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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Football'
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Blomdahl, Max, and Oskar Hagström. "Project PAL football : Football rebounder." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42651.
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This scientific report is based on the collaboration between our project group, the consult firm Etteplan AB and a company named Pal-Football AB. The report describes how a product development project can be executed, this with the help of theoretical models and practical approach. In this case, the product renewal project is done towards Pal- Football AB’s current product “Pal Original”. The product is a mobile training gear which is made for those who practise football. It’s main function is to bounce the ball back towards the user whom earlier kicked the ball towards the surface of the product. There are two purposes that can be identified within this product renewal project. The primary one is to deliver an improved version of Pal Original, a version which is considered to be compatible with the demands of today's market. This by improving the current concept of the product, alongside with an updated design. The result of this work will hopefully lead to the possibility of active football players to achieve their full potential, this by using the product.
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Jones, Ian. "Football fandom : football fan identity and identification at Luton Town Football Club." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/275672.
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This study examines football fan identity and identification within the Nationwide football league in England. A preliminary examination of the literature concludes that research on fan identity with sports teams in general, focuses primarily upon the behavioural consequences of fan identification. More specific research on the football fan concentrates predominantly upon either the F.A. Premier League or the deviant fan. The research thus attempts to fill a void in knowledge by examining football fan identification of fans of less successful football teams, using a social identity theory framework. Employing a mixed-methods research design, and an embedded case study approach, the study investigates those factors that influence fan identification at Luton Town Football Club. Methods used were those of observation/participant observation, a large scale fan survey, and indepth semi-structured interviews with fans. As part of the fan survey, the sport spectator identification scale (Wann and Branscombe, 1993), revealed a fan population that was highly identified with Luton Town. Levels of fan identification were similar across age, gender, and length of support of the club. Subsequent survey and interview data allowed six themes related to this fan identification to emerge: these being the extent of fan identification; the antecedents of fan identification; the maintenance of fan identification; the effects of fan identification upon behaviour; the influence of the cultural identity within which fan identities are enacted; and the relationship between the fan and the football club. Analysis of these themes yields a model of football fan identification which can be adapted to fans of other football clubs, or fans within other contexts. It was concluded that whenever such identification provides positive social and psychological consequences for fans, levels of identification with the club remain high. For these fans, it is the process of identification with the club that is the most important component of fandom. By contrast, where the individual derives fewer benefits from fandom, identification remains low. For such less identified fans, other factors, such as the quality of facilities or team performance, become more meaningful. The findings from the study indicate that social identity theory is an appropriate framework with which to explore the concept of football fan identification.
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Burbridge, David. "Robotic football /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2003. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cgi-bin/library/compst.pl?CAT=BSC&FILE=200304/burbidge.pdf.
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何婉雯 and Yuen-man Quinly Ho. "Headquarters of football flame: redevelopmentof Hong Kong Football Association." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982839.
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Lo, Dominic. "Football, The World's Game: A Study on Football's Relationship with Society." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/94.
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This paper looks at the way football affects society. Analysis includes a look into football in Victorian England, the notorious Glaswegian Rangers-Celtic rivalry as well as the role of football in the United States during the late 20th century.
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Ho, Yuen-man Quinly. "Headquarters of football flame : redevelopment of Hong Kong Football Association /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25947898.
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Anderson, Emily. "Women watching football." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/org/4241.
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Aidan, Philip. "Le football professionnel." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070099.
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L'institutionnalisation du football, sport d'origine bourgeoise que les classes populaires s'approprient, s'accomplit a travers l'etat, les clubs et les federations sportives. Puis, les footballeurs se constituent progressivement en groupe professionnel. Ils affirment la revendication du contrat a duree determinee en opposition au "contrat a vie" qui les retient contre leur gre dans un meme club. Dans le cadre de l'organisation sociale du travail qui regit le football professionnel et face au pouvoir dirigeant, cette action syndicale aboutit a la signature de la charte, equivalent d'une convention collective. La qualification est envisagee comme un rapport social a plusieurs dimensions. D'abord, a partir de 1973, les centres de formation ont une fonction de socialisation a travers les processus de selection et de formation inherents a la preparation d'une profession. Ensuite, les relations professionnelles et salariales se manifestent par la mobilite sociale, les salaires et les conditions de travail, la gestion socioeconomique des clubs associations. Elles s'inscrivent dans un mode de vie lie a l'aspect ludique du football et surtout au spectacle qui permet la reproduction de la communaute par une ouverture large et publique sur la societeThe institutionalization of football, sport of burgess extraction that working-classes adopted, has happened through the state, clubs and sports federations. Then, footballers constituted themselves in professional group. They affirm the revendication of contract with given period opposite "life contract" whom detained against their will in the same club. As part of social work organisation whom rule professional football and front of governing power, this trade-union action come off signing of charter, equivalent to an underwriting contract. Qualification envisage as social relations at several sizes. At first, since 1973, the centres of the formation are a function of socialization through the processes of selection and formation inherent in the preparation of the profession. Then, professional and salaried connections appear by social mobility, salaries and labour conditions, social and economical management of clubs associations. It enregister in a way of life lay at play football sight and particularly at entertainment (spectacle) whom permit the reproduction of community with a broad and public open towards the society
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Moon, Brandon B. "Interactive football summarization /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3337.pdf.
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Moon, Brandon B. "Interactive Football Summarization." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1999.
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Football fans do not have the time to watch every game in its entirety and need an effective solution that summarizes them the story of the game. Human-generated summaries are often too short, requiring time and resources to create. We utilize the advantages of Interactive TV to create an automatic football summarization service that is cohesive, provides context, covers the necessary plays, and is concise. First, we construct a degree of interest function that ranks each play based on detailed, play-by-play game events as well as viewing statistics collected from an interactive viewing environment. This allows us to select the plays that are important to the game as well as those that are interesting to the viewer. Second, we create a visual transition that shows the progress of the ball whenever plays are skipped, allowing the viewer to understand the context of each play within the summary. Third, we enable interactive controls that allow viewers to manipulate the summary and delve deeper into the actual game whenever they wish. We validate our solution through two user studies—one to ensure that our degree of interest function selects the plays that are most interesting to the viewer, and the other to show that our transitions and interactive controls provide a better understanding of the game. We conclude that our summary solution is effective at conveying the story of a football game.
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White, Kenneth A. "A Q-methodological study of football fans' attitudes toward televised football /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025662.
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Rosén, Emil. "Analysis and visualization of collective motion in football : Analysis of youth football using GPS and visualization of professional football." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269457.
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Football is one of the biggest sports in the world. Professional teams track their player's positions using GPS (Global Positioning System). This report is divided into two parts, both focusing on applying collective motion to football. % The goal of the first part was to both see if a set of cheaper GPS units could be used to analyze the collective motion of a youth football team. 15 football players did two experiments and played three versus three football matches against each other while wearing a GPS. The first experiment measured the player's ability to control the ball while the second experiment measured how well they were able to move together as a team. Different measurements were measured from the match and Spearman correlations were calculated between measurements from the experiments and matches. Players which had good ball control also scored more goals in the match and received more passes. However, they also took the middle position in the field which naturally is a position which receives more passes. Players which were correlated during the team experiment were also correlated with team-members in the match. But, this correlation was weak and the experiment should be done again with more players. The GPS did not work well in the team experiment but have potential to work well in experiments done on a normal-sized football field. % The goal of the second part of the report was to visualize collective motion, more specifically leader-follower relations, in football which can be used as a basis for further research. This is done by plotting the player's positions at each time step to a user interface. Between each player, a double pointed arrow is drawn, where each side of the arrow has a separate color and arrow width. The maximum time lag between the between the two players is shown as the "pointiness" of the arrow while the color of the arrow show the maximum time lag correlation. The user can change the metrics the correlations are based of. As a compliment to the lagged correlation, a lag score is defined which tell the user how strong the lagged correlation is.
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Morris, Kevin W. "The Epidemiology of Overuse Conditions in Youth Football and High School Football." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470147757.
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Söderlund, Ellinor. "In a football bubble: Cultural transition narratives of Swedish elite football players." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38196.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate cultural transition experience in elite football. More specifically, to explore three Swedish football players experience of their first transition abroad when relocating to play professional football in Europe. A narrative inquiry approach was used, with help of the cultural transition model (Ryba, Stambulova, & Ronkainen, 2016) a semi-structured interview guide was created. The cultural transition model was also used as a lens for analyzing the data. The participants were non-randomly sampled and recruited with help from the Swedish Football Federation. Four players responded positively and initiated the interview, three was fully conducted while one dropped out. The data were analyzed with holistic-content and categorical-content analysis to show three unique pathways but also common themes of their cultural transitions. The first result showed the uniqueness of the players pathways; preparing for the worst and saved by the football bubble, taking responsibility and a key role as a foreign player to gain respect in the team, and a big step for personal development: from homesickness to being hungry for more. Secondly, the result showed that the participant shared experience in the cultural transition process which are presented in 12 themes (e.g. Pre-transition phase: satisfaction in Swedish club before leaving, Acute cultural adaptation phase: adjustment in football as first priority in host culture, and Sociocultural adaptation: perceived ability and efficacy to adjust to new cultural settings). In conclusion, adaptation in football was prioritized during the first period of relocation, that means that they fully invested to show that they were good. However, after this first phase, having a meaningful life besides football became one of the most important things to feel satisfied. Although there are still questions unanswered regarding cultural transition in elite football, implications to Swedish Football Federation were given in further working with professional players who go abroad.
