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Journal articles on the topic 'Forage harvester'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Harmon, Joshua D., Brian D. Luck, Kevin J. Shinners, Robert P. Anex, and Jessica L. Drewry. "Time-Motion Analysis of Forage Harvest: A Case Study." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12484.

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Abstract. Forage harvest is a time and energy intensive process requiring the coordination of multiple pieces of equipment. Detailed characterizations of the time spent in each work state for each piece of equipment would increase the understanding of process inefficiencies and aid in development of optimization tools. Geospatial and controller area network (CAN) machine data were recorded on forage harvesters and transport equipment, during two types of harvest operations, to quantify utilization of harvesters and transports as well as transport productivity. The data collection and processing method was successful in identifying work states for forage harvesters and transports. The results indicated that overall utilization of the harvester for harvesting was 61% and dependent on transport availability. The portion of total operational time spent in the idle work state (idle utilization) was 10% to 20% for transports and 18% to 23% for harvesters. A new metric for transport productivity was developed and found to be highly dependent on transport capacity ranging from 125 to 49 Mg km h-1 for semi-trucks and smaller transports, respectively. The proposed data collection methods and productivity metrics could be used to optimize the forage harvest process to reduce idle time and maintain crop quality. Keywords: Controller area network, Cycle analysis, Forage harvester, Global positioning system.

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2

Galimov, Rufan, Kirill Maksimovich, and Vitaliy Tikhonovskiy. "Evaluation of combines transport support effectiveness for harvesting silage crops in Western Siberia." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 05030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017505030.

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In this work we calculated the forage harvester required power to provide the smooth operation of transport which are responsible for the green mass transportation. Effectiveness assessment of the enterprise, harvesting forage crops through the positioning and monitoring of transport. Methods are proposed to optimize the harvesting process in order to reduce downtime of forage harvesters and increase economic efficiency.

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3

Pecenka, Ralf, Jadir Nogueira Silva, Detlef Ehlert, and Gerd Volkhard Scholz. "MECHANISED HARVEST OF ENERGY WOOD: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 24, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v24i1.638.

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Energy wood from fast growing trees, also called short rotation coppice (SRC) such as poplar, willow and eucalyptus, may provide a secure source of income for farmers, provided that production technologies, logistic chains and end user facilities are well designed in farmers’ regional structures. One of the key problems at present is the lack of inexpensive harvesting machinery. Analyzing the process chain of fast growing trees, chip lines seem to be most costefficient for harvest, and the modification of forage harvesters is a promising option. But the high machine weight of forage harvesters is a serious disadvantage for harvest in rain-laden or mountainous regions. Furthermore, for economic operation of these expensive harvest systems cultivation areas of more than 300 ha are required. Therefore, a simple and low weight tractor-mounted mower-chipper for medium sized standard tractors has been developed. The chipper is designed for flexible harvest of wood from fast growing trees (max. stem diameter 15 cm). The total weight of the harvester (tractor and chipper) is less than 50 % of the forage harvester combination resulting in much more flexible field operation and lower harvest costs. The machine has been successfully tested in the last three harvest seasons on an area of more than 110 ha. At harvest of 4 years old poplars (10 - 15 cm stem diameter) an average field performance of 0.5 ha h-1 has been realized. Due to the robust design and performance of the prototype the development of a reinforced model is considered at present. Such a new model could be designed for harvest of poplar or eucalyptus trees with stem diameters of more than 20 cm.

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4

H. Page Harrison. "Treatment of Forage with Sulphur Dioxide in a Forage Harvester." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 2 (1985): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32257.

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5

Steen, R. W. J. "The effect of field wilting and mechanical treatment on the feeding value of grass silage for beef cattle and on beef output per hectare." Animal Science 41, no. 3 (December 1985): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100036333.

