Academic literature on the topic 'Forage-based diet'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Forage-based diet.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Forage-based diet"
1
Chishti, Ghazanfar A., Pedro H. V. Carvalho, Ana Carolina Pinto, Flavia A. S. Silva, and Tara L. Felix. "Efficacy of sheep as a digestibility model for cattle when fed concentrate-based or forage-based diets." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 4 (June 13, 2019): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz092.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe objectives were to determine the efficacy of sheep as a digestibility model for cattle feeding two diets, forage or concentrate based, under current genetics. Twelve Suffolk wethers were blocked into two periods with six wethers in each period. Within each period, wethers were fed a forage-based diet (n = 3) or a concentrate-based diet (n = 3). Six angus steers were also fed a forage-based diet (n = 3) or a concentrate-based diets (n = 3) in switchback design with two periods. All animals were adapted to diets for a minimum of 3 wk, then feed intake, refusals, and feces were collected. Feed and fecal dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and starch were analyzed. Refusals were analyzed for DM. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS with diet and species as fixed and period as a random effect. Dry matter intake as percentage of body weight for each animal within each period was used as a covariable. There was an interaction (P < 0.01) between species and diet for DM and OM digestibility. When fed the concentrate-based diet, DM and OM digestibility were similar between wethers and steers (P > 0.18); however, when fed the forage-based diet, DM and OM digestibility was less (P < 0.01) for wethers than steers. Like DM and OM, an interaction (P < 0.05) between species and diet was present for starch digestibility. When fed the forage-based diet, starch digestibility did not differ (P = 0.66) between wethers and steers; however, when fed concentrate-based diet, wethers had a greater starch digestibility (P < 0.05) than steers. There was no interaction (P > 0.45) between species and diet for NDF and ADF digestibility. Regardless of the diet fed, NDF and ADF digestibilities were greater (P < 0.05) in steers than wethers. Present day sheep were not a good model for cattle when fed forage-based diets, but sheep were an acceptable model for cattle when fed concentrate-based diets.
2
Whittet, Kimberly M., Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson, and Terry J. Klopfenstein. "Factors affecting urinary creatinine in heifers and cows1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A series of total urine collections were conducted to evaluate the effects of age, diet, gestation, and body condition score (BCS) on urinary creatinine (UC) and purine derivative (PD) excretion in heifers and cows. For each collection, urine was collected over a 5-d period and composited by animal within day. Daily samples were analyzed for UC and PD concentration and averaged over the 5-d period. All animals were fed in individual stanchions at 2.0% of body weight (BW). To evaluate the relationship between age and UC excretion, 21 animals ranging from 5 to 80 months of age were fed a forage-based diet supplemented with dried distillers grains (DDG). Creatinine excretion (mg/kg BW) was not correlated with age (P = 0.37). To determine if diet alters UC, 11 heifers were sampled for two urine collection periods. In period 1, heifers were fed a forage-based diet supplemented with DDG. In period 2, heifers were fed a finishing diet (90% concentrate, 10% forage). Creatinine excretion (mg/kg BW) and PD:creatinine (PD:C) was greater (P = 0.01) for heifers when fed the forage-based diet than when fed the concentrate-based diet. Eleven cows fed a forage-based diet supplemented with DDG were sampled to determine the effect of gestation on urinary metabolites. Gestation did not affect UC (P = 0.42) or PD:C (P = 0.30). To evaluate the relationship between 12th rib fat thickness and metabolite excretion, 40 heifers were fed a common finishing diet. There was no relationship between UC (mg/kg BW; P = 0.28) or PD:UC (P = 0.47) and 12th rib fat thickness. To evaluate the relationship between BCS and UC, 11 cows were fed a forage diet supplemented with DDG. There was no relationship between BCS and UC (mg/kg BW; P = 0.99) or PD:C (P = 0.84). To evaluate daily and diurnal variation in UC, nine heifers were fed a forage diet supplemented with DDG. Seven of the heifers were fed a finishing diet (90% concentrate, 10% forage) in a second period. Urine was collected every 2 h from 0600 to 1800 hours. When expressed as mg/kg BW, UC excretion was not different across animals fed the forage-based (P = 0.40) or concentrate-based diet (P = 0.18). Stepwise regression indicated that at least 3 d of collection were required to estimate UC. Time within day and day within period effects were observed (P < 0.01) for UC from 2-h interval samples. The UC varies with type of diet and diurnal variation is present. Variation among animals is relatively small.
