Journal articles: 'Football – Sociologie'

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Smith, Andy. "L'Europe, le football et la sociologie politique." Politique européenne 36, no. 1 (2012): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/poeu.036.0150.

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Nuytens, Williams, Nicolas Penin, and Grégoire Duvant. "Les pleins pouvoirs ? Éléments de sociologie des arbitres de football en France." Déviance et Société 44, no. 1 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ds.441.0083.

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Demazière, Didier, and Williams Nuytens. "Que faire avec des matériaux incertains ? Le cas d’une sociologie des violences dans le football amateur." Staps 122, no. 4 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sta.122.0031.

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Delobelle, A. "Nuytens Williams, Préface de Didier Demazière, La popularité du football. Sociologie des supporters à Lens et à Lille." Recherches sociologiques et anthropologiques 37, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rsa.600.

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Lorenzo, Philippe. "Williams Nuytens, La popularité du football, sociologie des supporters à Lens et à Lille. Arras, Artois Presse Université, 2004, 391 p., bibliogr." Anthropologie et Sociétés 29, no. 3 (2005): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012629ar.

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Fontaine, Marion. "Ludovic Lestrelin, L’autre public des matchs de football. Sociologie des supporters à distance de l’Olympique de Marseille.Paris, Éditions de l’EHESS, 2010, 380 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 68, no. 4 (December 2013): 1201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900015389.

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Gilbert, Daniel A. "The Gridiron and the Gray Flannel Suit: NFL Football and the Modern U.S. Workplace." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518756850.

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Examining three critical periods of transformation in the history of professional football in the United States, this article demonstrates the centrality of the workplace to the development of the National Football League (NFL). The article argues that the NFL originated in the welfare capitalism of the early 1920s; that mass-mediated narratives about corporate management drove pro football’s coming-of-age in the 1950s and 1960s; and that fantasy football—the NFL’s most distinctive new form of spectatorship in the age of digital capitalism—positioned fans as imaginary managers of human capital. Taken together, these three pivotal moments demonstrate the inextricable links between changes in professional sports and transformations in the organization of work.

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Brewer, Benjamin D. "The commercial transformation of world football and the North–South divide: A global value chain analysis." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 4 (July 24, 2017): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217721176.

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This paper takes a world-systemic perspective on global football seen through the lens of the Global North–South political–economic divide that has long motivated development studies. After synthesizing an historical account of the commercial transformation of world football since the mid-1970s, the paper considers the organization and operation of the world football economy using the analytical construct of the “global value chains” perspective. The analysis identifies two distinct football governance structures that broadly correspond to the “producer-driven” and “buyer-driven” governance structures long identified by commodity/value chain scholars, and that imply different flows of resources across world football’s North–South divide. The paper concludes by considering implications of the value chain governance structures for both the value chains and sports studies literatures.

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Antonowicz, Dominik, Honorata Jakubowska, and Radosław Kossakowski. "Marginalised, patronised and instrumentalised: Polish female fans in the ultras’ narratives." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218782828.

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Since the 1990s there has been a growing number of female supporters following football clubs and there is little doubt that they have recently become an important part of the audience for both football authorities and clubs. The process of football’s feminisation is neither simple nor is it taking place in a social vacuum, and female fans are encountering well-institutionalised football fandom culture, which is deeply entrenched in stadium rituals. This paper offers an empirical study of roles assigned to women in football fandom culture and the way in which this has been done in order reproduce a “traditional” social order on the Polish football stands. In doing so, it examines the grass-roots ultras’ magazine To My Kibice (We are the fans) that belongs to an increasingly popular type of fan magazine, which was developed from popular homemade football fanzines in the 1980s. The analyses provide evidence that female supporters are either marginalised (not being counted as regular fans), patronised or instrumentalised by their male peers. These strategies are visible both in language and in the social contexts in which women on the stands are described.

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Jones, Luke, and Jim Denison. "Challenge and relief: A Foucauldian disciplinary analysis of retirement from professional association football in the United Kingdom." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 8 (January 15, 2016): 924–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215625348.

