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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Footprint'
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Tharp, Sean Patrick. "Architecture's ecological footprint." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/tharp/TharpS0507.pdf.
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Chikoti, I. "The ecological footprint." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26505.
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Dore, Kevin M. "Establishing the neoconservative footprint." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5726.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This thesis evaluates efforts by neoconservatives during the George W. Bush administration to re-orient and perpetuate their foreign policy principles away from the status quo realist stance dominant during the Cold War. It will examine the main principles of neoconservatives, namely the promotion of democracy through the exertion of American power, and demonstrate how these principles have changed America's foreign policy. This thesis argues that neoconservatives have advocated a forward leaning foreign policy stance by drawing on themes linked to American exceptionalism and democracy promotion. Neoconservatives further perpetuate their arguments by connecting their message to American nationalism and through access to media outlets to voice their positions on issues. Overall, many of the neoconservative policies enacted in the first term of the Bush Administration continue, albeit through different means in the Obama Administration.
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Netz, Johannes, and Jessica Sundin. "Water Footprint of Concrete." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173895.
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Vanham, Davy, Adrian Leip, Alessandro Galli, Thomas Kastner, Martin Bruckner, Aimable Uwizeye, Dijk Kimo van, et al. "Environmental footprint family to address local to planetary sustainability and deliver on the SDGs." Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133642.
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The number of publications on environmental footprint indicators has been growing rapidly, but with limited efforts to integrate different footprints into a coherent framework. Such integration is important for comprehensive understanding of environmental issues, policy formulation and assessment of trade-offs between different environmental concerns. Here, we systematize published footprint studies and define a family of footprints that can be used for the assessment of environmental sustainability. We identify overlaps between different footprints and analyse how they relate to the nine planetary boundaries and visualize the crucial information they provide for local and planetary sustainability. In addition, we assess how the footprint family delivers on measuring progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), considering its ability to quantify environmental pressures along the supply chain and relating them to the water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) nexus and ecosystem services. We argue that the footprint family is a flexible framework where particular members can be included or excluded according to the context or area of concern. Our paper is based upon a recent workshop bringing together global leading experts on existing environmental footprint indicators.
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Torkos, Nick. "Footprint-based quadruped motion synthesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29244.pdf.
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Danielsson, Lina. "Water footprint calculationfor truck production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220449.
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Water is an irreplaceable resource, covering around two thirds of Earth´s surface, although only one percent is available for use. Except from households, other human activities such as agriculture and industries use water. Water use and pollution can make water unavailable to some users and places already exposed for water scarcity are especially vulnerable for such changes. Increased water use and factors such as climate change make water scarcity to a global concern and to protect the environment and humans it will be necessary to manage this problem. The concept of water footprint was introduced in 2002 as a tool to assess impact from freshwater use. Since then, many methods concerning water use and degradation have been developed and today there are several studies made on water footprint. Still, the majority of these studies only include water use. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different methods due to their ability to calculate water footprint for the production of trucks, with the qualification that the methods should consider both water use and emissions. Three methods were applied on two Volvo factories in Sweden, located in Umeå and Gothenburg. Investigations of water flows in background processes were made as a life cycle assessment in Gabi software. The water flows were thereafter assessed with the H2Oe, the Water Footprint Network and the Ecological scarcity method. The results showed that for the factory in Umeå the water footprint values were 2.62 Mm3 H2Oe, 43.08 Mm3 and 354.7 MEP per 30,000 cabins. The variation in units and values indicates that it is complicated to compare water footprints for products calculated with different methods. The study also showed that the H2Oe and the Ecological scarcity method account for the water scarcity situation. A review of the concordance with the new ISO standard for water footprint was made but none of the methods satisfies all criteria for elementary flows. Comparison between processes at the factories showed that a flocculation chemical gives a larger water footprint for the H2Oe and the Ecological scarcity method, while the water footprint for the WFN method and carbon footprint is larger for electricity. This indicates that environmental impact is considered different depending on method and that a process favorable regarding to climate change not necessarily is beneficial for environmental impact in the perspective of water use.Vatten är en ovärderlig resurs som täcker cirka två tredjedelar av jordens yta men där endast en procent är tillgänglig för användning. Människan använder vatten till olika ändamål, förutom i hushåll används vatten bland annat inom jordbruk och industrier. Vattenanvändning och utsläpp av föroreningar kan göra vatten otillgängligt, vilket kan vara extra känsligt i de områden där människor redan lider av vattenbrist. Den ökade vattenanvändningen tillsammans med exempelvis klimatförändringar bidrar till att göra vattenbrist till en global angelägenhet och det kommer att krävas åtgärder för att skydda människor och miljö. År 2002 introducerades begreppet vattenfotavtryck som ett verktyg för att bedöma miljöpåverkan från vattenanvändning. Sedan dess har begreppet utvecklats till att inkludera många olika beräkningsmetoder men många av de befintliga studierna har uteslutit föroreningar och bara fokuserat på vattenkonsumtion. Syftet med denna rapport var att utvärdera tre olika metoder med avseende på deras förmåga att beräkna vattenfotavtryck vid produktion av lastbilar, med villkoret att metoderna ska inkludera både vattenkonsumtion och föroreningar. I studien användes tre metoder för att beräkna vattenfotavtrycket för två Volvo fabriker placerade i Umeå och Göteborg. En livscykelanalys utfördes i livscykelanalysverktyget Gabi, för att kartlägga vattenflöden från bakgrundsprocesser. Därefter värderades vattenflödena med metoderna; H2Oe, WFN och Ecological scarcity. Resultatet för fabriken i Umeå gav för respektive metod ett vattenfotavtryck motsvarande 2,62 Mm3 H2Oe, 43,08 Mm3 respektive 354,7 MEP per 30 000 lastbilshytter. Variationen i enheter och storlek tyder på att det kan vara svårt att jämföra vattenfotavtryck för produkter som beräknats med olika metoder. Studien visade att H2Oe och Ecological scarcity tar hänsyn till vattentillgängligheten i området. En granskning av metodernas överensstämmelse med den nya ISO standarden för vattenfotavtryck gjordes men ingen av metoderna i studien uppfyllde alla kriterier. Av de processer som ingår i fabrikerna visade det sig att vattenfotavtrycket för H2Oe och Ecological scarcity metoden var störst för en fällningskemikalie. För den tredje metoden och koldioxid var avtrycket störst för elektriciteten. Detta tyder på att olika metoder värderar miljöpåverkan olika samt att de processer som anses bättre ur miljösynpunkt för klimatförändringar inte nödvändigtvis behöver vara bäst vid vattenanvändning.
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Mummidisetti, Karthik. "Development of My Footprint Calculator." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4887.
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The Environmental footprint is a very powerful tool that helps an individual to understand how their everyday activities are impacting environmental surroundings. Data shows that global climate change, which is a growing concern for nations all over the world, is already affecting humankind, plants and animals through raising ocean levels, droughts & desertification and changing weather patterns. In addition to a wide range of policy measures implemented by national and state governments, it is necessary for individuals to understand the impact that their lifestyle may have on their personal environmental footprint, and thus over the global climate change. “My Footprint Calculator” (myfootprintcalculator.com) has been designed to be one the simplest, yet comprehensive, web tools to help individuals calculate and understand their personal environmental impact.
“My Footprint Calculator” is a website that queries users about their everyday habits and activities and calculates their personal impact on the environment. This website was re-designed to help users determine their environmental impact in various aspects of their lives ranging from transportation and recycling habits to water and energy usage with the addition of new features that will allow users to share their experiences and their best practices with other users interested in reducing their personal Environmental footprint. The collected data is stored in the database and a future goal of this work plans to analyze the collected data from all users (anonymously) for developing relevant trends and statistics.