3
Fernandes, Karlette A., Chris W. Rogers, Erica K. Gee, Sandra Kittelmann, Charlotte F. Bolwell, Emma N. Bermingham, Patrick J. Biggs, and David G. Thomas. "Resilience of Faecal Microbiota in Stabled Thoroughbred Horses Following Abrupt Dietary Transition between Freshly Cut Pasture and Three Forage-Based Diets." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092611.
Full textAbstract:
The management of competition horses in New Zealand often involves rotations of short periods of stall confinement and concentrate feeding, with periods of time at pasture. Under these systems, horses may undergo abrupt dietary changes, with the incorporation of grains or concentrate feeds to the diet to meet performance needs, or sudden changes in the type of forage fed in response to a lack of fresh or conserved forage. Abrupt changes in dietary management are a risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, potentially due to the negative effects observed on the population of GI microbiota. In the present study, the faecal microbiota of horses was investigated to determine how quickly the bacterial communities; (1) responded to dietary change, and (2) stabilised following abrupt dietary transition. Six Thoroughbred mares were stabled for six weeks, consuming freshly cut pasture (weeks 1, 3 and 5), before being abruptly transitioned to conserved forage-based diets, both offered ad libitum. Intestinal markers were administered to measure digesta transit time immediately before each diet change. The conserved forage-based diets were fed according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design (weeks 2, 4 and 6), and comprised a chopped ensiled forage fed exclusively (Diet FE) or with whole oats (Diet FE + O), and perennial ryegrass hay fed with whole oats (Diet H + O). Faecal samples were collected at regular intervals from each horse following the diet changes. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate the faecal microbiota. There were significant differences in alpha diversity across diets (p < 0.001), and a significant effect of diet on the beta diversity (ANOSIM, p = 0.001), with clustering of samples observed by diet group. There were differences in the bacterial phyla across diets (p < 0.003), with the highest relative abundances observed for Firmicutes (62–64%) in the two diets containing chopped ensiled forage, Bacteroidetes (32–38%) in the pasture diets, and Spirochaetes (17%) in the diet containing hay. Major changes in relative abundances of faecal bacteria appeared to correspond with the cumulative percentage of intestinal markers retrieved in the faeces as the increasing amounts of digesta from each new diet transited the animals. A stable faecal microbiota profile was observed in the samples from 96 h after abrupt transition to the treatment diets containing ensiled chopped forage. The present study confirmed that the diversity and community structure of the faecal bacteria in horses is diet-specific and resilient following dietary transition and emphasised the need to have modern horse feeding management that reflects the ecological niche, particularly by incorporating large proportions of forage into equine diets.
4
Forte, Erin M., Mary Kimberly Mullenix, Jennifer J. Tucker, Joshua B. Elmore, and Werner G. Bergen. "Conserved forage-based systems for backgrounding weaned beef calves1." Translational Animal Science 2, no. 3 (May 26, 2018): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy063.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A 45-d backgrounding study was conducted to compare animal performance, forage nutritive value, digestion dynamics, and diet costs of conserved forage systems for weaned beef calves. One hundred and eight weaned Angus × Simmental beef calves (initial BW 279 ± 34 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three diets (n = 3 pens/treatment): 1) free-choice annual ryegrass (RB; cv. ‘Marshall’) baleage and 4 kg of a 50/50 mixture of pelleted soybean hulls and corn gluten feed, 2) free-choice Tifton 85 bermudagrass (BH) and 3 kg of a 50/50 mixture of pelleted soybean hulls and corn gluten feed, or 3) free-choice corn silage (CS; cv. Pioneer P1662YHR) and 2 kg of a 85% cracked corn and 15% cottonseed meal mixture. Diets were formulated to achieve a target gain of 0.9 kg/d based on the NRC (2000) requirement for a 270 kg growing calf. Animal performance (initial BW, final BW, and ADG) was measured on days 0 and 45 of the study. Forage nutritive value and an in vitro digestion trial were conducted to evaluate supplementation effects on forage diet digestion dynamics. Data were analyzed using PROC Mixed in SAS 9.4 as a completely randomized design. Pen was the experimental unit. Mean initial and final BW of the animals did not differ (P = 0.50 and P = 0.99, respectively) across treatments. Calf ADG for RB, BH, and CS diets were 0.61, 0.72, and 0.72 kg/d, respectively, and did not differ across treatments (P = 0.57). Based on these results, these forage options supported a similar level of gain when used for backgrounding beef calves. Forage in vitro DM digestibility differed 48 h after digestion, and BH + 50:50 had greater 48-h digestibility than when unsupplemented, which may be related to complementary forage-supplement interactions. In diets containing RB and CS, digestibility was greater with no supplementation at the 48-h time point. These data support the observation that supplementation type and level influence conserved forage diet digestibility compared with forage alone. The cost of feeding a baleage-based diet in this system was higher ($1.37/d) than CS or BH diets ($1.02 and $0.95/d, respectively). Results suggest that RB baleage-based diets may support a similar level of gain to BH or CS diets in growing beef calves, but supplement type, level, and ration costs should be evaluated when determining cost-effective backgrounding options in the Southeastern United States.