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AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to compare three methods of harvesting grass silage for beef production. These involved (a) harvesting the grass directly with a flail forage harvester (b) pre-cutting the grass with a rotary mower and harvesting it with a precision-chop forage harvester without wilting and (c) pre-mowing and harvesting with a precision-chop forage harvester after field wilting for 36 to 80 h (experiment 1) or 20 to 24 h (experiment 2). Half of the grass harvested by each method received formic acid at a rate of 2·5 1/t while the other half received no additive. The silages were offered ad libitum and supplemented with 2·6 kg concentrates per head daily to 72 castrated male cattle in each experiment. The unwilted and wilted herbages had mean dry-matter concentrations of 163 and 273 g/kg at ensiling and all silages were well preserved. Harvesting silage with a precision-chop rather than a flail forage harvester produced only a small non-significant increase in intake (0·034) and performance (0·046) and did not affect carcass gain per ha. Field wilting for 36 to 80 h prior to ensiling (experiment 1) reduced animal performance by 0·08 and beef output per ha by 0·11. Wilting for 20 to 24 h in ideal weather (experiment 2) did not affect animal performance or beef output per ha compared with that produced by well-preserved, unwilted silage. There was no significant interaction between method of harvesting and additive treatment.

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6

Jackson, M. A., R. J. Readman, J. A. Huntington, and L. A. Sinclair. "The effects of processing at harvest and cutting height of urea-treated whole-crop wheat on performance and digestibility in dairy cows." Animal Science 78, no. 3 (June 2004): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058860.

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AbstractUrea-treated whole-crop wheat harvested at growth stage (GS) 87 that was either unprocessed (U) or processed (P) by the forage harvester, and cut at one of two heights to produce a long straw (L), or short straw (S) forage, was offered to 44 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows for 14 weeks according to a 2 ✕ 2 factorial design. Whole-crop wheat (WCW) was mixed 2: 1 on a dry-matter (DM) basis with grass silage and all animals received 8·5 kg/day of concentrate and 2 kg/day of rapeseed meal. Increasing the cutting height at harvest increased the starch content in the forage from an average of 356 to 419 g/kg DM and decreased neutral-detergent fibre levels from 422 to 337 g/kg DM. Forage intake (grass silage and WCW) was higher in cows given the unprocessed compared with the processed forages (13·7 v. 12·5 kg DM per day for treatments U v. P respectively; P < 0·05) and tended (P < 0·08) to be higher in cows given the long compared with the short straw forages. Neither processing, nor alteration of cutting height, had a significant effect on milk yield (kg/day). However, milk fat content decreased (P < 0·05) with increasing cutting height (41·9 v. 37·0 g/kg for the main effects of L v. S respectively) whilst body condition score was lower (P < 0·05) in cows given the long compared with the short straw forages (2·6 v. 2·8 respectively). Plasma glucose levels were higher (P < 0·05) in animals receiving the short compared with long straw forages (3·52 v. 3·34 mmol/l respectively) whereas β-hydroxybutyrate decreased (P < 0·01) with increased cutting height. The average digestibility of starch in the total ration was higher (P < 0·001) in cows given the processed compared with the unprocessed WCW (0·96 v. 0·88 respectively). Assuming a constant apparent digestibility of starch in the other food components resulted in a WCW starch apparent digestibility of 0·87, 0·97, 0·80 and 0·96 for forages LU, LP, SU and SP respectively (P < 0·001). The results indicate that processing at harvest significantly increased the digestibility of starch in WCW and that cows responded to this higher nutrient content by decreasing forage intake. Increasing the cutting height at harvest decreased milk fat content (g/kg) and yield (kg/day) and increased body condition score.

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7

Thompson, Serena, Jenny Koebernick, Russell C. Carrell, Madison Cole, and S. Leanne L. Dillard. "Evaluating Soybean Cultivars for Forage Yield and Nutritive Values." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.037.

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Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) are frequently utilized by equine producers in the Southeast. However, challenges related to their production have producers searching for alternative legume options. In 2019 and 2020, five soybean cultivars, “Tower of Leaves,” “Stonewall,” “Laredo,” “AG79X9,” and “AG64X8,” were evaluated for yield and nutritive value. Soybeans were grown at two row spacings (36 and 71 cm), two locations (Central and South Alabama), and harvested at three heights (10, 15, and 20 cm; HH). Forages were harvested using a plot harvester, dried at 55°C, and ground to 1 mm. Forage quality was determined using a NIRS, with verification by wet chemistry analyses. The study was a randomized, complete block design (n = 4) and statistical analysis was carried out using PROC Glimmix of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Inst., - Cary, NC). Forage yields were greatest in “Stonewall” and “Tower of Leaves,” and lowest in “Laredo” (2,074, 1,978, and 1,348 kg/ha, respectively). Across years, HH and forage cultivar had a significant effect on yield (P < 0.0001). As expected, yield increased as HH decreased (P < 0.0001). In 2019, crude protein (CP) was affected by HH (P < 0.0001), with 10 cm having lower CP than 15 and 20 cm (14 vs 16%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were affected (P < 0.01) by HH and variety. “Stonewall” had the lowest NDF (30.84%) and ADF (29.27%; P < 0.01). “Stonewall” and “AG79X9” had the greatest TDN (74 and 73%, respectively; P < 0.01). The cultivar “Stonewall” shows promise as a forage, with greater yields and moderate forage nutritive value compared with the other cultivars tested. Further research is needed to evaluate “Stonewall” in mixtures with other warm-season annual forages.

