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Journal articles on the topic 'Football'
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1
Dunn, Marcus, Dyfan Davies, and John Hart. "Effect of Football Size and Mass in Youth Football Head Impacts." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049029.
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In youth association football, the use of different size and/or mass footballs might represent a feasible intervention for addressing heading impact severity and player safety concerns. This study assessed the effects of football size and mass on head impacts based on defensive heading in youth football. Three-dimensional trajectories of U16 youth academy free kicks were modelled to derive three impact trajectories, representing defensive heading in youth football. Three football models (standard: S5, standard-light: S5L, and small: S4) impacted an instrumented headform; Head Injury Criterion (HIC15) and Rotational Injury Criterion (RIC15) were calculated. For headform impacts, S4 and S5L footballs yielded lower HIC15 magnitudes than S5 footballs. Further, S4 footballs yielded lower HIC15 and lower RIC15 magnitudes than S5 and S5L footballs. Initial findings indicated that smaller, S4 footballs reduced linear and rotational head injury criteria for impacts representative of defensive heading in youth football.
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Onomo, Modeste Ghislain, and Pierre Chazaud. "Tensions internes d'une équipe amateur – Football fédéral et foot auto-organisé." Diversité 171, no. 1 (2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/diver.2013.3690.
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Les joueurs du Grigny Football Club (GFC) sont adeptes de deux footballs aux logiques sportives opposées : le football fédéral dont les arbitres sont chargés de faire appliquer les règles et le football autoorganisé aux règles négociables. La présence des deux footballs au sein du GFC donne lieu à un troisième type de pratique de «football métissé». Toutefois, la faible cohésion sportive de l’équipe et de ses dirigeants se traduit par une série de défaites durant le championnat.
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Zhou, Jiawei. "PITCHEYE: YOLOV5 AND BYTETRACK FOOTBALL PLAYER TRACKING SYSTEM IN FOOTBALL VIDEOS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 09, no. 01 (May 1, 2024): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2024.v09i01.002.
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Football, a universally beloved sport, captivates mil- lions of spectators worldwide. This paper explores the challenges of tracking football action in videos and presents the PitchEye project—a revolutionary initiative integrating YOLOv5 and ByteTrack algorithms for enhanced football video analysis. We detail the methodologies, results, and discussions on the performance of these algorithms, showcasing their strengths and limitations in tracking players, goalkeepers, footballs, and referees. YOLOv5, using the best.pt model, achieves mean detection rates of over 0.8 for goalkeepers, referees, players, and footballs, with notable improvements over default model results. In contrast, ByteTrack excels in accurately predicting trajectories for players and goal- keepers but faces challenges with smaller objects like footballs and swiftly moving referees. Despite these challenges, ByteTrack demonstrates commendable overall performance, showcasing its potential as a valuable tool for comprehensive object tracking in dynamic football video environments
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Paskevice, Alma, Jurate Pozeriene, Olena Dyka, Inna Asauliuk, and Dana Olefir. "Refugees children and youth social skills education in football activities." Independent Journal of Management & Production 12, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): s584—s609. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i6.1780.
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The number of sports programs in the world to promote various integration processes is growing rapidly. Physical activity and sport, and football in particular, are an excellent strategy for dealing with the various resettlement challenges of refugee children and youth (Stura, 2019; Anderson et al., 2019; Robinson et al., 2019; Svensson & Woods, 2017; UN Refugee Agency, 2019). Scientific problem question: how are the social skills of refugee children and youth developed in a group of football activities? Aim: to analyze the concept of social skills development in a group of football activities for refugee children and youth and to identify problems of social skills development. Objectives of the research: To highlight the peculiarities of physical activity of refugee children. To reveal the role of social skills in the development of social skills of refugee children through physical activity in the integration process. To analyze the results of the practical evaluation of the football program “Football3” developed by the international network “STREET FOOTBALL WORD”. The result: Football has always been closely linked to the phenomenon of forced migration worldwide. Football or physical activity has the incredible power to help shape the future and give hope to refugee children and youth living in other countries. The study revealed that the development of a football program and the productivity of practical efficiency were determined by the service provider's experience in volunteering abroad as a football coach using the Football3 method. According to informants, the stability of the structure of the football program emerged after the third season.
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Baird, Katherine. "Dominance in College Football and the Role of Scholarship Restrictions." Journal of Sport Management 18, no. 3 (July 2004): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.18.3.217.
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This article examines the relationship between player compensation in college football and competitive balance on the field. It shows that National Collegiate Athletic Association rule changes restricting football-player compensation are not associated with an improvement in football’s competitive balance. Although college football is marginally more balanced than professional sports in any given year, an examination of cumulative records spanning numerous seasons proves college football to be as unbalanced as professional sports. The movement toward reducing player compensation, coincident with an increasing value to player talent, raises issues over how the financial gain from college football talent should be used. The significant degree of talent (and financial) imbalance among college football teams suggests that more attention should be paid to the determinants of talent distribution in college football.
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Kilvington, Daniel, and John Price. "Tackling Social Media Abuse? Critically Assessing English Football’s Response to Online Racism." Communication & Sport 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479517745300.
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Although English football has, to some extent, managed the problem of racism in and around football matches, recent years have seen an increase in football-related racist content published on social media. Footballers are frequently the target or subject of such abuse and occasionally the source of it. In this context, this article explores and critically assesses the response of English football’s institutions, organisations, and clubs to the problem of racism on social media. Its findings are based on interviews with key officials from the Professional Footballers’ Association and Kick It Out and with safeguarding and media officers from football clubs across the English Premier League and English Football League. It concludes there are a number of systematic failings undermining or hindering football’s attempts to address this issue including poor coordination, a lack of clear guidelines, ad hoc educational provision, a shortage of resources, and a culture of secrecy at many clubs. This article concludes with some recommendations about how these weaknesses may start to be improved.