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Awuondo, Benjamin Martin Onyango. "Long range planning of manufacturing footprint." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117977.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
Firms developing an Operations Strategy need to make decisions across a wide spectrum. Within the field of operations strategy, common practice defines the stratification of these decisions into structural and infrastructural elements. Structural decisions relating to the amount of capacity and facilities a firm deploys can impact a firm's cost competitiveness if implemented incorrectly because of the large capital expenditures and time horizons involved. Boston Scientific, a medical device manufacturer, recognizes the importance of operations strategy in achieving competitive success and continually seeks tools that assist in the creation of strategy as it pursues growth. This thesis discusses the development of a scenario planning tool that is focused on estimation of manufacturing footprint requirements for the company's internal manufacturing network. The tool we develop takes a demand forecast as an input and converts it to a physical space requirement in square feet. Additionally, the tool exhibits significant flexibility in being able to develop multiple scenarios, especially given the ability to modify parameters ranging from growth rates to improvement factors within facilities. The tool also offers a deeper level of detail than previously available, with the critical decision unit being the value stream, rather than an aggregation of data to only present factory or network level results. Whilst this work is applied to the context of a medical device manufacturer, the methodology is easily transferable to a range of industries. The work can be applied to any manufacturing setting where investment decisions for new facilities take significant time and capital. Our research of the literature on this topic identified a gap, and the development of the tool is a positive addition to the field of estimation of manufacturing footprint.
by Benjamin Martin Onyango Awuondo.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and D. S. Volovik. "Solar Power in Reducing Carbon Footprint." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13461.
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Bugembe, Rogers, and Huruy Weldegiorgis. "Climate footprint of freight in Europe." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177783.
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Slepánek, František. "Administrative building with low energy footprint." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227449.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is trying to solve difficulties connected with administrative buildings. In this thesis we are talking about possibility that administrative building can have low energy footprint. Most of energy consumption of administrative building is not created by heating but mostly by cooling and by consumption of office equipment. That is why there have been used modern equipment of the building as well as automatic control of building equipment.
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Raimondi, Michela. "Water footprint e sostenibilità ambientale nell'industria agroalimentare." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6509/.
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H20 è la formula chimica che tutti conoscono. L'acqua, infatti, non è solo la sostanza più diffusa sulla terra, ma è anche la condizione necessaria per la vita. La disponibilità e l’accessibilità di acqua pulita è essenziale per la salute delle comunità, è fondamentale per gli ecosistemi e indispensabile per la prosperità economica.
La quantità di acqua dolce sulla Terra è limitata e non equamente distribuita. La scarsità idrica non è più un problema limitato alle regioni più povere del Pianeta: l’acqua è oggi un problema globale che coinvolge sempre più aree del mondo.
Ed è proprio grazie al binomio importanza - scarsità che l’acqua è stata soprannominata l'oro blu del XXI secolo, secolo in cui sarà l’acqua a rendere più precari gli equilibri mondiali come, in passato, lo è stato il petrolio.
Nella prima parte di questo elaborato l’acqua e i problemi ad essa connessa faranno da protagonisti. Nel capitolo 1 inquadreremo dapprima il problema idrico e parleremo della scarsità di questa importantissima risorsa e dei suoi innumerevoli utilizzi.
Nel capitolo 2 presenteremo la Water Footprint o impronta idrica, un indicatore appositamente ideato per quantificare l'uso di acqua di un prodotto, un processo, un individuo, un organizzazione o una nazione. Questo indicatore apre la strada alla focalizzazione sui prodotti dell’industria agroalimentare, il comparto industriale su cui concentreremo la nostra attenzione.
Nel capitolo 3 esamineremo l’utilizzo dell’acqua nelle industrie, con particolare attenzione ai temi del riciclo e riuso della risorsa idrica.
Nel capitolo 4 analizzeremo alcune esperienze di aziende agroalimentari che hanno intrapreso un percorso di tutela e risparmio della risorsa idrica.
Nella seconda parte dell’elaborato inquadreremo il tema della salvaguardia della risorsa idrica in un quadro più generale di tutela ambientale. Nel capitolo 5 presenteremo i temi di green economy, sostenibilità ambientale e ecologia industriale dando rilievo alla dimensione ambientale, economica e sociale.
Nel capitolo 6, infine, analizzeremo gli strumenti che le aziende hanno a disposizione per calcolare, certificare e comunicare la loro politica di sostenibilità ambientale.
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Ploeger, Dustin. "Growing the footprint of traditional grain origination." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7024.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
This thesis focuses on the rapid growth of new generation contracts used by grain producers. Specifically, the research studies a potential customer base of producers not using Cargill’s new generation contracts. A survey was conducted to uncover possible customer demand for Cargill’s marketing solutions. Those surveyed do not have the opportunity to use these solutions because their operations typically lay outside the footprint of existing Cargill grain facilities. With Cargill’s Flex Delivery Program, sales professionals have the ability to sell grain marketing solutions, like new generation contracts, to farming operations outside of existing asset footprints. From the experiences of current sales professionals offering new generation contracts via Cargill’s Flex Delivery Program, the author hypothesized that there are three primary variables influencing the likelihood of a customer finding value in the Flex Delivery Program. The size of farming operation, the number of facilities they deliver grain to and the importance they place on forward marketing are critical components to determining if a farming operation may market grain through Cargill’s Flex Delivery Program using a new generation contract. The survey results revealed the percentage of the sample population fit the criteria of a Flex Delivery candidate. The survey questions were also designed to uncover farmer demographics, current marketing styles, competition, and, in general, provide good background information useful for making follow-up sales calls on those selected to survey. The results show roughly a third of those surveyed are Flex Delivery candidates.
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Falato, Antonio di Bruno. "Water footprint of Ischia Island: preliminary evaluation." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13012.
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Mestrado Vinifera Euromaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - ULWe are witnessing in recent years to a climate change due to a number of operations carried out by man. In this sense, agriculture is a strategic sector if we want to tackle this situation, more and more unsustainable as modern agriculture, also called "intensive", is causing more of a problem is the surface layer of the earth's crust, that the biosphere. The following work is part of a larger project, called VA.RIVI, applied on the island of Ischia, and is designed to specifically consider the components that form the basis for the calculation of the Water Footprint, which indicates the environmental impact of a product, a process or an entire company working on water resources. The WF is a relatively new tool, whose standard (ISO14046) was published not more than three months ago, on November 2014, so this does not always work considers the water footprint, but often refers to other indicators of the environmental impact, such as the Carbon Footprint, Ecological Footprint, or the Life Cycle Assessment. Will be analyzed the guidelines of the new ISO 14046, also reporting a sample calculation made possible thanks to the publications present in the bibliography, and will be compared to the production of organic wine. The work is complemented by a number of best practices to reduce the water footprint, but also to reduce the environmental impact of a company or a business process through small and large measures to be implemented at all levels.
N/A
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Huffman, Michael John. "JDiet: Footprint Reduction for Memory-constrained Systems." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/108.
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Main memory remains a scarce computing resource. Even though main memory is becoming more abundant, software applications are inexorably engineered to consume as much memory as is available. For example, expert systems, scientific computing, data mining, and embedded systems commonly suffer from the lack of main memory availability.
This thesis introduces JDiet, an innovative memory management system for Java applications. The goal of JDiet is to provide the developer with a highly configurable framework to reduce the memory footprint of a memory-constrained system, enabling it to operate on much larger working sets. Inspired by buffer management techniques common in modern database management systems, JDiet frees main memory by evicting non-essential data to a disk-based store. A buffer retains a fixed amount of managed objects in main memory. As non-resident objects are accessed, they are swapped from the store to the buffer using an extensible replacement policy.
While the Java virtual machine naïvely delegates virtual memory management to the operating system, JDiet empowers the system designer to select both the managed data and replacement policy. Guided by compile-time configuration, JDiet performs aspect-oriented bytecode engineering, requiring no explicit coupling to the source or compiled code.
The results of an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of JDiet are reported. A JDiet-enabled XML DOM parser is capable of parsing and processing over 200% larger input documents by sacrificing less than an order of magnitude in performance.
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Savelli, Elisa. "Carbon footprint, stato dell'arte ed applicazione pilota." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/552/.
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Lo strumento in esame è il carbon footprint che ha lo scopo primario di calcolare l’impronta rilasciata in atmosfera dalle emissioni di gas ad effetto serra. Il carbon footprint è stato descritto ed esaminato in ogni suo aspetto pratico, strutturale e funzionale evidenziandone sia pregi da tenere in considerazione sia limiti da colmare anche attraverso il ventaglio di strumenti di misurazione ambientale che si hanno a disposizione.