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The aim of this study was to consider the retirement experiences of British male professional association footballers by utilising Foucault’s analysis of discipline discussed in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Specifically, we drew upon Foucault to consider how, through the various techniques and instruments of discipline, the professional football context produces ‘docile footballing bodies’ and how this might influence a player’s experiences in retirement. We gathered our empirical material using a Foucauldian-informed interview framework with 25 former professional male football players between the ages of 21 and 34. Our analysis suggested that retirement from football was both a challenge and a relief for our participants, and that their extended period of time within football’s strong disciplinary apparatus significantly influenced how they experienced their retirement.

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García, Borja, and Ramón Llopis-Goig. "Club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists: A quantitative governance-based typology of football supporters." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 8 (August 22, 2019): 1116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690219868661.

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This article presents a quantitative typology of football fans’ attitudes towards governance. Data collection is done through an online survey in six European countries: France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Results reveal the existence of five types of supporters: club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists. The critics, moderns and globalists fans share a preoccupation for football governance problems but differ in the intensity of their views. At the same time, critics and globalists are heavy consumers of football games and merchandise. The results suggest that existing fan typologies that understand supporters in dichotomic terms of authenticity or consumerism fail to explain the complex reality of a game that has developed new structures over recent decades. Existing typologies need to be superseded in favour of a more multi-disciplinary approach that integrates a governance turn to inform a more nuanced and better understanding of football’s social reality.

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Cashmore, Ellis, and Jamie Cleland. "Glasswing Butterflies." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 35, no. 4 (August 25, 2011): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723511420163.

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Only one association football (soccer) player in history has declared his homosexuality during his professional active playing career. Before or since that player’s death in 1998, no other professional footballer player has come out. The prohibitively traditional culture of association football is popularly regarded as being responsible for this. Fans habitually use homophobic epithets to abuse players. In recent years, England’s governing organizations have cautiously addressed this state of affairs, though ineffectually. The present study uses online methods to explore fans’ and industry professionals’ perspectives on gay players and the impact their failure to come out has had on the sport. The article, which is based on the responses of 3,500 participants, seeks to answer three questions: (1) Why do fans, who urge gay players to come out, use homophobic language to barrack players? (2) If gay players disclosed their sexual orientations publicly what effect would this have on them personally, on football culture generally and on conceptions of masculinity in sports? (3) What prevents gay football players coming out? The overwhelming majority (93%) of participants in the study oppose homophobia and explained the homophobic abuse as good-humored banter or, in their argot, “stick.” An unusual logic is employed to make this intelligible. Participants argue that an athlete’s ability to play football is the only criterion on which he is judged and his sexuality is of little consequence to their evaluations. Although few participants encourage forcible outing, the majority welcome openly gay players, whose impact would be transformative. Football clubs and agents are cited as the principal impediments to a more open and enlightened environment: participants argue that they pressure gay players to keep their sexuality hidden and so contribute to a culture of secrecy, which permits and perhaps commissions continued homophobic abuse. Participants speculate that the continued absence of openly gay players actually reproduces the apparent prejudices. One fan concludes, “The homophobia in football will remain for longer if no gay players come out.”

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Velema, Thijs A. "A game of snakes and ladders: Player migratory trajectories in the global football labor market." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 6 (December 21, 2016): 706–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216679967.

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Globalization theorists have typically described the post-Bosman football labor market as an amalgam of global value-added chains funneling players from (semi-)peripheral countries to Europe’s core leagues. However, due to their cross-sectional design, most globalization studies actually do not observe the longitudinal migratory trajectories through which players move towards, within and out of football’s global core. To fill this lacuna, this study examines a unique longitudinal dataset of 4730 complete careers of male professional football players and identifies four characteristics of their migratory trajectories: (1) recurrent mobility; (2) domestic careers for 60% of the players and frequent cross-border transfers for the other 40%; (3) clear career progress towards the top teams for the elite 10% of players and circulation for the other 90%; (4) a highly skewed distribution of transfer fees leading top teams to earn and spend the bulk of transfer fees. This suggests that football’s labor market is somewhat like a game of snakes and ladders in which an elite minority of players seems to be moving in tightly managed global value-added chains towards the top teams. However, the migratory channels through which the majority of players moves are much more porous, two-directional and complex than usually suggested in the literature.

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Yilmaz, Serhat, James Esson, Paul Darby, Eleanor Drywood, and Carolynne Mason. "Children’s rights and the regulations on the transfer of young players in football." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218786665.

