To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: For Traction Effort.
Journal articles on the topic 'For Traction Effort'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'For Traction Effort.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Salavat Mudarisov, Ilshat Gainullin, Ildar Gabitov, and Eduard Khasanov. "Improvement of Traction Indicators of a Track-Chain Tractor." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 3 (2020): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.3.89-102.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research was to conduct the comparative traction tests for T-170M1.03-55 tractor with a flat and elliptical rim. Structurally rational geometry of the crawler's support surface for tractors with semi-rigid suspension is realized by placing the support rollers at different heights relative to the cart. The results of traction tests showed that elliptical track rim has increased the maximum traction power by 10.4%, conditional traction propulsive efficiency coefficient to 7.43% and the specific traction effort by 8%. The increase in indicators is provided by a lower rolling resistance of a tractor with an elliptical rim. Reduction of the resistance power to rolling of the tractor with an ellipse track rim occurs due to alignment of support rollers vertical load and reduction of resistance to rollers movement on internal contours of tracks and in hinges of track chain links. The results of the research indicate a significant improvement in traction performance of T-170M1.03.55 tractors with elliptical track-chain rim.
2
Guskov, A. V. "Determination of nominal traction effort of a wheel tractor 4К4 of 5,0…7,0 traction class". Вестник Белорусско-Российского университета, № 1 (2008): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53078/20778481_2008_1_21.
Full text
3
Rahman, A., A. Yahya, and A. K. M. Mohiuddin. "Mobility investigation of a designed and developed segmented rubber track vehicle on Sepang peat terrain in Malaysia." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 7 (2007): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto139.
Full textAbstract:
The traction mechanics of a vehicle was developed based on the track-terrain interaction mechanism. The vehicle was tested on three different terrains: terrain I, terrain II, and terrain III. The tractive effort of the vehicle increased 14 per cent when the moisture content of the terrain increased from 59.85 per cent to 81.06 per cent. A traction coefficient of 48 per cent of the vehicle's gross weight justified the vehicle's optimum design for the Sepang peat terrain. Less variability of the vehicle's tractive effort for straight motion in the range of 7.5 per cent to 13.2 per cent and for turning motion in the range of 9 per cent to 11.5 per cent between the predicted and measured tractive effort on the peat terrain III for different loading and operating speeds substantiate the validity of the developed mathematical model.
4
Fedorenko, Vyacheslav F., Vitaly E. Tarkivskiy, Nikolay P. Mishurov, and Nikolay V. Trubitsyn. "Digital Data Processing Methods for Estimating Tractive Force of Tractors." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 1 (2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202101.127-142.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. When carrying out an energy assessment of agricultural machines and traction tests of tractors, the most important indicator is the value of the tractive effort. The existing methods for determining the tractive effort of tractors imply the use of specialized measuring instruments, such as strain gauges and devices for processing and displaying information. The accuracy of determining the tractive effort is significantly influenced by the physical and mechanical properties of soil. To process the useful signal during the measurement of tractive effort, the data stream of the strain gauge sensor must be subjected to additional digital filtering taking into account the operating conditions of the agricultural unit. Materials and Methods. The functions of changing the tractive effort obtained on the K-744R2 tractor in various gears have been analyzed. An algorithm for digital processing of the signal of a strain gauge force meter based on a median filter has been developed that makes it possible to increase the measurement accuracy. The advantage of the proposed method is the ability to cut off sharp short-term impulse noise and sharp fluctuations in the amplitude of the measured value. Results. A method for determining the amount of tractive effort using median signal processing has been proposed. A device for determining the tractive effort during testing of agricultural tractors and units has been developed. The choice of the main components of the device for determining the magnitude of the tractive effort has been substantiated. As a result of the research, a device for measuring and digital processing of the signal of a force meter based on a microcontroller and specialized software for processing initial data in real time was designed and manufactured. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed method makes it possible to exclude the negative effect of impulse noise arising in the process of measuring the tractive effort of the tractor. The proposed device for measuring the tractive effort of tractors is compatible at the level of the exchange protocol with existing devices, has a high speed of operation in real time, multi-channel operation.
5
Liudvinavičius, Lionginas, Leonas Povilas Lingaitis, Stasys Dailydka, and Virgilijus Jastremskas. "THE ASPECT OF VECTOR CONTROL USING THE ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION MOTOR IN LOCOMOTIVES." TRANSPORT 24, no. 4 (2009): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.318-324.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines curves controlling asynchronous traction motors increasingly used in locomotive electric drives the main task of which is to create a tractive effort‐speed curve of an ideal locomotive Fk = f(v), including a hyperbolic area the curve of which will create conditions showing that energy created by the diesel engine of diesel locomotives (electric locomotives and in case of electric trains, electricity taken from the contact network) over the entire range of locomotive speed is turned into efficient work. Mechanical power on wheel sets is constant Pk = Fkv = const, the power of the diesel engine is fully used over the entire range of locomotive speed. Tractive effort‐speed curve Fk(v) shows the dependency of locomotive traction power Fk on movement speed v. The article presents theoretical and practical aspects relevant to creating the structure of locomotive electric drive and selecting optimal control that is especially relevant to creating the structure of locomotive electric drive using ATM (asynchronous traction motor) that gains special popularity in traction rolling stock replacing DC traction motors having low reliability. __e frequency modes of asynchronous motor speed regulation are examined. To control ATM, the authors suggest the method of vector control presenting the structural schemes of a locomotive with ATM and control algorithm.
6
Puzakov, Andrey. "Developing the model of normal operation of starter motor traction relays." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 05039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912405039.
Full textAbstract:
Malfunction of motor starter traction relays cause the impossibility of the reliable start of internal combustion engines which, if the worst comes to the worst, can create the risk of traffic accident occurrence. Electric resistances of traction relay coils are structural and diagnostic parameters at the same time. Emergence and development of failures causes the change of magnetomotive force generated by the traction relay coils. Critical values of electric resistances correspond to failures of traction relay coils, i.e., inability to perform the built-in functions. The developed mathematical model of traction relay normal operation includes the amount of effort generated and voltage loss on contacts as controlled values for the drive mechanism and the starter electric motor, respectively. The results obtained contribute to the development of the method of motor-and-tractor starter diagnostics without removing it from the engine.
7
Oliver, Tim, Olga J. Pletjuushkina, Juri M. Vasiliev, Micah Dembo, and Ken Jacobson. "Mapping traction forces generated by motile cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010014083x.
Full textAbstract:
In a continuing effort to understand how cell-generated traction forces are utilised for locomotion, we have applied our modified silicone rubber traction force assay to rapidly locomoting fish epidermal keratocytes executing turns and shape changes, and negotiating obstacles. The resulting maps show that these cells can redistribute tractions from the “steady-state” pattern (previously observed during unobstructed, gliding locomotion), into a variety of transient patterns, with lifetimes of less than 1 minute (Figs. 1-4). The map for a “steady state” locomoting keratocyte shows a maximum traction force density of ~5x10-5 dynes/μm (data not shown). This value was derived from cell-free experiments in which elastic films were manipulated with a pair of micronneedles. Such experiments, in which all forces were known, showed that both the magnitude and direction of traction forces applied to the film could be closely predicted, and that the Young’s modulus of elasticity for the silicone substratum could be calculated. The consequences for understanding the underlying molecular basis for shape change and cell motility from this type of analysis will be discussed.
