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Journal articles on the topic 'Football performance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Trequattrini, Raffaele, Rosa Lombardi, and Mirella Battista. "Network analysis and football team performance: a first application." Team Performance Management 21, no. 1/2 (March 9, 2015): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-03-2014-0016.

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Purpose – This paper aims to illustrate how network analysis can be used to assess the group relationships within a professional football team, starting from the assumption that team results depend, at least in part, on the interaction between team members on the pitch. Elaborating an evaluation model of team relationships can help management in making conscious choices with regards to footballer assessment, selection and acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on a qualitative/quantitative approach. Data have been acquired through direct observation. UCINET 6.4 software was used to elaborate the data. Findings – An empirical observation was carried out according to the network analysis applicative process, through the analysis of a UEFA Champions League match. The objective was to illustrate the potential of network analysis to assess football team relationships and identify a system of quantitative key indicators, which can be used to elaborate a framework for evaluating the relationships in professional football teams. Originality/value – This model means that it is possible to analyse elements such as the group members’ attitude towards cooperation, providing an evaluation tool for membership relationships that have not yet been expressed through quantitative indicators, as these indicators are relevant in the development of football game tactics.
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Omondi-Ochieng, Peter. "Gross national income, football workers and national football team performances." Team Performance Management 21, no. 7/8 (October 12, 2015): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-04-2015-0018.

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Purpose – This study aims to examine the association between national economic prosperity (measured by per capita gross national income – GNI) and the acquisition of football workers (indicated by number of amateur footballers, football officials and professional footballers) and predict football performances (specified by qualifications at continental football championships) based on per capita GNI and football workers. Design/methodology/approach – Archival data of 203 national football teams were utilized based on continental football championship records before 2014. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to build various models to ascertain their predictive values. Economically prosperous nations are those with a per capita GNI of more than US$10,000, and unprosperous nations are those with per capita GNI of less than US$10,000. Findings – The analysis indicated that per capita GNI was significantly and positively associated with the acquisition of football workers – but not predictive of football performance. Rather football officials and professionals emerged to be the key predictors of football performance and not per capita GNI. The final model predicted 73.1 and 74.2 per cent of performance and non-performance, respectively, of national football teams correctly. Research limitations – The findings were largely restricted to quantitative archival data for the last continental championships. However, future research may benefit from using qualitative interviews, questionnaires and or ethnographic studies of players, teams and or managers. Practical implications – The results revealed that economic prosperity positively influences the acquisition of football resources (here – in football workers). Specifically, targeted production of football workers, such as the acquisition of a large number of effective professional footballers and officials, can boost football performance – and not merely economic prosperity. Originality/value – Actual football-specific human capital (and not general population) was used in predicting continental football qualifications – a factor uncommon in such studies.
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Osokin, N. A. "Determinants of organizational performance of football clubs." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 4-5 (October 29, 2017): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2017-4-5-98-109.

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Russian football currently finds itself in a challenging economic situation. In light of the upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2018 all members of the Russian football industry will be under immense pressure. Russian professional football clubs have been struggling to keep with European club management standards. This article aims to evaluate the industry-specific features of organizational performance within the context of professional football clubs. The current performance measurement system within Russian football is based on 5 straightforward licensing criteria, which do not conform with international requirements. During the course of the study the author was able to identify the main factors, which may be used to form a new performance measurement system for Russian professional football clubs.The findings of this paper allow to formulate the main directions of future research in the field of organizational performance of football clubs. The most acclaimed methodologies of foreign researchers attempted to combine both sporting and non-sporting (financial, marketing, etc.) indicators. The main theoretical findings may be used to modernize the current licensing system within Russian professional football. This article attempted to systemize the body of literature on organizational performance of sports organizations and football clubs by both Russian and foreign scholars. The conclusions of this study help broaden the understanding that in the current economic realities the ability to win competitions may not be regarded as the sole purpose of professional football clubs. Football clubs must strive to simultaneously achieve success on and off the pitch.
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Rosch, Dieter, Roy Hodgson, Lars Peterson, Toni Graf-Baumann, Astrid Junge, Jiri Chomiak, and Jiri Dvorak. "Assessment and Evaluation of Football Performance." American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 5_suppl (September 2000): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-29.

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The most important variables for measuring performance in team sports such as football are physical condition and technical and tactical performance. However, because of the complexity of the game of football it is difficult to ascertain the relative importance of each of these variables. The aim of the present study was to develop a standardized test battery to evaluate physical performance in football players. The F-MARC test battery was designed to closely relate to the football player's normal activity and comprised a functional, structured training session of approximately 2.5 hours. It included a “quality rating” of the warm-up procedure, tests of flexibility, football skills, power, speed, and endurance. The players finished with a cool-down. A total of 588 football players underwent the F-MARC test battery. Mean values for performance on each test are presented for groups of differing age and skill levels. The test battery proved to be a feasible instrument to assess both physical performance and football skills. This study supports the proposal by Balsom (1994) that analysis of an individual player's physical profile, in relation to mean values for a similar age group and skill level, might be of assistance to the coach in objectively evaluating the effects of a specific training program. It may also be of use to the physician and physical therapist responsible for monitoring progress during rehabilitation after football injuries.
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Almendra, Rafael, Daniel Silva, Tiago Silva, Suzana Russo, Allan Kout França, and Renata Silva-Mann. "Innovation and performance in brazilian football clubs." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 01–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss5.2216.