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Children who interact with football’s recruitment and transfer processes encounter a complex web of regulations and practices. Debates over how to ensure that the interests and well-being of young football players are adequately protected, and that risks to their rights and welfare are identified and addressed, have become a topic of academic, political and media concern. This commentary article provides an overview of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) regulations concerning the mobility and representation of minors in player recruitment processes, in particular the Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players and the Regulations on Working with Intermediaries. We examine these regulations through the lens of the United Nations Children’s Rights Conventions (UNCRC). In so doing, the article demonstrates how football’s regulatory frameworks and commercial practices inadvertently yield consequences that operate against the best interests of children involved in the sport. To counteract this, it is proposed that all planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of regulations involving the recruitment and transfer of young people should be explicitly informed by globally accepted standards of children’s rights, such as the UNCRC. More specifically, it is argued that FIFA should adopt an approach that places the child at the centre of regulatory frameworks and characterises the child as a ‘rights holder’.

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Armstrong, Gary, and James Rosbrook-Thompson. "Terrorizing defences: Sport in the Liberian civil conflict." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47, no. 3 (February 3, 2012): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690211433480.

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The democratically elected President of Liberia was between 1997 and 2004 also the country’s ‘Chief Patron of Sport’. Enjoying tennis more than team games, the one-time President, Charles Taylor, realized that the electorate’s enthusiasm for the game of football meant that the game could be a useful vehicle with which to associate. As well as funding the salaries of the national ‘Lone Star’ football team, Taylor also sponsored a football team in the national league drawn from his personal militia known as the ‘Anti-Terrorist Unit’ (ATU). Prone to random murder by night, the same players, out of their recognizable uniform and in match kit, respected the rules of the game and the position of the referee. Others seeking the same sporting enjoyment were, when on the field of play in 2003, captured and forced to join the Presidential militia when rebel forces sought to overthrow Taylor. Players of another team – mainly children – were killed mid-match when a rocket-propelled grenade – origins contested – landed in their midst. The Liberian nation’s most famous citizen and one-time FIFA World Footballer of the Year, George Weah, twice fled the country in terror, once when threatened by the forces of the President, and again years later when an angry mob of irate football supporters blamed him for their national football team’s failure to qualify for the World Cup Finals. There was no shortage of incidents in Liberia in the aforementioned years that could be classed as ‘terrorist’ and indeed terrifying; sporting practice at times exemplified the alternatives available to conflict, yet at other times it accentuated the fault lines in what BBC political journalist Fergal Keane famously called Africa’s ‘basket case’.

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Velema, Thijs A., Han-Yu Wen, and Yu-Kai Zhou. "Global value added chains and the recruitment activities of European professional football teams." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218796771.

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This paper examines where European professional teams recruit new players in order to shed light on the functioning of global value added chains in world football. Most studies either point to the increasing internationalization of football’s labor force to argue that European clubs recruit from peripheral but culturally or historically related countries or turn to the experiences of players with domestic transfers to suggest that most teams recruit within their country. This study directly examines the recruitment activities of teams active in the highest two leagues of Europe’s top seven countries between the 2003/2004 season and the 2011/2012 season. Results indicate that even though Europe’s football labor force looks internationalized at first sight, many international players hold dual nationality and might be more aptly characterized as domestic players who are members of the large immigrant communities who came to Europe after the de-colonization of former colonies or as part of the stream of labor migrants in the 1960s and 1970s. Moreover, for most teams, domestic mobility forms the backbone of their recruitment activities, but some teams, especially in Portugal, buy football talent from teams in the global South and sell their best players to larger European teams. These results urge researchers to reconsider teams as more myopic and geographically bounded actors in global value added chains, incorporate domestic mobility into global value added chains, reconsider what counts as the core and the (semi-)periphery connected through the chains, and be wary of approaches taking countries or even leagues as the basic unit of analysis in global value added chains.

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Duke, Vic, and Liz Crolley. "Football Spectator Behaviour in Argentina: A Case of Separate Evolution." Sociological Review 44, no. 2 (May 1996): 272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1996.tb00425.x.

