi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2001—2010. Data sekunder terdiri dari kebijakan anggaran, produksi pangan, ekspor dan impor pangan serta jumlah penduduk. Desain penelitian ini adalah retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder. Pengolahan data dimulai dengan menganalisis produksi, ekspor dan impor, ketersediaan pangan dan kecukupan pangan menggunakan analisis tren, analisis garis, analisis rasio ketersediaan dan analisis rasio impor. Kebijakan dan anggaran ketersediaan pangan dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi. Peningkatan produksi beberapa komoditi namun produksi belum mencukupi kebutuhan. Ketersediaan pangan mengalami peningkatan dan kecukupan energi sudah mencapai SPM (90%), akan tetapi kecukupan protein masih defisit. Skor PPH masih di bawah 90. Kebijakan dan anggaran belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Kebijakan Umum Ketahanan Pangan (KUKP) 2006—2010 dan masih terfokus pada sektor pengelolaan sumberdaya air.Kata kunci: kecukupan energi dan protein, ketersediaan pangan

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Darius, Christopher, and Lina Purnama. "PERTANIAN VERTIKAL DI ARJUNA UTARA." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4570.

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Millennial are an innovative generation both in terms of technology and in solving problems. This generation has its views both on the way the world works and its impact on the environment. In terms of food availability and quality, Millennial are very concerned about their food. This generation of "foodies" prefers organic foods whose sources are guaranteed, given a large amount of environmental pollution and excessive use of pesticides. Millennials in Jakarta are competing to find innovatives solution to fix this problem, agriculture in the city began to emerge in the form of hydroponics. This is also done to improve the problem of Jakarta food distribution system that has been outdated, where all food is produced from the suburban areas and distributed to markets in Jakarta. The vertical farming system is a system that can be said to be new in Jakarta. This system can supply all parts of Jakarta in the form of a "decentralized" system in which each area has its own vertical farming which will supply food. Arjuna Utara is a road in the Duri Kepa area which is a border area between West and South Jakarta where this area does not have any formal market. The informal market that stands in the patra area is a less organized area. This site has an existing conventional farm where the land is cultivated as a vegetable garden. In this project the building has 8 floors, 4 of which are using aeroponic systems. The rest are in the form of public spaces and eating places that can become a new center of crowd on North Arjuna Road. AbstrakMilenial merupakan generasi yang inovatif baik dari segi teknologi maupun dalam memecahkan masalah. Generasi ini memiliki pandangannya sendiri baik terhadap cara dunia bekerja dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan. Dalam hal ketersediaan dan kualitas pangan, milenial sangat memperhatikan makanan mereka. Generasi “foodies” ini lebih memilih makanan organik dan makanan yang sumbernya terjamin, mengingat banyaknya pencemaran lingkungan dan penggunaan pestisida secara berlebihan. Para milenial di Jakarta berlomba-lomba mencari inovasi untuk memperbaiki masalah ini, pertanian di dalam kota mulai bermunculan dalam rupa hidroponik. Hal ini sekaligus dilakukan untuk memperbaiki masalah sistem distribusi pangan Jakarta yang sudah tertinggal, di mana semua pangan dihasilkan dari daerah terluar Jakarta dan didistribusikan ke pasar-pasar di Jakarta. Sistem pertanian vertikal adalah sebuah sistem yang dapat dikatakan baru di Jakarta. Sistem ini dapat menyuplai seluruh bagian Jakarta dalam bentuk sistem desentralisasi yang masing-masing wilayah memiliki pertanian vertikalnya yang akan menyuplai makanan sendiri. Arjuna utara merupakan sebuah jalan di wilayah Duri Kepa yang merupakan area perbatasan antara Jakarta Barat dan Selatan di mana area ini belum memiliki pasar formalnya sendiri. Pasar informal yang berdiri berada di area patra di mana merupakan area yang kurang tertata. Tapak ini memiliki existing pertanian konvensional di mana tanah digarap sebagai kebun sayuran. Dalam proyek ini bangunan memiliki 8 lantai yang 4 diantaranya merupakan area pertanian bersistem Aeroponik dan sisanya berupa ruang publik dan tempat makan yang dapat menjadi pusat keramaian baru di jalan Arjuna Utara.

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Kaler, Amy, and John R. Parkins. "Food, Donors, and Dependency Syndrome(s) in South Sudan." Sociology of Development 1, no. 3 (2015): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2015.1.3.400.

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This article investigates the deployment of dependency as a keyword in discussions of food security in South Sudan, on the basis of interviews and observations carried out in December 2012. Our initial intent was to estimate challenges to rural food security as the country emerged from decades of violent conflict. However, the notion of a “culture of dependency” arose persistently from our data, alongside more conventional information about food. We contextualize this discursive deployment of dependency within ongoing scholarly debates about the existence of “dependency syndromes” in humanitarian relief operations in central Africa and within academic discussions of the power of buzzwords and keywords in development discourse, with particular reference to Swidler and Watkins's 2009 article “‘Teach a Man to Fish’: The Doctrine of Sustainability and Its Effects on Three Strata of Malawian Society.” We argue that dependency in the South Sudanese context incorporates four facets: the near-total economic dependency of South Sudan on oil revenues; the social-structural dependency of rural communities on international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) for basic foodstuffs; a so-called “culture of dependency” that our informants claimed had taken root in rural areas, so that local people had lost old habits of autonomy and self-reliance; and the reliance of INGOs on the populations they serve. We do not empirically validate these “dependencies” but treat them as discursive constructs with potentially major implications for rural development.

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Both, Wuor Chuol. "Effect of Foreign Exchange Reserves and Money Supply on Exchange Rate in South Sudan." East African Journal of Business and Economics 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.3.1.353.