Il carbon footprint non verrà descritto unicamente come strumento di contabilità ambientale ma anche come mezzo di sensibilizzazione del pubblico o dei cittadini ai temi ambientali. Questo lavoro comprende un’indagine online degli strumenti di misura e rendicontazione delle emissioni di CO2 che sono sotto il nome di carbon footprint o carbon calculator.
Nell’ultima parte della tesi si è applicato ad un caso reale tutto quello che è stato appreso dalla letteratura. Il lavoro è consistito nell’applicare lo strumento del carbon footprint ad un’azienda italiana di servizi seguendo la metodologia di calcolo prevista dalla norma ISO 14064. Di essa sono state contabilizzate le emissioni di CO2 generate dalle attività quotidiane e straordinarie sulle quali l’azienda ha un controllo diretto o comunque una responsabilità indiretta.
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He, Haifeng. "Memory Footprint Reduction of Operating System Kernels." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196010.
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As the complexity of embedded systems grows, there is an increasing use of operating systems (OSes) in embedded devices, such as mobile phones, media players and other consumer electronics. Despite their convenience and flexibility, such operating systems can be overly general and contain features and code that are not needed in every application context, which incurs unnecessary performance overheads. In most embedded systems, resources, such as processing power, available memory, and power consumption, are strictly constrained. In particular, the amount of memory on embedded devices is often very limited. This, together with the popular usage of operating systems in embedded devices, makes it important to reduce the memory footprint of operating systems. This dissertation addresses this challenge and presents automated ways to reduce the memory footprint of OS kernels for embedded systems. First, we present kernel code compaction, an automated approach that reduces the code size of an OS kernel statically by removing unused functionality. OS kernel code tends to be different from ordinary application code, including the presence of a significant amount of hand-written assembly code, multiple entry points, implicit control flow paths involving interrupt handlers, and frequent indirect control flow via function pointers. We use a novel "approximated compilation" technique to apply source-level pointer analysis to hand-written assembly code. A prototype implementation of our idea on an Intel x86 platform and a minimally configured Linux kernel obtains a code size reduction of close to 24%.Even though code compaction can remove a portion of the entire OS kernel code, when exercised with typical embedded benchmarks, such as MiBench, most kernel code is executed infrequently if at all. Our second contribution is on-demand code loading, an automated approach that keeps the rarely used code on secondary storage and loads it into main memory only when it is needed. In order to minimize the overhead of code loading, a greedy node-coalescing algorithm is proposed to group closely related code together. The experimental results show that this approach can reduce memory requirements for the Linux kernel code by about 53%with little degradation in performance. Last, we describe dynamic data structure compression, an approach that reduces the runtime memory footprint of dynamic data structures in an OS kernel. A prototype implementation for the Linux kernel reduces the memory consumption of the slab allocators in Linux by 17.5%when running the MediaBench suite while incurring only minimal increases in execution time (1.9%).
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Hyland, John. "Reducing the carbon footprint of red meat." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reducing-the-carbon-footprint-of-red-meat(4420959a-9357-43d5-888b-580a73f76494).html.
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The contribution of ruminant agriculture towards climate change is significant and responsible for approximately 14.5% of anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions. The reduction of sectorial emissions is dependent on farmer decision-making at a multitude of scales, which comprise of the field scale, the farm, farmer typologies (farm scale with focus on farmers), and the community-scale. This conceptual framework provides the basis for the research carried out in this PhD. The first research chapter builds upon previous work carried out by Bangor University where farmers deemed the most practical mitigation measure they could adopt on their farming enterprises was the planting of leguminous crops. The research in this thesis demonstrated that grass-clover systems offered the same yield as grass swards receiving conventional amounts of nitrogen fertiliser. However, nitrous oxide emissions from the grass-clover sward were significantly lower. My second research chapter moves onto the farm scale and investigates the carbon footprint (CF) from 15 farming enterprises over two timescales. Considerable reductions in the CF of beef and lamb were demonstrated if efficiencies were increased to match those of the least-emitting producers. On-farm decisions are motivated by personal interests and goals. Hence, the third research chapter identifies distinct types of farmers based on perceptions of climate change. Four farmer types were identified which can aid the dissemination of climate change information and consequently increase the adoption of climate change measures. The final chapter evaluates social capital and collaboration amongst farmers at the community scale; such interactions can serve to facilitate mitigation and adaptation. Although overall collaboration was low, there was considerable latent social capital which can be used to further encourage collective action. The work carried out in this thesis can help reduce the livestock sector’s greenhouse gas emissions across numerous scales; thereby helping the industry meet its emission targets.
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Martin, Brian C. (Brian Christopher). "Manufacturing footprint strategy for product line expansion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122579.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MITThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-82).
To reach its long term revenue targets, EDSCO Fasteners must expand its smooth bar anchor bolt product line to increase revenue generation. In order to maximize profit during this expansion, an operational strategy must be developed to minimize total landed cost. This project will assess the current manufacturing processes and develop a realistic and practical model of the supply chain. Using data collected through pilot project implementation the model's parameters are calibrated and the model accuracy is validated. By developing this model as a linear optimization program it can be used as a decision support tool to inform the operational strategy. Likely expansion scenarios and decision points (consolidation, acquisition, capital expenditures, etc.) are considered as decision variables in the supply chain optimization model to minimize total landed cost. These results are used to inform a recommended scenario based strategy for product line expansion.
by Brian C. Martin.
M.B.A.
S.M.
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Magnusson, Simon. "Analys av blått och grönt vattenfotavtryck för nötkött från ICA:s sortiment." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58632.
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ICA vill utveckla sitt miljöarbete i vattenfrågor. Denna rapport syftar till att öka medvetenheten hos ICA om verksamhetens miljöpåverkan genom att analysera vattenfotavtrycket – vanligen kallat Water Footprint – för ett livsmedel. Vattenfotavtryck är ett verktyg inom miljösystemanalys som används för att kartlägga sambandet mellan produktion och konsumtion av produkter och vattenanvändning. Studien visade att vattenfotavtrycken är ungefär 14 500 liter/kg och 16 500 liter/kg för svensk respektive irländsk nötfärs. Ursprunget till fodret samt vilka sorters vatten som används visade sig vara avgörande för vilka konsekvenser vattenfotavtryck ger upphov till. Utvärdering av de negativa konsekvenserna är en genomgående svårighet med vattenfotavtryck, en lösning kan vara att relatera vattenfotavtryck till den lokala vattenstressen samt hushållens vattenkonsumtion.ICA is one of the leading companies in retail trade in northern Europe and is established in Sweden, Norway and the Baltic countries. ICA is interested in developing the business environmental management by taking into account water-related issues. The purpose of this study is to illuminate the link between company activities of ICA and water use, by applying the tool of water footprint. It is an environmental systems analysis tool that was developed by Professor Arjen Y. Hoekstra at University of Twente and the Water Footprint Network and it is mainly used to calculate the consumption of fresh water that is linked to the consumption of a product. The water footprint concept covers three different types of water; blue, green and grey water, where the green water is rain water, blue water is fresh water and groundwater, and grey water is a theoretical volume of water consumed as a consequence of emission of pollutants. In this study, the blue and green water footprint of Swedish and Irish minced beef has been analyzed. The results showed that the total water footprint of Swedish minced beef is about 14 500 liters per kg, of which about 14 200 liters is green water and 200 liters is blue water. About 98% of the water footprint is domestic since the majority of feed materials origins from Sweden. The total water footprint of Irish minced beef is about 16 500 liters per kg, of which about 15 000 liters is green water and 1 500 liters is blue water. Approximately 21 % of the total water footprint is external due to imports of water intense feed materials. Assessing the environmental and social impacts of the water footprint showed to be difficult because they are multidimensional. As an example, the consequences of a relatively small water footprint in countries with extremely scarce water may be severe, while a much larger water footprint in countries such as Sweden has a relatively small impact. In order to identify water footprints with the potential of causing major environmental and social impacts, data on regional water stress and water availability was used. For example, total household water consumption in water scarce Pakistan is about 58 liters per person and day, roughly 10 times lower compared to the U.S. This water is almost equivalent to the water footprint (52 liters per kg) in Pakistan caused by the production of Irish minced beef. The analysis section also showed that there are substantial difficulties in comparing water footprints of foods in order to identify products with minimum environmental impact. This has two main reasons: First, green water, i.e. evapotranspiration, is a part of the natural cycle of water which varies regionally. Secondly, foods are not always comparable, because different foods provide different nutrients. One solution would be to compare foods on the basis of a common denominator, e.g. animal based foods could be compared on the basis of protein content.