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Hu, Jiahao. "Research on predicting football matches based on handicap data and BPNN." Applied and Computational Engineering 31, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/31/20230118.
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Football is one of the most influential sports in the world, and billions of people around the globe pay much attention to the football matches. With the growing popularity of football and the continuous development of the football betting industry, the prediction of the outcomes of football matches has become a hot topic in the commercial operations of sports especially footballs in recent years. It is also an important subject of academic research. In this paper, we develop a football match result prediction model based on the back propagation neural network. We take the German Bundesliga competitions as the research object in this paper. In addition to utilizing historical statistic data and team attributes from previous matches, we also incorporate a new dataset, known as handicap data, which refers to the odds data of the football matches, as the input layer of the BPNN (back propagation neural networks) for prediction. We also innovatively use varying numbers of hidden nodes, which greatly improves the prediction accuracy and stability of the model. Experimental results indicate that the average prediction accuracy of this football match prediction model is around 57.2%, with the highest prediction accuracy reaching 59.8% and the lowest prediction accuracy at 53.8%. The prediction model demonstrates relative stability, with no significant fluctuations in prediction accuracy.
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Bachynski, Kathleen. "“When Fathers Beam and Mothers Wince”." Journal of Sport History 51, no. 2 (2024): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21558450.51.2.05.
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Abstract Since the late nineteenth century, the figure of the “worried mother” has featured prominently in popular debates about American football's risks and benefits. This article analyzes portrayals of mothers’ concerns about concussions and other youth football injuries in newspapers, journals, and sports magazines. Mothers occasionally penned opinion columns or were quoted in news stories, but most commonly, the “worried mother” was depicted by male sportswriters, physicians, and coaches writing about football safety. The “worried mother” posed an existential threat to youth football should she prohibit her son from participating or insist on a wholesale transformation of the rules; she thus needed to be reassured by coaches and league administrators. From nineteenth-century appeals to the “gentler sex” to the early twenty-first-century “moms’ clinics” sponsored by the National Football League, narratives surrounding “worried mothers” profoundly shaped popular perceptions of youth football's risks.
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Móczik, Alexandra Cintia, and Júlia Patakiné Bősze. "Unveiling the Motivations and Challenges: an Introspection into Women's Football in Hungary." Recreation 14, no. 2 (August 30, 2024): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21486/recreation.2024.14.2.3.
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The article evaluates the current state of hungarian women's football. It recognizes progress in the women's game while addressing persistent challenges like social perceptions and financial disparities. The research aims to comprehend the motivation of Hungarian adult female football and futsal players, exploring aspects such as the supportive environment and reasons for sustained engagement (N=175). Findings reveal the dual nature of women's football in Hungary, encompassing both competitive and recreational aspects. We delve into players' sentiments, thoughts of quitting, and future plans within the sport. The motivation analysis underscores the prevalence of intrinsic motivation rooted in genuine interest, with elite players exhibiting stronger extrinsic motivation. The study emphasizes football's positive impact and advocates for promoting physical activity and lifelong engagement. In conclusion, we calls for further development in women's football, addressing challenges and promoting recreational aspects. It advocates for strategies to reduce dropout rates and highlights football's potential for positive societal changes.
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Moorhouse, Herbert F. "It’s Goals That Count? Football Finance and Football Subcultures." Sociology of Sport Journal 3, no. 3 (September 1986): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.3.3.245.
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In Britain, professional football (soccer) is the major sport and has been the focus of considerable sociological study. This paper argues that previous studies, which have concentrated on football’s relation to class relations and class cultures, have erred by ignoring the role of football finance. Evidence is provided about the relation in Britain between two professional leagues, the English and the Scottish; and the financial situation of four major clubs, two from each side of the border, is traced to reveal significant differences between them. These variations are then used to show how particular patterns of football finance feed into the symbols and images that surround the game in Scotland and that feed into the popular culture of that country in a way which preempts class as the most fruitful line of analysis.
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Madsen, Rob. "The Cost of Conservatism." Journal of Sport History 50, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21558450.50.1.06.
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Abstract In college football, winning begets winning and losing begets losing. So why did the University of Minnesota, no doubt among college football's elite before World War II, not follow this rich-get-richer trajectory, and what does their descent suggest about the nature of college football? Minnesota fell because of their reluctance to change in a rapidly changing world. College football evolved especially quickly after World War II, but Minnesota's famous football coach, Bernie Bierman, and the new university president, James Morrill, clung to notions of college football that had been popular before the war but were antiquated after it. Bierman continued to deploy old-fashioned strategies, while Morrill's persistent advocacy for the less-commercialized rules of the pre–World War II era hampered recruiting and discouraged the best young coaches from working at Minnesota. The school's unique fall suggests that college football rewards conformity, that unilateral attempts to change the game will fail, and that conservatism has an enduring cost.
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Hay, Roy. "A tale of two footballs: the origins of Australian football and association football revisited." Sport in Society 13, no. 6 (July 27, 2010): 952–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2010.491265.
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Grizzle, Gary. "Book Review: Paolo Sollier, Kicks, Spits & Headers: The Autobiographical Reflections of an Accidental Footballer." Theory in Action 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2305.