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The purpose this study is to evaluate the influence of innovation on the performance of Brazilian soccer clubs, aiming to deepen the interrelationship between the themes and provide answers and possibilities for more effective decisions by managers. With data from the years 2015 to 2017, a sample of 26 clubs soccer clubs participating in Series A of the Brazilian Football Championship used. Brands registration and the representation of intangible assets serve as proxies for innovation. Club performance measured by revenue logarithm (financial performance), return on equity (economic performance) and CBF ranking (sports performance). In order to meet the general objective of the research, linear regression applied. Considering the study variables registration of brands and representativeness of intangible assets as proxies for measuring innovation, it was inferred that there is significant and positive influence of innovation on financial and sports performance, this is, innovation contributes to the increase of performances. Thus, it inferred that innovation is a potential source of competitive advantage as it results in increased performance.
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Alaminos, David, Ignacio Esteban, and Manuel A. Fernández-Gámez. "Financial Performance Analysis in European Football Clubs." Entropy 22, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091056.

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The financial performance of football clubs has become an essential element to ensure the solvency and viability of the club over time. For this, both the theory and the practical and regulatory evidence show the need to study financial factors, as well as sports and corporate factors to analyze the possible flow of income and for good management of the club’s accounts, respectively. Through these factors, the present study analyzes the financial performance of European football clubs using neural networks as a methodology, where the popular multilayer perceptron and the novel quantum neural network are applied. The results show the financial performance of the club is determined by liquidity, leverage, and sporting performance. Additionally, the quantum network as the most accurate variant. These conclusions can be useful for football clubs and interest groups, as well as for regulatory bodies that try to make the best recommendations and conditions for the football industry.
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Levine, B. D., J. Stray-Gundersen, and R. D. Mehta. "Effect of altitude on football performance." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 18 (July 8, 2008): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00835.x.

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Naidenova, Iuliia, Petr Parshakov, and Alexey Chmykhov. "Does football sponsorship improve company performance?" European Sport Management Quarterly 16, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1124900.

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Nassis, George P. "Effect of Altitude on Football Performance." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27, no. 3 (March 2013): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31825d999d.

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10

Viano, David C., Chris Withnall, and David Halstead. "Impact Performance of Modern Football Helmets." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 40, no. 1 (October 20, 2011): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0384-4.

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11

Fry, John, Jean-Philippe Serbera, and Rob Wilson. "Managing performance expectations in association football." Journal of Business Research 135 (October 2021): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.052.

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12

Tamada, Chandan Varma, and Sai Ganesh Sabbavarapu. "Flow Visualization of Footballs to Analyze the Factors Affecting their Aerodynamic Performance Using CFD." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 23, 2020): 460–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep296.

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The motion of a football in air is influenced by the combination of various aerodynamic effects caused by the parameters such as velocity, surface roughness, panel orientation and shape. This paper analyzes the individual and combined effects of these parameters on the flight characteristics of various footballs using CFD Analysis. Four balls, a smooth sphere, a 32-panel conventional football, 14-panel Teamgeist and 6-panel Brazuca ball are subjected to different velocities of air flow over them, both in the laminar and turbulent regime, different surface roughness values and the influence of these parameters on the aerodynamics of the balls is evaluated by the drag force, drag coefficient and hydrodynamic boundary layer separation angle. The effect of the seam length, number of panels and panel orientation are also compared. The results of these effects are discussed later in the paper and are used to explain the knuckling effects and unpredictable trajectory of the Jabulani ball.
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Osokin, N. A. "Win vs. Profit maximization: optimal strategy for managing organizational performance of russian football clubs." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 2 (July 15, 2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-2-86-91.

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The cause-effect relationships between performance dimensions were assessed using a multivariate linear regression. The author analyzes the strategic behavior of Russian football clubs using the profit/win maximization classification. The causality tests allowed the author to form a conceptual model of the main performance dimensions of professional football clubs in Russia. The results help better understand the managerial pitfalls in Russian club football. The article contributes to the literature on organizational performance of professional football clubs by focusing on the Russian context, which has not been done previously. The findings of the paper confront the managerial fallacies of Russian club football and broaden the understanding of club football management practices in general.
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Kumar, A. Suman. "Effect of Various Yogic Practices on Skill Performance in Football Players." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 20, 2020): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200360.

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15

Perechuda, Igor. "Football Clubs Drowned by Players." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2020-0005.