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Since the establishment of the Central Bank of South Sudan in 2011, monetary policymakers have been changing their policy instruments over the years in an attempt to stabilise the country’s economy. This study investigated the effect of foreign exchange reserves and money supply on the exchange rate in South Sudan over the period 2012 to 2019. Empirical studies of the effect of foreign exchange reserves and money supply on the exchange rate are reviewed in both developed and developing countries. Annual data from the World Bank Economy Statistics Database was analysed using an advanced pivot table. The findings of this study indicate that a decrease in foreign exchange reserves causes a depreciation in the exchange rate. The results also confirm that an increase in money supply causes depreciation in the exchange rate. The findings are in line with the findings of all the empirical studies that are reviewed in this paper.

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Jacob, K. Lupai. "The right to food as a human right in South Sudan." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijsa2018.0754.

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Tappis, Hannah, Shannon Doocy, Amy Paul, and Sonya Funna. "Food security and development in South Sudan: a call to action." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 9 (March 21, 2013): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000669.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine household food insecurity and coping mechanisms in two relatively politically stable states of South Sudan.DesignCross-sectional assessment including structured interviews and focus group discussions with food aid programme beneficiaries and staff. Structured interview findings were analysed with descriptive statistics using the statistical software package STATA version 11.SettingRural households in four payams (sub-county administrative districts) benefiting from a multi-year assistance programme funded by the US Agency for International Development. The study was conducted in January 2012, six months after independence.SubjectsStudy subjects included eighty mothers of children aged 6–23 months in structured interviews and eight focus groups, each with six to ten participants, of mothers of children aged 6–23 months.ResultsNinety-three per cent of households surveyed in Warrap and 100 % of households in Northern Bahr el Ghazal states were severely food access insecure. Nearly all households (97·5 %) surveyed in both states reported there were months in 2011 without enough food to eat. The majority of households (88 %) reported sometimes or often going to bed hungry in the month preceding the study. A number of coping mechanisms were used when households did not have enough food, including reduced meal size, skipping meals, selling assets and engaging in some kind business in order to generate money to buy food.ConclusionsGiven the highly volatile political, economic and humanitarian situation in South Sudan, the priorities of the international community are understandably focused on securing greater stability in South Sudan and preventing humanitarian needs from escalating significantly. There is a need, however, for simultaneous emphasis on food assistance and longer-term development strategies throughout South Sudan, particularly in areas of agriculture, livelihoods and food security.

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Lokosang, L. B., S. Ramroop, and T. Zewotir. "Indexing household resilience to food insecurity shocks: The case of South Sudan." Agrekon 53, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2014.915486.

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Noomhorm, Athapol, and Imran Ahmad. "Food Supply Chain Management and Food Safety: South & East-Asia Scenario." Agricultural Information Research 17, no. 4 (2008): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3173/air.17.131.

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Mohamed-Ahmed, M. M., A. H. Rahman, and E. I. Abdel Karim. "Multiple drug-resistant bovine trypanosomes in South Darfur Province, Sudan." Tropical Animal Health and Production 24, no. 3 (September 1992): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02359614.

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Arnold, Matthew B., and Chris Alden. "‘This gun is our food’: Disarming the White Army militias of South Sudan." Conflict, Security & Development 7, no. 3 (October 2007): 361–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678800701556529.

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Dorosh, Paul A., Shahidur Rashid, and Joanna van Asselt. "Enhancing food security in South Sudan: the role of markets and regional trade." Agricultural Economics 47, no. 6 (August 14, 2016): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12266.

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Lasagna, Manuela, Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto, Laura Debernardi, Domenico Antonio De Luca, Carlo Semita, and Chiara Caselle. "Groundwater Resources Assessment for Sustainable Development in South Sudan." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 5580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145580.

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The economic activities of South Sudan (East-Central Africa) are predominantly agricultural. However, food insecurity due to low agricultural production, connected with weather conditions and lack of water infrastructure and knowledge, is a huge problem. This study reports the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation of underground and surface water in the area of Gumbo (east of Juba town) that aims to assure sustainable water management, reducing diseases and mortality and guaranteeing access to irrigation and drinking water. The results of the study demonstrate the peculiarity of surface and groundwater and the critical aspects to take into account for the water use, particularly due to the exceeding of limits suggested by the WHO and national regulation. The outcomes provide a contribution to the scientific overview on lithostratigraphic, hydrochemical and hydrogeological setting of a less-studied area, characterized by sociopolitical instability and water scarcity. This represents a first step for the improvement of water knowledge and management, for sustainable economic development and for social progress in this African region.

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Manyuat, Adut Jervase, Kashi Carasso, and Mulatedzi Makhado. "Assessment of Storage and Inventory Practices to Improve Medicine Supply Chain in Jubek State South Sudan." Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v4i2.9.

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BackgroundIn order to deliver quality health services, safe, effective, affordable and quality medicines are needed. Inappropriate storage conditions, poor infrastructure and poor medicine management practices may lead to poor medicines quality, stock damage and expiration.ObjectiveAssess storage and inventory practices to improve the medicine supply chain in South Sudan.MethodologyThe study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population comprised 12 Health Centers in Juba where inventory management was practiced. Both questionnaire‐guided interviews for staff self‐assessment, and observer assessment were used by the researcher. With regard to storage and inventory management, the researcher collected data on the condition of storerooms with regards to availability of enough storage space, availability of enough storage equipment, and temperature conditions of the medicines stores, among others.ResultsThe study found that store and inventory management practices varied widely in the different health facilities. Hospitals and central medical stores exhibited good or average inventory and storeroom management practices, respectively. The two hospitals and medical stores scored 100% in the elements in the assessment of storerooms and stock management. Some primary health care centers exhibited good inventory and store room management practice, whilst others were rated as average or poor. Most of the elements assessed scored 37% in storeroom assessment while elements assessed for inventory management scored less than 75%. There was great similarity between the observation assessment and the self-assessment.ConclusionIn conclusion, store and inventory management practices and knowledge of the respondents varied in the different health facilities. Hospitals and central medical stores exhibited good, average and poor inventory and storeroom management practices assessed through self-assessment and observation assessment by the researcher. There was a great similarity between the observation assessment and the self-assessment. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(2): 310-320

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Sassi, Maria. "Coping Strategies of Food Insecure Households in Conflict Areas: The Case of South Sudan." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158615.