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Paolo Sollier was an Italian professional football player in the 1970s who was celebrated by some and reviled by others for his unflinching Marxist views. His book, Kicks, Spits, & Headers: The Autobiographical Reflections of an Accidental Footballer, was originally published in 1976 and is now available in English for the first time through the joint efforts of Autonomedia and Minor Compositions. In this volume, Sollier presents his reflections in a series of vignettes about the world as he experienced it as an accidental footballer. That is, as someone who drifted into (rather than eagerly pursued a career in) professional football. Even though they are presented in scattered vignettes, these reflections articulate coherent viewpoints on football, politics, and the intersection of the two during a turbulent period in post-World War II Italian history.
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Boli, Claude, and Laurent-Sébastien Fournier. "Musical Stroll in Manchester with Éric Cantona, “The King”." Journal of Festive Studies 6 (December 16, 2024): 137–36. https://doi.org/10.33823/jfs.2024.6.1.211.
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In this autobiographical essay, a former football player reminisces about the musical strolls he took with footballer Éric Cantona in Manchester, England, in the 1990s, as well as the rituals that marked Cantona’s football games. This piece reflects on the musical atmosphere of the city that accompanies the practice of professional football. It reminds us how sport relies on the inventiveness of the fans, who, for example, sometimes change the words of pop tunes to celebrate their heroes. It also sheds light on the relationships between music, place, and time.
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Brewer, Benjamin D. "The commercial transformation of world football and the North–South divide: A global value chain analysis." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 4 (July 24, 2017): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217721176.
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This paper takes a world-systemic perspective on global football seen through the lens of the Global North–South political–economic divide that has long motivated development studies. After synthesizing an historical account of the commercial transformation of world football since the mid-1970s, the paper considers the organization and operation of the world football economy using the analytical construct of the “global value chains” perspective. The analysis identifies two distinct football governance structures that broadly correspond to the “producer-driven” and “buyer-driven” governance structures long identified by commodity/value chain scholars, and that imply different flows of resources across world football’s North–South divide. The paper concludes by considering implications of the value chain governance structures for both the value chains and sports studies literatures.
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Altungul, Oguzhan, and M. Fatıh Karahüseyinoğlu. "Determining the Level of Fanaticism and Football Fanship to University Athletes." Journal of Education and Training Studies 5, no. 11 (October 29, 2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i11.2742.
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It is the area that surrounds the broad masses of football, which includes the economic and social dimensions of the whole world. The reason why soccer is so influential is the question of the amount of football that is interested in football. The reason why soccer is so influential is the question of the amount of football that is interested in football. The concepts (fan, fanatic, and hooligan) that are included in the audience pattern are integrated with the football branch. The aim of this study, which was developed from the basic hypothesis that the opinions of university students on football advocacy / fanaticism levels will be different in terms of various variables, determines the support level of university students. In order to achieve this aim, a total of 438 students from Firat University were applied to the "Football Fanaticism Scale" consisting of 13 questions. University students are called "fanatic" in the total score 13-21, "team supporter" in the interval 22-30, and "footballer" in the range 31-52 points. 66.7% of college athletes are male and 33.3% are female. The majority (54.8%) quit active sports and 45.2% still continue to play active sports. The percentage of active participants in team sports is 61.4%. University athletes categorized themselves as "football lover" (48.2%), "fanatic" (27.6%) and "team supporter" (24.2%) respectively. The average score of university athletes from FFS is; It is in the category of "football lover" with an average score of 36.68 in the range of 31-52 points. There was a meaningful relationship between university sportsmen and men, individual sportsmen and age groups in terms of team support. University sportsmen’s interest in football is generally considered to be "football lover" when it is examined in terms of various variables.
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MCCLUSKEY, JOHN MICHAEL. "“This Is Ghetto Row”: Musical Segregation in American College Football." Journal of the Society for American Music 14, no. 3 (August 2020): 337–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175219632000022x.
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AbstractA historical overview of college football's participants exemplifies the diversification of mainstream American culture from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first. The same cannot be said for the sport's audience, which remains largely white American. Gerald Gems maintains that football culture reinforces the construction of American identity as “an aggressive, commercial, white, Protestant, male society.” Ken McLeod echoes this perspective in his description of college football's musical soundscape, “white-dominated hard rock, heavy metal, and country music—in addition to marching bands.” This article examines musical segregation in college football, drawing from case studies and interviews conducted in 2013 with university music coordinators from the five largest collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. These case studies reveal several trends in which music is used as a tool to manipulate and divide college football fans and players along racial lines, including special sections for music associated with blackness, musical selections targeted at recruits, and the continued position of the marching band—a European military ensemble—as the musical representative of the sport. These areas reinforce college football culture as a bastion of white strength despite the diversity among player demographics.
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Antonowicz, Dominik, Honorata Jakubowska, and Radosław Kossakowski. "Marginalised, patronised and instrumentalised: Polish female fans in the ultras’ narratives." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218782828.
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Since the 1990s there has been a growing number of female supporters following football clubs and there is little doubt that they have recently become an important part of the audience for both football authorities and clubs. The process of football’s feminisation is neither simple nor is it taking place in a social vacuum, and female fans are encountering well-institutionalised football fandom culture, which is deeply entrenched in stadium rituals. This paper offers an empirical study of roles assigned to women in football fandom culture and the way in which this has been done in order reproduce a “traditional” social order on the Polish football stands. In doing so, it examines the grass-roots ultras’ magazine To My Kibice (We are the fans) that belongs to an increasingly popular type of fan magazine, which was developed from popular homemade football fanzines in the 1980s. The analyses provide evidence that female supporters are either marginalised (not being counted as regular fans), patronised or instrumentalised by their male peers. These strategies are visible both in language and in the social contexts in which women on the stands are described.