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Johnson, Peter. "Exploring the Ecological Footprint of Tourism in Ontario." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/997.
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Once considered a 'green' industry, tourism and its associated ecological impacts are now widely acknowledged. Focus within tourism planning has aimed to reduce the ecological burden placed on a destination area, and move towards a more sustainable tourism industry. This research proposes the use of the Ecological Footprint (EF) as a tool to compare the ecological costs of different types of tourism. The EF shows the relative amount of productive land appropriated by the activities and choices of an individual tourist.
The main goal of this study was to analyse and compare the ecological resource use of tourism in Ontario. Surveys were conducted with tourists staying at 9 different types of accommodations throughout Ontario. Additional data were collected from personal interviews with accommodation managers at each location and incorporated into the EF calculation. Four areas of tourism ecological impact were identified; tourists' personal consumption, transportation, activity, and accommodation costs. These four components contributed in varying degrees to each tourist Ecological Footprint, and this variation became the main area of analysis.
The findings of this research demonstrated that air travel contributes significantly to the total ecological cost of a particular tourism experience. Comparably, travel by personal car made a much smaller contribution to the tourist EF. Thus, local area tourists who could drive to a destination had a smaller EF than those long-distance domestic and international tourists who flew. Accommodation ecological costs were primarily a factor of the amount of built space available, and total energy usage per guest. Accommodations that had a large number of occupants for a given area and level of energy consumption achieved a scale of efficiency. In this manner, larger, more efficiently constructed accommodations often made smaller contributions to the tourist EF than small-scale, but inefficient accommodations.
The main conclusion was that the ecological impacts of tourism can be quantitatively recorded, and that a complete trip view of tourism ecological resource use is necessary. When considering practical applications in the tourism industry, an Ecological Footprint analysis could be used by tourism managers as an evaluative tool to compare the ecological outcome of various construction, programming, and operational changes. For the tourist, the EF can serve as an 'eco-label', to distinguish one type of 'green' tourism from another, creating a more informed consumer. Ultimately, the Ecological Footprint serves one purpose- to demonstrate that less ecologically consumptive tourism choices are possible for both tourists and tourism managers.
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Wärmark, Katarina. "Assessment of water footprint for civil construction projects." Thesis, Institutionen för vatten och miljö, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257147.
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Water is an irreplaceable resource and the strain on it is getting tougher. Around 40 per cent of the water withdrawn in Europe is for industrial use. With a growing population and an increased demand for food and energy per capita, the demand and pressure on our water resources will increase. CEEQUAL is a rating scheme for the civil construction industry and has raised the water footprint as an important sustainability issue to consider when choosing building materials. There is however little knowledge within the industry of how to do this. This paper offers information regarding available water footprint tools and gives a practical example using two of the most developed methods; the Water Footprint Network (WFN) method and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The case study showed that the results are very dependent on which method one chooses. The LCA method gives a bigger footprint since it is more inclusive than the WFN method. There are however some similarities when looking at which of the materials that are high-risk and low-risk materials when it comes to freshwater footprint. Among the studied products, steel was the material that uses and consumes the most water per kilogram, and could also be imported from water scarce areas. Fill material had a low water consumption and use per kilogram, but the huge amount used in the project makes it the material that used and consumed most water in total. Fill material is most often produced locally because of the large amount used, and was therefore not as significant when weighting the results by a water stress index. Calculating a water footprint can be used as a part of declaring the environmental performance of a project by including it in an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), a sustainability report or by setting up an Environmental Profit and Loss (E P&L) account for water. It can also be used to identify and assess risks related to water use.Färskvatten är en begränsad, men förnybar resurs som på grund av sina unika egenskaper saknar substitut i många processer och användningsområden. Resursen är ojämnt fördelad över världen och många lever idag i vattenstressade regioner. I Europa står industrisektorn för cirka 40 procent av det totala vattenuttaget. Med en växande befolkning och ökad efterfrågan på mat och energi per capita kommer konkurrensen om vattenresurserna att bli hårdare. Vi måste därför anpassa oss efter denna verklighet och framtid och börja använda våra färskvattenresurser mer effektivt. Certifieringssystemet CEEQUAL har lyft vattenavtryck för byggprodukter som en viktig fråga vid val av material. Inom branschen vet man i dagsläget inte hur man ska hantera den frågan och utgångspunkten för denna rapport är att ge vägledning bland de metoder som finns tillgängliga idag samt att ge ett praktiskt exempel på två av de mest utvecklade metoderna, Water Footprint Network (WFN) metoden och livscykelanalys (LCA). Som ett praktiskt exempel utfördes en fallstudie som visade att resultatet av en vattenavtrycksanalys beror väldigt mycket på vilken metod som väljs, vilket innebär att harmonisering inom branschen är viktigt. LCA-metoden ger ett större avtryck än WFNmetoden då metoden inkluderar fler typer av vattenanvändning. Av de studerade materialen visade sig stål vara det som både använder och förbrukar mest vatten per kilogram. Det är också ett material som i betydande grad importeras från regioner som kan vara vattenstressade. Fyllnadsmaterial var ett av materialen med lägst vattenavtryck per kilogram, men då det används i så stora mängder i anläggningsprojekt är det detta material som bidrar med störst totalt vattenavtryck. På grund av den stora mängd som används utvinns fyllnadsmaterial dock oftast lokalt. Detta gör att vattenavtryckets signifikans minskar när det viktas med ett vattenstressindex, då det generellt finns gott om vatten i Sverige. Vattenavtryck kan användas till deklaration av potentiell påverkan på vattenresurser genom att inkludera resultatet i en miljövarudeklaration eller hållbarhetsrapport. Det kan även användas i ett naturkapitalkonto (E P&L) för vatten eller för att identifiera risker kopplade till vattenanvändning samt ge vägledning vid materialval och val av leverantör.
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Eriksson, Ida. "Sneakers : What footprint do you want to leave?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Design och formgivning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26698.
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Burrow, J. Gordon. "Crime scene investigation : bare footprint collection and analysis." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701002.
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Steinegger, Tobias. "Investigating the Environmental Footprint of Swedish Household Consumption." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257861.