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The surge in acute food insecurity due to conflict calls for sound evidence-based policymaking. Unfortunately, the knowledge on behaviours of households when they face a food shortage in these situations is under-reported in the literature. Our paper contributes to the covering of this gap by presenting the food consumption and livelihood-based coping mechanisms used by households in Western Bahr el Ghazal in South Sudan, distinguishing between rural areas and the Wau Protection of Civilian camp. We used a descriptive research design and unique primary data collected by the submission of a survey to a sample of 838 households from July–August 2020. In the alarming hunger situation in the investigated areas, households deeply use coping mechanisms independently of their food security status. The majority of them are at the breakdown of their coping ability. The behaviours used by households indicate a wider social catastrophe that the long-term consequences of these mechanisms can further accentuate. Food assistance resulted in a relatively better situation in the Wau Protection of Civilian camp. The paper confirms the centrality of a humanitarian-development-peace approach to food security in the investigated area, where the support of livelihood strategies and opportunities for households and the promotion of sound institutions have paramount roles.

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Robinson, Jonathan. "Useful wild tree resources of southern Sudan: a review." Plant Genetic Resources 4, no. 3 (December 2006): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr2006122.

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AbstractSouthern Sudan has a rich tree flora. Trees are important in the livelihoods of the numerous tribes of the region, who use them for shelter, fuel, food, fodder, medicine and income generation. The gallery and depression forests contain valuable timber trees. Other species provide non-timber forest products that are potentially tradable outside Sudan, particularly in African countries that have over-exploited their own forest resources. As the carrying capacity of the western and central areas of Sudan decreases, the pressure on the natural resources of the higher rainfall southern areas will increase. This in itself might initiate conflict, as various tribes compete over a relatively rich resource base. The recent peace established between the north and south could result in depletion of the forest resources of the south through commercial exploitation. This paper details and discusses the wild tree resources of southern Sudan, including many already threatened species.

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Roach, Emma Lauren, and Mohammad Al-Saidi. "Rethinking infrastructure rehabilitation: Conflict resilience of urban water and energy supply in the Middle East and South Sudan." Energy Research & Social Science 76 (June 2021): 102052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102052.

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Carson, Scott Alan. "Hog Meat and Hoecake: Food Supply in the Old South, 1840–1860." Social Science Journal 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2014.09.012.

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Marks, Robert B. "Rice Prices, Food Supply, and Market Structure in Eighteenth-Century South China." Late Imperial China 12, no. 2 (1991): 64–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.1991.0001.

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Escobar-López, Sttefanie Yenitza, Santiago Amaya-Corchuelo, and Angélica Espinoza-Ortega. "Alternative Food Networks: Perceptions in Short Food Supply Chains in Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052578.

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Alternative spaces for the consumption of non-conventional foods as short commercialization chains have been increased worldwide, as well as the interest in understanding the dynamics developed in those initiatives from a social approach, has increased. This work aimed to analyze the Organizers, Producers and Consumers’ perceptions that participate in short food supply chains in ecological markets in the south of Spain. The Conventions Theory framework was used by applying a quantitative and qualitative methodology. A total of 159 questionnaires were applied (three to Organizers, 15 to Producers and 177 to Consumers). The questionnaire considered items related to social conventions for seven worlds (Domestic, Civic, Market, Industrial, Opinion and Inspired) and sociodemographic information. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the information. Results show that coincidences and divergences are observed in the importance given to the worlds; the Civic, Inspired and Opinion worlds are perceived similarly by the three types of actors and are related to the interest in how these activities benefit the environment. Differences are attributed to the role played by each type of actor and to socioeconomic aspects. Results can materialize into different strategies to improve these initiatives and reach more consumers.

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Kunjok, David Majuch, Paulo Okech Ajak, Atem Agot Deng, Atem Nathan Anyuon, Philip Malong Thiel, Deng Mawien Deng, and Kuol Manyang Diing. "Determinants of Poor Utilization and Accessibility of Immunization Services: A Qualitative Study in Selected Counties in South Sudan." Global Journal of Health Science 13, no. 9 (July 27, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n9p52.

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BACKGROUND: Reducing vaccine-preventable diseases mortality and morbidity in non-industrialized countries requires the enforcement of robust immunization strategies aimed at increasing coverage and reducing dropouts and missed immunization opportunities. Attaining high (>80%) immunization coverage with a low drop-out rate in South Sudan has been challenging because of the program’s high defaulting rates. This study aimed to determine the reasons for poor accessibility and utilization of immunization services in counties earmarked for Fragility, Emergency and Refugees (FER) in South Sudan. METHODS: A descriptive phenomenological study design was conducted across four counties of Northern Bahr El Ghazal, South Sudan, between May 2019 and December 2020 in which 42 focused group discussions and key-informant interviews involving the community and primary healthcare centers and units were conducted. Relevant EPI (Expanded program on immunization) tools were reviewed and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The main reasons identified were negative attitudes towards healthcare workers and immunization services, competing priorities of the caregivers, delayed opening of the immunization sessions, insufficient cold chain facilities, inadequate knowledge and information about immunization services, and non-availability of vaccines at the health facility. CONCLUSIONS: A plan to supply adequate vaccines and related supplies to the counties by identifying stock levels in time must be a priority. Health facility micro-plan development and implementation should be supported by increased funding for the implementation of outreach and mobile sessions to reach missed children, intensified door-to-door health awareness, and regular community meetings to increase vaccine uptake.