5
Klinger, S. A., H. C. Block, and J. J. McKinnon. "Nutrient digestibility, fecal output and eating behavior for different cattle background feeding strategies." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a06-070.
Full textAbstract:
To examine the effects of limit feeding a high grain barley-based diet to growing cattle on nutrient digestibility, fecal DM out put and eating behavior, sixteen crossbred steers (326 ± 42.1 kg) housed in individual indoor pens were fed one of two feeding regimes in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included a high-grain diet containing 1.94 Mcal NEm and 1.27 Mcal NEg kg-1 of DM and limit-fed to achieve similar NE intake to an ad libitum-fed high-forage diet containing 1.57 Mcal NEm and 0.97 Mcal NEg kg-1 DM. Chromic oxide was used to determine nutrient digestibility and fecal output. The limit-fed high-grain diet reduced (P < 0.05) fecal DM output (1.1 vs. 1.6 kg DM d-1) and improved (P < 0.05) apparent DM digestibility (82.8 vs. 79.4%) relative to the ad libitum-fed high-forage diet. Crude protein digestibility was similar (P > 0.05) across treatments; however, fiber digestibility was poorer (P < 0.05) for the limit-fed high-grain than the ad libitum-fed high-forage diet. The high-grain limit-fed cattle spent less (P < 0.05) time eating and ruminating than the ad libitum-fed high-forage cattle. These results indicate that limit feeding a high-grain barley-based diet to backgrounding cattle can improve feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility and reduce fecal DM output while targeting the same gain as an ad libitum-fed high forage backgrounding diet. Key words: Cattle, limit feeding, nutrient digestibility, fecal output
6
Okine, E. K., G. R. Khorasani, and J. J. Kennelly. "Effects of source of forage and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production response in late lactation cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-091.
Full textAbstract:
Four cannulated Holstein cows in late lactation were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to determine the effects of forage source with different NDF concentrations and level of concentrate on chewing activity and milk production. Diets were 65% first-cut alfalfa silage with 54% NDF and 35% concentrate, 50% alfalfa and 50% concentrate, 65% bromegrass silage with 65.5% NDF and 35% concentrate and 50% bromegrass silage and 50% concentrate. Diets were fed in 2 × 2 factorial design (silage sources, alfalfa vs. bromegrass and two levels of concentrate, 35 vs. 50%). Dry matter intake averaged 15.2 kg d−1 and was not affected by either forage source or level of concentrate. Intake of NDF was lower for the cows fed the alfalfa-based diet vs. bromegrass silage but the level of concentrate did not affect NDF intake. Time spent eating was not affected by either forage source or concentrate level of the diet. Time spent eating and ruminating kg−1 NDF intake was higher for cows fed alfalfa-based diets than for cows fed the bromegrass-based diets. Total chews g−1 NDF intake tended (P = 0.06) to decrease when cows were fed bromegrass-based diets but eating and ruminating chews g−1 NDF intake were not affected by source of forage or level of concentrate in the diet. Diets with either alfalfa or bromegrass had no effect on daily yields of milk, FCM, fat, protein and lactose. Diets with 50% concentrate increased milk and FCM yields by 11 and 14%, respectively. Fat and lactose yields were also increased by 17 and 11% in cows fed diets with the higher concentrate level. Results suggest that chewing activities during eating and ruminating phases of the eating cycle adjusted for DMI may decrease with increased concentrate level and are not affected by source of forage in the diet. However, chewing activities adjusted for NDF intake are influenced by source of forage but not by level of concentrate in the diet. The results also suggest that yields of both milk and milk components in late lactation cows are influenced by level of concentrate in the diet, while only milk components are affected by source of forage. Key words: Dairy cattle, chewing activity, forage, milk production
7
Salgado Mejia, Fernando, Ricardo López Wilchis, Luis Manuel Guevara Chumacero, Pedro Luis Valverde Padilla, Pablo Corcuera Martínez del Rio, Sergio Leonardo Porto Ramírez, Ixchel Rojas Mertínez, and Gihovani Ademir Samano Barbosa. "Characterization of assemblages in neotropical cave dwelling bats based on their diet, wing morphology, and flight performance." Therya 12, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1075.