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There has been a separate and distinctive evolution of football related violence in Argentina. Fighting between rival gangs of fans in Argentina developed independently and considerably in advance of the modern phenomenon of football hooliganism in Britain. This case is argued using Argentine sources not previously translated into English. The distinctive features of Argentine football violence are described and the main differences in relation to England are outlined. Of paramount importance are the explicit political links of Argentine football clubs. Organised football preceeded democratic politics in Argentina which resulted in the new political parties utilising the football infrastructure of neighbourhood-based clubs. The death rate associated with Argentine football is significantly higher than in England, and the role of the police is more negative in Argentina. In the conclusion a framework is proposed for the comparative and historical analysis of football related violence.

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Kelly, Peter, and Christopher Hickey. "Professional identity in the global sports entertainment industry." Journal of Sociology 46, no. 1 (September 21, 2009): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783309337671.

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In this article we discuss the ways in which the professional identity of Australian Football League (AFL) footballers — in a physical, high body contact sport — is shaped by concerns to develop different aspects of the body, mind and soul of the young men who want to become AFL footballers. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s later work on the care of the self we argue that narratives of identity necessarily involve a struggle for the body, mind and soul of these young men. Foucault’s work enables us to identify and analyse how relations of power, forms of regulation and arts of governing interact in ongoing attempts to develop the professional footballer. The article explores these issues via an analysis of the rationalities and techniques that inform talent identification and player management practices; and risk management in relation to these practices and processes in the AFL.

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Hoffman, Shirl J., and Gary Armstrong. "Football Hooligans." Contemporary Sociology 28, no. 2 (March 1999): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2654872.

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Millward, Peter. "Rivalries and Racisms: ‘Closed’ and ‘Open’ Islamophobic Dispositions Amongst Football Supporters." Sociological Research Online 13, no. 6 (November 2008): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1816.

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Racism in football has been the topic of much academic discussion. However, the issue of Islamophobic racism has received very little attention. This article looks at Middlesbrough FC and Newcastle United FC fan discussions around the ‘Mido affair’ in August 2007 to consider the issue and uses this evidence to discuss the effectiveness of the football Faith Summit's policy suggestions to combat Islamophobia in football. The unfolding argument is that Middlesbrough FC and Newcastle United FC both use ‘open’ and ‘closed’ Islamophobic positions opportunistically to express their feelings of rivalry toward each other and the emergent policy suggestions are that the football authorities should seek to work with football fans, rather than potentially punish them, in order to reduce anti-Muslim sentiment in spectator football.

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McGlynn, Joseph, Rebecca D. Boneau, and Brian K. Richardson. "“It Might Also Be Good for Your Brain”: Cognitive and Social Benefits That Motivate Parents to Permit Youth Tackle Football." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723520903226.

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Concussions in youth sports are a rising health concern. Between 1.7- and 3-million concussions occur each year in youth sport and recreation settings. This qualitative study investigated how parents assess the physical and social risks of allowing their children to participate in tackle football. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 sets of parents ( N = 24) who had permitted their middle school aged children to play on tackle football teams. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, findings illustrate the complex risk decisions parents must make regarding football participation. Although parents in our study acknowledged the risk of concussions, they identified cognitive and social benefits of football participation that shaped positive attitudes toward football outcomes. Participants also noted social factors that limited control over their children’s football participation, including community pressures. The findings indicate key factors that motivate football enrollment, as parents must consider competing goals for their child of protection and development. Future research directions, theoretical implications, and practical applications are discussed.

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Roderick, Martin, Richard Haynes, and Stephen Wagg. "The Football Imagination: The Rise of Football Fanzine Culture." British Journal of Sociology 47, no. 4 (December 1996): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591092.

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Beissel, Adam S. "Transnational Corporations of Football Kin: Migration, Labor Flow, and the American Samoa MIRAB Economy." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 1 (August 9, 2019): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519867684.