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AbstractIntroduction. The insolvency in football was explained by the underperformance of a football club, either in terms of its ability to achieve playing results which depends on the quality of players on the staff, or in terms of its ability to generate a level of revenue consistent with performance in the league. Hence, two questions were addressed in the study: how deep will the European football crisis be after 2020 and are payrolls the most sensitive factor of football business performance?Material and Methods. The study was based on the European football clubs data derived from the annual financial statement. A descriptive statistics analysis was performed in order to find out how significant salary indicators are in comparison to other football clubs’ performance measures. In order to establish the scale of changes in football finance in 2020, a basic stress test analysis was implemented.Results. The study established that salary to revenue indicator is one of the most significant for football clubs’ performance. Thus, as the first step, the analysis of revenue reduction was elaborated and in the second step, the analysis of the reduction of salaries was performed. The presented stress test scenario implied that the situation of European football would change dramatically under the assumption of 50% reduction of the annual revenue.Conclusions. The study established that the football clubs’situation is too serious not to be carefully managed due to cost and revenue performance.
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Miragaia, Dina, João Ferreira, Alexandre Carvalho, and Vanessa Ratten. "Interactions between financial efficiency and sports performance." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 8, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-18-00060.

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Purpose In the current economic climate, the huge rise in the levels of debt incurred by professional football clubs challenges the need to improve their efficiency levels. Hence, analysis of their productivity is essential and represents an integral dimension to any realistic and efficient strategy. Any such strategy includes the identification and analysis of the inputs and outputs that underpin club sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the team performance of professional European football clubs and the stability of their financial efficiency. Design/methodology/approach The sample spans 15 professional football clubs that won the league titles in the leading football leagues (the English, German, Spanish, Italian and French leagues) in the period between 2009 and 2014. The analysis made recourse to the data envelopment analysis method. Findings The results demonstrate that of the 15 clubs analysed, only 10 proved efficient. Football is now an industry that moves major quantities of financial capital and holds the attentions of large groups of fans worldwide. However, despite this attractiveness, the financial crisis and recession, ongoing since 2008, increasingly requires the better management of such resources. To this end, clubs should improve their control over the financial resources available given the positive relationship prevailing between the sporting performance of clubs and their levels of financial efficiency. Originality/value Analysis of the efficiency levels of the inputs and outputs encapsulating performance related financial variables may aid in improving the standards of planning and sustainable management at professional sport clubs.
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Mardis, Benjamin R., Caanan G. Gassmann, and David S. Senchina. "A Test of Soccer Cleats Compared to Football Cleats during Football Speed and Agility Drills: Do Soccer Cleats Make You Faster or More Agile?" Journal of Student Research 6, no. 1 (May 23, 2017): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v6i1.319.

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Background: Football players have many options in cleat styles and designs today. Skill position players especially may opt for soccer cleats over football cleats in the belief that the soccer cleats will help them run faster. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare soccer cleats to football cleats during common American football field drills. Methods: Sixteen young adult males performed a circuit of four American football speed and agility drills (forty yd-dash, ladder drill, 5-10-5-drill, and six-route route tree) in both soccer and football cleats. Performance measures (such as time or steps) were recorded for each drill. Subjects were asked to score the shoes in terms of comfort, heaviness, stability, and traction at various times. Results: Two significant differences were found as a result of this study. Out route times (seconds) were significantly different between football cleats and soccer cleats. The other significant difference occurred in the perceived heaviness of each cleat. Conclusion: This study found minimal difference between football and soccer cleats in performance and perception. Participants in this study showed split preferences as to which cleat was better for performance. Of four studied perceptual outcomes, only the heaviness perception was significantly different. This was further backed by performance data that had only one significant difference among seventeen performance-associated measurements.
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Wang, Hui, Meng Wang, and Peng Zhao. "Sports Video Augmented Reality Real-Time Image Analysis of Mobile Devices." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963524.

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Sports video is loved by the audience because of its unique charm, so it has high research value and application value to analyze and study the video data of competition. Based on the background of football match, this paper studies the football detection and tracking algorithm in football game video and analyzes the real-time image of real-time mobile devices in sports video augmented reality. Firstly, the image is preprocessed by image graying, image denoising, image binarization, and so on. Secondly, Hough transform is used to locate and detect football, and according to the characteristics of football, Hough transform is improved. Based on the good performance of SIFT algorithm in feature matching, a football tracking algorithm based on SIFT feature matching is proposed, which matches the detected football with the sample football. The simulation results show that the improved Hough transform can effectively detect football and has good antijamming performance. And the designed football tracking algorithm based on SIFT feature matching can accurately track the football trajectory; therefore, the football detection and tracking algorithm designed in this paper is suitable for real-time football monitoring and tracking.
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Sullivan, Courtney, Thomas Kempton, Patrick Ward, and Aaron J. Coutts. "Career Performance Trajectories of Professional Australian Football Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0799.