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McGowan, Lee Hugh. "'Playing football fiction' : leveraging the strengths of autodiegesis in a football narrative." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16603/2/Lee_McGowan_Exegesis.pdf.
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This thesis consists of a novel, Some Tartan Hyde, and an exegesis, Playing Football Fiction: Leveraging the strengths of autodiegesis in a football narrative and will address my research question; How do I leverage the strengths of an autodiegetic narrator to represent 'playing football fiction' in an engaging way? Some Tartan Hyde is the story of immigrant Mish Gordon, an amateur footballer, who joins a local team to help him become more comfortable in his new surroundings. He is having trouble settling into life in a new country and getting his head around cultural barriers. The protagonist's dealings with these issues and his character development are symbolised and paralleled in the football games that periodically take place within the narrative. Some Tartan Hyde is written in a present tense autodiegetic perspective. Approximately 25% of the page space is given over to 'playing football fiction'. The exegesis explores the portrayal of the football game events from a player's realtime on the pitch perspective. It examines the use of present tense autodiegesis within the broader football fiction genre, and the strengths and weaknesses associated with using the perspective as a means of narration. It will then examine Some Tartan Hyde and consider the level of success and previously unrealised benefits achieved in using this perspective in a football fiction narrative. Together, the elements of this practice-led research will present an overview of the historical and contemporary developments and understanding of the autodiegetic perspective, address the dominant perspectives within the genre, offer an interpretation of the conventions as they have been presented in football fiction, and examine the context of a new approach in a novel-length work of creative writing research.
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McGowan, Lee Hugh. "'Playing football fiction' : leveraging the strengths of autodiegesis in a football narrative." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16603/.
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This thesis consists of a novel, Some Tartan Hyde, and an exegesis, Playing Football Fiction: Leveraging the strengths of autodiegesis in a football narrative and will address my research question; How do I leverage the strengths of an autodiegetic narrator to represent 'playing football fiction' in an engaging way? Some Tartan Hyde is the story of immigrant Mish Gordon, an amateur footballer, who joins a local team to help him become more comfortable in his new surroundings. He is having trouble settling into life in a new country and getting his head around cultural barriers. The protagonist's dealings with these issues and his character development are symbolised and paralleled in the football games that periodically take place within the narrative. Some Tartan Hyde is written in a present tense autodiegetic perspective. Approximately 25% of the page space is given over to 'playing football fiction'. The exegesis explores the portrayal of the football game events from a player's realtime on the pitch perspective. It examines the use of present tense autodiegesis within the broader football fiction genre, and the strengths and weaknesses associated with using the perspective as a means of narration. It will then examine Some Tartan Hyde and consider the level of success and previously unrealised benefits achieved in using this perspective in a football fiction narrative. Together, the elements of this practice-led research will present an overview of the historical and contemporary developments and understanding of the autodiegetic perspective, address the dominant perspectives within the genre, offer an interpretation of the conventions as they have been presented in football fiction, and examine the context of a new approach in a novel-length work of creative writing research.
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Andrews, Alfred 1955. "Football : the people's game." Monash University, Dept. of History, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9104.
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Salter, Michael. "Thinking through football hooliganism." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10381/.
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The overall aim of this work is to uncover, describe and analyse the phenomenon of soccer hooliganism both as it appears and in the was that it presents itself to consciousness. But why "think through" football hooliganism at all? Surely quite enough has already been said and written about this highly Publicise, form of public disorder? Already there have been Psychological, sociological, soci. o-psychological., historical and media study accounts - to say nothing of numerous articles and newsreports in the popular media. Upon the basis of their distinctive ways of setting up and relating to this phenomenon, these accounts have produced various types of policy-orientated reactions and explanations in terms of psychological immaturity, the Alienation of traditional working class fans from "their club" in an age of consumer capitalism, ritualised aggression, the expression of a traditional male working class form of territorial localism and finally as the outcome of and subsequent reaction to the "labelling" of fans and "moral panic" of the media. In all honesty, what more is there to say? Why has not the author tackled an area of crime that has yet to be so fully documented? This study is not primarily concerned with adding to the ever escalating and add academic enterprise of reviewing reviews of reviews from pre-conceived standpoints upon standpoints about such standpoints etc., which themselves rarely address the possibility conditions of that which they theorise about. A brief glance down the booklist of this research will confirm that there is currently no shortage of studies which concern themselves with the rehashing of all that which has been previously written about both phenomenology and soccer violence. What, in the face of all-this, WOULD truly be an achievement is the APPLIED phenomenological explication of the phenomenon itself. Undoubtedly the purported explanations mentioned above have, { taken as a whole, responded, to the problematic presence of something our culture understands as hooliganism in such a way as to explain this "something" in terms of the presence of something else. Only for as long as we understand research purely in terms of this causal-explanatory manner and policy-reactive mode, can this area be said to be unquestionably well researched. It is on this implicit basis that there appears little justification for yet another study of football hooliganism. But are the possibilities of academic research exhausted by the setting up and responding to the established presence of phenomena "out there" in the real world in line with the dictates of established disciplines? The title of this studs summarises a foundational Project in that both the thinking and the object "thought through" are brought together. It is a major'contention of phenomenology -- the method of our foundational research - that all the activities of consciousness and experience are intimately connected to an experienced object or "phenomenon", so that all experience is experience OF some thematic object meant and meant in a distinctive manner. Thus prior to the questions "Why is there football hooliganism"?, and "What should be done about it? ", is a more fundamental or "foundational" problematic: one which precedes explanation and addresses the possibility-conditions for the cultural presence of both the phenomenon and our accepted ways of responding to our awareness of it.
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Rouchotas, Angelos. "Doing digital football fandom." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20028.
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By applying ethnographic method this study sought to explore how football’s mediatization is inviting the digital displacement of fan culture by social media-based communities. It also aimed to understand how contemporary football fans engage online as part of identifying themselves as supporters of a football club. This research was motivated by the global resonance of fandom which is due to the media becoming part of the experience of being a fan, resulting to the formation of transnational communities. The two-way online communication has enabled supporting from afar, forming digital fans. Liverpool FC’s Greek fans official group on Facebook was used as the case study for content analysis, along with in-depth interviews. The results have shown that social media have been the facilitators of football’s mediatization, digitalizing fan habits that used to be parts of the social life. Self-identification as a fan has taken a much more cosmopolitan outlook, which prioritizes participation. The dimensions of participation are though mediatized, resulting to highly engaged communities regardless of locality. To deal with the redefinition of fandom expression, this thesis has contributed with an end-result protype of a service addressing the process of doing digital fandom. As media technology develops, football’s mediatization will only exponentially increase and this study can offer insights to the better understanding of the different dimensions that digital fan culture adds to the sport.
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Rosell, Nathanael Tim. "CSR, Glocalisation and Football." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33617.
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AbstraktNyckelord: Globalisering, Amerikanisering, Europanisering, Glokaliseringoch CSRFörfattare: Tim Nathanael RosellHandledare: Bo Carlsson och Gun NormarkTitel: CSR, Glokalisering och Fotboll – En jämförelse mellan amerikanskoch svensk fotboll.Problem: I den begränsade svenska sport modellen söker klubbar attattrahera sponsorer, skapa intäkter och vinna fördelar översina konkurrenter. Problemet är att hitta en ekonomistyrningsmetodkompatibel med det interna regelverket.Syfte: Syftet är att belysa gloaliseringsprocesser inom fotboll ochundersöka CSR konceptet i kontexten av Seattle Soundersoch Djurgården IF.Metod: Den här uppsatsen antar en hermeneutisk ansats via en deduktivtillvägagångssätt. Således ger litteraturgenomgångenen grundläggande förståelse för ämnet, där två fallstudierbehandlar det teoretiska ramverket. Fallstudierna med DjurgårdenIF och Seattle Sounders kontextualiserar och behandlarde diverse begrepp som presenteras.Slutsats: Även fast Djurgården IF och Seattle Sounders har olika utmaningargällande regelverk, organisatoriska strukturer ochkapital medger de vikten av CSR. Vidare visar fallstudiernaatt CSR är glokaliserat och att amerikanisering inte är en envägsprocess.AbstractKeywords: Globalisation, Americanisation, Europeanisation, Glocalisationand CSRAuthor: Tim Nathanael RosellSupervisors: Bo Carlsson and Gun NormarkTitle: CSR, Glocalisation and Football - A comparison betweenAmerican and Swedish footballProblem: In the restricted Swedish Sports model, clubs in Swedenaims attract sponsors, create revenue and gain an advantageover their competitors. The problem is finding an economicgovernance method compatible with the internal legislativesystem.Purpose: The purpose is to illuminate globalisation processes in footballand investigate the concept of CSR in the context of SeattleSounders and Djurgården IF.Method: This thesis adopts a hermeneutical shoulder via a deductiveapproach. Thus, a literature review provides the basal understandingof the subject and two case studies treat the theoreticalframework. The two case studies, Djurgården IF and SeattleSounders, contextualise and treat the various conceptspresented.Conclusion: Although Djurgården IF and Seattle Sounders have differentchallenges regarding legislations, organisational structuresand capital, they recognise the importance of CSR. Furthermore,the case studies showed that the notion of CSR is glocalisedand that Americanisation is not a one-way process
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Wikenstål, Jakob. "Integration projects with football." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27609.