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In the U.S. territory of American Samoa, gridiron football has emerged as an important driver of a stock-flow relationship in which the stock of overseas-resident migrant athletic laborers sustains the flow of remittances to their extended family in their homeland. Within this article, I consider the significance of gridiron football within American Samoa’s MIRAB ( Migration, Remittances, Aid and Bureaucracy) economy, a model of Pacific Island microeconomies characterized by migration, remittances, foreign aid, and public bureaucracy. Based on a series of personal interviews with high school football players between the ages of 15 and 18 years on the Eastern football team squad, as well as more than a dozen coaches, parents, educator, and directors associated with the production of American Samoan High School football ( n = 60), I critically examine the social, cultural, and economic determinants involved in the collective decision-making process of footballers to emigrate to the U.S. mainland. I find that family units in the American Samoa operate as, to rephrase Bertram and Watters, transnational corporations of football kin, working collectively to develop and train skilled football laborers toward the accumulation of various forms of economic and social remittances for the benefit of the individual and extended family unit. More broadly, gridiron football in American Samoa produces a stock-flow relationship whereby a stock of Samoan gridiron footballers migrates to U.S. colleges and universities to support the flow of remittances and aid that sustains the island’s MIRAB economy.

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Larissa Medeiros de, SOUZA, MAUX Ana Andréa Barbosa, and REBOUCAS Melina Séfora Souza. "Impedimento? Possibilidades de Relação entre a Mulher e o Futebol." PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES-Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica 25, no. 3 (2019): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18065/rag.2019v25n3.7.

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Cleland, Jamie, and Ellis Cashmore. "Football fans’ views of racism in British football." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 51, no. 1 (October 22, 2013): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690213506585.

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Doidge, Mark. "“Either Everyone Was Guilty or Everyone Was Innocent”1: The Italian Power Elite, Neopatrimonialism, and the Importance of Social Relations." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 2 (January 13, 2018): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723517751606.

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Rarely does the Byzantine world of football administration get exposed as clearly as during the 2006 calciopoli scandal. This scandal laid bare the interpersonal relationships of football administrators at the top three Italian men’s football clubs: Juventus, Inter, and AC Milan. This article draws on the media leaks that revealed the inner workings of those working within football to argue that the football clubs are pyramids of power for club presidents that allows them to operate within the Italian power elite. This is done through interpersonal clientelistic networks that operate within a neopatrimonial system. Theoretically, this article draws on four main concepts: C. Wright Mills’s concept of the Power Elite, Lomnitz’s model of “Pyramids of Power,” Eisenstadt’s notion of neopatrimonialism, and Mauss’s utilization of the gift. Power is exercised through quid pro quo relationships, with certain key individuals operating as brokers to the flow of favors throughout the network.

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Washington, Robert E. "Globalization and Football." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 5 (September 2010): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110380384q.

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Androus, Zachary T., and Lorenzo Giudici. "The Deprofessionalization of Football: The People’s Football Movement in Italy." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 3 (February 14, 2018): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518759021.

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The movement in Italy known as calcio popolare, or people’s football, is characterized by the organization of fan owned and managed football teams in local divisions. Growing out of the Italian ultrà phenomenon, calcio popolare marks a fifth phase in the history of the ultrà movement, expressing the alienation from heavily commercialized mass-market professional football felt by fans. This article draws on the authors’ direct experience with CS Lebowski, one of the oldest and most successful of the calcio popolare teams, to illustrate the ways in which these teams present implicit and explicit challenges to the current degree of commercialization that characterizes professional football.

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Sondaal, Tiest. "Football’s grobalization or globalization? The lessons of Liverpool Football Club’s evolution in the Premier League era." Soccer & Society 14, no. 4 (July 2013): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.810432.

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Goldblatt, David. "Football arte." Soccer & Society 12, no. 1 (December 13, 2010): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2011.530456.

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Ben Porat, Amir. "Football 'Made in Israel'." Israel Studies Review 34, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2019.340302.

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This article reviews the history of Israeli football from 1948 to the present and argues that Israeli football is ‘made in Israel’ according to the particular historical opportunities that determine the ‘relative autonomy’ of the game in a given period. The first part deals with a period (the 1950s) in which football was subject to politics, the dominant force in Israeli society at the time. During that period, Israeli football was organized by three sports federations, each affiliated with a different political camp. The second part deals with the period from 1990 to the present, in which football clubs were privatized and players became commodities. The contrast between these two periods highlights how the political-economic milieu set effective limits on the structure and practice of Israeli football.

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Dietschy, Paul. "Making football global? FIFA, Europe, and the non-European football world, 1912–74." Journal of Global History 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2013): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000223.