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Purpose: To develop position-specific career performance trajectories and determine the age of peak performance of professional Australian Football players. Methods: Match performance data (Australian Football League [AFL] Player Rank) were collected for Australian Football players drafted via the AFL National Draft between 1999 and 2015 (N = 207). Players were subdivided into playing positions: forwards (n = 60; age 23 [3] y), defenders (n = 71; age 24 [4] y), midfielders (n = 58; age 24 [4] y), and ruckmen (n = 18; age 24 [3] y). Linear mixed models were fitted to the data to estimate individual career trajectories. Results: Forwards, midfielders, and defenders experienced peak match performance earlier than ruckmen (24–25 vs 27 y). Midfielders demonstrated the greatest between-subjects variability (intercept 0.580, age 0.0286) in comparison with ruckmen, who demonstrated the least variability (intercept 0.112, age 0.005) in AFL Player Rank throughout their careers. Age had the greatest influence on the career trajectory of midfielders (β [SE] = 0.226 [0.025], T = 9.10, P < .01) and the least effect on ruckmen (β [SE] = 0.114 [0.049], T = 2.30, P = .02). Conclusions: Professional Australian Football players peak in match performance between 24 and 27 years of age with age, having the greatest influence on the match performance of midfielders and the least on ruckmen.
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Gillen, Zachary M., Marni E. Shoemaker, Brianna D. McKay, and Joel T. Cramer. "Performance Differences between National Football League and High School American Football Combine Participants." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 90, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1571679.

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LaPlaca, David A., and Bryan A. McCullick. "National Football League Scouting Combine Tests Correlated to National Football League Player Performance." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34, no. 5 (May 2020): 1317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003479.

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Wan, Kin-Man, Ka-U. Ng, and Thung-Hong Lin. "The Political Economy of Football: Democracy, Income Inequality, and Men’s National Football Performance." Social Indicators Research 151, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 981–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02410-y.

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Preljević, Adem, Omer Špirtović, Damir Ahmić, Lazar Toskić, and Armin Zećirović. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC MOTOR SKILLS AND PERFORMANCE SUCCESS IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fupes200407017p.

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The main aim of this research was to determine to which degree the system of variables used to evaluate specific motor skills correlated with the system of variables used to evaluate successful performance in football play. The study was conducted on a sample of 170 senior football players. There were 16 predictor variables to assess specific motor skills and eight criterion variables to assess successful performance. A canonical correlation analysis was applied in the statistical procedure to determine the relationships (correlations) between these spaces. Correlations were established between the investigated spaces with four pairs of canonical factors, and it has been shown that situational motor skills have high correlations with performance success in the game of football (Can R.=0.71, on average). It is indicated that the participants whose performance in football play was more successful also had better situational motor skills and that the mechanism for structuring movement is shown to be of great importance for the successful performance of tactical and technical elements in football players.
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Van Klaveren, Chris, and Kristof De Witte. "Football to improve math and reading performance." Education Economics 23, no. 5 (February 27, 2014): 577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2014.882293.

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Wright, Craig, Chris Carling, Craig Lawlor, and David Collins. "Elite football player engagement with performance analysis." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 16, no. 3 (December 2016): 1007–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2016.11868945.

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McGuigan, Kevin, Mike Hughes, and Denise Martin. "Performance indicators in club level Gaelic football." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 18, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1517291.

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McIntosh, A. S. "Impact energy attenuation performance of football headgear." British Journal of Sports Medicine 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.5.337.

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Hadley, Lawrence, Marc Poitras, John Ruggiero, and Scott Knowles. "Performance evaluation of National Football League teams." Managerial and Decision Economics 21, no. 2 (2000): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1468(200003)21:2<63::aid-mde964>3.0.co;2-o.

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Heintz, Elizabeth C., Emily F. Foret, and Jeremy J. Foreman. "Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 8, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.4p.19.

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Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) rates are higher in American football than any other sport; therefore, the effects of SRCs on professional football players is a prevalent topic. Previous research has shown that sustaining an SRC has negative financial and overall career outcomes for athletes and may cause performance decrements after an athlete returns to play, however, the results of previous research regarding athlete performance after returning from an SRC are mixed. While some studies found that player performance in the National Football League (NFL) was unaffected upon returning from an SRC, evidence also suggests significant scoring reductions in offensive players. Although previous research has found that NFL running backs and wide receivers perform at levels similar to their performance before sustaining an SRC, little is known about quarterback performance after an SRC. There is also evidence that SRCs decrease neurocognitive performance, a quality that is crucial, especially for quarterbacks. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine changes in NFL quarterback performances upon return to play from an SRC. Method: Quarterback ratings (QBRs) and concussion data from 2012-2015 were used to determine if changes occurred in NFL quarterback performance following an SRC. Results: QBRs decreased by 13.3 points (p = 0.014) after quarterbacks return from an SRC. Conclusions: Changes in on-field performance for NFL quarterbacks after sustaining an SRC could be the result of neurocognitive decrements that impact quick reaction and decision-making skills, which may have greater impacts on quarterbacks than other positions.
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Ferri, Luca, Riccardo Macchioni, Marco Maffei, and Annamaria Zampella. "Financial Versus Sports Performance: The Missing Link." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n3p36.