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Under den senaste tiden har Sveriges regering givit stora ekonomiska stöd till idrotten isyfte att förenkla integrationen sett till den stora flyktingströmmen som pågått tilllandet. Frågan är om alla idrottsföreningar är redo för detta eller bidrar endast på grundav pengarna eller varför ställer idrotten upp? Vad kommer hända framöver nu närgränserna är stoppade för flyktingar. Studiens syfte är att förstå Malmö FF och AIFBarrikadens berättelser kring deras integrationsprojekt och undersöka vadnyttofunktionen för deras integrationsprojekt är ur ett sociologiskt perspektiv.Med hjälp av Bourdieus fält, kapital och habitus har jag tolkat berättelsen från enelitfotbollsklubb och en breddfotbollsklubb. Studiens metod består av insamlingsmetodi form av tidigare forskning och egen empiriinsamling genom observationer,dokumentanalys, intervjuer och dessutom bearbetningsmetod i form av kvalitativ analysutifrån intervjuer, projektplan och observationer. Oavsett vilken klass eller vart dukommer ifrån så kan Bourdieus perspektiv hjälpa mig att tolka hur både individer ochgrupper agerar i ett fält.Resultatet visar två skilda integrationsprojekt där den ena klubben skapat ett lag förensakommande flyktingar och den andra bedriver spontanfotboll. BådaFotbollsklubbarna vill bidra till samhället och ser idrottsföreningslivet som en braaktivitet för nyanlända att slippa oro och utveckla ett socialt kapital.Integrationsprojekten grundar sig i fotbollens fält med givna regler som sätter bådaprojekten på utmaningar. Smaken för fotboll finns hos majoriteten av deltagarna och dehar börjat utveckla sitt sociala kapital med fler vänner. Det kan vara så att regeringensförtroende på idrotten betydelse, ett symboliskt kapital kan vara en mötesplats förintegration.The refugee crisis has made a huge impact on the Swedish society and one of thesolutions from the Swedish government has been the community sports. The Swedishgovernment have funded a big amount to ease the integration process for the refugees.The question is, can all community sports engage? Why do they engage? What willhappen with the projects now when the border is closed? The purpose of this study is toexamine the stories from high and low level football clubs regarding their integrationprojects and what the intention of running these are with the use of Bourdieu’sperspective. The method for the study has been interviews, document analysis andobservations. The findings of the study show through the perspective of Bourdieu anincreased social capital may be produced at both groups and they want to do their partin the society within the field of football.
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Daplex, Exode Martin Daniel Privat. "Educateur - anthropologue du football." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/189074507#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Cette thèse prend pour objet les investigations du chercheur qui explore, à partir de son expérience d’éducateur sportif, le monde du football, ses dieux, ses cérémonies, son clergé, à la façon d’une religion. Cet angle d'approche lui permet de mettre le doigt sur nombre de phénomènes qui motivent notamment les enfants dans leur double approche acteur - spectateur du monde du football. Mais, depuis sa rencontre avec la sociologie, l'ethnométhodologie et plus précisément l'anthropologie, sa recherche s'oriente vers ce nouveau regard sur les pratiques quotidiennes d’un groupe de footballeurs. Cette recherche n'a pas manqué de faire appel à la notion de la transversalité, tout en faisant le lien avec l'observation, la description (accountability ou racontabilité selon les ethnométhodologues), "l'attention particulière"…du monde dans lequel on vit, on respire, on entend, on voit, on sent, on touche. Ses analyses ont dû intégrer le processus d'objectivation même si, par moment, la propre implication de l'éducateur chercheur aurait pu nuancer cette neutralité sur la description des activités observées, vues, remarquées, écoutées, entendues. Le fait d'être un homme du milieu a certes facilité la genèse de toutes ces descriptions sur les joueurs, les moments, les situations, les interactions dans le groupe (étudié) ; le fait d’être "un corps qui baigne dans le milieu" a certes facilité la genèse de toutes les sensations, les sensibilités, les émotions qui se sont exprimées dans sa rencontre avec les joueurs du groupe en question ; le fait d'être un homme qui travaille énormément sur l'état d’esprit a également facilité toutes les explications, les compréhensions, les interprétations. En effet, c’est la compréhension de toutes ces actions produites par l’ensemble des membres du village (à la façon de l'ethnométhodologie), du terrain étudié qu'a fait émerger le sens commun accepté de tous et par tous, que cette recherche a mis en exergue. Enfin, le développement de notre thèse s'opère en quatre temps. La première partie expose la question de la genèse religieuse du sport : définitions, perceptions, structures et processus. La deuxième partie, quant à elle, aborde la question du Panthéon religieux du sport lié au problème du capitalisme moderne. Il s'agit ici de faire le lien entre argent et football. Dans une troisième partie, nous mettons en relation une analyse de données des questions et les préoccupations de l’éducateur-chercheur par le biais de son implication et intervention (entretiens de terrain et autres…). Et, dans la quatrième partie, nous nous intéressons aux enjeux (sociaux, politiques, culturels. . . ) concernant les problèmes d'insertion, d'intégration ou non – et surtout de citoyenneté du sportif en questionThe subjects of this the sis are the investigations of the rese archer who explores, with his experience as a sports educator, the world of football, its gods, its cerem onies, its clergy, as if it were a religion. This approach allo ws him to show sever al phenomena which motivate children in their double actor/spectator approach of the world of football. But his meeting with sociology, ethno methodology and anthropology ; his research is directed to this new view on daily practices of a group of football players. This research deals with the noti on of transvers e, making the li nk with observation, description (accountabil ity as the e thno methodologists call it), "the particular attention". . . Of the world in which we live, breathe, hear, see, smell, touch. His analyses had to integrate the process of objectiv ity, even if, sometimes, the proper implication of the educator-researcher could have affected the neutrali ty about the description of the activities observed, seen, noticed, listened, heard. The fact that he is a "man of the m iddle" made ea sy the genesis of all these descriptions about the players, the m oments, the situatio ns, the inter-actions into the group (under study); the fact that he is" a body swimming in this world" mad~ easy the genesis of all these sensations, sens ibilities, em otions which were expressed during hi s meeting with the players of this group ; The fact that he is a m an who works a lot on the spirit of m ind made a Iso easy the explications, comprehensions, interpretation s. Indeed, it is the comprehension of the actio ns taken by the members of the village (as the ethno methodologists would do), the comprehension of the field studied which made the common sense accepted by all emerged and by all this resear ch pointed out. Finally, the development of this thesis consists of four points. The first part as ks the question of the religi ous genesis of the sport: defin itions, perception s, structures and process. The second part as ks the question of th e religious Pantheon of sports link with the problem of modern capitalism. It is the link 'between money and football. The third part shows a relation between an analyze of data of questions and the preoccupations of the educator-researcher by his impli cation and intervention (interviews on the field. . . ). And in the fourth part, we will focus on the extents (social, political, cultural. . . ) concerning the problems of insertion, integration or non integration, and above all the citizenship of the sportsm an
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Lek, Erik. "Football in humanitarian action." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446791.
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This thesis aims to explore why, and in what ways football is, and can be used within humanitarian action. I will discuss the reasons why football is particularly suitable, and how to build an effective program. I will take a closer look at peacebuilding and psychosocial support, how it connects to football and what attributes of the game that promotes a project’s success. The research is based on a literature study, and I have taken examples from both academic articles and other books. I have found a range of attributes that makes football particularly good to work with, including the physical aspect of the game, the joy it brings to the participants, and that it is a safe framed space where to explore new perspectives. That football is a team sport is essential when working with both peacebuilding and psychosocial support. The social platform football consists of is the foundation to cooperation and changing the view of ‘the other’. Moreover, it can build a sense of belongingness, not only to the players themselves but also to the team and the club which might be crucial in a volatile context such as forced migration. I partly challenge the idea that sport does not have any inherent positive factors for people’s well-being. I found the physical aspect and that it is teams that are winning, not individuals as reasons for this. But I also found, that creating an environment where the actors are autonomously motivated is the most important factor, not only to give optimal opportunity for the actors to perform in the best way but for their well-being as well.