Full textAbstract:
Bats have a great variety of wing morphologies that determines the bat’s flight performance, and this in turn conditions the forage aerosphere and the food it can obtain. Several studies have shown differences in wing morphology, flight performance, and forage aerospheres among species from different trophic guilds. However, for species that share a guild this is not entirely clear. It is possible that these species have differences in their diet and show changes in wing morphology that modify their flight performance and forage areas. Determining this will allow a better understanding of spatial segregation among species that share a trophic guild. These studies allow the identification of species assemblages based on wing morphological differences and flight performance that would not be distinguished only by guild membership. Our goal was to define the species assemblages that make up a community of Neotropical cave dwelling bats based on their trophic guild, flight performance, and forage zone. A community of Neotropical cave dwelling bats from a cave in Veracruz, Mexico was analyzed. The diet of each species was determined by means of their stomach contents and bibliographic review. In addition, aspect ratio, wing loading and tip index were calculated. Based on the wing characteristics and diet, multivariate groupings and orders were performed, as well as to define the assemblages present. According to the wing characteristics and the dietary composition, four groups of species were found that represent four different flight characteristics in terms of agility and maneuverability. There was agreement between diet and wing characteristics, and the four trophic groups were identified through canonical correspondence analysis. Correlating wing morphology, diet and forage area allows us to adequately define the assemblages of a community of bats. Regarding the hypothesis, it was found that species that share a food guild show differences in the composition of their food and wing morphology, which generate differences in flight performance and forage areas. Four assemblages differing in forage aerospheres among three trophic guilds are described: understory and facultative artrhopodivorous, semi-clearing hematophages, and facultative nectarivores. Finally, spatial segregation between the species of the families Mormoopidae and Natalidae was recognized.
8
Dumbell, L. C., and A. Tackley. "Multiple forages as a behavioural enrichment for individually stabled horses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020780.
Full textAbstract:
Many domestic horses are kept in an environment very different from that of free-living horses, consuming a varied ad libitum forage based diet for up to 18 hours of the day (Harris, 1999). Cuddeford (1999) suggested that stabled horses may spend as little as 7 hours eating in a 24 hour period, with an increase in the time spent standing. Encouraging foraging behaviour, defined by Goodwin et al., (2002) to include sniffing, manipulating, biting, chewing or ingesting food, is thought to allow domesticated horses to spend more time eating, approaching the time spent on this activity in free-living horses. The diet of the free-living horse includes a selection of grasses and herbs (Putman et al., 1987) whereas most domestic horses are provided with a single forage diet (Goodwin et al., 2002). In a short term trial Goodwin et al., (2002) found that offering more than one source of forage to stabled horses resulted in them spending significantly more time foraging compared to a horse on a single forage diet. This effect was found to continue for longer periods by Thorne et al., (2005), however there appears to be no current literature on how many forages to feed within a multiple forage diet. The present study aimed to establish how many different forages to include in a multiple forage diet to maximise the time spent in foraging behaviour and minimise standing behaviour.
9
JONES, S. D. M. "CARCASS TISSUE YIELD AND DISTRIBUTION IN THREE BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF CATTLE FED GRAIN OR FORAGE-BASED DIETS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-042.