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8

D. Tremblay, P. Savoie, and Q. Le Phat. "Reducing Forage Harvester Peak Power with a Flywheel." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 7, no. 1 (1991): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26188.

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9

Weirich Neto, Pedro H., Paulo W. Garbuio, Nátali M. de Souza, Hevandro C. Delalibera, and Khetlen Leitão. "Fragment size of corn silage according to the dry matter and forage harvester adjustments." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 4 (August 2013): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000400016.

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In Brazil, the best results in milk production are found in the state of Paraná. Such results are reached through genetic selection of the animals and management of their diets, in which whole plant corn silage is widely used. Aiming the silage quality, it was evaluated the influence of dry matter content of the corn culture as forage and the harvester adjustments on the fragment size of whole plant corn silage. The fragment size of two corn hybrids silage (SPEED and 2B688) was evaluated using a 5x3 factorial, with 4 repetitions. The first factor was the harvest time of the plants (105, 108, 112, 118, and 123 days after sowing (DAS)), which determines the forage dry matter (DM) content. The second factor was the harvester adjustments (2, 6.5 and 11mm of theoretical fragment length (TFL)). The DM content did not affect the average fragment size of 2B688. For SPEED, however, the real fragment size decreased as the maturation of plants increased. The conclusion is that the DM content and harvester adjustments can affect the real fragment sizes, according to different plant genotypes. The alterations of the harvester adjustments resulted in different fragment sizes, however, it were different from those indicated by the manufacturer.

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10

Galimov, R. R., K. YU Maksimovich, V. V. Tikhonovskiy, and S. A. Voynash. "Evaluation of the efficiency of transport services for forage harvesters when harvesting maize for silage in Novosibirsk region." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 1 (2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-1-73-80.

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An assessment of the efficiency of the enterprise for harvesting corn for silage through position-ing and monitoring of vehicles was carried out. The calculation of the required power of the forage harvester for the smooth operation of service vehicles, that are responsible for the transportation of green mass, was done. An inconsistency was revealed between the departures of loaded vehicles and the arrivals of empty vehicles. The lack of positioning and monitoring tools negatively affects the productivity of the harvesting and transport process. As a result of the research, it was found that the actual performance of the forage harvester when harvesting maize for silage is significantly lower than the theoretical performance. Through experiments, the downtime of forage harvesters in the field due to improper organization of transport services was revealed. When analyzing the state of the park of forage harvesters and vehicles, the requirements of new approaches in solving transport problems were revealed. These contribute to a radical improvement of the transport process when harvesting silage crops. The obtained calculations and patterns of change in technical and technological parameters can be used for the design of new, special agricultural vehicles, as well as in the harvesting and transport process to determine the required number of transport units, when transporting chopped green mass. On the basis of experimental data the regularities of changes in the volume of the vehicle bed on the mass of the trailer and the dependence of the change in the volume of the vehicle bed on the mass of the trailer during transportation of green mass were ob-tained.

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11

E. Dulcet and M. Woropay. "ANALYSIS OF LIQUID ADDITIVE LOSS WHEN APPLIED TO GREEN FORAGE IN A FORAGE HARVESTER." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 16, no. 6 (2000): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.5365.

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12

Tian, Fuyang, Kelai Xia, Jin Wang, Zhanhua Song, Yinfa Yan, Fade Li, and Fengde Wang. "Design and experiment of self-propelled straw forage crop harvester." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 7 (July 2021): 168781402110244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211024455.