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Juskowiak, Hugo. "Un pour Mille : Eléments de sociologie de la formation au métier de footballeur." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0501/document.
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La thèse est consacrée à la sociologie de la formation au métier de footballeur. Il s'agit de comprendre comment on devient, ou non, joueur de football professionnel, aussi bien du point de vue de celui qui vit la formation (le joueur) que de celui qui la fait (le formateur). Pour cela, nous avons mené une série d'entretiens (quatre-vingt dix) et d'observations (cinquante séances d'entraînement et deux semaines d'immersion continue) dans les trois clubs professionnels de la région Nord / Pas de Calais que sont le Racing Club de Lens, le Lille Olympique Sporting Club et le Valenciennes Football Club ainsi qu'au centre fédéral de préformation de Liévin. La démarche de comparaison entre les différentes instances de formation que nous avons adoptée permet d'emblée de questionner l'unicité supposée du système de formation "à la française". En parallèle de cette comparaison des lieux de formation, le recours au concept de carrière permet, en observant l'entrée, le déroulement et la sortie de la formation, de mettre en évidence l'absence de linéarité dans les trajectoires qui amènent au professionnalisme.C'est au cours de plusieurs étapes rythmées par moments clés, en côtoyant divers groupes et segments professionnels que se structure progressivement une identité professionnelle de joueur de football de haut niveau. Mais si les lauréats sont à l'évidence devenus des professionnels d'un système de formation hyper sélectif et incertain, sont-ils, pour autant préparés à affronter le marché du travail des footballeurs ? Lorsque l'on sait que plus de la moitié des premiers contrats professionnels ne seront pas renouvelés, rien n'est moins sûrThe thesis focuses on how to get to the various stages to the work of professional footballer, seen from sociological aspects. We want to understand how it is possible to become – or not – a professional football player both from the perspective of the one who lives training (the player) and the one who makes it (the trainer). In order to do this, we conducted a series of interviews (ninety) and observations (fifty training sessions and two weeks of continuous immersion) in the three professional clubs in the region Nord / Pas de Calais that are the Racing Club of Lens, the Lille Olympique Sporting Club and the Valenciennes Football Club and the federal preformation center of Lievin. Comparing these different places of the formation, allows us immediately to question the supposed unity of the French football model of education. Besides this first comparison, using the concept of career allows us, by observing the beginning, the process and the close of the education, to show that there is no linearity in the trajectories that lead to the work of professional football player. It is during several stages defined by key moments and by meeting different professional groups and segments that the football player’s professional identity is progressively structured. However, we can wonder if young people who manage to survive to a such uncertain and selective model of formation are really prepared to evolve in the professional football market. When we know that half of the first professional football contracts are not prolonged, we can’t positively answer to this
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Curtis, Vernon Glen Lagrotteria. "Incidence of football injuries in different age groups at a professional football club." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7312_1205416141.
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Football is the most popular sport in the world, and it continues to have a progressive annual increase in the number of active players and the number of games played per season, which in turn, leads to an increase in the frequency of injuries. Football is extensively researched worldwide, however, some current studies confirm that the results on football injury factors are limited, as well as inconsistent and incomplete. The main aim of this study was to examine interrelating factors of football injuries through the various age groups at a designated football club. The study aimed to expose the injury risk factors and patterns present in the various age groups.
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Lipp, Elizabeth J. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors in football athletes compared to non-football adolescent males /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148777866328802.
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Wikström, Vilmer. "The Effect of Brand Image on Football Fan Loyalty : The Swedish Football Context." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105190.
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Within the field of football fan loyalty there has been a desire to examine brand image’s effect on fan loyalty within different contexts. Given this, the aim of this study is to explain how brand image affects fan loyalty in a swedish football context. The study follows a quantitative approach where data was collected through a questionnaire distributed online, and then tested in a confirmatory factor analysis. The findings of the study revealed that brand image affects fan loyalty through the facets of brand image, non-product related attributes and brand benefits. Where non-product related attributes and brand benefits were shown to have the stronger perceived effect on fan loyalty.
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Robertson, Stephen. "Reframing Scottish football : strategy and the short-term nature of the football industry." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2016. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/10407.
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Despite football being deeply entrenched in Scottish culture it is under-researched from a business perspective. This research develops a conceptual framework that views professional football clubs from a number of different perspectives. It draws on strategic management literature since this views the firm as the intersection between internal competence, customer perception and competition within an industry. A review of previous sports business research highlighted five main themes that were used to create a structure for the analysis: on-field performance, attendance, finance, the playing squad and the manager. These themes were used as frames to view the firms within the industry from a number of different perspectives. Each frame allows a different aspect of the firm to be considered singly in turn and then collectively to develop a deeper understanding of the existing frames in use within the industry. The research is based on a pragmatic philosophy that allows mixed methods to be combined to provide both an objective and subjective view of the industry. The subjective view was drawn from five interviews with senior figures within Scottish professional football. These participants were from a number of different roles and organisations within the industry to provide a balance of experiences. The views were triangulated with a descriptive analysis of secondary data from a number of industry sources to establish patterns within and between these frames. A peer group of six clubs was selected as they competed in the Scottish Premier League in each of the seasons within an eleven-year period (2000-2011). The peer group clubs selected were: Aberdeen, Dundee United, Heart of Midlothian (Hearts), Hibernian, Kilmarnock and Motherwell. By focussing on a small group of clubs with a similar on-field record a broad study across the five frames could be carried out in detail without the findings being influenced by the impact of relegation to a lower division or sustained participation in European football. Within each of the original five frames a number of sub-components were identified and linked to the framework; this expanded the content to reflect the findings of this project. There appeared to be little link between on-field performance and attendance although progress to the later stages of cup competitions allowed clubs to connect with fans who do not regularly attend. The relationship between a club's income and wage bill should be expanded to include interest repayments since this expenditure can be used to highlight future financial problems caused by increased debt levels. Although all of the interview participants spoke with pride of the players that had progressed from the club's youth academy to success at the highest level the peer group clubs only produced one player each season that played more than ten matches for the club. Almost half of the players signed from the youth academy left the club without playing for the 1st Team. The importance of the relationship between the manager and club chairman was highlighted, although the speed with which managers were appointed suggests that little consideration was given to this before offering a contract. Once appointed there appeared to be little clarity over the job description and areas of responsibility. Several of the interviewees brought experience from other businesses to football but admitted that short-term decision making and entrenched behaviour made change difficult. The conclusion of the research is that by taking a firm-wide view of the club, longer-term decisions can be taken within football. Player development and supporter relationships were both identified as long-term processes that are impacted by the current short-termism. With greater role clarity for managers and a mixture of short and long-term objectives those involved in the industry are more likely to have opportunities to learn from experience and performance, across the different frames, will improve as a result.
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Boli, Claude. "Le champ du football professionnel en Angleterre : Manchester United Football Club, un modele d'excellence." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4072.
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KHATALI, ADEL BEH MOHAMED. "Football et politique. Etude sociologique des fonctions ideologiques et politiques du football en tunisie." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30047.
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L'objet de cette recherche est le football et plus precisement le football en tunisie. Nous sommes essentiellement, attache a montrer en quoi le mouvement footballistique peut s'inscrire dans le courant de l'histoire et plus particulierement dans celui de l'histoire politique de la tunisie. Nous avons tente de redefinir la fonction de ce sport, en precisant son importance ideologique et politiqueau sein de la societe tunisienne.
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Boli, Claude. "Le champ du football professionnel en Angleterre : le cas de Manchester United Football club." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3001.
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En 1902, Manchester United FC est formé. La fondation du club est loeuvre d'un riche brasseur et philanthrope local. Les premières années sont marquées par la volonté des dirigeants d'obtenir une reconnaissance dans l'espace des clubs professionnels. La construction de l'impressionnant stade d'Old Trafford et plus tard le succès sportif grâce à des joueurs emblématiques permettent au club de rivaliser avec les meilleurs. Dans les années 1930', le club connaît des difficultés économiques et est une nouvelle fois sauvé par un philanthrope provenant de l'industrie du textile. L'arrivée de l'entraîneur Matt Busby en 1945 et les réussites sportives qui suivent vont transformer l'histoire de Manchester United. Les années " Busby " vont être attachées à un style de jeu particulier et à des joueurs exceptionnels. Entre le début des années 1970' et le milieu des années 1980', le club obtient relativement peu de succès. Les années 1990' vont être celles de remarquables réussites au plan national et international. Cette époque coi͏̈ncide également à la mutation organisationnelle notamment depuis la création de la société anonyme côtée en bourse, Manchester United Plc. A côté de cette présentation synthétique, l'examen de trois aspects permet de révéler en profondeur les singularités du club dans le champ du football professionnel. Il s'agit de la formation du football dans la structure des sports locaux, des propriétés de l'organisation et des rapports de pouvoirs entre les agents, et enfin des mécanismes de production de l'identité symbolique du clubManchester United Football Club was been formed in 1902. The creation of the club has been helped by a local wealthy brewer and philanthropist. The first years were marked by the directors willingness's to get credit within professional clubs. The astonishing building of Old Trafford Stadium and later sporting success with some emblematic players enabled the club to compete with the best teams. In the 1930', a financial crisis is solved by a wealthy manufacturer and philanthropist. In 1945, the arrival of the manager Matt Busby and the success that followed transformed the history of Manchester United. The 'Busby years' are linked with a particular way to play and brilliant players. Between the beginning of the 1970' and the middle of the 1980', the club got relatively few success. The 1990' was marked by the tremendous domestic and international success. This era is also dominated by the mutation of the club. In 1991, Manchester United is put on the stock market. Nevertheless, to get a deep analysis of the singularities of the club; we will attempt to examine three issues. First, the foundation of football compared to other sports in a local scale. Secondly, the relationship between people inside the club and the power relation involved. Thirdly, the ways in which symbolic identity of the club is forming and constructing
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Farhi, Abdelhak. "De l'étude comparative entre football pratiqué en Algérie et en France à l'élaboration de batteries de tests de détection, de sélection et de suivi de l'entraînement." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28706.