Full textAbstract:
One hundred and eighty-nine steers comprising 63 small (S) rotational crossbreds, 66 large (L) rotational crossbreeds and 60 Holsteins (H) were fed either a concentrate diet based on corn silage and high-moisture corn, or a forage diet based on a mixture of corn silage and alfalfa haylage. All steers were fed ad libitum and slaughtered to cover a range in external fatness (0–15 mm subcutaneous fat). Steers were removed from feed 36 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The left side of each carcass was separated into depot fat, lean and bone. At the same proportion of subcutaneous fat (63 g/kg carcass), S and L carcasses had greater proportions of carcass lean (P < 0.001), but less fat (P < 0.01) and bone (P < 0.001) than carcasses from H Steers. Small and large carcasses had greater muscle to bone ratios (P < 0.001) than carcasses from H steers. Diet had no effect on lean tissue proportions, but forage feeding increased carcass bone (P < 0.001) and decreased carcass fat (P < 0.01). Forage feeding also resulted in carcasses with lower muscle to bone ratios (P < 0.01) than carcasses produced from grain feeding. Holstein-carcasses had more carcass fat partitioned into the body cavity depot and less into the subcutaneous depot than S and L carcasses, but diet had no effect on fat partitioning. Biological type (S, L or H) and diet were found to have a minor effect on fat distribution. The results are discussed with reference to carcass evaluation of beef and dairy cattle fed diets based on forage or grain. Key words: Biological type, diet, carcass composition, carcass grading
10
Kaur, R., S. C. Garcia, W. J. Fulkerson, and I. Barchia. "Utilisation of forage rape (Brassica napus) and Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) diets by sheep: effects on whole tract digestibility and rumen parameters." Animal Production Science 50, no. 1 (2010): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08309.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the effect of increasing the proportion of forage rape or Persian clover in the diet on dry matter intake (DMI), whole tract digestibility and rumen function. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously; each in a 3 by 3 Latin square design with rumen-fistulated sheep fed either increasing amounts (10, 25 or 40% DM of the diet) of forage rape (experiment 1) or Persian clover (experiment 2). The remaining diet comprised short-rotation ryegrass, cereal-based pellets and maize silage, formulated to give similar metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM), neutral detergent fibre and protein values between treatments. Purine derivatives excreted in the urine were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis. The study found similar DMI within forage rape and Persian clover treatments, although total DMI was 16% higher for the latter (29 v. 25 g/kg liveweight.day, respectively). The in vivo DM (mean = 0.75) and neutral detergent fibre (mean = 0.65) digestibility coefficients were similar (P > 0.05) within and between experiments. The mean (±s.e.) rumen pH in sheep fed forage rape-based diets (6.17 ± 0.10) was higher than for Persian clover-based diets (5.70 ± 0.09). The efficiency of microbial N supply expressed as microbial N (g/day) per kg of digestible organic matter fermented in the rumen was also similar (P > 0.05) within and between forage rape and Persian clover treatments (mean = 23.4 g microbial N/kg digestible organic matter fermented). The results indicate that increasing the proportion of high nutritive value forage rape or Persian clover within the diet of sheep did not affect the efficiency of feed utilisation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forage-based diet"
1
Wingard, Sheryl. "EFFECT OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS AND MONENSIN ON IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/42.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of supplying a mixed culture of lactate producing bacteria on in-vitro rumen fermentation of forage- (Experiment 1) and concentrate- (Experiment 2) based diets in the presence and absence of monensin was explored. In experiment 1, interactions between DFM and MON were absent (P>0.10) for gas production and fermentative end products. Gas production and fermentative end products were unaffected by DFM alone (P>0.10). Monensin decreased (P<0.001) CH4 and NH3 production, rate and total gas production, as well as total VFA concentration and molar proportions of acetate and butyrate. However, MON increased (P<0.001) proportions of propionate, valerate, isobutyrate and isovalerate. Independently, DFM and MON increased (P<0.001) end point pH. In experiment 2, DFM x MON interactions or tendencies (P=0.07, P<0.01, P<0.01) were present, DFM effects were abated by MON, for rate, total gas production and total VFA concentrations. Acetate:propionate ratio was decreased (P<0.01) with MON and was unaffected by DFM. Ammonia-N concentration was increased (P<0.01) by DFM and unaffected (P=0.75) by MON. Both DFM and MON treatment increased (P<0.01) ruminal pH levels. These studies suggest the effects of DFM and MON of in-vitro fermentation are dependent on the substrate being fermented and the observed interactions provide means for further research.