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This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the financial and the sports performance of Italian football teams. To achieve this aim, a panel data analysis was performed, using financial statements and data from sports results. The panel dataset covers seven seasons (from 2007–2008 to 2013–2014) and 29 clubs that belong to the Italian “Serie A.” The results indicate positive effects between the expenses for football players’ salaries and the clubs’ sports performance but no significant effects between player transfer fees and sports performance.
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Omondi-Ochieng, Peter. "Gold Cup: human resources as sources of competitive advantage and superior performance." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 6, no. 3 (December 3, 2018): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-10-2017-0052.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to evaluate the association between human resources and qualification for the 2017 Gold Cup, and second, to examine if human resources could predict qualification for the 2017 Gold Cup. Design/methodology/approach Guided by four competitive advantage (CA) theories related to the human resources, the study utilized archival data of 35 male Gold Cup national football teams. The dependent variable was qualifications for 2017 Gold Cup and the independent variables were football-specific human capital measured by ranked number of football amateurs, professionals and officials. Statistical analysis was performed using Kendell τ statistic and binary logistic regression (BLR). Findings Qualification for the Gold Cup tournament and all human resources were positively and statistically associated (officials (0.493, p<0.01), amateurs (0.464, p<0.01) and professionals (0.624, p<0.01)), and BLR model (Negelkerke R2) explained 55.8 percent of the variance of human resources. Research limitations/implications The research focused exclusively on football-specific human capital and not alternative sources of CA such as economy power, political stability and/or national football popularity amongst others. Practical implications Human resources are a valuable source of CA which requires long-term strategy geared toward training, development and promotion of talent. Superior football team performance is directly proportional to talented players. Originality/value The study was unique in two ways. First, it made clear the positive significance of human resources as a source of CA. Second, it highlighted the distinction between professional and amateur footballers – a factor uncommon in similar studies.
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Baker, Tegan Alexandra. "Gender, power and identity in women’s long-distance football supporter performance: finding football homes." Gender, Place & Culture 27, no. 11 (January 28, 2020): 1652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2020.1715352.

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Liu, Dongfeng, Rob Wilson, Daniel Plumley, and Xiaofeng Chen. "Perceived corporate social responsibility performance in professional football and its impact on fan-based patronage intentions." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-06-2018-0059.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze fans’ perceptions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of a professional football club, specifically whether or not perceived CSR performances are then likely to influence patronage intentions of the fans in relation to the football club. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the example of a professional football club in China as a case study for data analysis. Based on a sample of 451 home team fans, analysis was conducted through calculation of descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of perceived CSR performance on fans’ patronage intentions. Findings The results revealed that factor 3 (“CSR to customer and employee”) and factor 4 (“Community development and youth education”) were significantly predictive of all the three patronage intention variables, i.e. repeat purchase, word-of-mouth and merchandise consumption. In addition, factor 2 (“charity”) would also affect merchandise consumption intention, but have no effect on any other dimensions. Originality/value A scale measuring perceived CSR performance in professional football clubs by the fans in the Chinese context has been developed. In addition, the authors have identified that the two main CSR factors that would influence fans’ patronage intentions are: “CSR to the customer and employee” and “community development and youth education.” Thus, if football clubs are to use CSR strategically to leverage spend, then it is these two areas that they should focus on, explicitly in relation to CSR activities. This paper adds value to an area that is currently under-researched in respect of CSR activities in Chinese professional football.
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Pitts, Joshua D., and Brent Evans. "Manager impacts on worker performance in American football: Do offensive coordinators impact quarterback performance in the National Football League?" Managerial and Decision Economics 40, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.2985.

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Latif, Rozita Abdul, Muhammad Hasif Ruslan, Adam Linoby, and Muhammad Noor Bin Mohamed. "Differences of Anthropometric Characteristics and Cardiovascular Endurance between U18 Football Players." Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v6i1.32985.

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The main purpose of this study was to examine the differences of anthropometric characteristics and cardiovascular endurance of under 18 football players. Thirty-six football players were involved as respondents. Data were collected using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis monitor scan for evaluating anthropometric characteristics, whereas Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 was used for evaluating cardiovascular endurance. Overall results showed that U18 Akademi Mokhtar Dahari football players had a greater performance compared to Zon Keramat football players. Related to BMI, there was a slight difference between both groups. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in height (p=0.14), trunk (p=0.14), and legs (p=0.84). However, there were significant differences in weight (p=0.01) and Body Mass Index (p=0.02). There were also significant differences in the result of yoyo test, where Akademi Mokhtar Dahari football players had a better performance (p=0.00). It concludes that the Akademi Mokhtar Dahari football players had better results compared to Zon Kermat football players.
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Ates, Osman, Ozlem Kirandi, and Burcak Keskin. "The relationship between the body composition and anaerobic performance of young football players." International Journal of Academic Research 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2017/9-1/a.10.