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Carley, Dale H. "Impact of Milk Supply Management Policies on the South." Journal of Dairy Science 71, no. 8 (August 1988): 2315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(88)79810-0.

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KIM, JONG-GYU, JOONG-SOON KIM, and JEONG GYOO KIM. "Trends of Food Supply and Nutrient Intake in South Korea Over the Past 30 Years." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.09.

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Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate food supply and consumption trends in South Korea over the past 30 years (1980 to 2010). Methods: We used time series data on Food Balance Sheets of Korea and the National Health and Nutrition Survey from Korea Statistics. Regression analysis was performed for trends of food supply and demand, and t-test for the gender difference in nutrient intake. Results: The annual supply of cereals, rice and starch roots per person has decreased, while that of meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, milk, and fats and oils has increased (p < 0.05), respectively. These changes effect on nutrient intake: rice consumption has declined to one-third of total energy intake, however, the energy intake from lipid sources has increased up to 20% in the 2000s.The nutrient intake levels are mostly sufficient to meet the recommended intake, but calcium intake is below the recommended level and sodium is three times above the recommended level. These problems are found in both genders, and males take in more calories and sodium than females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These changes in food consumption and supply resulted in lowering both quantities based food self-sufficiency rate and self-sufficiency of nutrition supply. It is therefore suggested that the supply of agricultural products should be stable and quality competitiveness in supply should be improved. Also, measures and strategies in promoting rice consumption are required, such as promoting healthy diet via nutrition education and disseminating healthy traditional Korean food.

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Mohamed-Ahmed, M. M., A. I. Ahmed, and A. Ishag. "Trypanosome infection rate ofGlossina morsitans submorsitans in Bahr El Arab, South Darfur Province, Sudan." Tropical Animal Health and Production 21, no. 4 (December 1989): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02261101.

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Hazra, Aniruddha. "Challenges in setting up a potable water supply system in a United Nations peacekeeping mission: The South Sudan experience." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 216, no. 1 (January 2013): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.05.008.

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Saeed, I. E., and E. S. Ahmed. "Determinants of acquiring malaria among displaced people in Khartoum state, Sudan." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 4 (September 21, 2003): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.4.581.

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A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among displaced people in Khartoum state to determine risk factors associated with malaria. Data were collected from 856 households about sociodemographic characteristics, history of malaria, and knowledge, attitudes and treatment-seeking behaviour. Overall, 68.2% reported a malaria attack among household members in the previous year. Risk of malaria attack was significantly associated with tribe, language, education, water supply and food expenditure. The highest rates of attack were among local language speakers [85.5%] and illiterate residents [70.4%]. Half the respondents [50.2%] delayed seeking treatment for malaria. Knowledge, attitudes and practices had no association with malaria attacks, except for a 4.7-fold increased risk of malaria when obtaining water from carts rather than wells

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Sunyoto, Temmy, Julien Potet, Margriet den Boer, Koert Ritmeijer, Jose A. R. Postigo, Raffaella Ravinetto, Fabiana Alves, Albert Picado, and Marleen Boelaert. "Exploring global and country-level barriers to an effective supply of leishmaniasis medicines and diagnostics in eastern Africa: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e029141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029141.

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ObjectivesTo understand stakeholders’ perceptions of the access barriers to quality-assured diagnostics and medicines for leishmaniasis in the high-burden region of eastern Africa, and to identify key bottlenecks to improve the supply of commodities for neglected tropical diseases.DesignDesk reviews and qualitative in-depth interview study with purposive sampling.MethodsA landscape analysis through literature and desk review was performed. Next, 29 representatives from international organisations, non-governmental agencies, national control programmes from six countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda) and manufacturers were interviewed between May and July 2018. Participants were selected purposively and expanded through a snowballing technique.Data analysis was aided by NVivo, applying the framework method as a part of the thematic content analysis approach.ResultsThe barriers along the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) supply chain were identified as emerging themes, grouped across supply chain activities and health systems component(s). Stakeholders expressed the perception of progress, but bottlenecks persist. VL medicines, in general, lack multisource production capacity and with small market volume, expansion of suppliers is difficult. Procurement is plagued by forecasting difficulties, complex regulatory policies and procedures, and distribution challenges. Weak communication and coordination across different levels resulted in shortages and loss of trust among different actors. Cross-cutting issues spanned from limited political and resource commitment due to low awareness and limited in-country capacity. However, study respondents were optimistic to pursue several remedies, most importantly to build bridges between supply and demand sides through continued dialogue and collaborations. Diagnostics supply has mostly been overlooked; thus, improved investment in this area is needed.ConclusionsAddressing supply barriers in eastern Africa requires consistent, specific efforts at the global and national levels, progressing from current partnerships and agreements. Priority actions include pooled procurement, improved forecast, and increased commitment and resources. Sustainability remains an elusive goal, yet to be integrated into discussions moving forward.

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Tappis, Hannah, Shannon Doocy, and Stephen Amoako. "Food commodity pipeline management in transitional settings: challenges and lessons learned from the first USAID food development program in South Sudan." Global Health: Science and Practice 1, no. 2 (August 2013): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-13-00018.

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Bomford, M. "Food and reproduction of wild house mice. 2. A field experiment to examine the effect of food availability and food quality on breeding in spring." Wildlife Research 14, no. 2 (1987): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870197.

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Free-ranging populations of house mice, Mus musculus L., on contour banks in a rice field in New South Wales were provided with three types of supplementary food of differing nutritional quality for 10 weeks in spring. Four live-trapping sessions were conducted 3-10 weeks after supplementary feeding started. The percentage of females breeding averaged 47% on banks with supplementary food, and 0% on control banks with no supplementary food. The quality of the supplementary food did not affect breeding performance. It is concluded that breeding in rice fields in spring is limited by the food supply, and it is probably the supply of energy, rather than that of specific nutrients, that is limiting.