2
Khan, Mohammad Ghelich. "Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed an Alfalfa Hay- or Birdsfoot Trefoil Hay-Based High-Forage Diet." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5809.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive research has been conducted to decrease the environmental impacts of dairy farming by using forages containing condensed tannins (CT). In this study, it was hypothesized that feeding CT-containing birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus, BFT) to lactating dairy cows would result in a decrease in N degradation in the rumen, causing a shift in N partitioning into milk and manure outputs, compared with alfalfa hay. Urine N is more volatile and harmful to the environment compared with fecal N. By reducing urine N, overall N utilization efficiency can improve. It was our goal to verify how the changes in N partitioning would affect the overall N utilization efficiency by dairy cows fed BFT hay-based high-forage diet. The results in this report showed that feeding BFT-hay diet reduced protein degradation in the rumen, decreased N excreted to milk and urine, and increased N excretion into feces, resulting in decreased urinary-N:fecal-N ratio due to feeding BFT-hay diet. However, the change in the N excretion routes was not associated with N utilization efficiency, which may have resulted from poor nutritive quality of BFT hay. Although the BFT hay fed in the current study was in a very mature condition and was of poor quality, DM intake and milk yield were similar in both treatments. Therefore, it is implied that BFT hay can replace alfalfa hay in dairy rations, because even poor quality BFT hay compared with alfalfa hay led to similar lactational performance and a beneficial shift in N excretion into environment.
3
Machado, Marcelo Grossi. "Impacts of diet inversion on voluntary intake, digesta and fecal composition, and bacterial community composition in rumen of cattle fed tropical forage-based diets." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7310.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-03-08T16:38:41Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
texto completo.pdf: 3677609 bytes, checksum: e7c9194fab20acbd87eb546cca7f07e6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T16:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3677609 bytes, checksum: e7c9194fab20acbd87eb546cca7f07e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da inversão de dietas sobre o consumo voluntário, composição das fezes e digesta ruminal, fermentação ruminal e estrutura da microbiota ruminal de bovinos alimentados com dietas baseadas em forragens tropicais e estabelecer a duração mínima do período de adaptação que poderia ser aplicado em protocolos de experimentos conduzidos em delineamentos em crossover e changeover. Doze bovinos mestiços Europeu × Zebu fistulados no rúmen foram utilizados no experimento (quatro animais jovens não-castrados, quatro animais castrados e quatro novilhas). O experimento teve a duração total de 60 dias e duas inversões de dietas foram realizadas no 21o e 41o dias. Quatro sequências de dietas foram avaliadas: cana-se-açúcar-silagem de milho-cana-de- açúcar, silagem de milho-cana-de-açúcar-silagem de milho, baixo concentrado-alto concentrado-baixo concentrado e alto concentrado-baixo concentrado-alto concentrado. Todas as dietas foram ajustadas com ureia para apresentarem 110 g de proteína bruta por kg de matéria seca. Quatro grupos de variáveis foram avaliados ao longo do experimento: características do consumo voluntário, excreção e composição fecal, composição da digesta ruminal e perfil de fermentação ruminal. O comportamento dos grupos ao longo do tempo foi interpretado por um procedimento de agrupamento não-hierárquico. A diversidade das populações bacterianas da fase líquida da digesta ruminal foram avaliadas por PCR-DGGE somente nos animais jovens não castrados entre 6 dias antes e 20 dias após a segunda inversão de dietas. Variações na estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foram avaliadas por intermédio de procedimento de agrupamento utilizando-se o método de pares de grupos não-ponderados com média aritmética. A estabilização do consumo voluntário, digesta ruminal, excreção e composição fecal e fermentação ruminal ocorreu entre 9 e 13, 9 e 14, 6 e 13, e 4 e 11 dias após a inversão de dietas, respectivamente. A comunidade bacteriana na fase líquida estabilizou entre 3 e 9 dias após a inversão das dietas. O tempo máximo requerido para adaptação entre todas as características deve ser escolhido para assegurar-se a utilização de protocolo experimental robusto. Assim, a partir dos resultados do presente trabalho, entre todos os tempos necessários para a adaptação do consumo, excreção fecal, composição e perfil de fermentação ruminal e microbiota ruminal, períodos de adaptação de 14 dias são recomendados para experimentos em changeover e crossover com bovinos alimentados com dietas baseadas em forragens tropicais.