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Dr.S.Dhanaraj, Dr S. Dhanaraj. "An Influence of Skill Training on Selected Performance Variables of College Football Players." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 4 (January 15, 2012): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/apr2014/67.

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Brook, Stacey. "The impact of team performance and fan interest on NCAA football revenues." Managerial Finance 42, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 902–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2016-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers of NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision total revenues from the 2007 to 2012 seasons. Design/methodology/approach The author uses both ordinary least squares and quantile regression to estimate the impact that winning and lagged attendance have on real total revenue. Findings The author finds that the marginal revenue of winning changes substantially from one end of the conditional distribution to the other end of the conditional distribution but the marginal revenue of lagged attendance is more consistent as compared to winning. Originality/value This will have implications for researchers investigating NCAA football coaches’ salaries and NCAA football player valuation.
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39

Bavlı, Özhan, and Caner Batuhan Koç. "Effect of Different Core Exercises Applied During the Season on Strength and Technical Skills of Young Footballers." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 5 (March 29, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i5.3101.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two different types of core training applied during the season on the strength performance and football technical skills of young footballers. A total of 18 footballers average age was 15±0.8years voluntarily participated in the study. Two different core trainings were applied in addition to football technical skills. Before and after the study, the sit-up, standing long jump, push-up, dribbling, passing and shooting performances of players were observed. Data were assessed with the SPSS. In the dynamic group there were statistically significant improvements in all variables apart from shooting and passing, while the static group had statistically significant development of all variables apart from shooting. The control group only had statistically significant development for sit-up performance. While development sufficient to form significant differences between the variables observed in the experimental groups was not observed, there were significant differences for all variables when compared with the control group apart from shooting performance. In conclusion, footballers with eight-week dynamic and static core training added to in-season football training had similar levels of development in terms of strength and football technical skills, with significant development of strength, dribbling and passing skills when compared to a group without core training. In light of this data, eight-week dynamic and static strength training applied to footballers in the development period may be said to be an effective method to develop abdominal muscle strength and explosive strength performance and to develop dribbling and passing skills unique to football.
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Cookinham, Brittani, Chad Swank, Mark Weber, Ann Medley, and Kelli Brizzolara. "Concussion History, Career Status and Cumulative Years of Football Exposure Influence Concussion Assessment Performance in Elite Football Players." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S17.3—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000581000.90689.48.

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ObjectiveTo explore relationship of concussion history, career status, and cumulative years of contact football exposure on total symptoms, symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and balance in elite football players.Background61% of retired football players report sustaining a concussion during their professional career. However, the influence of concussion history, career status and cumulative years played on total symptoms, symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and balance is largely unexplored.Design/MethodsElite football players (n = 102; age M = 27.75 ± 6.95 years) without a concussion (>30 days) underwent SCAT-3 assessments. Players were placed into a low (0–1) or multiple concussion (2+) history group and categorized by career status (draft prospects, active professional players and retired professional players). Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression and multiple linear regression analyses.Results58.8% of players reported symptoms. Most common symptoms were fatigue (33.3%), trouble falling asleep (31.4%), difficulty remembering (29.4%), and difficulty concentrating (20.6%). Multiple concussions group reported 3.07 times greater total symptoms (p < 0.001), 3.58 times higher symptom severity (p < 0.001), and lower SAC scores (1.42 points) (p = 0.033) compared to low concussion group. Professionals reported 1.88 times greater total symptoms (p = .038) and 2.35 times higher symptom severity compared to draft prospects (p = 0.001). Retired players reported 7.07 times greater total symptoms (p < 0.001), 8.97 times higher symptom severity (p < 0.001), lower SAC scores (1.98 points) (p = 0.025), and 3.67 more m-BESS errors (p = 0.002), compared to draft prospects. Players with 11–19 years football exposure reported 3.83 times higher symptom severity compared to players with <11 years football exposure (p = 0.001). Players with >19 years football exposure had 6.87 times higher symptom severity than players with <11 years football exposure (p < .001).ConclusionsRetired players with multiple concussions and 19+ years of contact football exposure are likely to have more symptoms, higher symptom severity, and lower neurocognitive scores.
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Kittel, Aden, Paul Larkin, Nathan Elsworthy, and Michael Spittle. "Identification of key performance characteristics of elite Australian football umpires." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 4 (May 2019): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119845071.