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Les tests actuellement utilisés en Algérie pour sélectionner voire détecter les jeunes talents en football sont issus pour la plupart de batteries étrangères. A notre connaissance, jamais leur niveau de congruence pour savoir s’ils correspondent ou non aux exigences actuelles de la pratique du football algérien n’a été vérifié. Pourtant, dans un souci de qualité cette vérification s’impose. Elle a constitué la première problématique de notre étude. Pour ce faire, initialement nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence d’éventuelles spécificités de la pratique du football en Algérie. Dans cette perspective nous avons d’une part, comparé poste par poste le football pratiqué au niveau national en Algérie et France, et d’autre part, sur la base des résultats d’une procédure déjà utilisée en France (Rohr, 1992) nous avons mené le même type d’enquête auprès des entraîneurs et cadres techniques régionaux et nationaux algériens. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de connaître leurs opinions sur les qualités requises pour évoluer au plus haut niveau et ainsi, nous avons pu les comparer à celles de leurs homologues français. La comparaison de la pratique poste par poste a surtout mis en évidence une très nette spécificité au niveau des milieux de terrain et des arrières centraux, traduite respectivement par 14 et 13 différences significatives (P<0. 004) sur les 25 indices physiques, techniques et physico-techniques observés. Cette même tendance s’observe au niveau des résultats de l’enquête d’opinions. Le nombre de qualités requises pour pratiquer le football à un haut niveau choisi par les entraîneurs algériens est significativement supérieur pour les milieux de terrain à celui choisi par les entraîneurs français. Ces résultats vont dans le sens d’une confirmation de notre hypothèse initiale sur la spécificité du football pratiqué en fonction des pays considérés, rendant ipso facto caduque l’utilisation de tests étrangers.
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Rahnamai, Barghi Amir. "Analyzing Dynamic Football Passing Network." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33013.
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In this thesis we are concerned with the analysis of football matches represented as
passing graphs, where players are nodes and directed edges indicate the passing of the ball.
As opposed to previous work, we label the edges of the graph with the time instants
when the ball is passed between two players, thus constructing a time-varying graph. We then employ techniques from social network analysis to study centrality roles and other indicators, keeping into account the evolution of the game in time.
More precisely, we focus on degree centrality, closeness, betweenness, pagerank, eigenvector centrality, and clustering coefficient, and we compute these measures dividing the overall play time into time windows following two different models. The results are to be compared with a static analysis performed on a unique time window. Our study provides observations that are different and possibly more accurate than the ones that can be obtained by a static analysis, opening the door to a dynamic study of football matches.
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Gucciardi, Daniel F. "Mental toughness in Australian football." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0007.
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[Truncated abstract] At the commencement of this research project in February 2005, there was a paucity of empirical investigations that focused on understanding the psychological construct of mental toughness in sport (Bull, Shambrook, James, & Brooks, 2005; Fourie & Potgieter, 2001; Jones, Hanton, & Connaughton, 2002). Although impressive, the available literature did little in offering consensus in terms of a definition and operationalising the construct in a consistent manner as well as understanding those factors contributing to its measurement and development. The absence of theoretically guided research, in particular, was noted as a major limitation of this research. The potential significance of mental toughness for performance excellence combined with the conceptual confusion and lack of rigorous empirical research highlighted the need for further research on mental toughness in sport. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis was to examine issues pertaining to the understanding, measurement, and development of mental toughness in sport, using personal construct psychology (Kelly, 1955/1991) as the guiding theoretical framework. Australian football was chosen as the context to explore these issues. In the opening empirical chapter, two qualitative manuscripts in which Australian football coaches perspectives on mental toughness and those factors contributing to its development are reported. Three central themes for understanding mental toughness in Australian football were generated: characteristics (self-belief, motivation, tough attitude, concentration and focus, resilience, handling pressure, personal values, emotional intelligence, sport intelligence, and physical toughness); situations (e.g., injuries, success); and behaviours (e.g., superior decision-makers, consistent performance). '...' In the final empirical chapter, two manuscripts in which the effectiveness of two different psychological skills training programs in enhancing mental toughness among youth-aged (15's) Australian footballers are reported. The first presents a quantitative analysis while the second presents a qualitative analysis. Multisource ratings (self, parent, and coach) of the AfMTI and self-reported resilience and flow indicated more positive changes in mental toughness, resilience, and flow than the control group. Similar patterns in the findings were evident across rating sources. Interviews with several players and one of their parents as well as the coaches generated their perceptions on the benefits of participating in the program (e.g., increased work ethic, tougher attitudes) and the processes by which the program had an effect (e.g., self-awareness; self-monitoring; self-regulation; and multi-perspective discussions) as well as suggestions for program improvement (e.g., parent and coach education programs). In summary, the results of the five studies presented in this thesis provide a comprehensive account of issues pertaining to the understanding, measurement, and development of mental toughness in Australian football. The findings are supportive of several aspects of previous research but also extend this line of inquiry in a number of ways. It is my hope that other researchers will be stimulated to engage in further research extending what is presented here and that practitioners will use this information to inform their professional endeavours.
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Jacobson, Inger. "Injuries among female football players /." Luleå : Division of Physiotherapy, Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2006/43/.
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Rockwood, Joel. "Fan perspective of Football Hooliganism." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495008.
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Football hooliganism has been prevalent in almost every country where the game is played for a number of years. This has particularly been the case in Britain, where the phenomenon has produced consequences of varying degrees of severity. Many existing academic investigations have examined the problem by gauging opinions of hooligans and to a lesser extent, the police. However, the perspectives of the nonviolent majority of supporters have been consistently overlooked, and yet they often share the same space, rituals and social characteristics as hooligans, and also witness football violence and the processes that instigate and escalate it. This research therefore involved obtaining the views of numerous non-hooligan supporters who regularly attend both home and away matches from eight British teams. This is a descriptive investigation that adopted a phenomenological approach in order to access the inter-subjective lifeworld of supporters. To this end, extensive participant observation was undertaken, with the more directed qualitative methods of focus groups and interviews supplementing this data. This investigation involved attending 411 matches in domestic and international competition in twenty-one countries during live consecutive seasons. Attitudes were examined regarding how the phenomenon and related terminology may be defined, the severity of the problem and media coverage, what causes hooliganism and finally preventative measures. Supporters considered hooliganism to relate to violent behaviour in a football context, and therefore acts of non-violent 'disorder' were not explored here. The phenomenon was not thought to be a particularly serious current problem on a national scale. However, it was claimed that 'grudge' matches such as local derbies produce violence to varying degrees on a relatively regular basis. Also, respondents offered a variety of value judgements, with a large minority expressing positive viewpoints, indicating a liking for the phenomenon. Many stated that hooligans serve to protect non-violent fans, distract rival supporters from attacking those who do not wish to engage in violence, and make a positive contribution to a club's reputation. This contradicts the popularly expressed contention, namely that with the exception of those who engage in violence, supporters dislike the culture and threat of football hooliganism. Respondents also argued that media coverage was typically sensationalist and disproportionate, but only considered this to be problematic in terms of how supporters are treated in international competition. This is because foreign police and supporters are said to often lack a realistic frame of reference by which to assess the reliability of such media representation. Respondents did not explain involvement in hooliganism according to drug use or any particular demographic. Instead, personal characteristics were discussed, focusing on an individual's desire to engage in or be seen to be involved in violence. Hooliganism was also thought to reflect expressions of strong emotional ties to a club, nation or locality, whilst excluding conflicting identities. This was particularly considered to be the case in grudge match contexts, where jealousy, contempt or bitterness can be manifested in violent confrontation with an `enemy'. Many also considered the perception of being marginalised, controlled or insignificant to produce violence as an attempt to reassert an identity. Supporters were virtually unanimous in claiming that hooliganism will never be completely omitted from English football. However, many considered it possible to further reduce the problem by continuing to improve the effectiveness of police intervention by encouraging police to develop a better understanding of the intricacies of supporter cultures. Also, interventions such as banning orders were commended in theory, although the application of such measures was heavily criticised. Indeed, many intelligence-led responses were considered disproportionate, with oppressive measures serving as unjust and ineffective solutions. This was emphasised particularly when compared to legal and police responses to similar behaviour in non-football contexts. Such inappropriate intervention was perceived to only alienate the police, and complicate their task of understanding supporters and developing constructive relationships with them. Supporters considered the most effective way to reduce the problem to involve a combination of self-policing from non-violent supporters, effective deterrents, and evident and proportionate police presence and intervention, underpinned by a sound understanding of what causes hooliganism.