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Production-based indicators show that Sweden has lower emissions per capita than other high-income countries. Nevertheless, scientific evidence points to a significant overshoot of some of the planetary boundaries, especially regarding climate change, if Swedish consumption-related emissions abroad are considered. Households are one of the key drivers behind the increasing environmental deconstruction. Studies estimate that household consumption, directly and indirectly, contributes to 51-81% of these environmental footprints. Better consumption-based indicators are therefore required to directpolicy interventions if Sweden wants to achieve its Generational Goal. The Generational Goalstates that the major environmental problems in Sweden should be solved, without increasing environmental and health problems outside Sweden’s borders. This project aimed to estimate the consumption-based environmental impacts of Sweden with the most recent available data. Furthermore, it gave valuable insights into the consumption-behaviour of Swedish households. The consumption-based calculations, based on EXIOBASE 3, estimated a carbon footprint of 94 Mt CO2-eq. for Sweden in 2011, whereas the production-based GHG-emissions were 30% lower than the actual emissions caused by Swedish consumption. The Land footprint was estimated at 333 000 km2. The material footprint showed that Sweden imported twice as much material as it exported to other countries, which led to a consumption-based material footprint of 279 000 kt. The total of 2 000 Mm3 of blue water was to 94% embodied in imported products. The results proved the importance of looking at the consumption-based environmental footprints to gain an accurate picture of the national environmental impact. Data on the Swedish household expenditure were combined with environmentally extended multiregional input-output tables to estimate the environmental footprint of Swedish households — the study identified food, housing and transportation as the expenditure categories with the highest environmental impact. According to the results, the total carbon footprint for one Swedish household in 2011 was 14 t CO2-eq., the land use amounted to 32 200 m2, the extracted materials to 431 m2, and the blue water consumption to 431 m3. The combination of household expenditures and environmentally extended input-output tables create a comprehensive picture of the consumption-based emissions and give a detailed insight into the consumption behaviour of Swedish households. These insights can further be used to design more accurate policies promoting a zero-carbon society within Sweden.Produktionsbaserade indikatorer visar att Sverige har lägre utsläpp per capita än andra höginkomstländer. Vetenskapliga bevis tyder dock på en tydlig överskridning av några av de planetära gränserna, särskilt den gällande klimatförändringar, om svenska konsumtionsrelaterade utsläpp utomlands beaktas. Hushållen är en av de viktigaste drivkrafterna bakom ökningen av hållbarhetsrelaterade problem. Studier uppskattar att hushållens konsumtion direkt och indirekt bidrar till 51–81% av deras miljöpåverkan. Bättre konsumtionsbaserade indikatorer är därför nödvändiga för att styra politiska insatser om Sverige vill uppnå sitt generationslöfte att lösa de stora miljöproblemen i Sverige utan att öka miljö- och hälsoproblemen utanför Sveriges gränser. Detta projekt syftar till att uppskatta Sveriges konsumtionsbaserade miljöpåverkan med senast tillgängliga data. Dessutom ger uppsatsen värdefull insikt i de svenska hushållens konsumtionsbeteende. De konsumtionsbaserade beräkningarna, baserade på EXIOBASE 3, uppskattade ett koldioxidavtryck på 94 Mt CO2-ekv. under 2011 för Sverige, där deproduktionsbaserade växthusgasutsläppen var 30% lägre än de faktiska utsläppen som skapades genom svensk konsumtion. Det landmässiga fotavtrycket uppskattades till 333 000 km2. Det materiella fotavtrycket visade att Sverige importerade dubbelt så mycket material som de exporterade till andra länder, vilket ledde till ett konsumtionsbaserat materialavtryck på 279 000 kt. Det mesta av det blåa vatten som är inkorporerat i produkter importerades, hela 94% av den svenska totalen på2 000 Mm3. Resultaten visar vikten av att titta på konsumtionsbaserad miljöpåverkan för att få en exakt bild av den nationella miljöpåverkan. Data gällande svenska hushållsutgifter kombinerades med miljömässigt utökade multiregionala input-output-värden för att beräkna de svenska hushållens miljöpåverkan. Studien identifierade mat, boende och transport som utgiftskategorier med högst miljöpåverkan. Enligt resultaten så var det totala koldioxidavtrycket för ett svenskt hushåll under2011 14 t CO2-eq, markanvändningen uppgick till 32 200 m2, materialutvinningen till 29 t och den blå vattenförbrukningen till 431 m3. Kombinationen av hushållsutgifter och miljömässigt utökade input-output-tabeller ger en omfattande bild av de konsumtionsbaserade utsläppen och ger en detaljerad inblick i konsumtionsbeteendet hos svenska hushåll. Dessa insikter kan vidare användas för att utforma mer exakta policyer som främjar ett noll-kol-samhälle i Sverige.
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Jones, Katheryn Jane. "Marketing’s footprint in the boardroom: Antecedents and outcomes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/85348.
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Despite the growing influence of marketing in our everyday lives, its relevance in the executive boardroom as a valued member of the top management team continues to be debated. With this decline in the presence and contribution of marketing in the boardroom, there is a fear that organisations may ignore stakeholder perspectives jeopardising long term performance. Exploring the lived experiences of executive leaders in Australia, this research seeks to understand the obstacles faced by marketing in moving beyond middle management and playing a strategic role in organisational level decisions.
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Dereix, Florian. "Adaptation of emission factors for the Tunisian carbon footprint tool." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131694.
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In Tunisia, the National Agency for the Environment is encouraging the creation of a carbon footprint method specifically adapted to the Tunisian context. In cooperation with the French National Agency for the Environment, the adaptation of the French carbon footprint method is realised and has to go along with an adaptation of the emission factors. In this framework, this master thesis aims at presenting the emission factors adaptation process led to adapt the accounting tool. First, a literature review enables to present the main notions useful to understand the precise definition of emission factor. Then, a preliminary study of the main carbon footprint tools is presented so as to identify the main characteristics of a carbon footprint method. A comparison is then done to present the differences which can occur between the previous methods. Finally, for each category of emission factor, the adaptation process is presented showing three different ways to adapt emission factors: a replacing of the data in the calculations, an adaptation based on local studies and a more difficult adaptation requiring to develop a new method.
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Rotini, Lorenzo. "Water footprint e modalità di risparmio idrico nell'industria agroalimentare." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6510/.
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Ci rendiamo conto del valore dell’acqua solamente quando scarseggia.
Fino ad oggi il problema poteva sembrare limitato ai Paesi più poveri di tale risorsa, ma le cose potrebbero cambiare perché l’acqua “di qualità” – ossia dolce e non inquinata – rappresenta solo una minima percentuale delle nostre riserve. E noi ne usiamo sempre di più: sia perché aumenta la popolazione della Terra, sia perché il maggiore benessere raggiunto da molti Paesi spinge la popolazione a consumare (e sprecare) più acqua. Un consumo che va esaminato non solo in termini “reali” (calcolando le quantità che si usano per la cura personale, per la cucina o per la pulizia della casa), ma anche “virtuali” (in termini di impronta idrica), stimando cioè tutta l’acqua che è stata utilizzata lungo l’intero ciclo di vita di un qualunque prodotto o servizio acquistato. Basti pensare che se si modificasse il proprio stile alimentare, passando ad esempio a prediligere una dieta più ricca di frutta, verdura e cereali, limitando la quantità di proteine animali, sarebbe possibile ridurre anche in modo significativo i consumi di acqua “virtuale”.
Quindi, se da un lato la domanda cresce e dall’altro le risorse si riducono, anche per colpa dell’inquinamento e del cambiamento climatico, è sicuro che il valore economico dell’acqua aumenterà e le disuguaglianze, già oggi presenti, potranno portare nuovi attriti.
Per questi motivi diventa fondamentale il concetto di Water Footprint, ossia l’analisi delle quantità di acqua utilizzata all’interno di tutta la filiera che porta alla produzione di un prodotto finito.
Visto il mio corso di studi in ingegneria gestionale, ho deciso di concentrarmi principalmente sul concetto di Water Footprint all’interno dell’ambito industriale, analizzando in particolare il caso di un’azienda dell’Emilia Romagna.
Ho scelto questo argomento perché sono sempre stato interessato all’ambiente e alla sua salvaguardia. Trattare nella tesi tale tema mi è sembrato utile per approfondire e diffondere concetti come quelli dell’impronta idrica e dell’acqua virtuale che, pur discussi a livello internazionale ormai da anni, tardano ancora ad essere affrontati in maniera ampia in Italia, che è il terzo Paese importatore netto di acqua virtuale al mondo.
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Peterson, Birgit Ellen. "Canopy fuels inventory and mapping using large-footprint lidar." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3189.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Geography. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Moberg, Emma. "The water footprint of coffee production in Miraflor, Nicaragua." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-281133.