8
Li, Li Shun, Xiang De Meng, and Juan Qing Zhan. "Design and Traction Performance of the Track Device Circling Driving Wheel for Truck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.239.
Full textAbstract:
To improve passing topography capacity of 2WD truck on soft soil, A track device circling driving wheel (TDCDW) is developed and tested. Tests are conducted on sandy loam to determine the traction performance of the TDCDW. The drawbar pull and the slip of the 2WD truck with TDCDW are measured by the dynamometer vehicle. The soil resistance of 2WD truck with TDCDW is got by pulling the wire rope fixed on truck with the winch and reading the load cell fixed on the wire rope. The main results of this study are: The load on the front wheel has no influences on the tractive effort of TDCDW on sandy loam. The slip of the vehicles with the TDCDW is not the simple assembled slip of wheel on TDCDW and TDCDW on sandy loam. When the load is the same, the maximum tractive effort of truck with TDCDW is equal to the maximum tractive effort of tracked vehicle with the same contact area on sandy loam.
9
Worobets, Jay T., Fausto Panizzolo, Steve Hung, John W. Wannop, and Darren J. Stefanyshyn. "Increasing Running Shoe Traction can Enhance Performance." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 2 (2014): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-02-2014-b003.
Full textAbstract:
The outsole of a running shoe must provide enough traction for the athlete to avoid slipping during running. What is unknown is whether there is any point to designing running shoe outsoles with traction above this minimum required traction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether performance could be enhanced by increasing the outsole traction of a running shoe. A commercially available running shoe (Control) was compared against the same shoe model with the outsole modified with a higher traction rubber (High Traction). The available traction of each shoe was measured with a traction testing system. Twenty male athletes completed a maximal effort timed running course in both shoes on two different surfaces. When wearing the Control running shoe, the athletes were able to complete the course on an asphalt road surface at maximal effort without slipping. When completing the same course wearing the High Traction shoe, the subjects were able to perform the course even faster. Therefore, the results show that the role of running shoe outsole traction is not to merely provide adequate traction to avoid large scale slips, but can also help athletes enhance performance of high-traction tasks such as accelerations and changes in direction.
10
Ismail, Amir Basha, Azirinda Mohd Sultan, and Mohd Asri Yusoff. "Simulation Assessment of the Existing KTMB Klang Valley 25kV Traction Power System Adequacy to Support the New 6-Car Train with Shorter Headway Commuter Service Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.292.
Full textAbstract:
In 2012, KTMB launched a new fleet of China-made 6-car electric multiple units (EMUs) to augment their existing 3-car EMUs, the objective being to expand the capacity of its Klang Valley train commuter service from 33,000 to 95,000 passengers during the morning and afternoon peak hours. Due to significant expansion in train traffic density, it was essential to investigate whether the existing 25kV overhead centenary system (OCS) electrical network infrastructure could support the ensuing electrical power demands/loads due to the additional tractive effort of the 6-car trains and increased train traffic density. Traction power simulation study using MM-TRAIN software was conducted for this purpose. This paper illustrates the indispensable tool of traction power simulation software to access the performance of moving rail traction loads under normal (no outage) and under first emergency feeding conditions (n-1 outage contingency)
11
Keropyan, Ambartsum, Yuriy Babichev, and Pavel Sizin. "Investigation of the process of controlled starting of the open-pit locomotive for ensuring the maximum adhesion coefficient at the starting." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402026.
Full textAbstract:
In order to control the calculated coefficient of adhesion of the locomotive bandages with the rail, a controlled starting of the career locomotive is suggested, in which the relative traction coefficient varies over the time according to the exponential dependence. To realize a rational starting process the tractive effort during the ¼ of the starting period should be ¾ of the maximum which is recommended by the traction conditions for a given section of the track, and for the remaining time, i.e. in the interval of the subsequent three-fourths of the starting time, the tractive effort must be smoothly brought to the required level, acceleration during the same period must also be changed (decreased) and at the end of the starting process, when the train reaches the working speed at this track section, it must be made equal to zero. It is proposed a relationship for determining of the starting time of the locomotive, depending on the initial parameters and actual operating conditions, which makes it possible to develop technical requirements for the automatic launch system of a open pit locomotive, which ensure the implementation of the maximum possible values of adhesion coefficients closed to optimal after the starting process.
12
Wiers, Paul C., and Anoop K. Dhingra. "On the Beneficial Effects of Anti-Squat in Rear Suspension Design of a Drag Racing Motorcycle." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 1 (2000): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1431261.
Full textAbstract:
In the drag racing environment, maximizing tractive effort is essential to competitive performance. Anti-squat is a transient vehicle suspension parameter which can dramatically affect tractive effort available at the motorcycle drive tire. This paper addresses the design of a four-link rear suspension for a drag racing motorcycle to provide anti-squat, which increases rear tire traction, thereby improving vehicle acceleration performance. Utilizing PC based CAD, finite element analysis and dynamic system analysis software, a motorcycle rear suspension system was designed, built and tested under actual racing conditions. Parametric studies using dynamic theoretical models were conducted for both unsuspended and four-link equipped versions of the same vehicle. Based on the results, it is shown that the four-link suspension, when applied to a drag racing motorcycle, does provide opportunity for improving tractive effort at the beginning of a race which will improve overall drag racing performance.
13
Feng, Xuesong, Hanxiao Zhang, Yong Ding, Zhili Liu, Hongqin Peng, and Bin Xu. "A Review Study on Traction Energy Saving of Rail Transport." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/156548.
Full textAbstract:
The energy cost of a rail transport system is very big especially for the tractions of trains in its daily operation. Continual effort on decreasing the traction energy cost intensities of various rail transport modes has been made by many researchers and practitioners on different aspects for a long time. From the rail transport operation perspective, this study reviews such energy-saving research mainly focusing on the optimizations of train coasting schemes, the rational designs and utilizations of track alignments, the ameliorations of train attributes, and the improvements of system operations. According to the review work, it is confirmed that in sound responses to distinct track alignments, dynamically optimizing control programs of trains with their reasonably improved attributes ought to be further studied in view of the systematic transport operation of a rail line or network in an integrated manner as much as possible in the future research on traction energy saving of rail transport.
14
Хафизов, Камиль, Kamil Khafizov, Рамиль Хафизов, et al. "THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CREATING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TRACTOR TRACTION EFFICIENCY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 3 (2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db9748fc053c2.28431294.
Full textAbstract:
To identify the main parameters of the tractor - its mass, engine power, wheel diameter and its profile width (four-parameter optimization) using the optimization criterion - the total energy costs (taking into account the energy of the crop lost due to the non-optimality of these parameters), it is necessary to have a mathematical model for calculation of engine power through the traction coefficient of performance of the tractor. The traction efficiency of the tractor is calculated through f is the coefficient of resistance to rolling of the tractor wheel and d is the coefficient of slipping of the tractor wheel. An analysis of the applied theory developed by previous researchers showed that the values f and d depend on the weight of the tractor coming to one wheel G, the diameter D and the width of the profile of the wheel B, the pressure in its tires ρw, the hardness of the soil H, the effort on the tractor hook Pkp and its speed V. During the analysis, it was found that the larger the diameter of the wheel, the width of the tire profile, the less the vertical load on the wheel and the pressure in the tires, the less the resistance to rolling the wheel over the soil being compacted. It is concluded that the study of the nature of the change in the coefficient of resistance to rolling wheels f and their slipping d from the above factors must be carried out jointly, because they influence each other. The absence of acceptable mathematical dependences for calculating the indicated coefficients, with the simultaneous action of all identified factors, leads to the need for a seven-factor experiment to identify the dependencies f =j (G, D, b, ρw, H, Ркр, V) and δ =ψ (G, D, b, ρw, H, Ркр, V), which is very difficult in operating conditions, therefore, using the similarity theory, it is necessary to reduce the number of factors in the experiment to four.