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Drawer, Scott. "Risk evaluation in professional football." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7542.
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Risk management is composed of three major elements viz., hazard identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. The aim of hazard identification and risk estimation is to identify the outcomes from risk, the magnitude of the associated con&quences from risk, and the estimation of the probabilities of these outcomes. Previous work focused on hazard identification and risk estimation and identified the relatively high risks associated with playing professional football. By adhering to the risk management process, the aim of this thesis was to determine the significance of these high risks to football clubs and their players. A theoretical framework was designed to evaluate the influence of player injury on the financial and playing performance of professional football clubs. This framework was also used to assess, through use of cost benefit analysis, the practicalities of investing in suitable injury prevention strategies, to reduce the risks to football clubs and their players. Former professional footballers were surveyed to investigate the long-term medical and socioeconomic consequences associated with the high risks of playing professional football. The results identified the high financial costs associated with player injury on professional football clubs. Although the high risks of player injury have a relatively minor effect on teamperformance of the Premier League clubs, this effect still has a relatively major influence on the financial performance of the club. In contrast, the influence of player injury to teamperformance was relatively major for Division I and Division 2 clubs, but this had a relatively minor effect on financial performance. The application of cost benefit analysis to the investment of specialist personnel to reduce the risks of injury demonstrated that the proposals were practicable for Premier League and Division I clubs only. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the high risks associated with playing professional football have a significant influence on the long-term well-being of foriner players. One-third of former players had been medically diagnosed osteoarthritic in a lower limb joint. The majority of players also perceived that injury had a negative influence on their present and future welfare. The results demonstrate that the consequences associated with the relatively high acute injury risk also have a significant effect on the financial and playing performance of football clubs and the future welfare of their players.
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Kampakis, S. "Predictive modelling of football injuries." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1508067/.
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The goal of this thesis is to investigate the potential of predictive modelling for football injuries. This work was conducted in close collaboration with Tottenham Hotspurs FC (THFC), the PGA European tour and the participation of Wolverhampton Wanderers (WW). Three investigations were conducted: 1. Predicting the recovery time of football injuries using the UEFA injury recordings: The UEFA recordings is a common standard for recording injuries in professional football. For this investigation, three datasets of UEFA injury recordings were available: one from THFC, one from WW and one that was constructed by merging both. Poisson, negative binomial and ordinal regression were used to model the recovery time after an injury and assess the significance of various injury-related covariates. Then, different machine learning algorithms (support vector machines, Gaussian processes, neural networks, random forests, naïve Bayes and k-nearest neighbours) were used in order to build a predictive model. The performance of the machine learning models is then improved by using feature selection conducted through correlation-based subset feature selection and random forests. 2. Predicting injuries in professional football using exposure records: The relationship between exposure (in training hours and match hours) in professional football athletes and injury incidence was studied. A common problem in football is understanding how the training schedule of an athlete can affect the chance of him getting injured. The task was to predict the number of days a player can train before he gets injured. The dataset consisted of the exposure records of professional footballers in Tottenham Hotspur Football Club from the season 2012-2013. The problem was approached by a Gaussian process model equipped with a dynamic time warping kernel that allowed the calculation of the similarity of exposure records of different lengths. 3. Predicting intrinsic injury incidence using in-training GPS measurements: A significant percentage of football injuries can be attributed to overtraining and fatigue. GPS data collected during training sessions might provide indicators of fatigue, or might be used to detect very intense training sessions which can lead to overtraining. This research used GPS data gathered during training sessions of the first team of THFC, in order to predict whether an injury would take place during a week. The data consisted of 69 variables in total. Two different binary classification approaches were followed and a variety of algorithms were applied (supervised principal component analysis, random forests, naïve Bayes, support vector machines, Gaussian process, neural networks, ridge logistic regression and k-nearest neighbours). Supervised principal component analysis shows the best results, while it also allows the extraction of components that reduce the total number of variables to 3 or 4 components which correlate with injury incidence. The first investigation contributes the following to the field: • It provides models based on the UEFA injury recordings, a standard used by many clubs, which makes it easier to replicate and apply the results. • It investigates which variables seem to be more highly related to the prediction of recovery after an injury. • It provides a comparison of models for predicting the time to return to play after injury. The second investigation contributes the following to the field: • It provides a model that can be used to predict the time when the first injury of the season will take place. • It provides a kernel that can be utilized by a Gaussian process in order to measure the similarity of training and match schedules, even if the time series involved are of different lengths. The third investigation contributes the following to the field: • It provides a model to predict injury on a given week based on GPS data gathered from training sessions. • It provides components, extracted through supervised principal component analysis, that correlate with injury incidence and can be used to summarize the large number of GPS variables in a parsimonious way.
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Pain, Matthew A. "The performance environment in football." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/26966.
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The first phase of this research project focused on developing an understanding of the performance environment in football, that is, the array of factors impacting individual and team performance in competitive situations. Study one was a qualitative investigation of the performance environment of the England youth football teams. National coaches, sport scientists, and players were interviewed regarding the factors that influenced performance at international tournaments. The main positives included: player understanding, strong team cohesion, managed free-time activities, and a detailed knowledge of opposition. The main negatives included: over coaching, player boredom, limited player free-time, player anxiety, and physical fatigue. Overall, results revealed 158 raw data themes, from which eight dimensions were abstracted to describe the performance environment.
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Larsson, Joakim, and Henrik Sjökvist. "American Football : A Markovian Approach." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188987.
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This bachelor's thesis in applied mathematics & industrial economics is an attempt to model drives in American football using Markov chains. The transition matrix is obtained through logit regression analysis on historical data from the NFL. Different outcomes of drives are modelled as separate absorbing states in the Markov chain. Absorption probabilities are calculated representing the probabilities of each outcome. Results are tested against a Markov chain with the transition matrix based on frequency analysis. Three scoring rules unanimously declare the regression based model to be superior. The application of the model pertains to live sports betting. With the insight provided by the Markovian model, a bettor should be able to make statistically informed betting decisions. The prospect of creating a start-up based on the Markovian betting model is discussed.Denna kandidatuppsats i tillämpad matematik & industriell ekonomi är ett försök till att modellera drives i amerikansk fotboll med hjälp av Markovkedjor. Övergångsmatrisen fås genom logit-regressionsanalys av historisk data från NFL. Olika utfall av drives modelleras som separata absorberande tillstånd i Markovkedjan. Absorptionssannolikheter beräknas, vilka representerar sannolikheterna för de olika utfallen. Resultaten testas mot en Markovkedja där övergångsmatrisen fås genom frekvensanalys. Tre olika poängregler föredrar enhälligt den regressionsbaserade modellen. Modellens tillämpning berör sportbetting. Med hjälp av Markovmodellen bör en spelare kunna ta statistiskt underbyggda beslut i deras betting. Möjligheterna att skapa ett företag baserat på Markovmodellen diskuteras.
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Curry, Graham. "Football : a study in diffusion." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7821.
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The subject of this thesis is the diffusion of the game of football, tracing its development back to the more prestigious English public schools, through the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford and into adult society. Early club formation and the gradual nationalisation of the game throughout Britain, with particular reference to England and Scotland, is studied in detail. Careful examination is made of the initial meetings of the Football Association leading to the bifurcation of the sport into soccer and rugby. From that point the study concentrates on the Association form, looking especially at the emergence of professional players. The global diffusion of Association Football from the United Kingdom is also analysed. The underlying task of this study, however, is to test Eric Dunning's theory of status rivalry between the English public schools of Eton and Rugby, a rivalry which was partially expressed through the promotion of their particular styles of football.
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Rabinovich, Daniel. "A molecule for football fans." Revista de Química, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99465.
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Una molécula para los aficionados al fútbol (El descubrimiento de los Fullerenos y su aparición en las estampillas del Reino Unido)A molecule for football fans (The discovery of fullerenes and their appearance on stamps UK)
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Nédélec, Mathieu. "Fatigue et récupération en football." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S014.