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A water footprint is a tool for assessing the impacts of freshwater use by mapping the water use of the production of a good or a service, a process in a production chain, a business or even of a whole country. One of the most commonly used methods for calculating the water footprint was developed by the Water Footprint Network (WFN). The objective of this study was to account for the water footprint of the production of coffee in the area of Miraflor, Nicaragua, using the WFN method. The study aimed to highlight where improvements can be made regarding water resources management, both with respect to the quantity of the water appropriated in the different process steps, as well as concerning the treatment of residues of the coffee production. The results of the study show a water footprint of 20 049 m3 per ton of harvested coffee in Miraflor. This equals a consumption of more than 6 000 000 m3 of water when considering the overall production of the harvest of 2015/2016. The results pinpoint the growing phase as crucial with 98.1 % of the total water footprint. Nicaragua and the region where Miraflor is located are having increasing problems with water scarcity due to drought and contamination of water resources. Together with these circumstances, the results of the study show that the current management should be improved in order to minimize the impacts on local water resources and the environment. It is mainly the application of pesticides and fertilizers in the cultivation of the coffee that give rise to the large water footprint. Furthermore, the current management violates the law restricting the discharge of effluent waters from coffee processing plants. Another important factor contributing to the water footprint yields in the consumption of rainwater via evapotranspiration by the crops in field. In order to reduce the water footprint there should be a more conscious use of pesticides and fertilizers as well as a development in the treatment of the effluent water. The latter factor can be elaborated by considering new installations where even smaller ones probably could make a considerable change. Other management practices to decrease the water footprint consist of generating a higher yield per hectare of land.Vattenfotavtryck är ett verktyg för att bedöma miljöpåverkan från användningen av vatten. Med ett vattenfotavtryck kartläggs hur vatten används för produktionen av en vara, för en process i en produktionskedja, ett företag eller för ett helt land. En av de mest använda metoderna för beräkning av vattenfotavtryck utvecklades av Water Footprint Network (WFN). Syftet med denna studie var att genom användning av WFN:s metod beräkna vattenfotavtrycket för produktionen av kaffe i området Miraflor i Nicaragua. Studien ämnade visa var förbättringar kan göras i vattenresurshanteringen, både vad gäller mängden vatten som används i de olika produktionsstegen som i behandlingen av restvattnet från kaffeproduktionen. Resultatet från studien visar ett vattenfotavtryck på 20 049 m3 per ton skördat kaffe i Miraflor. Sett till hela skörden för säsongen 2015/2016 ger detta ger en total konsumtion av mer än 6 000 000 m3 vatten. Resultatet påvisar att vegetationsperioden är den i särklass största bidragande faktorn till kaffeproduktionens vattenfotavtryck med 98,1 % av det totala avtrycket. Nicaragua och regionen där Miraflor ligger har alltjämt ökande problem med vattenbrist på grund av torka och föroreningar av vattenresurser. Studiens resultat visar tillsammans med denna bakgrund att nuvarande tekniker i kaffeproduktionen i Miraflor bör förbättras för att minimera konsekvenser för lokala vattenresurser och miljön. Främst är det användningen av bekämpningsmedel och gödsel som ger upphov till det stora vattenfotavtrycket. Kaffeproduktionen orsakar därtill överträdelser av gällande bestämmelser om värden på vattenkvalitetsparameterar i restvatten från kaffeproduktion. En ytterligare betydande faktor för vattenfotavtrycket som påvisas i studien är konsumtionen av regnvatten via evapotranspiration från grödorna i fält. För att minska vattenfotavtrycket bör i första hand en mer medveten användning av bekämpningsmedel och gödsel införas. Därtill bör det ske en förbättring i hanteringen av utsläppsvatten. Den senare faktorn kan utvecklas genom att nya installationer införs där även mindre sådana troligtvis skulle ge en betydande skillnad. Andra metoder för att minska vattenfotavtrycket ligger i att generera en högre skörd per hektar land.
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Janis, Jaclyn A. "Quantifying the ecological footprint of The Ohio State University." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28365.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains xii, 30 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-29). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Asplund, Mikael, Anton Thomasson, Alonso Ekhiotz Jon Vergara, and Simin Nadjm-Tehrani. "Software-related Energy Footprint of a Wireless Broadband Module." Linköpings universitet, RTSLAB - Laboratoriet för realtidssystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69745.
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Energy economy in mobile devices is becoming an increasinglyimportant factor as the devices become more advancedand rich in features. A large part of the energy footprint of amobile device comes from the wireless communication module,and even more so as the amount of trac increases.In this paper we study the energy footprint of a mobilebroadband hardware module, and how it is aected by software,by performing systematic power consumption measurements.We show that there are several cases where thesoftware does not properly take into account the eect thatdata communication has on the power consumption. Thisopens up for potential energy savings by creating better applicationsthat are aware of the energy characteristics of thecommunication layer.
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Röhner, Nora [Verfasser]. "UN peacebuilding - light footprint or friendly takeover? / Nora Röhner." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027841120/34.
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Brown, Rachael M. "Economic Optimization and Precision Agriculture: A Carbon Footprint Story." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/11.
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This thesis examines the economic and environmental impacts that precision agriculture technologies (PATs) can have on the carbon footprint of a grain farm. An analysis is offered using two manuscripts. The first examines the impacts of three PATs and compares the findings to a conventional farming method. It was found that all three PATs investigated showed a potential Pareto improvement over conventional farming. The second manuscript expanded the model used previously to in order to develop a process to construct a carbon efficient frontier (CEF). The model employed examined uniform and variable rate technologies. In addition to the CEF, a marginal abatement cost curve was constructed. Using these curves in a complementary fashion, more accurate information on the adaptive behavior of farmer technology adoption can be gleaned. the information gleaned for the two manuscripts can give both producers and policy makers the analytical tools needed to make more information decisions with regard to economic and environmental feasibility of PATs.
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Flores, Panizo Maria Luisa. "Ecological footprint analysis for the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125455X.
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Yu, Sherman, and 余雪雯. "A study of sustainability indicators: Hong Kong's ecological footprint." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31228057.
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Fazeli, Seyed Mohammad. "SMART CITY: A PROTOTYPE FOR CARBON FOOTPRINT MOBILE APP." Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152820.
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Global warming has increased significantly over the past decades and at its center, there are human factors which have the greatest impacts on productions of carbon dioxide which is considered as a primary greenhouse gas in development of global warming. Greenhouse gas emissions and, in particular, carbon dioxide emissions are growing significantly to the extent that if no initiatives are taken, it can have dramatic consequences for our future generations and in general for human’s life on Earth, therefore we need means by which we can control and maintain the levels of greenhouse gas emissions and in particular carbon dioxide emissions. One of the efficient solutions that can significantly decrease the levels of carbon dioxide emissions is the construction and development of smart cities. In this context (smart city), individuals can play an important role in reducing the CO2 emissions. By considering the new opportunities that can result from development of Smart Cities and the essential role of information and communication technology (ICT) in such cities, this thesis work tries to introduce the idea of a self-tracking Carbon Footprint mobile application which enables users to keep track of their individual’s carbon dioxide emissions occurred as a result of their daily activities such as eating, transportation, shopping, energy consumption, and etc. in real time. Being able to measure the generated carbon footprint with respect to each of the user’s activities, users will be able to monitor and control it. This monitoring and controlling of one’s carbon footprint can have significant influences in reducing those human factors which result in production of more carbon dioxide gases and consequently more global warming effects.
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Andrews, Suzanne L. D. (Suzanne Lois Denise). "A classification of carbon footprint methods used by companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51642.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54).
The percent increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere can be harmful to the environment. There is no single preferred method for measuring GHG output. How can a company classify and choose an appropriate method? This thesis offers a classification of current methods used by companies to measure their GHG output.
by Suzanne L. D. Andrews.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Giljum, Stefan, Martin Bruckner, and Aldo Martinez. "Material Footprint Assessment in a Global Input-Output Framework." Wiley, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12214.
Full textAbstract:
Material flow-based indicators play an important role in indicator sets related to green and resource-efficient growth. This paper examines the global flows of materials and the amounts of materials directly and indirectly necessary to satisfy domestic final demand in different countries world-wide. We calculate the indicator Raw Material Consumption (RMC), also referred to as Material Footprint (MF), by applying a global, multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model based on the GTAP database and extended by material extraction data. We examine world-wide patterns of material extraction and materials embodied in trade and consumption, investigating changes between 1997 and 2007. We find that flows of materials related to international trade have increased by almost 60% between 1997 and 2007. We show that the differences in Material Footprints per capita are huge, ranging from up to 100 tonnes in the rich, oil-exporting countries to values as low as 1.5 to 2 tonnes in some developing countries. We also quantify the differences between the indicators Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) and RMC, illustrating that net material exporters generally have a DMC larger than RMC, while the reverse is observed for net importers. Finally, we confirm the fact that most countries with stable or declining DMCs actually show increasing RMCs, indicating the occurrence of leakage effects, which are not fully captured by DMC. This challenges the world-wide use of DMC as a headline indicator for national material consumption and calls for the consideration of upstream material requirements of international trade flows.
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Britse, Oscar, and Johan Jarnmo. "Greenhouse Gas Footprint Minimization of Credit Default Swap Baskets." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149230.