15
Kim, Chul Su, and Gil Hyun Kang. "Durability Analysis of the Reduction Gear for High Speed Train Considering Driving Histories." Advanced Materials Research 586 (November 2012): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.586.269.
Full textAbstract:
To assure the safety of the power bogies for train, it is important to perform the durability analysis of reduction gear considering a variation of velocity and traction motor capability. In this study, two types of applied load histories were constructed from driving histories considering the tractive effort and the train running curves by using dynamic analysis software (MSC.ADAMS). Moreover, this study was performed by evaluating fatigue damage of the reduction gears for rolling stock using durability analysis software (MSC.FATIGUE). The finite element model for evaluating the carburizing effect on the gear surface was used for predicting the fatigue life of the gears. The results showed that the fatigue life of the reduction gear would decrease with an increasing numbers of stops at station.
16
Pichlík, Petr. "Summary of the Modern Wheel Slip Controller Principles." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 8, no. 2 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2019.2.026.
Full textAbstract:
<span lang="EN-GB">Railway traction vehicles need to transfer high tractive effort from wheels to rails. The task is complicated because the maximum transferable force continuously changes during the train run, and the change can lead to the high wheels slip velocity or slippage. The effects are undesirable and must be prevented if it is possible or at least limited by slip controllers. There have been several slip controllers developed based on different principles with different degree of complexity and efficiency. The paper summarises principles of the slip control methods and brings their overview with the simulation of their behaviour.</span>
17
Berestov, E. I., and A. V. Kulabukhov. "GROUND LOADING BY TRACKS OF TRACK MACHINES: REVIEW OF DESIGN SCHEMES." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 63, no. 2 (2018): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2018-63-2-181-191.
Full textAbstract:
The results of investigations in the field of existing soil loading schemes by tracks of tracked vehicles and their effect on the traction force realized by a caterpillar propulsion device are presented. The review shows that most researchers emphasize the important role of lugs in the creation of tractive effort. However, most of the existing methods of calculating the traction force on the clutch are based on one or another specific design scheme that does not depend on the loads acting on the tracks, on the combination of the parameters of the grousers and on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The use of these methods does not allow us to consider the sequence and alternative variants of soil disruption, and also to establish a relationship between the magnitude of the tangential force acting on the tract with a wide range of combinations of geometric parameters of the grousers, and to link it to the physical processes taking place in the soil. Consequently, these methods do not fully describe the interaction of the crawler tracks with the ground, which makes it difficult to use them to optimize the geometric parameters of the lugs. The authors proposed an analytical method for analyzing the interaction of soil with a track of a caterpillar engine based on the regularities of the theory of the limiting state of ground masses and the main provisions used in the theory of cutting soil, taking into account the revealed features of this interaction, which makes it possible to investigate the interaction of tracks of a caterpillar propulsion with soil, taking into account the multiphase and alternative options for the destruction of soil between the grousers. This method allows you to choose the parameters of the lugs, providing an improvement in traction and coupling properties of crawler tractors.
18
ADU, L. F., A. M. OMOTAYO, A. B. J. AINA, and S. O. IPOSU. "ANIMAL TRACTION TECHNOLOGY IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (January 3, 2021): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1977.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the finding of a about 80% of adult working population of survey on the potential of Animal the State. Thc 1.5 million hectares of land traction technology in Ogun State of Iraq covers mainly the rain of Nigeria. A total of fifteen settlement forests and the derived Savanna. The (Camps) and sixty households were farnicts, who arc mostly small holders and purposely selected and surveyed arc resource-poor, cultivate on the average using a combination of structured 1.2 hectares with traditional farm interview schedule and participatory implements. Farm production is achicvcd. Rural Appraisal technique. Data were almost entirely with the aid of family analysed using descriptive statistics. labour as costos hired labour is Fulani of Kwara State of Nigeria origin prohibitive and there are labour shortage settled in Ogun State with their cattle particularly for land preparation, weeding for over 25 years and are pursuing and harvesting Government effort at sedentary lifestyle as agro-pastoralists. introducing tractor hiring services was a They operate under a relatively secure failure as thc policy could not be sustained tenurial arrangement that allow them to due to high hiring charges, delays in settle and practise arable crop farming. providing the service and unavailability of They prepare the land for planting tractors. This situation gives a compelling using the ridge system, which favours the need for a locally sustainable cheaper use of animal traction. The very cost labour-saving technology. of hired labour represents a major Omotayo and Idisi (1990) reported that the incentive for adoption of animal U$C of animal traction contributed traction technology. The average cattle immensely to farm output and family herd size is 30. All the respondents were income in Northern Nigeria. They are aware of the use of animal traction. technology was not extended to Southern Although none of the respondents had Nigeria because of the perceived fear of using the technology in Ogun State, they tested . Reports (Adu. 1993: Ogungbe nevertheless believed that the technology and Adu, 1998) on the settlement of Fulan can be used in the State. They all agro-pastoralists with their cattle in the indicated readiness to release their humid zone of Nige cattle for training if the technology is to Also, experiences from other parts of West be introduced. The paper discussed Africa with similar ecological and socio animal traction in rural economy, its cultural setting or environment, confirmed potential and constraints.
19
Kim, Yoon Young, and Charles R. Steele. "Effects of Lateral Surface Conditions in Time-Harmonic Nonsymmetric Wave Propagation in a Cylinder." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 4 (1989): 910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176190.
Full textAbstract:
The present work is a part of the effort toward the development of an efficient method of solution to handle general nonsymmetric time-harmonic end conditions in a cylinder with a traction-free lateral surface. Previously, Kim and Steele (1989a) develop an approach for the general axisymmetric case, which utilizes the well-known uncoupled wave solutions for a mixed lateral wall condition. For the case of a traction-free lateral wall, the uncoupled wave solutions provide: (1) a convenient set of basis functions and (2) approximations for the relation between end stress and displacement which are asymptotically valid for high mode index numbers. The decay rate with the distance from the end is, however, highly dependent on the lateral wall conditions. The present objective was to demonstrate that the uncoupled solutions of the nonsymmetric waves discussed by Kim (1989), which satisfy certain mixed lateral wall conditions, can be utilized in an analogous manner for the asymptotic analysis of the traction-free case. Results for the end displacement/stress due to various end conditions, computed by the present method and by a more standard collocation method, were compared. The present method was found to reduce the computational effort by orders of magnitude.