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Lorsque les joueurs de football réalisent plus d’un match par semaine, la durée de récupération entre deux rencontres successives pourrait être insuffisante, ce qui entraînerait une augmentation du nombre de blessures et/ou une diminution de la performance en match. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’identifier les facteurs (environnementaux, intrinsèques, position sur le terrain) susceptibles d’influencer la fatigue et les cinétiques de récupération de joueurs de football professionnels après un match. La présente thèse comprenait quatre études ayant pour objectifs d’analyser l’influence des courses et actions de jeu réalisées au cours d’un match (duel, saut, frappe/centre, tacle, changement de direction) ainsi que la surface de jeu (herbe naturelle contre surface synthétique) sur les cinétiques de récupération de marqueurs de performance physique, cognitive, subjectifs et biochimiques. Nos résultats ont montré que les courses réalisées au cours d’un match de football ne sont pas la cause principale de la fatigue générée par le match. Cette fatigue est également fonction des actions de jeu (duel, saut, frappe et changement de direction) réalisées au cours du match. La fatigue générée par le match est fonction de la position occupée sur le terrain (gardiens de but contre joueurs de champ). La surface de jeu n’influence pas les cinétiques de récupération de joueurs habitués à la surface synthétique. Ces résultats devraient permettre d’optimiser dans le futur les stratégies de récupération réalisées après le matchDuring periods when the schedule is particularly congested (i.e. two matches per week over several weeks), the recovery time allowed between two successive matches may be insufficient. As a result, players may experience underperformance and/or injury. The overall aim of the present thesis was to identify underlying factors (environmental and intrinsic factors, playing position) that contribute to fatigue and recovery time of professional soccer players after a match. Four experimental studies were conducted to investigate the influence of soccer running activity profile, playing actions performed during a match (i.e. contact, jump, shot/long pass, tackle, change of direction) and playing surface (natural grass versus artificial turf) on the recovery kinetics of physical performance, cognitive performance, subjective ratings and biochemical parameters. Results showed that soccer running performance does not appear to be the main cause for post soccer match-induced fatigue. Post-match fatigue and recovery time depend on playing actions performed during the match (contact, jump, shot/long pass and change of direction). Post-match fatigue depends on playing position (goalkeepers versus outfield players). Playing surface does not impact recovery kinetics among regular artificial turf players. Present results may promote the prescription of more efficient and individualized recovery practices after soccer match
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Gleason, Benjamin H., James B. Kramer, and Michael H. Stone. "Agility Training for American Football." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4630.
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Agility and change of direction training is an under-studied topic in American football. A considerable amount of research has been performed with athletes competing in other contact sports. As such, evaluating methods that have shown to improve agility in other sports may lead to new methods to enhance football performance. A framework of the methods used by a highly successful NCAA Division-1 football championship subdivision team is included as a model that may show promise in enhancing football performance.
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Van, Der Meij Nienke. "Family matters in African football migration: an analysis of the role of family, agency and football academies in the mobility of Ghanaian football players." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665506.
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For some years now, African football labour migration has been of academic and public concern. With a number of notable exceptions, much of the existing academic research on African football migration has been framed in terms of its macro-level structural determinants. This thesis specifically concentrates on the role of football academies in the Ghanaian football migration industry, and seeks to position agency and the ways that it is employed to navigate through the structural constraints that young players encounter as part of their experience of entering, living in and exiting football academies. The overarching research question is whether internal migration to a football academy features as a household livelihood strategy for international migration. Drawing on nine months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in Ghana, three specific, hitherto unexplored aspects of African football migration are addressed: 1) the role of the family in processes of athletic relocation; 2) the movement of young players into academies as a process of internal migration; and 3) the experiences of international immobility of Ghanaian academy players. To tackle this research question and related caveats, and to capture the multiplicity and complexity involved with academy players' internal migration, Mabogunje's (1970) migration system theory is reworked to an Integrated migration model, which is used as a heuristic framework to analyse the ways in which the various stages of football players' internal migration trajectory are experienced and navigated by players and their family members. It is demonstrated that a meso-level approach, that accords significance to the family as a unit of analysis, provides a unique insight into the social processes that underpin the mobility and immobility of young Ghanaian football players, and reveals that the role of football academies in the migration of African football players is a complex and dynamic reality, informed by a series of social forces.
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Gloriozova, Ekaterina. ""The football factory": Passion du football et fabrique du politique en Russie soviétique et postsoviétique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/270143.
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La thèse porte sur les dimensions politiques de la passion du football en Russie soviétique et postsoviétique et vise à répondre à la question suivante :comment, et dans quelle mesure le supportérisme footballistique est-il susceptible de produire des effets politiques ?En d’autres termes, en quoi et comment la passion du football peut-elle s’avérer politisante dans le contexte russe ?La recherche repose sur une méthodologie qualitative combinant d’une part, des entretiens individuels et collectifs approfondis avec des supporters de différents clubs de football moscovites et d’autre part, une analyse de réseaux sociaux supportéristes. La thèse se structure en six temps :un chapitre théorique, trois chapitres privilégiant une approche plus « macro », attentive aux effets du contexte socio-politique russe, et deux chapitres évaluant l’influence du supportérisme en tant que tel sur les processus de politisation à un niveau plus micro.Le premier chapitre sert à poser les bases théoriques de notre objet. Nous y interrogeons la passion du football en tant qu’objet politique. Dans un premier temps, nous élargissons le champ théorique habituellement utilisé en sociologie du sport dans l’étude du supportérisme, pour considérer ce dernier à travers les catégories du loisir et de la passion. Dans un second temps, nous proposons un état de l’art sur les dimensions politiques du loisir et de la passion à partir duquel nous élaborons un cadre théorique pour notre recherche. Le deuxième chapitre interroge la dimension subversive de la passion pour le football en URSS. Nous y retraçons tout d’abord les diverses significations politiques de la passion du football, depuis son apparition en Russie à la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu’à la fin des années 1960, en prêtant notamment attention aux écarts entre d’une part, les valeurs officielles assignées au sport par le pouvoir soviétique et d’autre part, les pratiques des passionnés de football. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement à la période allant du début des années 1970 jusqu’à la fin de l’URSS, qui correspond à l’émergence de groupes de supporters organisés en tant que subculture spécifique. Nous montrons en particulier l’ambiguïté du supportérisme de cette époque, qui se présente tantôt comme une forme de résistance symbolique ou violente au régime soviétique, tantôt comme un exemple d’adaptation négociée avec le pouvoir en période de changements politiques majeurs. Le troisième chapitre se centre quant à lui sur la place du nationalisme au sein du supportérisme russe à la fin de l’URSS et dans les années 1990, ces dernières correspondant à la phase de structuration de la subculture supportériste russe. Dans un premier temps, nous tentons d’esquisser des contours théoriques applicables au nationalisme russe. Dans un second temps, nous interrogeons le supportérisme en tant que reflet et catalyseur de tensions nationales à la fin de l’URSS. Dans un troisième temps, nous analysons l’influence du modèle hooligan britannique et son rôle dans la pénétration et la banalisation du nationalisme radical au sein du supportérisme russe. Enfin, dans un cinquième temps, nous tentons de montrer en quoi le contexte politique et social de cette période se présente comme particulièrement propice au développement d’une subculture centrée sur le nationalisme « ethnique ». Le quatrième chapitre se propose d’explorer les liens du supportérisme organisé avec le pouvoir politique et d’interroger plus globalement la place du nationalisme dans le système politique russe contemporain. Dans une première partie, nous présentons la manière dont l’instauration d’un large consensus autour de thèmes nationalistes et la mise en place, par le pouvoir, d’une stratégie de contrôle du milieu nationaliste extraparlementaire influe sur la proximité des supporters avec ce dernier et sur leurs positionnements idéologiques. Ensuite, nous nous focalisons plus spécifiquement sur les premières revendications des supporters organisés en Russie, en montrant qu’elles constituent un miroir du nationalisme extraparlementaire. Dans un troisième temps, nous présentons les transformations subies par le hooliganisme russe, en les replaçant dans le cadre du consensus nationaliste soutenu par un discours de valorisation du sport. Enfin, la dernière partie du chapitre est consacrée à l’évolution des relations entre le pouvoir politique et les supporters organisés de 2000 à 2016.Dans le cinquième chapitre, nous analysons la fonction expressive du supportérisme en Russie contemporaine. Dans une première partie, nous nous penchons sur le rôle spécifique du stade et des outils supportéristes dans la structuration des messages et revendications supportéristes. Ensuite, nous interrogeons la spécificité des expressions racistes dans les stades russes en essayant de répondre à la question suivante :signalent-elles une politisation du supportérisme, ou s’inscrivent-elles dans un mouvement inverse, où le politique se met au service d’enjeux sportifs ?La deuxième partie du chapitre est quant à elle consacrée plus largement à la manière dont les éléments constitutifs de la subculture supportériste sont susceptibles d’agir comme des supports du nationalisme radical. Nous y étudions en particulier le rôle joué par le style vestimentaire ou encore les tatouages dans la production d’un « nationalisme ordinaire ». Enfin, nous nous penchons sur la construction de ce dernier au sein des modes de communication supportéristes, caractérisés par l’utilisation de réseaux sociaux et le recours à un registre humoristique.Dans le sixième et dernier chapitre, nous continuons à explorer les processus de politisation routiniers en nous intéressant cette fois-ci aux discours supportéristes. Il s’agit d’étudier la façon dont les supporters mobilisent le football (expériences, pratiques, représentations qui y sont liées) pour construire leur raisonnement sur des sujets politiques plus globaux. Dans ce chapitre, la politisation autour des thèmes supportéristes est explorée au sein de deux parties :la première est consacrée à la construction de sentiments patriotiques et de représentations politiques autour du thème spécifique de l’équipe nationale de football russe ;la deuxième partie du chapitre est quant à elle dédiée à une analyse plus systématique et détaillée des différentes ressources susceptibles d’intervenir dans les mécanismes de politisation au sein des discours supportéristes. En définitive, cette thèse contribue à la fois à la sociologie du sport, en proposant un schéma explicatif pour appréhender les dimensions politiques du supportérisme footballistique ;et à l’étude de la politique russe, en mettant à jour les divers mécanismes de politisation susceptibles de se produire dans le champ des loisirs.