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AbstractThe Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) played a major role in the transformation of association football into a global game. Between 1912 and 1974, before the era of rapid economic sports globalization, FIFA officials attempted to extend the boundaries of the football empire by creating the World Cup and trying to convert new parts of the world to the people's game. It was not an easy task since they met with resistance, obstruction, and contestation. They had to revise their Eurocentric way of thinking and be willing to negotiate. Far from being a mere imperialist process, the path to world football consisted of a series of exacting exchanges and mutual misunderstandings, especially with the South American associations. It is not clear that FIFA officials always understood the demands of the developing football world but they were often able to negotiate and adapt their discourses towards non-European national associations and continental confederations. By doing so, they helped to create, if not an equal football world, at least an international world space.

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Hargrave, Russell. "Football Fans and Football History: A Review Essay." Soccer & Society 8, no. 2-3 (March 26, 2007): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970701224459.

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Cleland, Jamie, Rory Magrath, and Edward Kian. "The Internet as a Site of Decreasing Cultural Homophobia in Association Football." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x16663261.

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This article analyzes 5,128 comments from thirty-five prominent football fan online message boards located across the United Kingdom and 978 online comments in response to a Guardian newspaper article regarding the decision by former German international footballer, Thomas Hitzlsperger, to publicly come out as gay in January 2014. Adopting the theoretical framework of inclusive masculinity theory, the findings demonstrate almost universal inclusivity through the rejection of homophobia and frequent contestation of comments that express orthodox views. From a period of high homophobia during the 1980s and 1990s, just 2 percent of the 6,106 comments contained pernicious homophobic intent. Rather than allow for covert homophobic hate speech toward those with a different sexual orientation, 98 percent of the comments illustrate a significant decrease in cultural homophobia than was present when Justin Fashanu came out in 1990.

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Ndlovu, Sifiso Mxolisi. "FIFA and the South Africa question: The 1976/1977 football unity talks and their impact on the development of professional football in South Africa." International Area Studies Review 16, no. 3 (September 2013): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865913500660.

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The football unity talks which formally began in October 1976 were important because sport was integral to the debate about the national question in South Africa. At the time, football as a sport code was designated in negative and racist undertones as a ‘sport for blacks’ and rugby, golf, athletics, hockey, cricket and swimming were regarded as sporting codes reserved for white South Africans. These sports benefited immensely in terms of generous funding, infrastructure and facilities provided by the apartheid regime. This paper will be based on the following themes. First, it will focus on the broad legislative measures which reinforced separate development and racism in South Africa and how these laws impacted on the development of sport. Second, it will scrutinize the role of the multilateral, worldwide antiapartheid movement and boycott movement, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and the Confederation of African Football (CAF) in using football sanctions as a tool to fight apartheid and racism in sport. Third, the football unity talks of 1976 will be analysed. This discussion will focus on issues inside the boardroom, the football field and what took place outside the boardroom and off the football field. Lastly, the impact of the unity on the players and the public at large-including the development of professional football since 1976 will be reviewed. A major theme which runs through the different sections is defined by the use and abuse of football as a tool for public and sport diplomacy. This was because the football unity talks in South Africa were as a result of what was taking place in the world of international, continental, national and local politics.

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Sullivan, Jonathan, Simon Chadwick, and Michael Gow. "China’s Football Dream: Sport, Citizenship, Symbolic Power, and Civic Spaces." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43, no. 6 (August 5, 2019): 493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519867588.

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This article examines the mobilization of football in relation to Chinese state-building projects. Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of “symbolic power” is applied to frame policy analysis of China’s 2016-2050 National Football Plan and narrative analysis of developments within China’s rapidly expanding football sector. The extensive mobilization of national, provincial, and local government institutions forms spaces for civic participation in state-building projects through direct participation in football. These civic spaces allow for active citizenship engagement with state projects and for expressions of consensus and participation with the Chinese Dream while also limiting potential for competing cultural movements to emerge. This article argues that such developments are driven primarily for socio-political objectives with the aim of fostering shared notions of citizenship through the medium of sport.

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Trujillo, Nick. "Machines, Missiles, and Men: Images of the Male Body on Abc’s Monday Night Football." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.4.403.