Full textAbstract:
Global bond market capitalization amounts to approximately $100 trillion, compared to $60 trillion in the equity markets. Despite debt financing being a large part of the global financial market, the measurements and greenhouse gas reduction investment strategies to date are not nearly as thorough as for equity financing. More recently, the problem has been brought into light by the World Bank, expressing concerns about the crucial role of debt financing activities in the current and upcoming threats caused by climate change. A commonly used credit derivative in debt financing is credit default swaps (CDS), which is an agreement between two parties to exchange the credit risk of a reference entity. The buyer of the contract makes fixed periodic payments to the seller of the contract, who collects the premiums in exchange for making the protection buyer whole in the case of a defaulting reference entity. This thesis aims to minimize the greenhouse gas emission exposure for two CDS indices, iTraxx Main and CDX.IG, each consisting of 125 equally weighted constituents, or companies. The CDS indices are widely used high liquid fixed income instruments. In 2017, iTraxx Main had a monthly trading volume of $330-440 billion notional, and CDX.IG a corresponding volume of $200-275 billion. In order to rate the greenhouse gas emissions of the constituents, the ECOBAR model was used. The model utilizes a discrete ranking score system, where the aim is to obtain as low score as possible. To minimize the ECOBAR score for the baskets, Markowitz Modern Portfolio Theory was used, implemented by using a quadratic programming algorithm. By optimizing the portfolios while retaining a low tracking error and high correlation toward the CDS indices, underlying investment properties were retained. We show that one can construct replicated portfolios of the CDS indices that have significantly lower ECOBAR scores than the indices themselves, whilst still maintaining a low tracking error and high correlation with the actual indices. When constructing baskets of fewer constituents, one can replicate the indices with merely 10-30 constituents, without worsening the tracking error or correlation substantially, and obtain an even lower ECOBAR score for the respective portfolios.
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Lutsii, Oleksii, Volodymyr Morin, and Olena Babenko. "Fleet environmental footprint: advanced technology in the cruise industry." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18251.
Full text
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Lee, Chi-Yu, and 李啟裕. "Assessment of Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint for Synthetic Rubber Products." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jrnpwu.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院永續環境科技學程
103
In the recent years, the global warming issue is an increasingly serious problem. Warming phenomenon not only caused the climate change but also impacted on water resources and circulatory system. In order to manage the problems of greenhouse gas emission and water resources consumption, carbon footprint (CFP) and water footprint (WFP) assessment indicator is the method provides industry to quantify these problems. In Taiwan, CFP/WFP inventory system is currently evaluated by single product and single-index indicator. However, due to different system boundaries, the data brings meaningless by evaluating single product. This study mainly focused on single industry--rubber industry, including polybutadiene rubber (PBR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) as inventory targets. Standard quantification adopts “ISO/TS 14067 Greenhouse gases -- Carbon footprint of products -- Requirements and guidelines for quantification and communication” and “Water footprint assessment manual”, and completes the inventory procedure by the method of life cycle assessment. Under the structure of same type inventory category and system boundary, we can get a relatively abundant data when evaluating these three targets simultaneously by CFP/ WFP assessment which could analyze the possibility to reduce CFP/WFP assessment indicator on rubber products. This study found that (a) The CFP/WFP assessment indicator shows that SEBS is the highest, PBR is intermediate, and SBR is the lowest; (B) The hotspot of CFP/WFP centralized in the energy resource consumption during manufacturing phase, and compared with CFP/WFP derived from other the energy resources, those derived from the fuel oil occupies the highest proportion. In this study, we found that if fuel oil is replaced with the natural gas as boiler fuel, 13.49% of CFP and 38.78% of WFP will be reduced on average. (C) Capacity utilization is the key factor on CFP/WFP. Our regression analysis shows negative linear correlations between capacity utilization and CFP/WFP. When capacity utilization climbed up, the CFP/WFP decreases. (D) If some plant’s wastewater effluent is all treated by wastewater treatment plant in industrial park, the calculation of its grey water should be based on pollution loading of the wastewater treatment plant in the industrial park, and water quantity should be used as allocation principles to allocate pollution loading to the production plant of the target product in order to match the localized scenario.
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Nunes, Mariana Graça Paquete. "Gamifying sustainability : raising carbon footprint awareness through gamification : the carbon footprint movement." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31250.
Full textAbstract:
Extreme human-induced environmental pressures are being felt across the globe. Scientific evidence increasingly alerts for the urgent need to induce societal engagement in climate change mitigation to achieve carbon-reduction targets.
This thesis’ overreaching purpose aimed at appraising the extent to which a gamification-based system may increase carbon literacy and empower individuals to adopt lower-carbon lifestyles.
Simultaneously, this study explores the hotspots where policy action should be taken to reduce the contextual barriers to more pro-environmental lifestyles. Given the multitude of factors influencing behaviors, the research herein described disaggregated national data to local levels.
To attain the set objectives, a gamified-survey tool was developed, as the primary learning and data collection instrument: The Carbon Footprint Movement.
Results showed carbon footprint was not a primary deliberation preceding everyday behavior and that respondents’ misconceptions regarding the environmental effects of their actions prevailed. Additional findings also reinforced contextual factors further detached intentions from behaviors, intensifying the so-called value-action gap. Notwithstanding, participants reported carbon literacy increases (23%) and pledged imminent behavioral changes, over the course of the intervention.
This dissertation reinforces high-magnitude carbon emissions to be locked-in at the household level, and the potentiality of gamified interventions to unlock substantial reductions. However, it simultaneously unveils large potential savings to remain unfulfilled, suggesting active civic engagement also calls for wider structural adjustments
The methodology devised might be used to guide the development of future gamified interventions.Pressões ambientais extremas estão a ser sentidas em todo o mundo. Evidências científicas alertam para a necessidade urgente do envolvimento da sociedade na mitigação das alterações climáticas. Esta dissertação visa avaliar em que medida um sistema baseado na gamificação pode aumentar a literacia de carbono e capacitar os indivíduos para adotarem comportamentos mais sustentáveis. Paralelamente, este estudo explora os pontos críticos em que devem ser tomadas medidas para a redução de obstáculos a estilos de vida mais pró-ambientais. Para atingir os objetivos estabelecidos, foi desenvolvido um instrumento de aprendizagem e de recolha de dados: The Carbon Footprint Movement. Os resultados indicam que a tomada diária de decisões raramente é precedida de uma deliberação sobre a respetiva pegada de carbono, que as pessoas mantêm ideias erradas sobre a eficácia ambiental das suas ações, e que os fatores contextuais desassociam ainda mais as intenções dos comportamentos. Não obstante, os participantes reportaram aumentos em literacia de carbono (23%) e afirmaram mudanças comportamentais ao longo da intervenção. Esta dissertação destaca a potencialidade de intervenções gamificadas na redução substancial de emissões de carbono, bloqueadas ao nível doméstico. No entanto, este estudo revela que um envolvimento cívico mais ativo no combate às alterações climáticas exige, simultaneamente, ajustes estruturais fundamentais. A metodologia descrita poderá ser utilizada para orientar o desenvolvimento de futuras intervenções gamificadas.