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the diet inversion on voluntary intake, ruminal digesta and feces composition, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial community composition in cattle fed tropical forage-based diest and to establish the minimal length of the adaptation period that could be applied to changeover or crossover design protocols. Twelve rumen-cannulated crossbreed (B. taurus × B. indicus) bovines were used in this experiment (four young bulls, four steers, and four heifers). The experiment lasted 60 d and two diet inversions were done at d 21 and d 41. Four diet sequences were evaluated (one animal of each category per sequence): sugarcane-corn silage-sugarcane, corn silage-sugarcane-corn silage, high-low-high concentrate diets, and low-high-low concentrate diets. All diets were adjusted to 110 g crude protein per kg of dry matter by using urea. Four group of variables were evaluated along experimental days: voluntary intake characteristics, fecal excretion and composition, ruminal digesta compostion, and ruminal fermentation profile. The pattern of the groups along time was interpreted through a non-hierarchical clustering procedure. The diversity of the liquid-associated rumen bacterial community was evaluated by PCR-DGGE in the young bulls from 6 days before to 20 days after the second diet inversion. The pattern of microbial diversity was evaluated through a clustering procedure using the unweight pair group method with arithmetic mean. Stabilization of the voluntary intake, ruminal digesta, fecal excretion and composition, and rumen fermentation profile was achieved within 9-13, 9- 14, 6-13, and 4-11 days after diet inversion, respectively. The bacterial community in the liquid phase stabilized within 3-9 days after diet inversion. The maximum required adaptation period among all characteristics must be chosen to assure the utilization of a robust experimental protocol. From the results of this experiment, among all obtained times to adapt intake, fecal and digesta composition, and ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity, a 14- days adaptation period is recommended for changeover and crossover experiments with cattle fed tropical forage-based diets.
4
Coleman, Robert J. "Protein utilization of forage-based diets by horses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34749.pdf.
Full text
5
Khan, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan. "In vitro evaluation of spices as supplements for forage based ruminant diets." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627631.
Full textAbstract:
Spices can be used as novel supplements to enhance the utilization of low quality forages (LQF) and reduce nutrient wastage by the ruminant animals. However, it would be essential to characterize these spices alongside LQF and high quality forages (HQF) before testing their potential use as supplements in ruminant diets. Chemical analyses of five spices (Cinnamon, Clove, Coriander, Cumin and Turmeric), additionally with four LQF (rice straw, wheat straw, hay and sugarcane bagasse), three HQF (rye grass, silage and rape seed plant) and some traditional supplements such as legumes or their by-products (soybean meal and peas) were carried out to obtain comparable information on the nutrient contents of these feed ingredients. LQF were lower in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), soluble sugars, total phenolics, tannins and saponins and some important mineral contents (Ca, P, Mg, Co and Zn) but higher in fibre contents than HQF. Traditional supplements such as legumes or their by-products were low in total phenolics, tannins and saponins and high in CP contents that can cause a waste of valuable nitrogen (N) sources. For this purpose, spices being moderate to high nutrient containing materials, had potential as feed supplements. As these spices also contained low to high amounts of total phenolics, tannins and saponins and essential minerals, their use in ruminant diets may help modify rumen fermentation and so the utilization of LQF and HQF in ruminants.
6
Riaz, Muhammad Qaiser [Verfasser]. "Comparative intake and digestibility among ruminant species fed forage-based diets / Muhammad Qaiser Riaz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077269129/34.
Full text
7
Stratton, Sophie A. "WHOLE-BODY PROTEIN METABOLISM IN MATURE AND GROWING HORSES RECEIVING PREDOMINANTLY FORAGE DIETS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/95.
Full textAbstract:
There has been limited investigation as to whether a predominantly forage-based diet can provide adequate amounts of limiting amino acids (AA) to horses. The first objective was to determine if AA supplementation of AA believed to be limiting to protein synthesis in forage-based diets would affect measures of whole-body protein metabolism in sedentary mature horses. The effect of forage type (timothy or alfalfa) and AA supplementation (lysine, threonine or histidine) on plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and AA concentrations and measures of whole-body phenylalanine kinetics were evaluated. There was no effect of either forage type or AA supplement on rates of whole-body protein synthesis (P > 0.05). The second objective was to determine the effects of either timothy or alfalfa hay supplemented with either a high or low protein ration balancer on measures of whole-body protein metabolism in yearling horses. The effect of forage type and the ration balancer protein level on concentrations of PUN, plasma AA and measures of wholebody phenylalanine kinetics were evaluated. There was no effect of treatment on average daily gain (P = 0.18). When horses consumed the alfalfa-based diets, rates of phenylalanine flux, oxidation and use for protein synthesis were greater than when they consumed timothy-based diets (P < 0.05). Phenylalanine use for protein synthesis was not affected by the protein level of the ration balancer (P = 0.3). Yearling horses achieve greater rates of protein synthesis when fed alfalfa-based diets, compared to timothy-based diets, supplemented with a low protein ration balancer.