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The harvesting straw feed crops (silage corn, alfalfa, herbaceous mulberry, etc.) was tedious, high-labor-cost, and large-nutrient-loss. A self-propelled straw forage crop harvester, which could realize the integration of cutting, flattening and modulating, chopping, and throwing straw forage crops, was designed. The cutting angle could freely be adjusted between 0° and 8°. The max rotation speed of the flattening roller could reach 590 r/min and could be adjusted consecutively by the hydraulic control device. To verify the performance of this machine, several harvesting experiments of alfalfa, silage corn, and herbaceous mulberry with different moisture, were carried out on this machine. During the experiment, the average working speed of the machine was 1.6 m/s, the cutting height was 40–80 mm, and the flattening rate was 97.14%. It is determined that the suitable cutting speed for harvesting alfalfa is 2131 r/min; the suitable cutting speed for harvesting silage corn is 836 r/min; the suitable cutting speed for harvesting herb mulberry is 1045 r/min. The design of the machine can not only improve labor productivity and reduce the nutrient loss of forage crop but also support the silage harvesting machinery and equipment for forage crop.

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13

Hong, Sungha, Daein Kang, Deayean Kim, Yongjin Cho, and Kyouseung Lee. "Development of Single-tractor Integrated Multi-purpose Forage Harvester." Journal of Biosystems Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2016.41.3.161.

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14

K. J. Shinners, T. E. Everts, R. G. Koegel, and T. J. Kraus. "Forage Harvester Orientation Mechanism to Reduce Particle Size Variation." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 5 (1993): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28461.

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15

Dudenhoeffer, Nathan E., Brian D. Luck, Matthew F. Digman, and Jessica L. Drewry. "Simulation of the Forage Harvest Cycle for Asset Allocation." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 2 (2018): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12619.

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Abstract. Harvesting corn () for silage requires the coordination of multiple pieces of equipment to ensure rapid and economical production of silage. A model of corn harvest for silage production, capable of predicting machine work states and total harvest time for an entire field, using a single harvester, and any number of specific transport vehicles, as a function of machine specifications and field properties was developed. Three forage harvesting systems were observed using Global Positioning System (GPS) and the collected data used for model validation. The harvest model predicted harvest times within 10% of observed data and yielded similar results to a previously published cycle analysis. Model scenarios were used to explore the effect of differently sized transport vehicles on harvest time and it was found that placing transport vehicles with longer cycle times at the end of the rotation has the potential to reduce harvest time. This model can be used to determine the optimal number of transport vehicles and their dispatch order to reduce total harvest time. Keywords: Cycle analysis, Forage harvesting, Harvesting, Machinery selection, Silage.

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16

Steen, R. W. J. "Effect of grass variety type on the response in the performance of beef cattle to earlier cutting of ryegrass for silage." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960001117x.

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Increasing the digestibility of grass silage by harvesting grass at an earlier stage of growth has been shown to produce major increases in the intake and performance of beef cattle providing the increase in digestibility has not been accompanied by poorer fermentation. However there is considerable variation in the recommended optimum dates for harvesting primary growths depending on the variety type of the grass.Two experiments have been carried out to examine the interaction between ryegrass variety type and date of harvesting for silage. Two replicate swards containing equal proportions of three early-heading varieties (Cropper, Premo and Frances) (50% ear-emergence on 19 May) were harvested on 20 May (Tl), 28/29 May (T2) and 5/6 June (T3) and two swards containing equal proportions of three late-heading varieties (Perma, Preference and Parcour) (50% ear-emergence on 12 June) were harvested on 28/29 May (T4), 5/6 June (T5) and 12/14 June (T6) in 1985 and 1987. In experiment 1 the swards for the six silages were cut with a rotary mower, lifted with a precision-chop forage harvester within 15 minutes of being mown, and ensiled in trench silos. Formic acid was applied at a rate of 2.5 1/t fresh grass. In experiment 2 the swards were harvested directly using a double-chop forage harvester and the herbages were ensiled without the addition of an additive.

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17

Chestnutt, D. M. B. "Effect of forage type on the digestion of whole barley grain by ewes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600011478.