20
Baklanov, Alexander, Nikolay Yesin, and Andrey Shilyakov. "ULL AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF NEW ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (December 17, 2017): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-4-70-80.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To study the specificities and parameters of the new, including innovative, freight and passenger electric locomotives, produced for domestic railways in the framework of the program of creating the new locomotives in 2004–2010. To analyze pull and energy efficiency parameters of direct current and alternating current electric locomotives. To estimate the maximum weight of trains and specific energy consumption of electric locomotives. To detect the advantages of new electric locomotives in comparison with those produced earlier. To develop guidelines on efficiency improvement of the new electric locomotives. Methods: Comparative analysis, methods of grade computations, linear regression analysis, power balance method. Results: The main design features and parameters of the new and earlier produced electric locomotives were studied, the former include the power of tractive motors, traction effort, as well as the speed at continuous rating of traction. The parameters of the new and earlier produced electric locomotives were compared. Key performance indicators of electric locomotives were analyzed, such as the maximum mass of a train and specific energy consumption on traction. The comparison of the above-mentioned indicators with performance indicators of earlier produced electric locomotives was given. According to calculation data and statistical data analysis the advantages of new electric locomotives were determined over those produced earlier. High performance of regenerative breaking was shown, specifically new electric locomotives. It was detected that in winter regeneration of electric energy was significantly reduced, in case of regenerative braking of passenger electric locomotives series EP1 with alternating current, as most of energy generated by tractive motors was spent on electric heating circuits of passenger cars. Guidelines on efficiency improvement of new electric locomotives were developed. Practical importance: The conditions in which new electric locomotives would implement the available advantages were determined, compared to those produced earlier. The elaborated offers make it possible to improve pull and energy efficiency of the new electric locomotives in operation.
21
S V, Nuthan Kumar. "Gyroscopic Stabilization of Two Wheeled Electric Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (2021): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37333.
Full textAbstract:
This paper report on research and fabrication of an electric vehicle prototype that will be capable of balancing itself without human effort. This vehicle will be implementing a control moment gyroscope for balancing purpose. The project also concerned about the environmental effects of conventional internal combustion Engines and to effectively use the alternative propulsion system which is electric traction system, where using Electric motors the vehicle is propelled. The system uses a control moment gyroscope to static balancing of the vehicle and using its angular momentum and precessional moment. Along with the fact that it uses a electric traction motor he implementation of new optimizations for power and mileage the efficiency is improved.
22
Borisov, Stanislav, Ekaterina Koltunova, and Sergei Kladiev. "Traction asynchronous electric drive of mine electric locomotivesimulation model structure improvement." Journal of Mining Institute 247 (March 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.1.12.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the solution to the problem of underground railway transport slipping in dynamic modes, which occurs when there is a significant difference in the speeds of the driving and driven pairs of wheels. The state of the rail surfaces largely determines the coefficient of adhesion, therefore, using a mathematical model, the condition for the dependence of the magnitude of slipping and tractive effort is selected. For effective acceleration and deceleration of an electric locomotive, it is necessary to control the coefficient of adhesion at a certain level. A simulation model of rolling stock has been created, which for the first time takes into account a mechanical system with distributed parameters. In the structural diagram of the automatic control system of traction electric drives with frequency regulation, such factors as the volume of goods being moved, rolling friction, slope (rise) levels and the state of the rail track are taken into account. The simulation results show the features of the movement and stops of the freight train not only by the diagrams of speed and forces in the modes of acceleration-deceleration and uniform movement, but also the positions of the plungers and tractive forces on the couplings of the electric locomotive and all trolleys involved in the movement of goods. The practical application of the proposed method lies in the possibility of starting a heavily laden train from its place on the ascent section in conditions of insufficient adhesion coefficient with contaminated roads.
23
Onat, Altan, Petr Voltr, and Michael Lata. "An unscented Kalman filter-based rolling radius estimation methodology for railway vehicles with traction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 6 (2017): 1686–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717745201.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring the conditions of railway vehicle systems plays an important role in the maintenance of safety and performance of railway vehicles. Rolling radius is one of the properties that should be monitored continuously for the predictive maintenance of a railway vehicle since it changes with time due to wheel wear. In this study, a model-based condition monitoring methodology, which is based on an unscented Kalman filter, is proposed. The model includes the torsional dynamics of an independently rotating tram wheel with a traction motor and a contact model. The rolling radius is estimated by considering the traction effort of the motor and the angular velocity measurements. The proposed methodology is tested on a tram wheel test stand (roller rig), which has a wheel on roller configuration. First, a mathematical model is validated by the measurements taken from the test stand. Second, the unscented Kalman filter is applied as a parameter estimator. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is a promising option to be used in the predictive condition monitoring of the wheel profile for traction vehicles.
24
Mugaruka Josue, Mugisho, and Regis Nibaruta. "DC RAILWAY POWER FLOW ANALYSIS FOR ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT USING NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 744–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12900.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses Newton–Raphson method for DC power flow analysis of the Addis Ababa light Rail Transit (AALRT). The study focuses onthe line section from Menilik II square station up to Lideta station. First the tractive effort required by the trains for different scenarios such as train movement in a straight line, a curved line, and a line with gradient is computed as the chosen line section contains all these scenarios. Then the total input power will be calculated using computed tractive effort obtained for each scenario and using other input parameters obtained from AALRT, and different papers. The input power for the different loads is computed, and the input power is used to analyse the bus voltage for different loads and train positions. Newton Raphson Method is used to solve the DC Power bus problem assuming that the train requires constant power while moving between two feeding stations. Even if using the rail as the return conductor for DC traction systems has economic advantages, it has some limitations like the rail potential and stray current. A rail potential study is carried out and conclusions are drawn. The result shows that the maximum voltage drop was 0.1 p.u and the train power consumption increases by 136.73 kW as the train takes a gradient of 3.92% and keep increasing again by 29.17kw with a curve resistance (100 meters). The Rail potential moves from 6.0139V to 29.85V proportionally with the variation of the total ground resistance.
25
Worobets, Jay, Fausto Panizzolo, Steve Hung, John William Wannop, and Darren Stefanyshyn. "The influence of running shoe traction on performance in a short duration maximal effort running drill." Footwear Science 3, sup1 (2011): S167—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2011.575833.
Full text
26
Nikitin, Viktor V., and Vladimir M. Strepetov. "Linear asynchronous traction drive in urban rail and maglev transport systems." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 4 (2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2020645-24.
Full textAbstract:
The development of transport infrastructure of large cities with high population density and development should be carried out on the basis of innovative technical solutions, that allow to simplify the conditions of laying of tracks, reduce the cost of construction, reduce noise, provide comfort to passengers and reduce the cost of operating rolling stock. One such solution, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by foreign experience, is the use of linear asynchronous traction drive (LATD) in urban rail and maglev transport systems. This, in particular, allows to increase the allowable value of slope paths to 6065, reduce the vertical dimensions of rolling stock to 3.15 m, reduce the diameter of the tunnel by 2530%. The release of the wheel pair from the function of the implementation of traction effort makes it possible to apply on the wagons the articulated semi-frames of trolleys, that ensures better rolling stock in curves, and as a result - less wear of wheels and rails and less noise.