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Carré, M. J., S. R. Goodwill, and S. J. Haake. "Understanding the Effect of Seams on the Aerodynamics of an Association Football." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x31463.
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The aerodynamic properties of an association football were measured using a wind tunnel arrangement. A third scale model of a generic football (with seams) was used in addition to a ‘mini-football’. As the wind speed was increased, the drag coefficient decreased from 0.5 to 0.2, suggesting a transition from laminar to turbulent behaviour in the boundary layer. For spinning footballs, the Magnus effect was observed and it was found that reverse Magnus effects were possible at low Reynolds numbers. Measurements on spinning smooth spheres found that laminar behaviour led to a high drag coefficient for a large range of Reynolds numbers, and Magnus effects were inconsistent, but generally showed reverse Magnus behaviour at high Reynolds number and spin parameter. Trajectory simulations of free kicks demonstrated that a football that is struck in the centre will follow a near straight trajectory, dipping slightly before reaching the goal, whereas a football that is struck off centre will bend before reaching the goal, but will have a significantly longer flight time. The curving kick simulation was repeated for a smooth ball, which resulted in a longer flight time, due to increased drag, and the ball curving in the opposite direction, due to reverse Magnus effects. The presence of seams was found to encourage turbulent behaviour, resulting in reduced drag and more predictable Magnus behaviour for a conventional football, compared with a smooth ball.
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Protsyk, Iryna. "Football Terminology of the 1st Half of the 20th Century in the Text." Terminological Bulletin, no. 4 (2017): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-281-288.
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Functioning of football vocabulary in artistic texts has become the centre of attention of Ukrainian linguists over past years. In this research analysis of football terminology of the 1st half of ХХ century in the little-known comedy with afootball plot written by the inhabitant of Lviv Ivan Kernytskyi «Korol striltsiv» (the footballer who scored the most goals) (Krakiv – Lviv, 1943) has been made. In this article an attempt has been made to trace how a Ukrainian writer of interwar period, while writing a humorous play with a football plot, used special football vocabulary which was actively forming in the Ukrainian language in the 1st half of ХХ century. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the variety of functioning of football terminology in the 1st half of ХХ century in the structure of an artistic text on the football theme. On the basis of the analysis of functioning of football terms of the 1st half of ХХ century in comedy by Ivan Kernytskyi it has become possible to find out the following: 1) in this work terminological units from the most important thematic groups of football vocabulary have been used; 2) the largest are the following thematic groups of football terms: names of football actions (kopaty, kopaty miacha, hraty, hraty na vorotakh, hraty na pravomu luchnyku, hraty pryzemno, hraty hostro, favliuvaty, kosyty, rozbyvaty, patalashyty, striliaty bomby, braty miach na nohu, nakynuty hostre tempo, nakynuty vysoku hru, trenuvaty, vyhraty zmahania, pereity do ekstra-kliasy), names of participants of a football match (futbolist, kopun, pravyi luchnyk, strilets, korol striltsiv, pomich, zirka, futbolna zirka, zirka ukraiinskoho sportu, sportova zirka, prymadonna, zmahun, sportovets, sportsmen, suddia), names of football games, battles, tournaments, football institutions (futbol, miach, kopanyi miach, sport, zmahannia, futbolni zmahannia, vyrishni zmahannia, zmahannia za mystetstvo, persha polovyna, mystetstvo, druzhyna, kliub, sportovyi kliub, sportive tovarystvo), names of a football field, football equipment (hryshche, hryshche kopanoho miacha, polovyna hryshcha, krylo, karne pole, vorota, brama, shtantsiata, futbolivky); 3) among the stated terms lexemes used in direct meaning prevail; 4) there are terms which have undergone semantic transformations, first of all, they have gained figurative sense. Observations over functioning of football terminology in the analyzed drama has made possible to find out certain tendencies of formation of national football terminological system during its most intensive period of development; in particular, it has been shown how selection of one, the most used term out of the synonymic row was made and how polysemy was created. Thus, the humorous play by Ivan Kernytskyi is an authentic source of valuable information about development of Ukrainian football discourse in the 1st half of ХХ century.
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Luković-Jablanović, Dragica. "Role of sport in promotion of education at Catholic University of Notre Dame in South Bend, USA." Sport - nauka i praksa 13, no. 1 (2023): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/snp13-1-45418.
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This paper investigates the value of the Notre Dame University football4 program for its educational marketing and finances. A strong interdependence between economy, politics, mass media, and sport caused an exceptional popularity of football in the USA. The University of Notre Dame, Indiana was one of the first to adjust to this trend by revitalising its football program which was established as a part of its developmental strategy as early as in 1887. A hypothesis that the popularity of football was successfully used not just for the promotion of education, but also for the further development of the University of Notre Dame has been analysed through the case study methodology. This analysis concludes that the University of Notre Dame boosted its prestige by using its football program as a promotional tool to become one of the highest-ranking research institutions on the national level. On the other hand, this case study confirms that there is no conflict between religious dogma and evidence-based science if they walk together toward the progress, i.e. if their common goal is to set people free.
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Reale, Getúlio Sangalli, and Marlon Dalmoro. "Passion and market: the intertwining that makes the marketization of brazilian spectacle football." Revista Brasileira de Marketing 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v18i4.16385.