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Steenkamp, Jorinda, Elizelle Juanee Cilliers, Sarel Stephanus Cilliers, and Louis Lategan. "Food for Thought: Addressing Urban Food Security Risks through Urban Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031267.

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Food and nutrition security has been neglected in the planning field for reasons of a lack of connection between food and planning and the perception that agricultural activities have no place in the modernizing world. However, considering increasing climate change impacts and implications on industrialized agriculture, there is a clear need to establish shorter, more sustainable agricultural production practices and food supply chains. Urban agriculture is proposed as a potential method of intervention for planners to support sustainable food production and supply chains. The paper utilized a multiple-case study design to analyze four best practice examples of urban agriculture in the Global South to uncover its potential to address food security associated risks and contribute to sustainable development objectives. The results delivered evidence of the potential to harness the multifunctionality of urban agriculture to not only improve the food security of the most at-risk populations, but to also address other urban risks such as unemployment, community decline and food deserts. The recommendations for this paper relate to establishing a food security department, mapping and encouraging more sustainable food supply chains, creating land uses and zonings specific to urban agriculture and to utilize its multifunctionality to address other urban risks.

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Haroun, Mahdi, Tisser Khalid, Abdelazim Mohd Altawil, Gammaa Abdelgadir Mohd Osman, and Eiman Elrashid Diab. "Efficiency of gamma radiation technology in decontamination of wastewater from Soba Station-Khartoum Sudan." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.03.0334.

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In Sudan the expense of municipality treatment is expanding with more strict environmental obligations. Radiation technology for handling of industrial and domestic water supply is presently under study in many countries. The expenses for the wastewater treatment by radiation technology are comparable with that of the other modern technology of treatment systems. This study focuses on using of various radiation doses to handle samples of municipal wastewater collected from Soba wastewater station south of Khartoum-Sudan. The experimental results confirmed that some physicochemical parameters like pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, FOG, and Total phenols were decreased with increasing absorbed doses. Other parameters like Electrical conductivity (EC) and Hardness were not affected by radiation doses. TDS, turbidity decreased up to 50 K rad and then increased with increased in radiation doses. All parameters are within the permissible level in Sudan for discharge to surface water. Gamma-irradiation has shown to be effective in removing organic contaminants from the sewage water and sludge. Gamma-irradiation opens door for possible reuse of irradiated sewage water and sludge. The whole experimental issues involving the management of disposed materials must be put in mind when we are assessing the benefits of applying technology of radiation for treating all municipality issues in Khartoum city.

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Rehmani, Sabeen Shahid, and Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui. "Consumer's Attitude towards Green Supply Chain Practices and its impact on their Intentions to Buy at Fast Food Restaurants in Bahawalpur, Pakistan." Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v1i1.1006.

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The purpose of this study is to find the impact of consumer perception on green supply chain practices in fast food places in South Punjab, Pakistan. Green supply chain practices focus on assimilating environmental thinking into the conventional supply chain, including areas like product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product as well as end-of-life management of the product after its useful life. To put it simply, green supply chain practices deal in creating an environmentally friendly supply chain that will result in an organization that not only sustains itself, but also the environment around it. This research work was conducted in South Punjab, Pakistan to see whether or not people perceived green supply chain practices important and whether that would affect their decision to dine at a certain place. To serve the purpose of the research, the data was acquired from the general population of South Punjab. The respondents included students from intermediate, people who held jobs, housewives etc. with a sample of 260 chosen randomly. The overall findings state that consumer perception is significantly affected by green supply chain practices in the fast food industry. The research is limited due to the time constraints, financial constraints and limited availability of the data. The results of this research study may not generalize to other province of the Pakistan as the study is conducted only in the context of South Punjab.

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Alfred Maroyi. "Chemical properties, biological activities and ethnomedicinal uses of Maerua pseudopetalosa: A famine food species of tropical Africa." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 7889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.4686.

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Maerua pseudopetalosa (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) DeWolf is a perennial herb or subshrub collected from the wild as a food plant or traditional medicine. Maerua pseudopetalosa occurs naturally from Senegal, east to Eritrea and Ethiopia, through South Sudan, Sudan, East Africa, south to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study is aimed at evaluating the chemical properties, biological activities and ethnomedicinal uses of M. pseudopetalosa. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study revealed that the fruit, leaf and root infusion and/or decoction of M. pseudopetalosa are mainly used as a stimulant and to restore physical strength and vitality, and traditional medicine for chest pains, breast cancer and cough. Phytochemical compounds identified from aerial parts, fruits, roots, seeds and tubers of M. pseudopetalosa include quaternary ammonium compounds, alkaloids, amino acids, betaines, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolics, sterols and tannins. Preliminary ethnopharmacological research revealed that aerial parts, roots and tubers of M. pseudopetalosa have antibacterial, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, pancreatic lipase inhibitory and cytotoxicity activities. Maerua pseudopetalosa should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.

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Pellett, Peter L. "World Essential Amino Acid Supply with Special Attention to South-East Asia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 3 (September 1996): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700304.