 This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of LATD compared to the traction drive of traditional execution, considers variants of constructive performance of linear induction motors (LIM), processes of electromechanical energy conversion in LIM, the option of building a LATD control system is presented. The article examines the flat LIM, which have found use in the transport systems of major cities in Asia and America. The processes of energy conversion in LIM are distinguished by the presence of a longitudinal edge effect, which determines the distortion of the resulting magnetic field, which is manifested in the reduction of induction and the displacement of the peak of the induction distribution curve to the escaping edge of the inductor. This effect is particularly manifested in high-speed LIMs with high quality. When the linearity of the magnetic environment is allowed, the resulting electromagnetic force of the LIM can be considered as the sum of electromagnetic forces created by the main field, as well as the direct and reverse fields of the longitudinal edge effect. The edge effects reduce efficiency and power ratio of LIM. The article discusses ways to compensate for the edge effects, as well as an overview of the world experience of the use of LATD in rail and maglev transport systems.
 The advantages of LATD and the world experience of its use suggest that for urban transport systems at speeds of up to 100-120 km/h this drive can be a real competition to traditional urban rail systems.
27
Abu-Hamdeh, Nidal H., and Hamid F. Al-Jalil. "Computer simulation of stability and control of tractor-trailed implement combinations under different operating conditions." Bragantia 63, no. 1 (2004): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052004000100015.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanics of a tractor-trailer system moving up and down sloping ground under different operating conditions was theoretically simulated. A computer program was developed to analyze the system to predict the effect of both the trailer loading weight and the slope angle on the tractor stability, traction ability, and drawbar loading. The program was used to analyze a tractor-trailer system moving at uniform motion up and downhill. The results of this analysis showed that the tractor becomes unstable when towing a 3750 kg trailer uphill at 28° slope angle. Insufficient traction occurred at slope angles ranging from 15° to 18° corresponding to trailer weight of 3750 to 750 kg. The parallel component of drawbar pull reached a maximum value of 17318 N when the trailer was pushing the tractor downhill at 30° slope angle. The normal component (normal to the tractive surface) showed similar maximum values for both uphill and downhill motions of the system. The use of computer analysis in this study provided a significant improvement in predicting the effect of different parameters on stability and control of tractor-trailer combination on sloping ground.
28
Anita, Wan. "TECHNIQUES OF PAIN REDUCTION IN THE NORMAL LABOR PROCESS : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Jurnal Endurance 2, no. 3 (2017): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v2i3.2357.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>Pain during labor is a physiological condition commonly experienced by most maternity mothers. Labor pain is a subjective experience caused by uterine muscle ischemia, withdrawal and traction of uterine ligaments, ovarian traction, fallopian tubes and lower uterine distension, pelvic floor muscles and perineum. The pain in labor arises from psychic responses and physical reflexes. The purpose of this Systematic review is to look at effective methods for reducing pain in the labor process so that it can be used as an alternative method of reducing pain in patients who will give birth. This review systematic review of the published artike through google scholar site with 17 journals reviewed. In an effort to reduce labor pain there are various methods that can be used in providing midwifery care in the process of childbirth. Based on this systematic review it can be concluded that many methods of pain reduction that can be used in reducing labor pain are counter pressure and abdominal lifting, hypnobirthing, religious and murottal music, classical music and local music, relaxation, compress, warm ginger drink, acupressur , TENS, account and aromatherapy.</em><em></em></p>
29
Pappas, George, Nectarios Vidakis, Markos Petousis, and Athena Maniadi. "Individualized Ophthalmic Exoplants by Means of Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing Technologies for Treating High Myopia Complications with Macular Buckles." Biomimetics 5, no. 4 (2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5040054.
Full textAbstract:
Myopic macular foveoschisis maculopathy is an eye disease that is treated, in most cases, with surgical intervention, in which a macular buckle is applied to restore eye anatomy and functionality. A macular buckle is a type of exoplant that comes in various designs and sizes. Often, they are difficult to apply or they do not fit properly in the eye geometry since they have a generic form. In this work, the effort to develop the most suitable tailor-made macular buckle for each individual patient for treating myopic traction maculopathy is studied. Pattern recognition techniques are applied to the patient’s Computed Tomography (CT) data to develop the exact 3D geometry of the eye. Using this 3D geometry, the trajectory of the buckle is fitted and the buckle is formed, which is then 3D-printed with biocompatible polymer materials. It is expected that the power of technology will be used to activate the most precise approach for each individual patient. Considering the possible complications and technical difficulties of other surgical methods, the customized macular buckle is an appropriate, easy-to-use, and most precise piece of medical equipment for the treatment of myopic traction maculopathy.
30
Abdullah, Muhammad. "Tracing the Trace of Thought Sholeh Land and Islamic Traction in Semarang." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207081.
Full textAbstract:
By translating many books of fiqh and Sufism into Javanese, KH Sholeh Darat has actually left a trail of brilliant Islamic thought in Semarang. This can be traced through his works which are works of translation, one of which is the magnum opus is the Book of Syarh Al Hikam. Therefore, the teachings of Islam are easily understood and accepted by the Semarang Islamic community. This is as conveyed in the message of preaching at the house of the Regent of Demak who is the uncle of R.A. Kartini. KH Sholeh Darat translated the Koran into Javanese using Arabic Pegon. Therefore, the effort to translate various books into Javanese is none other than the process of Islamization in Semarang, which is a trail of Islamic teaching that is very accommodating to Javanese culture in the Semarang area. Therefore, this manuscript needs to be studied philologically and thematically, especially the values of the propaganda of KH Sholeh Darat which provide a wind of harmony in religion. Through intertextual studies this study intends to find the character relationship of Syarah Al Hikam KH Soleh Darat. Through the learning of the Al Hikam book, traces of Islamic thought and the method of da'wah that combines Islamic culture and Javanese culture, accommodating, moderate, between the Shari'a and the tarekat is the harmonization of Islam can be accepted in the multicultural society in Semarang and Java in the 19th century.
31
Castiblanco, Jenny Carolina, Ivan Fernando Mondragon, Catalina Alvarado-Rojas, and Julian D. Colorado. "Assist-As-Needed Exoskeleton for Hand Joint Rehabilitation Based on Muscle Effort Detection." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134372.
Full textAbstract:
Robotic-assisted systems have gained significant traction in post-stroke therapies to support rehabilitation, since these systems can provide high-intensity and high-frequency treatment while allowing accurate motion-control over the patient’s progress. In this paper, we tackle how to provide active support through a robotic-assisted exoskeleton by developing a novel closed-loop architecture that continually measures electromyographic signals (EMG), in order to adjust the assistance given by the exoskeleton. We used EMG signals acquired from four patients with post-stroke hand impairments for training machine learning models used to characterize muscle effort by classifying three muscular condition levels based on contraction strength, co-activation, and muscular activation measurements. The proposed closed-loop system takes into account the EMG muscle effort to modulate the exoskeleton velocity during the rehabilitation therapy. Experimental results indicate the maximum variation on velocity was 0.7 mm/s, while the proposed control system effectively modulated the movements of the exoskeleton based on the EMG readings, keeping a reference tracking error <5%.
32
Nell, Martin, Alexander Kubin, and Kay Hameyer. "Multi-Stage Optimization of Induction Machines Using Methods for Model and Parameter Selection." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175537.