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Objective: The marketization of the different social instances has pointed the market as the main intermediary of the social and cultural constructions in contemporary society, including football. Therefore, this study analyzeshow the process of marketization takes place through the intertwining between football’s cultural dimensions and the market ideology. Method: Through an interpretative approach, we perform an ethnographic study in the universe of one Brazilian football club, Sport Club Internacional.Originality/Relevance: Contributing with previous studies on consequences of the marketization process, results indicate how marketing producers and consumers naturalize passion and consumption discourses around a market ideology, shaping the marketization process.Results: We observed that both marketing producers and consumers mix the notions of ‘supporting’ and ‘consuming’ in a single discursive structure. This intertwining involves the approximation of supporters’ passion to the notion of consumer, reinforced by discourses of professionalization e the creation of new products. This process is conducted under the influence of euroamerican spectacularization of sport.Theoretical Contributions: We use the lenses of cultural and market studies to analyze a football club, demonstrating that market ideology disseminates, among other possible forms, modifying specific cultural relations, as football passion. Football marketization involves, thus, the transformation of football as a consumption cultural phenomenon mediated by economic rationality.
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Gilbert, Daniel A. "The Gridiron and the Gray Flannel Suit: NFL Football and the Modern U.S. Workplace." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518756850.
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Examining three critical periods of transformation in the history of professional football in the United States, this article demonstrates the centrality of the workplace to the development of the National Football League (NFL). The article argues that the NFL originated in the welfare capitalism of the early 1920s; that mass-mediated narratives about corporate management drove pro football’s coming-of-age in the 1950s and 1960s; and that fantasy football—the NFL’s most distinctive new form of spectatorship in the age of digital capitalism—positioned fans as imaginary managers of human capital. Taken together, these three pivotal moments demonstrate the inextricable links between changes in professional sports and transformations in the organization of work.
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Roll, Fred, and Jay Omer. "FOOTBALL: Tulane Football Winter Program." National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal 9, no. 6 (1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1987)009<0034:tfwp>2.3.co;2.
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Gambetta, Vern. "FOOTBALL: Speed development for football." National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal 12, no. 1 (1990): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1990)012<0045:sdff>2.3.co;2.
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Kalinowski, Paweł, Oskar Kluj, and Damian Jerszyński. "A prominent footballer as a role model for young athletes." Quality in Sport 6, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/qs.2020.024.
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The aim of this study is to illustrate the need for personal role models for young athletes on the example of the Portuguese player Cristiano Ronaldo. Currently, the requirements of young football adepts are constantly growing. Football is booming and evolving very quickly. The players exceed the limits of their own field and intellectual abilities. Along with this, the awareness of players increases. And hence the need for individual development increases as well. Coping with the difficulties that arise on the path of a young athlete becomes the norm. Sports authorities play an important role in the training process. Nowadays, young people look for authorities among the most prominent athletes. One example of such prominent athletes is the Portuguese footbal player Cristiano Ronaldo, who is characterized by an exceptional attitude to training and an exemplary pursuit of his own sports career. The example of a great footballer shows the way full of sacrifices, which is necessary to achieve high sports results in the international arena. The work will present an attempt to refer to role models in sport on the example of the excellent player and illustrating young players who pursue a specific goal that achieving specific results often involves overcoming many obstacles.
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Rahman Balogun Muhammed Shittu, Abdul. "A study of the impact of athletic scholarship on football achievement motivation of university students." Hungarian Educational Research Journal 11, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/063.2021.00033.
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AbstractVividly, it is not an overstatement to say that football game is the most prominent sport in the recent world. The present study is about the impact of athletic scholarship on football achievement motivation of university students. Athletic type of scholarship helps students to discover, improve and exhibit their football talent and skills. It makes effective contributions to the development of sport within the campus and prepares ambitious and hardworking college or university athletes for the challenges of actualizing their long-term ambitions to become professional footballers. Considering both empirical cum theoretical contributions of this study, the finding practically provides the following suggestions. 1- the finding pinpoints the insights and importance of athletic scholarship and encourage the stakeholders of the university to cultivate the idea of athletic scholarships by extending their scholarship schemes beyond merit and needy bases. 2- It gives an insight that athletic scholarship enables the students to study any academic program and have tendency of becoming professional footballers. 3- importantly, it adds to the literature by investigating the impact of athletic scholarship on football achievement motivation of the students and how the stardoms of being a footballer in the campus affect the students' football interest.
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Ingrassia, Brian M. "Public Influence inside the College Walls: Progressive Era Universities, Social Scientists, and Intercollegiate Football Reform." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000034.
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At the height of the Progressive Era a number of social scientists, educational leaders, and politicians called for the reform of intercollegiate football. Since the 1880s football had become a popular spectacle, and many were concerned that it was corrupting the country's universities and college men. This article considers the progressive movement to reform football in the context of programs to make the modern American university useful at the turn of the century—including the Wisconsin Idea of state government developed in Madison and the University of Chicago's sponsorship of settlement houses, social work, and university extension. Although many progressives wanted the university to affect society, most were less enthusiastic about the prospect that elements of that society (what Wisconsin historian Frederick Jackson Turner dubbed “public influence”) would affect the university. Social scientists theorized the relationship between the university and the public and constructed an intellectual basis for football reform. Reforms proposed and in some cases adopted demonstrated ambivalence regarding football's academic and public role. Reformers wanted to preserve the popular, profitable, and potentially educational enterprise of football, but they also hoped to curtail its influence over burgeoning universities. The Progressive Era effort to control college football and channel it into constructive directions in many ways demonstrates the paradoxical nature of Progressive Era reform and inadvertently contributed to the institutionalization of “big time” intercollegiate athletics.