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On the basis of calculations using regional and country food balance sheets, dietary surveys from Pakistan and India, and amino acid composition data, it is proposed that the essential amino acid lysine may be relatively lacking in many areas of the world where diets heavily based on cereals are consumed. By combining food balance sheet and gross national product data, it can be demonstrated that as wealth increases, not only are more food energy and protein available, but there are also major changes in the pattern of foods selected. When dietary and health data are stratified by gross national product, the poorest countries, with a combined population of nearly 3,000 million, have the highest proportion of their protein originating from plant sources. These are also the countries with the lowest life expectancy and the highest mortality rate among children under five years of age. Rich countries, in contrast, obtain much of their protein from animal sources. Such different dietary patterns of the rich and the poor lead to very different daily availabilities of lysine Although large differences also exist for all other essential amino acids, the difference is considered to be nutritionally significant only for lysine The coefficient of variation (CV %) in lysine content in some 100 dietary calculations was more than three times the average CV % of the other essential amino acids. The amino acid compositions of animal, pulse, and cereal proteins are also sufficiently different from each other to allow food group data to be used to predict the lysine value of diets. Dietary survey data from both India and Pakistan showed wide intra-country variations of lysine availability. Average lysine values were low in both countries and would indicate a considerable risk of inadequate levels of intake in many subsections of the population. Strategies to alleviate possible global problems of low lysine supply must include improving dietary diversity as well as consideration of cereal nutrient fortification.

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Ngouapegne, Chriss Narick Mangoukou, and Elizabeth Chinomona. "Modelling The Influence Of The Drivers Of Supply Chain Performance In The Food Retail Industry In South Africa." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 35, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v35i2.10298.

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The objective of this research is to examine the antecedents of supply chain value in the food trade business in the Gauteng region of South Africa. This study considers three of these drivers, namely buyer-supplier trust, commitment and supply chain relationship durability. A numerical approach was implemented in which a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 429 managers and staff members from food retailing firms in the Gauteng province. The study used a non-probability convenience sampling technique to select respondents. Information were analysed through two software packages, namely the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 24.0) and the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS version 24.0). The main goal of this research is to see if the data fits the model. A confirmatory factor analysis was applied in examining and testing the relationships between observed constructs and their causal latent constructs while structural equation modelling helped in testing the hypothesised relationships among variables. The results of the investigation made known that buyer and supplier trust, commitment and supply chain relationship endurance absolutely and meaningfully impact supply chain performance. This investigation concludes that to achieve greater supply chain performance, food retailers should expedite the levels of trust, commitment and length of relationships with their providers. The outcomes of this study offer valuable understandings on how companies in the food retail industry could profit from trust, commitment and relationship longevity along with on how to develop supply chain performance. The results of this study add to the current body of knowledge by generating new information on buyer-supplier relationships. Therefore, the study is useful to buyers and suppliers in the food retail industry who wish to enhance supply chain performance and develop better relationships.

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Mittaine, Jean-François. "The oil & protein crop supply chain in South America: introduction." OCL 25, no. 1 (January 2018): D101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018007.

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Doocy, Shannon, Hannah Tappis, Amy Paul, Rolf Klemm, and Sonya Funna. "Preventing Malnutrition in Children under Two (PM2A): A Case Study in the Food Insecure Context of South Sudan." World Health & Population 14, no. 4 (May 30, 2013): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/whp.2013.23494.

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Peng, Cheau-Jane, Cheng-Yao Lin, and How-Ran Guo. "A Comparison of Food Supply from 1984 to 2009 and Degree of Dietary Westernization in Taiwan with Asian Countries and World Continents." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/628586.

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Objective. To compare quality, quantity, and trends of food supply from 1984 to 2009 and degree of food westernization in Taiwan with Asian countries and world continents by using food balance data.Methods. We compiled data from food balance sheets of Taiwan and Food and Agriculture Organization, including five continents and three most populated countries each in Eastern, Southern, and Southeastern Asia over the period 1984–2009. Quantity of food supply per capita was referenced to Taiwan food guides. The population-weighted means of food supply from Europe, North America, South America, and Australia and New Zealand continents in terms of energy and nutrient distributions, animal/plant sources, and sugar/alcohol contribution were used as indicators of westernization. Trends of food supply per capita of six food groups were plotted, and linear regression was applied to evaluate food changes.Findings. Taiwan’s food supply provided sufficient quantity in food energy, with the lowest cereals/roots supply and rice to wheat ratio, but the highest meat and oil supplies per capita among the 10 studied Asian countries. Taiwan food supply showed the most westernization among these countries.Conclusion. Food supply of Taiwan, although currently sufficient, indicated some security problems and high tendency of diet westernization.

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Arifunddin, Asyriah Arifunddin, Abd Rahman Kadir, and Sumardi Sumardi. "Minum Rice Supply Needs in South Sulawesi-The case of Bulog Divre South Sulawesi." HASANUDDIN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STRATEGY 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26487/hjbs.v1i2.217.

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One issue of the decline in the performance of the agricultural sector is claimed due to changing the authority of BULOG in managing strategic food through trade system instruments.This study aims to analyze the system of rice supply Perum BULOG South Sulawesi in terms of the number of economic orders, minimum inventory, maximum inventory, and determining the point of reorder. This research was conducted at the Office of Public Logistics Bureau at Jln. Andi Pangeran Pettarani, Makassar. In research using data collection techniques by means of observation, literature study, interviews and documentation. Analysis of the data that has been selected is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). The results showed that from the calculation results to determine the economical amount of inventory using EOQ calculations, it is known that the costs of South Sulawesi Bulog raw material inventory in 2017 amounted to 235.41 tons with a ordering frequency of 310 purchases in one year. Whereas from 2017 the realization of the absorption of Bulog rice procurement in South Sulawesi in 2017 amounted to 324,554 tons, with an ordering frequency of 305 times with an average of 1,064 tons per order. If the company can implement the EOQ method can provide savings on raw material inventory costs and the accuracy in managing the amount of inventory. Based on the calculation of the safety stock, it can be seen that in 2017 Bulog must have a safety stock of rice in the warehouse of 18,264 tons to avoid a stock out. Based on the reorder point calculation, Bulog must reorder when the stock is 18,383 tons. The maximum inventory of rice that can be stored in a warehouse is 18,499 tons.

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Van Heerden, Jan Horn. "Who would eat more with a food voucher programme in South Africa?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 3 (June 17, 2011): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i3.220.