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This research aimed to present a hierarchy of key attributes for Australian football umpires. Elite Australian football umpires ( n = 19) and their coaches ( n = 5) participated in this study. A list of attributes necessary for sports officiating was obtained from past research and adapted specifically for Australian football umpires. Umpires were required to rate each attribute on a scale of 0–9 (least to most importance), and provide a justification of its importance to performance. A modified questionnaire was developed with attributes removed or added, according to the first survey round. This research identified two cognitive attributes: knowing the laws/interpretations and decision-making as the two highest rated attributes, respectively. Psychological attributes composure and concentration were rated highly by the umpires, ranked as number three and five, respectively. The game skill attribute of teamwork was rated as the fourth highest. Fitness was the only physical attribute to be rated in the most important category. Results highlight the importance of cognitive and psychological attributes to elite performance; however, participant feedback suggests that the integration of all attributes is critical. This knowledge establishes an understanding of the key attributes for expert performance, and this information could be used by coaches for the assessment and development of Australian football umpires.
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Ross, Bailey J., Ian Savage-Elliott, Symone M. Brown, and Mary K. Mulcahey. "Return to Play and Performance After Primary ACL Reconstruction in American Football Players: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 232596712095965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120959654.

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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common sports-related injuries, and they can have a negative impact on players’ ability to return to play (RTP). There is a paucity of literature focused on RTP after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in collision sports. Purpose: To characterize the impact that an ACL injury has on the ability to RTP and the post-ACLR performance level in American football players. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: An electronic search was performed using the following databases: the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Included studies were written in English; were published since the year 2000; examined only American football players; and reported on RTP, performance, and/or career length after primary ACLR. Results: The initial search yielded 442 unique studies. Of these, 427 were removed after screening, leaving 15 studies that met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 studies were identified in these studies’ references, yielding a total of 17. The rate of RTP after ACLR for football players was 67.2% (1249/1859), and the mean time to return was 11.6 months (range, 35.8-55.8 weeks). Although considerable heterogeneity existed in the study design and outcomes measured, in general, a majority of football players experienced greater declines from their preinjury performance level than controls over the same time period. Conclusion: An ACL injury negatively affected football players’ ability to RTP and their post-ACLR performance. The degree of effect varied by several factors, including playing position, preinjury performance level, and National Football League Draft round. These results may be used by physicians and football players to develop reasonable expectations for returning to play and performance after an ACL injury.
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Fujii, Takayuki, Akira Goto, and Haruto Takagishi. "Does facial width-to-height ratio predict Japanese professional football players’ athletic performance?" Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2016.49.

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A number of studies have shown that facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR)—the distance between the two zygomatic arches (width) compared with the distance from the top of the lip to the bottom of the eyebrows (height)—is related to aggressive behavior and is reflective of testosterone levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fWHR and the athletic performance of Japanese professional football players. Photographs of 343 Japanese professional football players were measured for fWHR and compared with the number of penalty cards (yellow and red) acquired by players and goals scored in the 2012 season. The results showed that fWHR was not associated with the number of goals scored in any football position. However, the number of penalty cards acquired was associated with fWHR in the forward offensive position. These findings showed that fWHR is not related to goals scored by Japanese football players, but is related to the penalty cards acquired in the offensive domain.
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Suparna, Suparna, and Tubagus Fathul Rizki Khoironi. "ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN MANCHESTER UNITED PLC SEBELUM DAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Distribusi - Journal of Management and Business 9, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/distribusi.v9i2.180.

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This study aims to compare the factors that affect financial performance between Manchester United Plc and the similar industries by examinating financial ratios trends before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The object under study was the Manchester United football club, while the industry average used the six biggest football clubs in the English Premier League, such as Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. This study used a literature study method by collecting relevant data and information according to the topics discussed through various literatures. In addition, this study also using financial ratio indicators that were applied to the football industry to measure the financial performance of a football club. The data used were secondary data in the form of company financial statements from 2018 to 2020 from the company's official website. The results of this study conclude that Manchester United's financial performance tends to decrease,, especially in profitability due to the postponement of the competition during the Covid-19 pandemic. On the other hand, Manchester United's financial performance was stated to be good in terms of efficient management of employee payroll expenses and sponsorship contract revenues. Therefore, investors need to review the condition of football clubs based on financial ratios before making investment decisions on football clubs.
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45

Rowson, Steven, Ray W. Daniel, and Stefan M. Duma. "Biomechanical performance of leather and modern football helmets." Journal of Neurosurgery 119, no. 3 (September 2013): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.jns121735.

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With the increased national concern about concussions in football, recent research has focused on evaluating the impact performance of modern football helmets. Specifically, this technical note offers a biomechanical analysis of classic leather helmets compared with modern helmets. Furthermore, modern helmets were examined to illustrate the performance differences between the better- and worse-performing ones. A total of 1224 drop tests were performed from a range of drop heights and impact locations on 11 different helmet types (10 modern and 1 leather helmet model). The resulting head acceleration was used to assess the risk of concussion for each drop test. The results of this analysis demonstrate that modern helmets are significantly and substantially superior to leather helmets in all impact scenarios, and that notable differences exist among modern helmets.
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46

Kavussanu, Maria, and Christopher M. Spray. "Contextual Influences on Moral Functioning of Male Youth Footballers." Sport Psychologist 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.20.1.1.