8
Roberts, Sean David Kerth Christopher R. "Forage quality, animal performance, and carcass traits of steers finished on winter annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture with varying levels of corn supplementation." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ROBERTS_SEAN_9.pdf.
Full text
9
Frick, Tyler James. "The Effects of Forage Level in Whole or Dry-Rolled Corn Based Diets on Carcass Characteristics, Meat Tenderness, and Meat Color." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28178.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to determine if increasing the forage level and feeding grain whole as opposed to dry-rolled is a feasible alternative to high energy rations with a similar age at time of slaughter. Steers were fed either twenty or forty percent forage, with whole or dry-rolled corn. There were no differences in fat thickness, longissimus area, KPH, marbling, USDA quality grade, Warner-Bratzler shear force, or cook loss. Cattle fed high forage and whole corn tended to have lower hot carcass weights. Additionally, the forty percent forage treatment tended to have lower USDA yield grades, and had darker colored steak. Also, steaks from the dry-rolled corn treatment had steaks that were redder, and more yellow. Results from this study suggest that increasing forage level, and corn processing might not result in significant differences in carcass characteristics or meat tenderness, but could negatively impact meat color.
10
Robson, Alice Evelyn. "The effects of protein supplementation and forage to concentrate ratio on the performance and carcass composition of beef heifers offered grass silage-based diets." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336121.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Forage-based diet"
1
Goachet, A. G., M. Varloud, and V. Julliand. "Repeatability and reproducibility of digestibility measurements in horses fed forage based diets." In Forages and grazing in horse nutrition, 97–100. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-755-4_8.
Full text
2
Merchen, Neal R., and Leslie D. Bourquin. "Processes of Digestion and Factors Influencing Digestion of Forage-Based Diets by Ruminants." In Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, 564–612. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality.c14.
Full text
3
Njarui, D. M. G., M. Gatheru, and S. R. Ghimire. "Brachiaria Grass for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Livestock Production in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 755–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_146.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBrachiaria grass is a “climate smart” forage that produces high amount of palatable and nutritious biomass for livestock and performs well in infertile soils, sequesters carbon in soil, and provides several environmental benefits. The objective of the study was to validate the productivity of Brachiaria grass and upscale the suitable cultivars for improved livestock feed resources in Kenya. We assume integrating Brachiaria grass into mixed crop-livestock system will enhance feed availability and livestock productivity, leading to increased food and nutrition security. Farmer participatory approach was adopted to evaluate and promote four Brachiaria grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cvs. Xaraes, Piata, and MG-4) in the Central Highland and Eastern Midland of Kenya. The extension/advisory approaches used to promote Brachiaria grass cultivars included field days, village knowledge centres, agricultural shows, posters, and linkages with other institutions through multi-actor platform established under the InnovAfrica project. Generally, Brachiaria grass cultivars were more productive than the control (Rhodes grass) in most harvests reaching peak of 5.1–7.7 t/ha in the fifth harvest. For Rhodes grass, DM was less than 4 t/ha in all harvest and died by sixth harvest. Similarly, based on farmers’ evaluation using phenotypic traits, the Brachiaria grass cultivars had higher score than Rhodes grass except cv. Piata. The mean score ranged from 2.75 to 3.19 for Brachiaria cultivars, while for Rhodes the mean score was 2.63. Within 2 years of intervention, over 4000 farmers in the 2 project sites and additional 1500 farmers from other parts of the country have planted the Brachiaria grass. The demand for Brachiaria grass seeds is increasing due to benefits gained, e.g., increased milk production from dairy cattle fed on the grass. Our study will quantify the associated benefits from cultivation of Brachiaria grass with respect to a set of ecological, food and nutrition security, and social-economic indicators.
Conference papers on the topic "Forage-based diet"
1
Kurrig, M., M. Kreuzer, B. Reidy, A. Scheurer, and K. Giller. "Replacing soybean meal by alternative protein sources in forage-based diets for growing bulls." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_25.
Full text