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Melling, Alethea Elisabeth Anne. "'Ladies' football' : gender and the socialisation of women football players in Lancashire, c.1916-1960." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1999. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21909/.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the significance of, to use their own term, ladies' football in the context of shifting social values with regard to gender roles and the socialisation of working - class women c. 1916 - 1960. The thesis will focus on ladies' football in Lancashire and surrounding districts from the end of the First World War, to the beginnings of the second wave of feminism, which marked the end of an era for the sport. Firstly, it is important to explain the use of the term ladies' rather than women's football. The term ladies' football was imposed by the patriarchal structures from which it developed in order to feminise the game and distinguish it from male football. This was consented to by the players who did not wish to be considered 'mannish'. The term lasted until the 1960's, when women began to take control of their own game. The term 'girls' is my own term and is used to describe the age group of the majority of the players. This must not be confused with the terms girlish' or girly', which are often used in a derogatory manner to undermine women's sports. Ladies' football developed out of the circumstances of the First World War. As a result of the war women were thrown into male spheres in the home, work place and sports field. Munitions girls were encouraged play football and take part in athletic competitions as a morale boosting exercise to raise money for war related charities. This behaviour, although contrary to traditional gender roles, was approved by the establishment as part of the 'plucky heroine' ideology of munitions work. However, this was only a temporary sanctioning and in the drive to return to pre - war social forms, football was amongst the many male spheres women were expected to relinquish. However, despite ideological and legislative pressure, the sport continued as a subculture throughout the 1920's, 1930's and the period after the Second World War until the early 1960's, when it was eftectively reorganised into its present format. Despite its early success, ladies' football has received limited attention from academics. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the significance of ladies' football in terms of gender roles and the socialisation of working - class women in Lancashire. The thesis will address five salient themes starting with the development of the sport in munitions factories during the First World War. It will go on to explore the sporting 'entente cordiale' that developed as a result of international ladies' football matches arranged between Britain and France immediately after the war. Furthermore, the study will address how the popularity of such teams as Dick, Kerr's Ladies inspired women and girls from mining communities in the north - west and north - east to form their own teams for the duration of the 1921 Miners' lock - Out, in order to raise money to fund the pea - soup' kitchens that fed the miners' children. In 1921, the Football Association banned ladies' football from being played on its grounds, with devastating consequences for the game. The thesis looks closely at the social and political context of this decision and the pro - natalist ideology that governed attitudes towards women's sport until the 1960's. Ladies' football became a very important part of popular culture during and immediately after the the First World War and in the opinion of certain writers, the struggle with the Football Association represented women's struggles to maintain the social and economic advantages they had gained in other spheres. From 1921 - 1925, the 'football heroine' became a significant feature in popular sporting fiction for working - class girls. The thesis looks at the intent of this fiction, and evaluates its didactic role in informing young women about the importance of keeping hold of the rights and freedoms they had gained during the war. Finally, the study will conclude by asking the question: to what extent was ladies' football a victim of its own early success? By examining these salient themes, this thesis challenges notion that ladies' football was insignificant and explores a whole new area of hitherto unanswered questions with regard to working - class women's physical culture.
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Whatley, Jason. "Cardiff City fans : a sociological explanation of their involvement in football cultures and football violence." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/cardiff-city-fans(57a6ce33-f5f5-4baf-a1bf-cb69cee845db).html.
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This research aims to provide an accurate and more conceptually advanced view of football violence as practiced by Cardiff City fans both past and present, than the accepted views of football already available at an academic level. Expanding on work carried out at dissertation level, the research will attempt to provide a new model of football violence, and this will be constructed through the use of a variety of research methods to better understand football hooliganism as a socio-cultural phenomenon existing within the general field of football. Football as a field of activity will be discussed, as will the fact that whilst being a field of socio-cultural activity, professional football also has developed as a distinct market. The work aims to show why certain Cardiff City F.C. fans are not content to just watch their team participate, but who through a small leap of imagination cast themselves in the role of direct participant representing the team in the contest that is football hooliganism. Also to be discussed is why certain fans (usually at a formative age) would see those with a hooligan identity at Cardiff City F.C. as best representing their interests within the field, and who then go on to adopt a hooligan identity. The interests of Cardiff City fans within the field are explored, as are the specific set of social relations that have emerged. The emergence of the casuals as a socio-cultural category is examined as is media representations of them and in a reflexive manner the role of the police within the field is also examined. Finally the research aims to show how a group such as the Soul Crew, has by a combination of continued presence and growth within the field, gone on to become one of the dominant forces within the activity.
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Akhlaque, Saba, and Elie Flouti. "Accounting in Football : A Study on the Human resource accounting of football players in Allsvenskan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317294.
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Human resource accounting has grown in importance over the past few years as organizations that heavily rely on their labour force and their skills seek to account for them as assets to reflect their output. Football clubs fall into that category as players are vital for the success of the team. Accounting regulations such as the UEFA financial fair play exist in order to help football clubs account for their players as intangible assets on their balance sheets. However, there are uncertainties over the effectiveness of existing regulations as youth players and Bosman players for example are exempted and there are difficulties in specifying what it is that players account for. The authors study 4 clubs that compete in Allsvenskan as well as UEFA competitions in order to determine if Swedish teams present a fair and true value of their human resources. The authors find that despite the fact that balance sheets show a great degree of consistency between clubs and all meet minimum requirements set by ruling bodies, financial reporting in football still has some way to go in order to fully reflect the true value of players.
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Tenèze, Ludovic. "Histoire du football : le Board et l’analyse des transformations des lois du jeu." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05L002.
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Notre recherche concerne l'histoire des lois du jeu de football et l'analyse de leurs transformations et incidences. Le passage du jeu au sport est un processus complexe. La possibilité de jouer hors des cercles de proximité nécessite une codification commune, et la création d'une assemblée représentative en charge des lois du jeu. Cette mission est assurée depuis 1886, par l'International Football Association Board. Cette institution traditionnelle, considérée comme "la gardienne des lois du jeu", contrôlée en grande partie par les Britanniques, a le pouvoir de changer la loi. L'étude quantitative des archives met en lumière des centaines d'ajustements ou de propositions concrètes pour modifier le règlement, et des dizaines d'expérimentations. Ces dernières sont réalisées dans des conditions de matchs pour mesurer l'impact réel d'un éventuel amendement de la loi sur le jeu. Les archives du "Board" permettent de porter un regard original sur l'histoire du football, de son règlement appréhendé comme un véritable système de lois en interaction. Ce corpus questionne, la stabilité apparente des dix sept lois du jeu, selon la classification établie par Sir Stanley Rous. Les continuités, les ruptures et les résistances au changement sont analysées depuis 1886 pour chaque loi. Des perspectives sont également envisagées, en partie inspirées par des règles appliquées dans d'autres sports collectifsOur research concerns the history of the laws of the game of football and the analysis of their transformations and effects. The passage from play to sport is a complex process. The opportunity to play outside the circles of proximity requires a common coding and the creation of a representative assembly in charge of the laws of the game. This mission is accomplished since 1886, by the International Football Association Board. This traditional institution, considered "the guardian of the Laws of the Game", largely controlled by the British, has the power to change the law. The quantitative study of the archives reveals hundreds of adjustments or specific proposals to amend the regulations, and dozens of experiments. These are made under conditions of matches to measure the real impact of a possible amendment to the law on playing. The archives of the "Board" can bring an original look at the history of soccer, its rules seen as a true system of law interact. This body questions the apparent stability of the seventeen laws of the game, according to the classification established by Sir Stanley Rous. Continuities, ruptures and resistance to change since 1886 are analyzed for each law. Perspectives are also considered, partly inspired by the rules applied to other sports