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This study examined the network of relationships among moral atmosphere, perceived performance motivational climate, and moral functioning of male youth football players. Participants were 325 footballers recruited from 24 teams of a youth football league. They responded to scenarios describing cheating and aggressive behaviors likely to occur during a football game by indicating their moral judgment, intention, and behavior, which represented moral functioning. The moral atmosphere of the team and participants’ perceptions of the team’s performance motivational climate were also measured. Structural equation modeling indicated that perceptions of an atmosphere condoning cheating and aggressive behaviors were associated with views that a performance motivational climate is salient in the team, while both moral atmosphere and perceived performance climate corresponded to low levels of moral functioning in football. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for eliminating unsportsmanlike conduct from sport.
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Ai, Kun, Racek Oldrich, Hai Tan, and Peng Xu. "Sustainable Innovation in Football Referee Training in Czech Republic." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072821.

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Professional football has been recently characterized by an increase in game speed and complexity. From this, it follows that football referees also need to improve their skills to keep up with players and adequately respond in various disputed situations. The purpose of this work is to increase the performance indicators of physical fitness and activity of referees during the annual cycle. Most referees prefer the game method. For a football referee or referee’s assistant during a game, physical activity is similar to that of runners/athletes. Football referees are engaged in performance that is more intense, as compared to their assistants, at the international level especially. Such conditions are close to extreme and are characterized by an intense physical load dictated by game duration. This study suggested using athletics in comprehensive sustainable training of football referees. As it turned out, athletics-based training significantly improved the motor activity of football referees.
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48

Pappalardo, Luca, Alessio Rossi, Michela Natilli, and Paolo Cintia. "Explaining the difference between men’s and women’s football." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): e0255407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255407.

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Women’s football is gaining supporters and practitioners worldwide, raising questions about what the differences are with men’s football. While the two sports are often compared based on the players’ physical attributes, we analyze the spatio-temporal events during matches in the last World Cups to compare male and female teams based on their technical performance. We train an artificial intelligence model to recognize if a team is male or female based on variables that describe a match’s playing intensity, accuracy, and performance quality. Our model accurately distinguishes between men’s and women’s football, revealing crucial technical differences, which we investigate through the extraction of explanations from the classifier’s decisions. The differences between men’s and women’s football are rooted in play accuracy, the recovery time of ball possession, and the players’ performance quality. Our methodology may help journalists and fans understand what makes women’s football a distinct sport and coaches design tactics tailored to female teams.
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Bina, Alexander J., Gregory S. Batt, and John D. DesJardins. "A review of laboratory methods and results used to evaluate protective headgear in American football." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 4 (March 12, 2018): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118759360.

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As head trauma becomes more firmly associated with American football, research has focused on improving the impact performance of protective headgear. Since helmet use became mandatory in 1939–1940, both helmet design and laboratory methods used to evaluate helmet impact performance have evolved. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this article analyzes the impact results from laboratory evaluations of helmet performance, including a look at the evolution of protective headgear performance in football. In total, 35 separate studies conducted between 1975 and 2017 were used to examine current testing methodologies and reported impact results from headgear performance laboratory assessments. This review showed that the evolution in helmet design over the last 50 years has resulted in a decrease in linear and rotational acceleration of an impacted headform. The most common laboratory methods used to reconstruct football-specific head impacts included (1) linear drop methods, (2) pendulum methods, and (3) pneumatic ram methods. Each method provided greater understanding of helmet impact performance, helmet design, and use in football, with each method having specific limitations in the evaluation of protective headgear performance.
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Bergman, Stephen A., and Trevon D. Logan. "Revenue per Quality of College Football Recruit." Journal of Sports Economics 21, no. 6 (May 15, 2020): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002520921223.

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There is significant debate about compensation of college athletes in revenue generating sports. In college football, the potential heterogeneity in player value has received little attention in the discussion. The relationship between player quality, team performance, and sport-specific revenue should inform any compensation scheme for college football players. In this article, we provide estimates of player monetary value in college football. This is the first study to exploit player-specific ex ante recruit ratings, team performance, and football-specific revenue and profit (revenue net of expenditures) to infer player valuations. This allows us to estimate value for players whose performance can be difficult to measure given traditional sport metrics. We use a unique data set which records individual recruits by ex ante star rating annually for every Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) school and combine that data with data on team performance, bowl appearances by type, and football-specific revenue. Using a valuation approach which links player-specific quality to team performance and subsequently to revenue, we infer the value of recruits by their ex ante recruit rating. We estimate that five-star recruits increase annual revenue by US$650,000, four-star recruits increase revenue by roughly US$350,000, and three-star recruits increase revenue by US$150,000. Two-star recruits, however, are negatively related to revenue and profit, with two-star athletes reducing annual revenue by US$13,000. Overall, our results imply that player valuations are heterogeneous and that ex ante ratings of player quality are strongly related to school-specific football revenue and profit and may be predictive measures in a compensation scheme.
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