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García, Borja. "UEFA and the European Union: From Confrontation to Co-operation?" Journal of Contemporary European Research 3, no. 3 (November 30, 2007): 202–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v3i3.52.
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This article investigates the relationship between UEFA, as European football’s governing body, and the EU. It assesses the evolution of UEFA as a football governing body since the Bosman ruling (1995) until current initiatives such as the rules on locally-trained players (2005-2006). The paper traces the evolution of UEFA’s reactions to the increasing involvement of EU institutions in football matters, with special focus on the regulation of the players’ market. It is argued that UEFA’s attitude towards the EU has changed in the last ten years. Whilst the EU was seen as a threat for UEFA in 1995, it is now considered a ‘long term strategic partner’. Two main reasons can be identified for UEFA’s evolution. First and foremost, UEFA has been forced to accept the primacy of European law and its application to the activities of football organisations. UEFA has had no option but to adapt to the impact of European law and policies on its activities. This has lead to a relationship of ‘supervised’ autonomy between UEFA and the EU institutions. Second, UEFA’s strategic vision to preserve its own position within the governance structures of football. UEFA has tried to enhance its legitimacy within football’s governing structures by engaging in policy co-operation with EU authorities. This paper draws almost entirely on empirical research conducted through elite interviews and the review of official documents.
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Matthews, Tim, Sarvapali Ramchurn, and Georgios Chalkiadakis. "Competing with Humans at Fantasy Football: Team Formation in Large Partially-Observable Domains." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8259.
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We present the first real-world benchmark for sequentially-optimal team formation, working within the framework of a class of online football prediction games known as Fantasy Football. We model the problem as a Bayesian reinforcement learning one, where the action space is exponential in the number of players and where the decision maker's beliefs are over multiple characteristics of each footballer. We then exploit domain knowledge to construct computationally tractable solution techniques in order to build a competitive automated Fantasy Football manager. Thus, we are able to establish the baseline performance in this domain, even without complete information on footballers' performances (accessible to human managers), showing that our agent is able to rank at around the top percentile when pitched against 2.5M human players.
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Aziz, Muhammad Taufik, and Khoiril Anam. "PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES KETERAMPILAN SHOOTING PADA PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA USIA 16-20 TAHUN." Riyadhoh : Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga 5, no. 2 (December 4, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/rjpo.v5i2.9273.
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The goal of this project is to develop a talent test instrument for football shooting accuracy for soccer players between the ages of 16 and 20. Utilizing research and development techniques, this study was undertaken. 36 participants, 6 PS UNNES players, 18 PS POP players, and 16 PS Tunas Sakti Mandiri players, were used as subjects in this study. In this study, the validation was conducted out by soccer course instructors, a professional club coach from the Indonesian 3rd League, and three coaches from the research sample clubs who were registered at the PSSI Ascot in Semarang city. The validity test uses content validity. The football shooting accuracy test, according to experts, falls into the "very good" category, making it practical to use or valid. The test-retest methodology combined with product moment correlation analysis is used for the reliability test. With a dependability rating of 0.843 and a significance level of 0.000, the accuracy test device for footballs is deemed reliable. With the findings of the aforementioned study, it is possible to use the football shooting accuracy test instrument as a measuring device for accuracy shooting tests for football players.
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Dzielski, John, and Mark Blackburn. "Aerodynamic-Torque Induced Motions of a Spinning Football and Why the Ball’s Longitudinal Axis Rotates with the Linear Velocity Vector." Dynamics 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dynamics2010002.
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This paper presents an explanation of why a spinning football rotates so that the spin axis remains nearly aligned with the velocity vector, and approximately parallel to the tangent to the trajectory. The paper derives the values of the characteristic frequencies associated with the football’s precession and nutation. The paper presents a graphical way of visualizing how the motions associated with these frequencies result in the observed “wobble” of the football. A solution for the linearized dynamics shows that there is a minimum amount of spin required for the motion to be stable and for the football not to tumble. This paper notes the similarity of this problem to that of spun projectiles. The results show that the tendency of a football to align itself with and rotate with the velocity vector is associated with an equilibrium condition with a non-zero aerodynamic torque. The torque is precisely the value required for the football to rotate at the same angular rate as the velocity vector. An implication of this is that a release with the football spin axis and velocity vector aligned (zero aerodynamic torque) is not the condition that results in minimum motion after release. Minimum “wobble” occurs when the ball is released with its symmetry axis slightly to the right or left of the velocity vector, depending on the direction of the spin. There are additional forces and moments acting on the football that affect its trajectory and its stability, but it is not necessary to consider these to explain the tendency of the ball to align with the velocity vector and to ”wobble.” The results of this paper are equally applicable to the spiral pass in American football and the screw kick in rugby.
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Jones, Luke, and Jim Denison. "Challenge and relief: A Foucauldian disciplinary analysis of retirement from professional association football in the United Kingdom." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 8 (January 15, 2016): 924–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215625348.
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The aim of this study was to consider the retirement experiences of British male professional association footballers by utilising Foucault’s analysis of discipline discussed in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Specifically, we drew upon Foucault to consider how, through the various techniques and instruments of discipline, the professional football context produces ‘docile footballing bodies’ and how this might influence a player’s experiences in retirement. We gathered our empirical material using a Foucauldian-informed interview framework with 25 former professional male football players between the ages of 21 and 34. Our analysis suggested that retirement from football was both a challenge and a relief for our participants, and that their extended period of time within football’s strong disciplinary apparatus significantly influenced how they experienced their retirement.