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This paper examines how images of the male body are reproduced in media coverage of professional football. Specifically, it examines television coverage of football games broadcast during the 1993–1994 season on ABC’s Monday Night Football, paying special attention to the discourse of sportscasters Al Michaels, Frank Gifford, and Dan Dierdorf and to the production techniques (eg., camera angles, slow-motion replays, etc.) of the program. Guided by a critical orientation, the paper examines how three patriarchal images of the male body and football, and the resulting paradoxes, are reproduced on Monday Night Football, including (a) the body as tool: football as work, (b) the body as weapon: football as war, and (c) the body as object of gaze: (watching) football as pleasure.

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Gyorgi. "Football Crazy." Index on Censorship 31, no. 3 (July 2002): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220208537082.

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Guy, Shlomit. "Go West." Israel Studies Review 34, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2019.340304.

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This article discusses the transformations in Israeli football over the last two decades, exploring the top-down and bottom-up motivations present in local football and characterizing foreign practices as more Western, or even more ‘civilized’, as Norbert Elias would describe it. Yet, the transformations of English and European football over the last three decades suggest that ‘Western’ is not so much a geographic term as it is a political, moral, and social status, one requiring English, European, and Israeli football to make dedicated political and cultural investments in numerous arenas.

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Chorbajian, Levon, Patrick Murphy, John Williams, and Eric Dunning. "Football on Trial: Spectator Violence and Development in the Football World." Contemporary Sociology 21, no. 1 (January 1992): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2074788.

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Darby, Paul, Gerard Akindes, and Matthew Kirwin. "Football Academies and the Migration of African Football Labor to Europe." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31, no. 2 (May 2007): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723507300481.

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Jary, David, John Horne, and Tom Bucke. "Football ‘Fanzines’ and Football Culture: A Case of Successful ‘Cultural Contestation’." Sociological Review 39, no. 3 (August 1991): 581–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1991.tb00868.x.

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Dmowski, Seweryn, and Piotr Załęski. "Authoethnography in the study of football fan culture. Theoretical and methodological reflections by way of football rivarly research." Human Affairs 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2021-0027.

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Abstract The article reflects on the use of autoethnography in researching football fan culture. It identifies the benefits and challenges of using autoethnography as a strategy and a research method for understanding football fan culture. Despite numerous examples of the use of autoethnography in football research, including supporter studies, it has yet to be considered from a strictly theoretical perspective on the methodological dilemmas of the researcher–football fan. The article critically analyses the entire process of autoethnographic research, which led to the conceptualisation of a research project on perceptions of football competitions. This paper is the result of a clash between a junior scientist’s original research concept and a more experienced ethnographic researcher’s critical approach and reflects the discussion between them. The authors believe that the conclusions reached may be helpful for researchers in the field of humanities and social sciences considering using autoethnography in their research.

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Magrath, Rory. "‘To Try and Gain an Advantage for My Team’: Homophobic and Homosexually Themed Chanting among English Football Fans." Sociology 52, no. 4 (May 10, 2017): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038517702600.

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Association football (soccer) fans are becoming increasingly liberal in their attitudes towards homosexuality. However, the continued presence of homosexually themed chanting – normally interpreted as evidence of homophobia by footballing authorities – has received little academic attention. Through 30 semi-structured interviews with 30 male football fans of various English football clubs, this article uses McCormack’s model of homosexually themed language to investigate the prevalence, triggers and interpretation of this chanting. It highlights that, despite unanimous acceptance of homosexuality, all but five participants engaged in homosexually themed chanting. This was predominantly facilitated by the nature of sporting competition and matches involving rival clubs. Alongside a variety of perceived weaknesses, fans interpreted these chants as a way of attempting to benefit one’s team. Accordingly, this research highlights a discursive gap between fans’ inclusive attitudes and their practice of chanting homosexually themed language inside football stadia.

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Hjelm, Jonny. "The bad female football player: women's football in Sweden." Soccer & Society 12, no. 2 (March 2011): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2011.548352.

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Bar-On, T. "The Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America." Sociological Research Online 2, no. 4 (December 1997): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.127.