Full textAbstract:
Optimization methods are increasingly used for the design process of electrical machines. The quality of the optimization result and the necessary simulation effort depend on the optimization methods, machine models and optimization parameters used. This paper presents a multi-stage optimization environment for the design optimization of induction machines. It uses the strategies of simulated annealing, evolution strategy and pattern search. Artificial neural networks are used to reduce the solution effort of the optimization. The selection of the electromagnetic machine model is made in each optimization stage using a methodical model selection approach. The selection of the optimization parameters is realized by a methodical parameter selection approach. The optimization environment is applied on the basis of an optimization for the design of an electric traction machine using the example of an induction machine and its suitability for the design of a machine is verified by a comparison with a reference machine.
33
Julio-Rodríguez, Jose del C., Alfredo Santana-Díaz., and Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza. "Individual Drive-Wheel Energy Management for Rear-Traction Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 4679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104679.
Full textAbstract:
In-wheel motor technology has reduced the number of components required in a vehicle’s power train system, but it has also led to several additional technological challenges. According to kinematic laws, during the turning maneuvers of a vehicle, the tires must turn at adequate rotational speeds to provide an instantaneous center of rotation. An Electronic Differential System (EDS) controlling these speeds is necessary to ensure speeds on the rear axle wheels, always guaranteeing a tractive effort to move the vehicle with the least possible energy. In this work, we present an EDS developed, implemented, and tested in a virtual environment using MATLAB™, with the proposed developments then implemented in a test car. Exhaustive experimental testing demonstrated that the proposed EDS design significantly improves the test vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics and energy consumption. This paper’s main contribution consists of designing an EDS for an in-wheel motor electric vehicle (IWMEV), with motors directly connected to the rear axle. The design demonstrated effective energy management, with savings of up to 21.4% over a vehicle without EDS, while at the same time improving longitudinal dynamic performance.
34
Citarella, Roberto G., M. Lepore, A. Apicella, and C. Calì. "DBEM Crack Growth Simulation for a Riveted Aeronautic Reinforcement under Non-linear Contact Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.593.
Full textAbstract:
A special specimen was created cutting a rectangular notched area from the surrounding of the upper left corner of a wide body aircraft door. Then a fatigue traction load was applied in order to induce an MSD crack initiation and propagation. An innovative DBEM (Dual Boundary Element Method) modelling approach was devised, capable of explicitly modelling the different test article layers with their rivet connections even in a 2d approach. The rivets that are close to the propagating crack are coupled with the corresponding holes by non linear contact conditions, and the accuracy improvements are assessed in comparison with a previous linear analysis, in which traction and displacements continuity conditions on the hole-rivet interface had been imposed. The importance of such influence on the simulation precision need to be assessed due to the strong impact that a non linear analysis produces on computational times. For such a complex problem (three different panels, made of different materials, each one with a variable thickness and connected by numerous rivets), experimental crack propagation data were available for the numerical-experimental comparison. With such non linear approach, a significant improvement on the growth rate correlation is obtained, that justify the increased computational effort.
35
Duarte Abreu, Maico Danúbio, Daiane Aparecida Krewer, Douglas Silva da Rosa, Fábio Brongar Milech, Antônio Lilles Tavares Machado, and Roberto Lilles Tavares Machado. "INFORMATIONAL PHASE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUIPMENT FOR ANALYSIS OF DIRECT SHEAR AND PRE-COMPACTION OF THE SOIL." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 28 (December 23, 2020): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.8896.
Full textAbstract:
Given the real need for advances in studies such as the relationship of soil-machine dynamics, it is clear that there are almost no innovative systems developed to attend this demand. The design of agricultural machinery and equipment can be facilitated by having information and mechanisms that allow the prediction of the mechanized-set behavior in real work situation, especially regarding the traction effort demanded by the tractor, due to the energy demand of the equipment that interact directly with the soil. Obtaining this information usually requires high-cost imported laboratory equipment. Thus, the objective of this work was to obtain the design specifications for the development of a direct shear and soil pre-compaction analysis equipment with low manufacturing cost. The Phases Methodology was used to obtain the necessary parameters, in the informational phase of the desirable aspects for each design requirement. Through a step-by-step analysis, it was possible to obtain customers’ needs, together with the establishment of the desired criteria, and the design requirements for the new product development was generated. The use of the Phases Model allowed the transformation of customers’ requirements into the design requirements, enabling hierarchization by degree of importance and thus enabling the execution of future steps.
36
Rahimi, Siti Khalidah, Erwan Sulaiman, and Nurul Ain Jafar. "Design and Improvement of 12S-14P Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Machine with Field Excitation Coil in Radial Direction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.285.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a new design modification of Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Machine (HEFSM) in which the initial Field Excitation Coil (FEC) in theta direction is replaced with FEC in radial direction. Obviously, the new design has advantages of preventing flux cancellation between FEC and armature coil windings. With similar design restrictions and specifications of existing electric motor used in traction drive applications, initial performances of the proposed HEFSM are evaluated based on 2D-FEA. Design modification by using deterministic optimization approach is conducted in effort to achieve the optimum performances. After several cycles of iteration, the improved HEFSM with FEC in radial direction has achieved torque and power of 304.8Nm and 130kW, respectively.
37
Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu, Nguyen Van Quyen, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nguyen Van Lien, and Vu Hoang Phuong. "Speed profile optimization of an electrified train in Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line based on pontryagin's maximum principle." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp233-242.
Full textAbstract:
An urban railway is a complex technical system that consumes large amounts of energy, but this means of transportation still has been obtained more and more popularity in densely populated cities because of its features of high-capacity transportation capability, high speed, security, punctuality, lower emission, reduction of traffic congestion. The improved energy consumption and environment are two of the main objectives for future transportation. Electrified trains can meet these objectives by the recuperation and reuse of regenerative braking energy and by the energy - efficient operation. Two methods are to enhance energy efficiency: one is to improve technology (e.g., using energy storage system, reversible or active substations to recuperate regenerative braking energy, replacing traction electric motors by energy-efficient traction system as permanent magnet electrical motors; train's mass reduction by lightweight material mass...); the other is to improve operational procedures (e.g. energy efficient driving including: eco-driving; speed profile optimization; Driving Advice System (DAS); Automatic Train Operation (ATO); traffic management optimization...). Among a lot of above solutions for saving energy, which one is suitable for current conditions of metro lines in Vietnam. The paper proposes the optimization method based on Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP) to find the optimal speed profile for electrified train of Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line, Vietnam in an effort to minimize the train operation energy consumption.
38
McIntyre, K. "C-68 Expanding Pediatric Performance Validity Tests." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2019): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.230.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective Effort testing with children has started to gain traction in the literature. The following case presents data from several number recall tasks similar to the Wechsler Digit Span and may expand the opportunities for embedded performance validity tests (PVTs). Method For the purpose of psychoeducational testing, a comprehensive battery of standardized neuropsychological tests was administered, including visual and auditory attention, language, visual-motor and fine motor skills, visual and auditory processing, executive functioning, and academics. Results The child showed impaired performance on Number Recall from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition (KABC-II) and Memory for Digits on the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, 2nd Edition (CTOPP-2) that met the Weschler Digit Span cutoff indicative of poor effort. Evidence of Ganser symptoms (e.g., nearly correct or approximate answers) was present on math calculation performance on the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement, 4th Edition (WJTA-IV). Further, apparently deliberate markings of “X” solely on his incorrect responses on a dichotomous (yes/no) reading task also suggested deliberate feigning of low reading skills. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of effort testing in children, especially as poor effort was not apparent to the examiner, nor did there appear to be any obvious gain. Comparing data on tasks similar to already established PVTs may help expand opportunities to test effort systematically and frequently throughout a neuropsychological evaluation, and has implications for other professionals (e.g., School Psychologists, Speech Language Pathologists, etc.) who evaluate children.