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Walton-Fisette, Theresa. "Concussions in NCAA Football." Journal of Sport History 51, no. 2 (2024): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21558450.51.2.04.
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Abstract In 1906, medical doctors published a study on the Harvard collegiate football team. They noted, “The percentage of injury is much too great for any mere sport.” Of particular concern were head injuries, which the doctors believed were significant. Subsequent research over the last century-plus has confirmed early worries. Yet the heavy cultural and financial investment in collegiate football has meant a century-long public-relations campaign to increase the social tolerance for the sport's violence and danger. While calls for football's abolishment were regular and strong in the first decades of the game's development, by the 1930s these discussions fell away. Critics were placated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association's continual tinkering with the rules and promises to increase the game's safety, which ultimately has resulted in millions of dollars of research focused on sport-related traumatic brain injuries.
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Motte, Warren. "Football." World Literature Today 90, no. 2 (2016): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2016.0122.
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Simko, Nick. "Football." Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 7 (October 30, 2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2018.255.
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Gearity, Brian T. "Football." Strength and Conditioning Journal 37, no. 6 (December 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000178.
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Shah, Selina, Joseph P. Luftman, and Daniel V. Vigil. "Football." Current Sports Medicine Reports 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00149619-200406000-00007.
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Taylor, Shahane R. "Football." Southern Medical Journal 83, no. 10 (October 1990): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199010000-00027.
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Linton, Otha. "Football." Academic Radiology 10, no. 10 (October 2003): 1193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(03)00328-3.
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Wachter, Kurt, and Michael Fanizadeh. "Racism in football — football against racism." UN Chronicle 44, no. 3 (January 15, 2008): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/ff30f304-en.
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D'Hooghe, M. "Medicine for football: football for health." British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.081570.7.
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Mustafa Zebari, Gheyath, Subhi Zeebaree, Mohammed M.Sadeeq, and Rizgar Zebari. "Predicting Football Outcomes by Using Poisson Model: Applied to Spanish Primera División." Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends 2, no. 04 (September 10, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jastt204112.
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During the past decades, sport, in general, has become one of the most powerful competitions and the most popular in the world. As well as, everyone is waiting for the winner, and who will be the champion in the end in different tournaments. Among these sports, football's popularity is more than all other sports. Football matches results predicting, as well as the champion in various competitions, has been seriously studied in recent years. Moreover, it has become an interesting field for many researchers. In this work, the Poisson model has been presented to predict the winner, draw, and loser from the football matches. The method is applied to the Spanish Primera División (First Division) in 2016-2017; the data has been downloaded from the football-data.co.uk website, which will be used to find the prediction accuracy.
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Faje, Florin. "Managingfuria latina:the making of a Romanian football system and style of play." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 6 (November 2016): 904–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1221917.
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This article investigates the creation of a Romanian football style and system of play, best espoused by the Romanian national teams of the 1990s. It does so by engaging the works of Virgil Economu (1896–1978), undoubtedly the leading Romanian practitioner in the field. The analysis develops around the notions offuria latina– Latin fury – and “élan” and traces their elaboration and implication at two different historical periods, the interwar and the postwar. Premised on these notions, Economu sought to develop a distinctly Romanian style of football play, one emphasizing speed and individual technique. The successes of Romanian football in the 1980s and early 1990s, the rise of the midfielder Gheorghe Hagi, and the popular meanings attached to them are all intimately connected with Economu's contributions. Overall, my arguments document football's crucial role for modern Romanian nationalism.
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Salamon, Dariusz, Julia Stachowiak, Julia Sosin, Anna Pilarz, Maria Zwierzchowska, Aleksandra Sojka, Wojciech Domagała, and Klaudia Sobik. "Knee injuries in football – types, circumstances, impact and prevention." Quality in Sport 34 (November 21, 2024): 56199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/qs.2024.34.56199.
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ABSTRACT Football is a globally popular sport with millions of participants, including professional and amateur players, who face a high risk of injuries, particularly to the knee joint. This study explores the impact of football on knee injuries, detailing knee anatomy, common injuries, their circumstances, treatment methods, and preventive measures. Key findings reveal that knee injuries are prevalent in football, with a significant portion being severe, leading to substantial downtime for players. Effective prevention strategies, such as pre-season preparations and injury prevention programs like FIFA 11+, are critical in reducing injury rates and ensuring players' long-term performance and career longevity. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to summarize the available knowledge on the most common knee injuries in soccer and highlight their circumstances, impact on the health and careers of soccer players, and injury prevention options. SUMMARY: Football's global appeal sees over 270 million participants, with a significant number engaged at professional levels, heightening their risk of injuries due to the sport's physically demanding nature. The knee joint, a modified hinge joint comprising bones, ligaments, menisci, and other structures, plays a crucial role in football-related movements, making it susceptible to injuries.Data from various studies highlight the prevalence and severity of knee injuries in football. UEFA reports knee injuries accounting for 12-17% of all injuries, with severe cases leading to over four weeks of absence. The injury rate is notably higher during matches than training, emphasizing the need for robust preventive measures. KEYWORDS: Knee injury, Football, Prevention, Treatment, Knee joint, Injury
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Balan, В. "An analysis of the competitive activity of skilled football players in the preparation stage for higher achievements." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(125) (September 27, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.5(125).02.
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Тhe problem of analysis of contention activity of skilled footballers on the stage of preparation to the higher achievements has an important theoretical and methodical value for an estimation and ground of traditional approaches of construction of educational-training process and system of realization of competitions in football.