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The feeding of whole barley grain to breeding ewes is widely recommended yet it is recognised that a proportion of the grain fed in this form is usually passed intact in the faeces. It is claimed that whole grain improves the rumen fermentation process because it is broken down more slowly than milled grain and this, together with the saving in the cost of processing, means that a loss of up to 0.10 of grain intake in the faeces is considered acceptable. However there have been claims that on silage-based diets the proportion of grain passing intact in the faeces may be higher than 0.10 (Vipond, Hunter and King, 1985). In a preliminary study at this Institute with ewes on silage based diets in late pregnancy 0.18 of grain consumed was recovered intact in the faeces.In 1988 45 ewes in late pregnancy were fitted with faecal collection bags as described by Vipond, Hunter and King (1985) during two 4-day periods 5 and 3 weeks before lambing and during a further 4-day period 3 weeks after lambing. In the two pre-lambing collection periods ewes were allocated at random from uniform groups to one of 5 forages (4 silages and 1 hay). Three of the silages were made from primary growths of a ryegrass pasture, one cut on 25 May with a single-chop harvester (SI) and two cut on 8 June, one with a single-chop (S2) and one with a precision-chop (S3) harvester. The fourth silage was a second cut, harvested on 29 June with a precision-chop harvester (S4). Hay was of medium quality and was bought in. All forages were offered. ad libitum so that intake was 0.9 of forage offered. Ewes were offered 250 and 600 g/d whole barley 5 and 3 weeks before lambing respectively and 800 g/d 3 weeks after lambing. In the faecal collection after lambing all ewes received the same roughage (silage S4) and values for the proportion of intact grain in the faeces at this stage were used to adjust values 5 and 3 weeks pre-lambing by covariance.

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18

K. J. Shinners, M. Stelzle, and R. G. Koegel. "Improving the Throwing Effectiveness of an Upward-cutting Forage Harvester." Transactions of the ASAE 37, no. 4 (1994): 1059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28176.

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19

J.Hill and J. D. Leaver. "Urea treated whole crop wheat for dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018936.

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Urea treated Whole Crop Wheat (WCW) provides a stable, alkaline high DM forage, which is a potential replacement for, or complement to grass silage. Harvesting at about 600 g DM/kg facilitates both optimum crop DM production and energy concentration within the crop. Urea treatment (40 kg/t DM) at harvest prevents fermentation during storage, and may increase the crop digestibility. The nitrogen status of the forage as ammonia is also increased. The aim of these experiments was to investigate the feeding value of WCW for dairy cattle, when offered as the sole basal feed.A spring wheat crop (var. Axona) was cut at about 600 .g DM/kg (hard dough stage), chopped using a conventional forage harvester and stored in an outdoor clamp silo. Urea was added at 40 kg/t DM during harvesting. After rolling, the clamp was sheeted with polythene for 125 days until feed out.

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20

Goyal, Rajesh, J. S. Mahal, and G. S. Manes. "Performance evaluation of flail unit of forage harvester on sorghum fodder." Agricultural Research Journal 53, no. 2 (2016): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2016.00049.1.

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21

M. Roberge, P. Savoie, and E. R. Norris. "EVALUATION OF A CROP PROCESSOR IN A PULL-TYPE FORAGE HARVESTER." Transactions of the ASAE 41, no. 4 (1998): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17254.

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22

HEIJTING, S., W. VAN DER WERF, and M. J. KROPFF. "Seed dispersal by forage harvester and rigid-tine cultivator in maize." Weed Research 49, no. 2 (February 13, 2009): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00681.x.

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23

Purwin, Cezary, Maciej Starczewski, Marta Borsuk, Zenon Nogalski, Paulina M. Opyd, Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek, and Ireneusz Białobrzewski. "The Quality, Intake, and Digestibility of Virginia Fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby) Silage Produced under Different Technologies and Its Effect on the Performance of Young Cattle." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 2270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082270.

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Different harvesting and preservation methods of Virginia fanpetals herbage were evaluated, based on the chemical composition and digestible organic matter (OM) content (D-value) of silage fed to adult sheep, the intake and digestibility of silage, and the performance of young cattle. The following harvesting methods were compared: direct-cut harvesting with a precision-cut forage harvester (DC), harvesting after field wilting with a precision-cut forage harvester (WC) or a round baler (WRB). The silage was fed for 81 days to 24 Polish Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls, as the sole forage supplemented with 3.0 kg of concentrate/head/day. Harvesting methods affected the density (p < 0.001) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p = 0.047). Differences were found among the groups in the digestibility coefficients of OM (DC-73.7, WC-78.9, WRB-79.9%) (p = 0.007), and crude protein (CP) (69.8%, 77.1%, 78.5%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Dry matter intake (DMI) reached 8.38 kg (DC), 8.74 kg (WC) and 7.21 kg (WRB). Live weight gain (LWG) differed (p < 0.001) among groups (0.939, 1.033, 0.813 kg/day, respectively). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to improve in WC (8.66 kg DMI/kg LWG) (p = 0.08). The highest-quality silage was produced in group WC, and it could be successfully fed to growing bulls as the sole forage.