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Chen, Ya-Hsuan, and 陳雅瑄. "Mountaineering Footprint Track System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86003766810518502523.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
資訊工程學系
102
Taiwan is a mountainous island. Due to historical and political factors, mountain climbing is a sport that has not become popular until the last few decades. Although more and more people are willing to embrace and experience the beauty of nature, the lack of education of safety in the mountains has caused accidents from time to time. Among the primary causes of accidents in the mountains, Get Lost ranks first, followed by falling, altitude illness, and hypothermia. Except accidents caused by irresistible factors such as abrupt changes of climate or creatures attacks, most accidents were initially caused by an exhaustion of physical energy and loss of concentration, which further resulted in a loss of directions, falling off valley, hypothermia or even death. In fact, this kind of accidents can be prevented. This study integrates mobile Internet devices, Google Maps, and GPS technology to build a system that tracks the real-time locations of “hiker” and the “rear personnel”. The proposed system can help hiker quickly get their position and send their coordinates to the rear personnel when Internet access is available. The rear personnel can use just an Internet browser to show the coordinates record of hiker. If the communication condition is poor, hiker can also directly dial 112 on their phone to report their current coordinates to the rescuers. This function allows users to seek help by themselves and drastically shortens the time of waiting for rescue. The client-side of the proposed system is built on Android platform. Integrating Google Maps, and built-in GPS module, this system offers four primary functions, including Download Route, Show Route, My Position, and My Footprint Record. A brief explanation of each of these functions is provided as follows: 1.Download Route: If Internet access is available, users can download the standard route from Internet before they climb any mountain. 2.Show Route: Users can see the downloaded route on Google Maps and check if they are off the route any time during their climb. 3.My Position: This function will show users’ current location with coordinates in two map datums. Users can also keep the coordinates and road condition memo in their phone. 4.My Footprint Record: Users’ footprint will be shown as a yellow line on Google Maps. Users can edit the road condition memo, delete any incorrect mark of their location, and upload their footprint to Internet for tracking by the rear personnel. Considering user privacy, the proposed system is based on an freedom operating model and the tracking mode is activated only on demand. Users do not have to user their real names and authenticate their identification. They can activate the tracking mode autonomously and decide to upload their footprint to Internet on their own. The proposed system was designed according to Web 2.0. By integrating efforts from all sides, the developer of this system attempted to gradually build a database of mountain climbing routes in Taiwan. The database can offer useful guides to mountain climbers. Moreover, with the advancement of mobile communication technology, Google Maps, and GPS, the developer wished to minimize occurrence of missing of mountain climbers to ultimately prevent accidents in the mountains.
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Fried, Claudia, Wim Hordijk, Sonja J. Prohaska, Claus R. Stadler, and Peter F. Stadler. "The Footprint Sorting Problem." 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32629.
Full textAbstract:
Phylogenetic footprints are short pieces of noncoding DNA sequence in the vicinity of a gene that are conserved between evolutionary distant species. A seemingly simple problem is to sort footprints in their order along the genomes. It is complicated by the fact that not all footprints are collinear: they may cross each other. The problem thus becomes the identification of the crossing footprints, the sorting of the remaining collinear cliques, and finally the insertion of the noncollinear ones at “reasonable” positions. We show that solving the footprint sorting problem requires the solution of the “Minimum Weight Vertex Feedback Set Problem”, which is known to be NP-complete and APX-hard. Nevertheless good approximations can be obtained for data sets of interest. The remaining steps of the sorting process are straightforward: computation of the transitive closure of an acyclic graph, linear extension of the resulting partial order, and finally sorting w.r.t. the linear extension. Alternatively, the footprint sorting problem can be rephrased as a combinatorial optimization problem for which approximate solutions can be obtained by means of general purpose heuristics. Footprint sortings obtained with different methods can be compared using a version of multiple sequence alignment that allows the identification of unambiguously ordered sublists. As an application we show that the rat has a slighly increased insertion/deletion rate in comparison to the mouse genome.
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Doherty, Eric. "AMS Lighter Footprint Strategy." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/312.
Full textAbstract:
In January 2007 the AMS approved an Environmental Sustainability Policy designed to make
the AMS’s well-established environmental actions more effective and consistent. The Policy
vision includes the responsibility the AMS has with respect to the current ecological crisis and
strongly states our commitment to meeting this obligation:
The AMS recognizes the ecological crisis humanity faces and the special responsibility
universities, and university students, have in finding and implementing solutions. We
acknowledge our obligations as global citizens and strive to create a sustainable and
equitable future for all.
The AMS will be a leader in reducing the university campus’ ecological footprint to
sustainable levels and in fostering environmental justice in our own operations and
through our relationships with the University community and the broader community. The
AMS will be an engine for new ideas and innovation, and will be a model for the
University and for other student organizations to follow.
The purposes of the Strategy defined in the AMS Environmental Sustainability Policy include:
• To guide the AMS’s work to areas where we can have the greatest effect.
• To establish procedures for monitoring and reporting on progress.
• To showcase the AMS’s leadership in order to distinguish the AMS and our businesses
from the University as a whole.
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Hung, Hui-Chuan, and 洪慧娟. "Assessment of Carbon footprint and Water footprint of pig farms: A case study." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57034616690526319415.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
環境工程與科學學系
102
This study investigated the influences of the three-stage wastewater treatment and clean-pig model on the carbon footprint and water footprint of pig farming. By identifying the inventory of carbon footprint and water footprint, the carbon emission and water consumption of the pig farming in the different growth stages of pig was comprehended. The results of this study indicated that the carbon footprint for one kilogram of pork were 4.64 and 3.88 kgCO2eq for the three-stage wastewater treatment and the clean-pig model, respectively. The difference of these two carbon footprints was 0.76 kgCO2eq. When the manure solid was picked up before washing as in the clean-pig model, the carbon footprint per kilogram of pork was 3.61 kgCO2eq, which was 1.03 kgCO2eq less than the three-stage wastewater treatment. Results of this study showed that the water footprint per kilogram of pork were 3,424 and 3,317 kg for the three-stage wastewater treatment and the clean-pig model, respectively. The difference of these two water footprints was 107 kg. If the treated wastewater was not reused, the water footprints were 3,459 and 3,336 kg per kilogram of pork for the three-stage wastewater treatment and the clean-pig model, respectively. The difference of these two water footprint was 123 kg. Base on the carbon footprint produced at different growth stages of pig, the order for the carbon footprint was piggery wastewater treatment > pig feed generation > slaughtering process > transportation > energy resource. The order for the water foot print was pig feed generation > piggery wastewater treatment > slaughtering process > transportation. The component analysis showed that the order for the water footprint of pig farming was green water footprint > blue water footprint > grey water footprint. The generation of pig contributed most the green water footprint. To conclude, the types of the piggery wastewater treatments greatly influenced the carbon footprint and water footprint of pig farming. The clean pig model effectively reduced the carbon footprint and water footprint. The Council of Agriculture should promote the clean pig model and grant funds to reduce the carbon footprint and water footprint of the pig farming.
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Huang, Guo-cheng, and 黃國誠. "Activity Based Carbon Footprint – a method for product carbon footprint calculation using Activity-Based Costing." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20595215059723127899.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
101
The situation of climate change caused by global warming becomes more and more serious. In recent years, the unprecedented of abnormal weather phenomena emerge all around the world, just like the counterattack of nature. A lot of the countries in Europe and the Americas had noticed that the importance of carbon reduction more than ten years ago. In the contrast, the concept of the environmental protection was realized by Asia countries in recent years. With the “Kyoto protocol” was signed in December 1997, there were a lot of countries beginning to set their own carbon reduction target. Although, Taiwan didn’t restrict by “Kyoto protocol”, and do not need for commitment to carbon reduction targets. But, as a member of the Global Village, Taiwan should take the responsibility to against global warming with others. The consultancies in Taiwan begin to provide the services of Organization Carbon Inventory and Product Carbon Footprint for business organization in Taiwan, according to the International regulations and the guideline “Greenhouse gas inventory and login” developed by Environmental Protection Administration, R.O.C. (Taiwan). But, the assisted computing greenhouse gas emission method that consultants use is too rough during the inventory. Therefore, our study is going to use Activity-Based Costing approach that can separate costing well and using it to assisted computing greenhouse gas emission. Currently, there were no literature shows that they apply the ABC approach in greenhouse gas calculation because the ABC approach is purpose to separate the costs. In this study, we are going to use the calculate logic of ABC approach to develop an assisted computing greenhouse gas emission method – Activity Based Carbon Footprint. Use the sample pump in ERP of SAP to simulate the ABCF operation. At last, making a conclusion and suggesting the future research.
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Shih-ChiehHuang and 黃世傑. "The Study of Assessment Method for Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint of Mechanical Equipment and Products." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68245931236423000991.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系
103
The establishment of European Directive EuP and ErP has driven manufacturers to produce green products. Yet Carbon footprint and Water footprint are two important indicators to assess whether the product is environmentally friendly or not. But for Taiwan's machinery industry, carbon footprint and water footprint calculation is not common. Therefore, this study presents a carbon footprint and water footprint assessment method for mechanical engineers can be used when designing their new machine products. This method is based on life cycle assessment. First to classify every machine components, then analyze their raw material and manufacturing process. And according to the different transport, using and recycling situations have differnt calculate methods. Finally, use the life cycle assessment database and the literature data to accomplish the Carbon footprint and Water footprint assessment method.