On this time the far of researches is executed from the study of motive activity of footballers in the conditions of competitions, as a result of that the got is given about character and volume of actions of players both with a ball, and without him.
A footballer in times of game runs into a ball on the average from 34 to 70 times, thus total time of direct contact presents an about 135-165 p. it is Set that most number one times a ball is owned by the players of middle line, least are centre-backs. Resulted the given is got with application of modern technologies (program "InStat Football"). Supervisions came true by means of computer analysis of the videotape recording of matches of championship of Ukraine from football among the commands of corresponding age categories.
The structure of technical and tactical actions of skilled football players in competitive activity at the stage of preparation for higher achievements is considered. These studies have been obtained using modern technologies. Observations were made by means of computer analysis of videos of matches of the Ukrainian Football Championship. Quantitative and speed indicators and characteristics of movements of players 19-20 years in matches were evaluated. The technical and tactical actions of football players in competitive activity are analyzed. The necessity of introduction of system of gradual transition of athletes from youth football to professional is determined.
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Tagsold, Christian. "Football and Faith: A Critical Perspective on Interpreting Sport as Religion." STADION 47, no. 2 (2023): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2023-2-239.
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Comparing football and its fan culture to religion has become a common trope in the last decades in newspapers, sports magazines, and scientific papers. The colorful stagings of fans, their often unruly behavior, and their display of passion resemble religious rituals and creeds. Thus, the analogy seems to explain actions that otherwise might appear strange if not irrational from the outside. However, as I will argue, attempts to analyze football as a religion tend to overlook that the concept of religion itself has undergone many permutations in the last centuries. Once, religion was a category reserved for Christianity. However, with colonialism, sociologists, scholars of religion, and cultural anthropologists began to subsume many creeds and rituals outside Europe under the category of religion. In a similar fashion, religion has helped social scientists come to terms with football fans as untypical modern subjects. Fans are loud and unruly, but when social scientists analyze their actions and social codes through the prism of religion, they suddenly appear less puzzling. However, with that in mind, I will ask whether analyzing football as religion might signify further changes in understanding the latter instead of offering an apt tool for understanding the former. In postmodern fashion, even football can be interpreted as religion, which may tell us more about religion’s broadening semantics than football’s sacralization.
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Samur, Serdar. "Process Management in Football Youth Development Program." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 9 (June 25, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i9.4342.
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In our age, businesses are accepted as living organisms. Businesses that are aware of this change have begun to transition from a result-oriented work system to process management, closely following customer expectations in order to exist in the future as well. The largest expense that sports clubs incur involves transfer spending, because the most talented footballer, who would influence team success, is recruited from outside the club. Today, many sports clubs are incorporated and need to create their own economic resources that would not only ensure their survival but also their success and continuity. This resource can be achieved by means of the footballers who participate in the youth development programs conducted by the club’ football academy. The standards of football are on the rise, and so are the expectations of all those involved, with qualified footballers demanding astronomical wages. Sport clubs need to increase their profits by using the resources that are being developed in their respective football academies. If a given footballer attains a high standard by performing well during training and making it to the first string team, the club has to save on the transfer budget. The aim of this study is to determine how club football schools and academies manage in accordance with process management within the system approach. This study incorporated the qualitative research method and case study technique. Data was collected with the help of the interview technique and examined using content analysis. In this research, it was found that youth development programs should be managed by employing three main processes: covering education in sports schools, practicing with competitor teams, and transitioning to professionalism. If these processes are applied across football academies, it would lead to the emergence of economically qualified footballers. Youth Development Programs, as a part of the system of process management within the framework of organizational structures of sports clubs, will prove to be an ideal form of structuring.
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García, Borja, and Ramón Llopis-Goig. "Club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists: A quantitative governance-based typology of football supporters." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 8 (August 22, 2019): 1116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690219868661.
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This article presents a quantitative typology of football fans’ attitudes towards governance. Data collection is done through an online survey in six European countries: France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Results reveal the existence of five types of supporters: club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists. The critics, moderns and globalists fans share a preoccupation for football governance problems but differ in the intensity of their views. At the same time, critics and globalists are heavy consumers of football games and merchandise. The results suggest that existing fan typologies that understand supporters in dichotomic terms of authenticity or consumerism fail to explain the complex reality of a game that has developed new structures over recent decades. Existing typologies need to be superseded in favour of a more multi-disciplinary approach that integrates a governance turn to inform a more nuanced and better understanding of football’s social reality.
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Hayati, Amal, and El Basthoh. "The Implementation of Talking Football Game Towards Students’ Speaking Skill at Second Semester English Department of STKIP Dharma Bakti Lubuk Alung." Bulletin of Pedagogical Research 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/bpr.v1i2.212.
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The purpose of this research was to know the students’ speaking ability by implementing Talking Football Game at second semester English Department students of STKIP Dharma Bakti Lubuk Alung. This research was experimental research called One-Shot Case Study which used one class as the sample. The population of this research was second semester English Department students of STKIP Dharma Bakti Lubuk Alung registering in 2014-2015 Academic Year. The data of this research were collected by using oral test. The data were analyzed by t-test formula. From the calculation of the result of the test, it was indicated that tcalculate was 3, 22 and ttable 2, 02 with a = 0,05. So, it means that tcalculate was greater than ttable and the hypothesis was accepted. The result of this research showed that Talking Football Game increase students’ speaking ability. It implied that Talking Football Game could be used as a technique of teaching speaking ability at second semester English Department students of STKIP Dharma Bakti Lubuk Alung year of 2014-2015.
Keywords: Talking Footbal Game, Speaking Skill, Speaking Ability