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24

MIYAZAKI, Masahiro, Koichiro OKAZAKI, Yuuji NAGASAKI, and Nobuhiro ITOKAWA. "Improvement of the Forage Harvest Work by a Small-Size Forage Harvester and a Driverless Transport Vehicle on the Upland Converted from Paddy Field." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 27, no. 1 (1992): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.27.14.

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25

Silveira, Daniel Duarte da, Marlon Soares Sigales, Ramón Justiniano Benítez Centurion, Ângelo Vieira dos Reis, and Mauro Fernando Ferreira. "COMPUTATIONAL TOOL FOR SELECTION AND RANKING OF PULL-TYPE FORAGE HARVESTERS." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - Reveng 29 (August 4, 2021): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.10573.

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The variety of forage harvester models available on Brazilian market demand practical tools for selecting and ranking these equipments. The present study aimed at the elaboration of an algorithm capable of providing simple and objective criteria that assist in the decision making. The communication channel of the companies was used to obtain technical specifications and price of the equipment, which were tabulated in spreadsheets. The instructions for the manipulation of the obtained data were elaborated in the software R, being calculated ranks for the following requirements considering simulated information about a farm: price (COT), productivity and price relation (PROD.COT), fuel consumption (CONS), operational comfort (CONF), versatility (VERS) and overall (GERAL). We obtained information from 45 models belonging to 8 companies. The best machine in the overall rank got similar rank in the COT, PROD.COT and CONS ranks and worst rank for CONF. The algorithm established allowed the selection and ranking of the forage harvesters analyzed, providing simple, objective and easily interpreted criteria for the use of the farmers and the technicians who assist them.

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26

Wan, Xingyu, Qingxi Liao, Yajun Jiang, and Yitao Liao. "Cattle Feeding Experiment and Chopping Device Parameter Determination for Mechanized Harvesting of Forage Rape Crop." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14341.

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HighlightsForage rape crop could effectively alleviate the lack of green forage for livestock in winter.With the growth of forage rape crop, stem lignification was exacerbated and its palatability degenerated.The relationship between particle length and palatability was explored in a cattle feeding experiment.Optimal working parameters of the chopping device were obtained for harvesting the crop in different stages.Abstract. Forage rape crop, which uses the immature plant leaf and stem of a hybrid rape crop (Brassica napus L.) with low erucic acid and glucosinolate to feed livestock, is an innovative fresh-fed feed material with the advantages of high yield, low cost, rich nutrients, and vigorous growth in winter. In this work, a systematic study was carried out on the relationships among the characteristics of forage rape crop stems, chopping device parameters of the harvester, feeding performance, and chopped particle length (PL) in different growth stages. The results of the stem characteristics tests indicated that stem lignification occurred and increased with growth of the crop from the bolting stage to the silique stage, leading to degeneration of its palatability. The cattle feeding experiment showed that when the bolting rape crop was used, the average feed intake of the cattle fed the chopped rape crop increased by 33.35%, compared to feeding the whole crop without chopping, while the average feeding time decreased by 35.44%. Further experiments on the effects of PL after chopping on feeding performance in different growth stages showed that the optimal PL values in the bolting, flowering, and silique stages were 80, 60, and 30 mm, respectively. Finally, the corresponding cutterhead rotational speeds of the chopping device were calculated as 450, 510, and 1200 r min-1, respectively. This study provides a reference for the development and application of harvesting equipment for forage rape crop. Keywords: Agricultural mechanization, Cattle feeding, Forage palatability, Harvester, Parameter matching.

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Golovkov, Aleksandr, Andrey Boiko, and Mikhail Chaava. "Justification of the choice of the type of forage harvester for farms." E3S Web of Conferences 126 (2019): 00053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912600053.

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Haigh, P. M. "Effect of Forage Harvester on Grass Silage Fermentation, Digestibility and Animal Performance." Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 71, no. 2 (October 1998): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1998.0315.

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Davies, O. D. "The effect of compound level and silage quality on the performance of October calving dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010230.