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A Computable General Equilibrium model is used to find the effects of a food voucher scheme on the economy in South Africa. If firms consider the issuing of vouchers as increased remuneration, they will hire fewer labourers. The higher labour cost increases the total cost of production and lowers supply. Real Gross Domestic Product decreases and the economy becomes worse off. However, depending on the size of the government’s involvement in such a scheme as well as the tax policies that are used to fund it, a food voucher scheme could benefit the poor, and improve the distribution of wealth in the country.

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Ning, Zhao, Gao Xia, Chen Zhongmin, Huang Jiangqin, and Zhang Guangya. "High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy Correlation and Sedimentary Model of Braided Rivers: A Case on Paleogene Palogue Oilfield, South Sudan." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303024.

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Complicated fluvial sands correlation and braided river models are still challenges for heterogeneous anisotropic reservoir evaluation for petroleum development in oilfields. Based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology, core observation, and the analysis of logging and seismic data, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework of Paleogene Yabus formation of Palogue Oilfield, South Sudan is established, and sedimentary characteristics of braided rivers are analyzed, (1) In braided river deposits, channel bars are usually pro-gradating seawards and going thicker upwards. And braided channels are retro-gradating landwards and going thinner upwards. Both of them can be subdivided into channel (bar) trunks and channels (bar) flanks, showing vertical stacking and lateral migration; (3) As the A/S (Accommodation space/sediments supply) increasing upwards, braided river sands are shifting frequently as a reciprocating migration in Yabus V/VI, and they are more stable as the A/S decreasing upwards as a vertical aggradation in Yabus VII/VIII; (4) With 77 wells sedimentary microfacies identification, sand thickness and sand/bed ratio distribution, sedimentary facies distribution of all members and zones are analyzed. According to the A/S change, three braided river models are concluded, including isolated channel type (high A/S period), crossed channels type (medium A/S period), and superposed channels type (low A/S period).

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Wong, Anabelle, Kevin K. C. Hung, Mzwandile Mabhala, Justin W. Tenney, and Colin A. Graham. "Filling the Gaps in the Pharmacy Workforce in Post-Conflict Areas: Experience from Four Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158132.

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Background: While the pharmacy workforce is the third largest professional healthcare group worldwide, the pharmacy workforce landscape remains unclear in post-conflict areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: Key informants were selected for semi-structured interviews due to their role in providing pharmacy services in the selected country: the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, and South Sudan. Transcripts from the interviews were anonymized, coded, and analyzed. Results: Nine participants were recruited (CAR: 2; DRC: 2; Ethiopia: 2; South Sudan: 3), and all except two were pharmacists. Conflict-specific challenges in pharmacy service delivery were identified as the following: unpredictable health needs and/or mismatched pharmaceutical supply, transport difficulties due to insecure roads, and shortage of pharmacy workforce due to brain drain or interrupted schooling. Barriers to health workforce retention and growth were identified to be brain drain as a result of suboptimal living and working conditions or remuneration, the perception of an unsafe work environment, and a career pathway or commitment duration that does not fit the diaspora or expatriate staff. Conclusion: To tackle the barriers of pharmacy health workforce retention and growth, policy solutions will be required and efforts that can bring about long-term improvement should be prioritized. This is essential to achieve universal health coverage and the targets of the sustainable development goals for conflict affected areas, as well as to “leave no one behind”.

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Scott, Gregory J., and Ulrich Kleinwechter. "Future Scenarios for Potato Demand, Supply and Trade in South America to 2030." Potato Research 60, no. 1 (March 2017): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-017-9338-z.

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Deale, Cynthia, William C. Norman, and Laura W. Jodice. "Marketing Locally Harvested Shrimp to South Carolina Coastal Visitors: The Development of a Culinary Tourism Supply Chain." Journal of Culinary Science & Technology 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2008): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428050701884121.

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Groot, Maaike. "Developments in Animal Husbandry and Food Supply in Roman Germania Inferior." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 3 (March 28, 2017): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2016.31.

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The Roman province of Germania Inferior is characterized geographically by the river Rhine—the border of the Empire—and the forts along it. From the north-west to the south-east, there are significant differences in landscape and type of rural habitation. Whether these differences are also noticeable in animal husbandry forms the subject of this article. Are there any differences in species proportions and slaughter ages between the western and eastern parts of the province, and between urban, military, and rural sites? What does this say about farming and food supply? After presenting an overview of the zooarchaeological data from Germania Inferior, I shall discuss in detail one civitas—the civitas Batavorum, with the best known zooarchaeological dataset within the province. What changes in species proportions and cattle size can be detected over time from this civitas? Is there evidence for inter- and intra-site variability and changes in butchery methods? This article's further aim is to demonstrate what kind of questions a synthetic overview of zooarchaeological datasets can address.

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Starr, Mike, Biar Deng, and Juha Helenius. "AquaCrop-Simulated Response of Sorghum Biomass and Grain Yield to Biochar Amendment in South Sudan." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010067.

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The dependency on rainfed agriculture and weak adaptability of the agricultural sector to climate change threaten food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Biochar has widely been touted as a relatively easy means of increasing the soil water storage capacity of soils and thereby improving or maintaining crop yields. In this study we simulated the effect of biochar amendment on sorghum aboveground biomass and grain yield at a site in South Sudan. We used the model AquaCrop parameterized using site, soil, and cropping management data from a field experiment carried out at the site in 2011 and 2012, which were both wet years. Changes in soil hydraulic properties due to biochar were based on a published meta-analysis study. In order to investigate whether the response to biochar differed in dry years, simulations were also carried out for 1990, which was the driest year during the period 1979–2014. Measured and modelled biomass and yields with and without biochar for 2011 and 2012 were compared. Simulated and measured yields depended on growing season rainfall and distribution. The simulations showed that biochar amendment had an effect on rooting zone soil water content and sorghum biomass and grain yield in 1990, but not in 2011 and 2012. In view of expected climate change, the results have important implications for sorghum production and the potential use of biochar in SSA. Given the limited response of grain yield to biochar shown in our simulations, careful selection of sorghum variety and cultivar and consideration of planting date may be a more effective means of improving yields than applying biochar.