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In this article, I attempt to highlight the relationships between football (soccer), politics, culture, and social change in Latin American societies. The essential argument of the paper is that football in Latin America has tended to reinforce nationalistic, authoritarian, class-based, and gender-specific notions of identity and culture. The few efforts of Latin American professional football clubs, individual players, and fans to resist these oppressive tendencies and ‘positively’ influence the wider society with public positions on pressing social and political concerns have been issue-oriented, short-term, and generally unsystematic in their assessment of the larger societal ills. In Europe, however, there has been a stronger politicization of football directed towards social change by both professional football clubs and supporters. This European tendency, like its Latin American counterparts, has also failed to tackle wider systemic and structural issues in capitalist European societies. On both continents, the ‘ludic’ notion of games has been undermined by the era of football professionalism, its excessive materialism, and a corresponding ‘win-at-all-costs’ philosophy. In the future, the world's most popular game will continue to be utilized as a political tool of mass manipulation and social control: a kind of mass secular pagan religion. As a footnote not mentioned in the essay, the 1998 World Cup in France, a worldwide event with 32 countries and an estimated 2.5 billion fans watching the matches in the stadiums and on television, will be used by the international French Evangelical Alliance called ‘Sport et Foi Mondial 98’ (‘Sport and Faith World Cup 98’) to bring the Gospel to the greatest number of people in the world: Chaplaincy work among the athletes, a Bible-Expo at a strategic location, evangelical street concerts, evangelical messages and banners in the stadiums, etc. In this instance, the new pagan and secular religion of football clashes with the traditional Christian Church - itself crippled by a loss of mass supporters and the rise of alternative secular lords. In both cases, football unwittingly acts as an agent of mass indoctrination rather than challenging established dogmas, or serving as a vehicle for deeper, systemic social change.

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FEIXA, CARLES, and JEFFREY S. JURIS. "Football cultures." Social Anthropology 8, no. 2 (January 19, 2007): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2000.tb00129.x.

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Putra, Linggar Rama Dian. "“Your Neighbors Walk Alone (YNWA)”: Urban Regeneration and the Predicament of Being Local Fans in the Commercialized English Football League." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518800433.

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This article focuses on the changing nature of English football and the shifting relationship between a club and its supporters in the latest era of football commercialization, taking Liverpool Football Club (FC) and its surrounding community in Anfield, Liverpool, England, as an example. The changing nature of English football since the 1990s has forced Liverpool FC to treat its social environment from a commercial perspective. Recently, this trend has been aggravated by Liverpool FC’s land-speculation policy, which is embedded in an urban regeneration policy to take over land in adjacent areas to expand the Anfield Stadium for specifically commercial purposes, escalating tension with local people. This land-use conflict between the local community of Anfield and Liverpool FC has raised the ultimate question of the extent to which the local supporters will remain loyal to the club they support. Drawing on ethnographic research in Anfield, Liverpool, this article looks at the intersection between the urban regeneration policy in Liverpool and the changing nature of English football, which has placed Liverpool FC in a situation of competing with the local fans for urban space, stretching local supporters’ loyalty to the club they support. The result shows that it is the club that has introduced the shift in the meaning of loyalty, tailored to the recent situation in English football. The commercialization of Liverpool FC and its land-speculation policy have produced shock-subjectivities influencing local people’s perception of and practices toward Liverpool FC, suggesting the knife-edge dilemma of being a local fan.

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Stevenson, Thomas B., and Abdul-Karim Alaug. "Football in Yemen." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 32, no. 3 (September 1997): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690297032003003.

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Rek-Woźniak, Magdalena, and Wojciech Woźniak. "BBC’s Documentary “Stadiums of Hate” and Manufacturing of the News: Case Study in Moral Panics and Media Manipulation." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 6 (January 20, 2020): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519899244.

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The article is based on a critical case study of the BBC’s investigative documentary titled Stadiums of Hate and the public’s response to it. The documentary was broadcasted 11 days before the kickoff of Euro 2012 (UEFA [Union of European Football Associations] European Championships in Football), the first sport mega event hosted in Poland and Ukraine. The main theme was football-related racism and violence allegedly threatening the safety of the fans coming to the tournament. The article follows Amanda Rohloff’s proposal combining the Eliasian conceptual framework of civilizing processes with the moral panics approach to describe the effort to amplify the spiral of public outcry toward the hosts of Euro 2012 in an attempt to modernize and civilize the Eastern European world of football. The moral panics spiral was brought to an end by the tournament which did not justify grim predictions. The article combines analysis of media content and the public statements with interviews conducted with some of the informants of the BBC journalists.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Football – Sociologie'

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