39
Schifeling, Todd, and Andrew J. Hoffman. "Bill McKibben’s Influence on U.S. Climate Change Discourse: Shifting Field-Level Debates Through Radical Flank Effects." Organization & Environment 32, no. 3 (2017): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026617744278.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the influence of radical flank actors in shifting field-level debates by increasing the legitimacy of preexisting but peripheral issues. Using network text analysis, we apply this conceptual model to the climate change debate in the United States and the efforts of Bill McKibben and 350.org to pressure major universities to “divest” their fossil fuel assets. What we find is that, as these new actors and issue entered the debate, liberal policy ideas (such as a carbon tax), which had previously been marginalized in the U.S. debate, gained increased attention and legitimacy while the divestment effort itself gained limited traction. This result expands theory on indirect pathways to institutional change through a discursive radical flank mechanism, and suggests that the actual influence of Bill McKibben on the U.S. climate debate goes beyond the precise number of schools that divest to include a shift in the social and political discourse.
40
O’Day, M. P., and W. A. Curtin. "A Superposition Framework for Discrete Dislocation Plasticity." Journal of Applied Mechanics 71, no. 6 (2004): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1794167.
Full textAbstract:
A superposition technique is introduced that allows for the application of discrete dislocation (DD) plasticity to a wide range of thermomechanical problems with reduced computational effort. Problems involving regions of differing elastic and/or plastic behavior are solved by superposing the solutions to i) DD models only for those regions of the structure where dislocation phenomena are permitted subject to either zero traction or displacement at every point on the boundary and ii) an elastic (EL) (or elastic/cohesive-zone) model of the entire structure subject to all desired loading and boundary conditions. The DD subproblem is solved with standard DD machinery for an elastically homogeneous material. The EL subproblem requires only a standard elastic or elastic/cohesive-zone finite element (FE) calculation. The subproblems are coupled: the negative of the tractions developed at the boundaries of the DD subproblem are applied as body forces in the EL subproblem, while the stress field of the EL subproblem contributes a driving force to the dislocations in the DD subproblem structure. This decomposition and the generic boundary conditions of the DD subproblem permit the DD machinery to be easily applied as a “black-box” constitutive material description in an otherwise elastic FE formulation and to be used in a broader scope of applications due to the overall enhanced computational efficiency. The method is validated against prior results for crack growth along a plastic/rigid bimaterial interface. Preliminary results for crack growth along a metal/ceramic bimaterial interface are presented.
41
Doroshenko, Ya V., K. A. Poliarush, and V. B. Zapukhliak. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE DYNAMICS OF TRENCHLESS RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES WITH"T-type TRACTION PISTON" TECHNOLOGY." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 1(70) (March 29, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-1(70)-25-32.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the technology of the trenchless reconstruction of distribution pipelines using the "T-type Traction Piston" technology. The essence of this technology is drawing a new polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel one using a piston. The piston moves under the pressure of air supplied into behind-the-piston space by the compressor. The annular space in the boring (operating) trench is sealed with a sealing system.
 The authors have designed and constructed the experimental stand to determine the resistance forces which act on the movable system during the reconstruction of the distribution pipelines using the “T-type Traction Piston” technology. Its schematic diagram is presented. Using experimental methods the authors have determined the effort which is required to draw one linear metre of a polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel pipeline, the friction force of the piston cups on the walls of the worn steel pipeline and the friction force of the polyethylene pipe in the cups of the sealing system. The authors have ascertained the sum of experimentally determined resistance forces which act on a movable system while drawing a new polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel one by the piston.
 The authors have designed and constructed the experimental installation (unit) to study the dynamics of drawing a new polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel one by a piston.
 The experimental studies have been carried out for various tilts of a worn steel pipeline as to the horizon, various air rates, various external diameters of polyethylene pipes.
 The authors have experimentally determined the regularities of the air pressure change at the pipeline startover time during the movement of the piston inside a steel pipe and while drawing the polyethylene pipe within the worn steel one by a piston. The dependence of the drawing velocity on the air-flow rate and on the length of the drawn section has been studied.
 The experimental tests have proved that "T-type Traction Piston" technology can be used for the reconstruction of the distribution pipelines.
42
Hsu, Elisabeth. "Durkheim's Effervescence and Its Maussian Afterlife in Medical Anthropology." Durkheimian Studies 23, no. 1 (2017): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ds.2017.230106.
Full textAbstract:
What, if not Durkheim’s ‘collective representations’ acquired during exalted states of effervescence, gives rise to society, culture and science? Marcel Mauss provides another answer by pointing to the different rhythms of social relationships and the human effort to synchronise them. The seasonal cycle of the Eskimo [Inuit], Mauss argues, is in accord with their game; hence people disperse in summer to pursue economic activities in small bands, while they congregate in dense house-complexes in winter and engage in ritual. It would appear that Mauss draws heavily on Boas’s contrast between the Kwakiutl winter celebrations and their ‘uninitiated’ livelihood in summer. These insights have traction for medical anthropologists who are interested in finding an anthropological explanation for the efficaciousness of ‘traditional’ medicines or ‘indigenous’ healing techniques.
43
Dolenc, A. "The Injection Equipment of Future High-Speed DI Diesel Engines with Respect to Power and Pollution Requirements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 204, no. 1 (1990): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_132_02.
Full textAbstract:
The development of high specific output DI diesel engines started at the low-speed end some 50 years ago primarily for marine and traction applications. Movement towards the high-speed end has been slow but steady with the majority of truck engines being very conservatively rated (Fig. 4). There has been recent major effort on the automotive car and light commercial vehicle diesel application leading to lightweight DI diesel engines with an engine speed of 4000–5000 r/min and a rated power of 50 kW/litre displacement. These are expected to be on the market in a short period of time. The key point of this development has been the injection equipment including combustion control. In this area the use of modulated injection has the possibility of solving power and pollution requirements.
44
Ridzuan, Md M., A. Alias, and Nik N. I. Rumzi. "Mathematical Model of Eco-Driving for Energy Optimization for Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.114.
Full textAbstract:
This is a preliminary research in energy optimization system (ENOS) for Electric Vehicle (EV) whereby eco-driving is one of the solutions. Eco-driving initiative is not only benefit to the environment by optimizing the energy consumption but also enhancing the propulsion performance of Electric Vehicle. The efforts to reduce energy consumption could be achieved directly by studying contributing factors from the propulsion characteristic and the behavior of the vehicle dynamics (longitudinal vehicle dynamics in particular). We derived a single expression to describe energy consumption which could be programmed as the eco-driving algorithm. The expression is started by developing sets of equation of motions of longitudinal vehicle dynamics and relates them with the propulsion behavior that includes the counter-force by the traction torque and battery management system for Electric Vehicle. This mathematical model is established to analyze the energy consumption which shows the parameters that are important in the strategy to acquire the optimal performance and efficiency. This whole effort is part of the strategy to develop algorithm for eco-driving program.