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Schmiedl, G., A. Mackensen, and P. J. Müller. "Recent benthic foraminifera from the eastern South Atlantic Ocean: Dependence on food supply and water masses." Marine Micropaleontology 32, no. 3-4 (December 1997): 249–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8398(97)00023-6.

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Ahmed, Suhail Tageldin Hago, and Ali Abdelrahman Rabah. "Energy Conservation Measures in Heavy Trucks Freight Transport." Journal of Energy Conservation 1, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2642-3146.jec-20-3389.

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Since the independence of South Sudan, Sudan lost 75% of its oil reserves, this led to major fuel shortages country wide, the fuel shortage raised the fuel prices and the overall transport prices. Scarcity led to black market trade of fuel specially in states away from the Capital City (Khartoum). Managing the available stock comes first before increasing the supply amount in order to solve the problem, one of the major fuel consumers to be managed is the transport sector specially the long haulage freight transport. Moving freight in Sudan is constrained by inadequate infrastructure and high costs. This paper covers specifically the long haulage freight transport between Khartoum State and Western side of the country (Darfur Region), Contributing to manage fuel consumption for trucks, taking into account trucks types used, roads, environmental impacts and mitigation measures applicable to save fuel . The results showed that the primary reason for the excessive fuel consumption is the usage of the rigid trucks (lorries) for transport specially the Hino700 series, this truck type, overload and absence of weight stations and control policies contributed significantly to deterioration of roads and transport efficiency decreasing. First step towards the solution would be in upgrading roads infrastructure assuring high quality along with enforced weight regulations and weight stations to protect roads from damages. High quality roads shall ease the usage of different truck types with different configurations. Then stablish a policy to force replacement of the low efficiency lorry truck types with high quality tractor semi-trailer combinations.

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Gudo, Adam Juma Abdallah, Jinsong Deng, Marye Belete, and Ghali Abdullahi Abubakar. "Estimation of Small Onshore Wind Power Development for Poverty Reduction in Jubek State, South Sudan, Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041483.

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Energy security is one of the challenging issues hindering developmental progress in developing countries. Wind power as a renewable energy source can play a significant role in poverty reduction if adequate information is provided. In this study, multi-approach technics were applied for a better understanding of the wind energy potential in Jubek State, South Sudan. Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing, and mathematical equations were applied in identifying suitable locations, potential power per unit area, wind farm layout, design of appropriate turbine size, and utilization of wind energy in both agricultural and domestic sectors. Wind speed, land use land cover, and digital elevation maps of the study area were processed in ArcGIS, MATLAB (Weibull distribution), and Minitab software. The results show that 17,331.4 km2 (94.64%) of the study area is appropriate for wind power generation, with wind density of about 3.65 W/m2 and installation capacity about 19,757.79 MW, resulting in an annual energy production of about 7269.29 GWh. With the proposed wind turbine, one ton of various crops and animal products require 1–4 and 2–20 turbines, respectively. Therefore, the step-by-step procedures followed in this study will contribute to poverty reduction through improving agricultural productivity and food quality.

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Moyo, Busiso Helard, and Anne Marie Thompson Thow. "Fulfilling the Right to Food for South Africa: Justice, Security, Sovereignty and the Politics of Malnutrition." World Nutrition 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 112–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2020113112-152.

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Despite South Africa’s celebrated constitutional commitments that have expanded and deepened South Africa’s commitment to realise socio-economic rights, limited progress in implementing right to food policies stands to compromise the country’s developmental path. If not a deliberate policy choice, the persistence of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms is a deep policy failure. Food system transformation in South Africa requires addressing wider issues of who controls the food supply, thus influencing the food chain and the food choices of the individual and communities. This paper examines three global rights-based paradigms – ‘food justice’, ‘food security’ and ‘food sovereignty’ – that inform activism on the right to food globally and their relevance to food system change in South Africa; for both fulfilling the right to food and addressing all forms of malnutrition. We conclude that the emerging concept of food sovereignty has important yet largely unexplored possibilities for democratically managing food systems for better health outcomes.

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Cozzolino, Alessandra, Silvia Rossi, and Alessio Conforti. "Agile and lean principles in the humanitarian supply chain." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 2, no. 1 (May 18, 2012): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20426741211225984.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the specific stages of the humanitarian logistics process in which the agile and lean principles are needed.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this purpose, the authors propose an original conceptual framework and apply it to evidence from a “best practice” case study in the humanitarian sector: the United Nations World Food Programme and its efforts in the Darfur (Sudan) crisis.FindingsAlthough several previous works introduced the agile principle as suitable for disaster relief, when and how to embrace the agile and lean principles remained unclear. This paper demonstrates the proper combination of the agile and lean principles in disaster relief phases. The correspondence is based on the coincidence of the objectives that arises in every stage and that each principle is capable of achieving.Research limitations/implicationsFurther empirical research is needed to support the framework and to enrich the results that arise from this first explorative work.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework is targeted at leading actors involved in the operation and planning of humanitarian logistics when a crisis emerges. This approach, which is based on the combination of the agile and lean principles, is not exclusive to the humanitarian sector. This perspective may be useful to create business logistics that address disruptions to traditional supply chain flows and other forces that disrupt logistics, production and information handling.Originality/valueThe paper clarifies how agility and leanness should be emphasised in specific stages of the humanitarian logistics process, to reach a higher level of effectiveness and efficiency when planning disaster relief.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Food supply – South Sudan'

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