45
Mowla, Saleh, and Sucheta V. Kolekar. "Development and Integration of E-learning Services Using REST APIs." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 04 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i04.11687.
Full textAbstract:
E-Learning systems have gained a lot of traction amongst students and academicians due to their flexible nature in terms of location independence, time, effort, cost and other resources. The rapidly changing nature of the education domain makes the design, development, testing, and maintenance of E-Learning systems complex and expensive. In order to adapt to the changing policies of educational institutes as well as improve the performance of students, the paper presents a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach to minimize the cost and time associated with the development of E-Learning systems. The paper illustrates the development of independent E-Learning web services and how they can be combined to implement the required policies of respective education institutes. The paper also presents a sample policy implemented using developed web services to achieve the required objectives.
46
Seto, Katherine, Grantly R. Galland, Alice McDonald, et al. "Resource allocation in transboundary tuna fisheries: A global analysis." Ambio 50, no. 1 (2020): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01371-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractResource allocation is a fundamental and challenging component of common pool resource governance, particularly transboundary fisheries. We highlight the growing importance of allocation in fisheries governance, comparing approaches of the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs). We find all tRFMOs except one have defined resources for allocation and outlined principles to guide allocation based on equity, citizenship, and legitimacy. However, all fall short of applying these principles in assigning fish resources. Most tRFMOs rely on historical catch or effort, while equity principles rarely determine dedicated rights. Further, the current system of annual negotiations reduces certainty, trust, and transparency, counteracting many benefits asserted by rights-based management proponents. We suggest one means of gaining traction may be to shift conversations from allocative rights toward weighting of principles already identified by most tRFMOs. Incorporating principles into resource allocation remains a major opportunity, with important implications for current and future access to fish.
47
Bouradi, Sarah, Karim Negadi, Rabah Araria, and Fabrizio Marignetti. "Z-Source Inverter for Energy Management and Vector Control for Electric Vehicle Based PMSM." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (2020): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530614.
Full textAbstract:
Electric vehicles have gained considerable attention recently due to the ever increasing demand for a viable alternative to the current fossil fuel-dependent modes of transportation. These automobiles are reliant on power electronics to generate the energy required for the motor. Traditional converters, namely the V-source (VS) and C-source (CS), are vulnerable to EMI noise, their main circuits cannot be interchangeable and they are either a boost or a buck converter. Therefore, their output voltage is strictly higher or lower than the input voltage. In an effort to negate these drawbacks, new inverters such as the Z-source were conceptualized. This work aims to study the applicability of the Z-source in the traction chain of an electric vehicle in order to feed a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The latter is controlled with field oriented vector control reinforced with a backstepping technique in an attempt to ensure tracking ability and robustness. Energy management is also supported in this article in an effort to optimize the performance of the electric vehicle under different operating conditions. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed system in enhancing the energy management of the vehicle, in addition to its simplicity which can facilitate an eventual implementation using a DSP or a Dspace platform.
48
Scourfield, Peter. "Implementing Co-Production in Adult Social Care: An Example of Meta-Governance Failure?" Social Policy and Society 14, no. 4 (2014): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000438.
Full textAbstract:
The idea of ‘co-production’ has been promoted by both New Labour and Coalition governments as a means to help ‘transform’ adult social care. With its emphasis on active citizenship, community support networks, voluntary effort and power sharing, the idea might have been expected to have been received more enthusiastically by those expected to put it into practice and benefit from it. However, unlike other ‘big ideas’ intended to ‘transform’ adult social care, such as ‘personal budgets’, co-production has gained comparatively little traction with either local authorities or service users. Despite the publication of much promotional literature in recent years, co-production has not yet become a significant part of either official or lay discourse on adult social care. It is concluded that apart from definitional problems and conceptual ambiguity, the inability of successive governments to effectively deploy common techniques of meta-governance might also be contributory factors to its sluggish take up.
49
Jenco, Leigh K. "“Rule by Man” and “Rule by Law” in Early Republican China: Contributions to a Theoretical Debate." Journal of Asian Studies 69, no. 1 (2010): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911809991562.
Full textAbstract:
“Rule by man” and “rule by law” are frequently invoked categories in Chinese political discourse past and present, but their theoretical scope and possible interpretation remain highly controversial. Seeking to gain analytical traction on these categories, the author revisits an early Republican debate over whether virtuous men or well-designed institutions were more essential to securing political stability and social transformation in the aftermath of China's 1911 Republican Revolution. Focusing on the work of Liang Qichao, Zhang Shizhao, and their interlocutors, the author shows how “man” and “law” not only play roles in legitimizing one or another form of rule, but also help formulate questions about the interaction between individual effort and institutional influence. Viewed from this theoretical rather than historical angle, the debates become important not only for understanding wider issues in early Republican political discourse, but also for critically interrogating their contemporary variants from Chinese—rather than Western liberal-democratic—perspectives.
50
Solomin, Vladimir A., Andrei V. Solomin, Victor V. Koledov, and Nadezda A. Trubitsina. "Multifunctional linear induction motor with longitudinal-transverce magnetic flux for magnetic-levitational transport." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (2018): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201842167-179.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Traction linear induction motors (LIM) at the current stage of human society development are the most promising for high-speed magnetic-levitation transport (MLT) and are already used in a number of commercial projects. Linear induction motors can be executed with longitudinal, transverse and longitudinal-transverse magnetic flux and have a large number of design options.
 Aim: In addition to traction efforts, LIM develops the forces of magnetic-levitation and lateral stabilization (self-stabilization). The efforts of magnetic-levitation of linear induction motors with longitudinal and transverse magnetic flux are very significant in the zone of large slides (at low speeds) and decrease with increasing speed of the magnetic-levitation transport. To a lesser extent, the decrease in slip (at high speeds) affects the magnetic-levitation forces developed by a number of design variants of linear induction motors with a longitudinal-transverse magnetic flux, in which magnetic fields traveling in a transverse direction towards each other are additionally used. This is explained by the fact that at high and low velocities MLT, the LIM slip will be equal to unity relatively oppositely running in the transverse direction of the magnetic fields and the magnetic suspension forces will be maximum.
 Materials and Methods: Running towards each other in the transverse direction of the MLT movement, magnetic fields cross the electrically conductive secondary element (playing the role of the track structure of the high-speed transport system) and induce electromotive forces in it, under the influence of which currents will flow.
 Results: As a result, cross counter-directional mechanical forces are created which, in the symmetrical arrangement of the MLT crew relative to the track structure, are mutually balanced and do not have any effect on the motion of the magnetic-levitation transport. At lateral (transverse) displacement of the high-speed transport on the magnetic suspension relative to the track structure, the equilibrium of the transverse mechanical forces is disrupted and, under the effect of the effort difference, the MLT crew will be automatically returned to the original symmetrical position.
 Conclusion: The distribution of magnetomotive forces (MMF) of a linear induction motor with a longitudinal-transverse magnetic flux, whose magnetic system is formed by the combination of longitudinally and transverse laminated cores, on the teeth of which the coils of a concentrated three-phase winding are located, is considered. The relations are represented in the form of a double Fourier series for calculating the resultant MMF value in the air gap of a linear induction motor with a longitudinal-transverse magnetic flux.