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With the introduction of milk quotas, a greater emphasis was placed on reducing input costs in milk production systems. This has led to a reduction in compound feed usage and a greater dependance on home produced forage. The objective of this trial was to examine the effects upon silage intake, milk yield, milk quality and cow performance of feeding a flat rate of 3 or 6 kg of a 160 g/kg crude protein, cereal based compound feed to October calving Friesian dairy cows receiving ad libitum grass silage harvested either during mid May or early June.In each of two years, forty multiparous, October calving Friesian dairy cows were used in a 2 x 2 factorial design experiment to examine the effects of feeding two levels of compound feed as a supplement to grass silage harvested at two cutting dates.In each year silage was made from primary growths of late flowering perennial ryegrass swards harvested from the same fields either during mid May (H) or about fourteen days later in early June (L). The herbage was cut using a disc mower/conditioner, and left in the swath for about 24 hours prior to harvesting with a precision chop forage harvester.

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Cushnahan, A., and C. S. Mayne. "Effects of Ensilage and Silage Fermentation Pattern on the Intake and Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600025563.

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It is generally acknowledged that lactating dairy cows offered grass silage consume less dry matter (DM) and produce less milk with a lower protein concentration than cows offered fresh pasture. However, there is little evidence to indicate whether these effects are due to the influence of ensiling per se or to differences in herbage composition. The aims of the current experiment were to evaluate the effects of ensiling per se and silage fermentation pattern on forage intake and dairy cow performance.A perennial ryegrass sward (Lolium perenne cvs Barlenna and Talbot) was divided into 4 areas (A, B, C and D) comprising one area of 6.7 ha (area A) and three areas of 0.7 ha (areas B, C and D). Each area received a total of 361 kg N, 74 kg P2O5 and 144 kg K2O/ha over the season. From 1 June 1993, herbage was harvested once daily from areas B, C and D using a double chop forage harvester and offered to dairy cows housed indoors during weeks 1, 2 and 3 respectively (Treatment G).

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O'Doherty, J. V., J. J. Callan, P. J. Quinn, and T. F. Crosby. "A comparison of grass silage and whole crop fodder beet Silage when fed to sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026684.

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The use of fodder beet in diets fed to cattle and sheep has always been valued highly. Recent long-term experiments have shown that the palatability and high feeding value of fodder beet is fully preserved during the ensiling process. The objective of this experiment was to compare the nutritive value of whole crop fodder beet silage with that of grass silage when fed to sheep.The grass silage was harvested from a primary growth of perennial ryegrass, which had a dry matter (DM),water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents of 191,137, and 53 g/kg DM respectively on 30/31 May following a 12 hour wilt and had 2.5 litres of formic acid applied in the field via the forage harvester. The whole crop fodder beet (var. Amigo, DM 155 g/kg; CP. 65 g/kg DM) was harvested on 30 October using a whole crop harvester. Eight cheviot cross castrated male sheep weighing on average 47 kg were randomly allocated to the two silage treatments, and then housed in metabolism cages fitted with urine and faeces separators. The trial consisted of an initial 10 day acclimatisation period and a further 10 days during which feed intake, faeces and urinary output were recorded.

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K. J. Shinners, R. G. Koegel, and P. J. Pritzl. "AN UPWARD CUTTING CUT-AND-THROW FORAGE HARVESTER TO REDUCE MACHINE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS." Transactions of the ASAE 34, no. 6 (1991): 2287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31869.

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K. J. Shinners, A. G. Jirovec, R. D. Shaver, and M. Bal. "PROCESSING WILTED ALFALFA WITH CROP PROCESSING ROLLS ON A PULL-TYPE FORAGE HARVESTER." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 16, no. 4 (2000): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.5215.

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M. F. Digman and K. J. Shinners. "Real-Time Moisture Measurement on a Forage Harvester Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy." Transactions of the ASABE 51, no. 5 (2008): 1801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25295.

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Guerra, Saulo Philipe Sebastião, Guilherme Oguri, and Raffaele Spinelli. "Harvesting eucalyptus energy plantations in Brazil with a modified New Holland forage harvester." Biomass and Bioenergy 86 (March 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.01.003.

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Eisenbies, Mark H., Timothy A. Volk, John Posselius, Shun Shi, and Aayushi Patel. "Quality and Variability of Commercial-Scale Short Rotation Willow Biomass Harvested Using a Single-Pass Cut-and-Chip Forage Harvester." BioEnergy Research 8, no. 2 (October 14, 2014): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9540-7.

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Kuzmenko, V. F., V. V. Maximenko, and O. V. Kholodiuk. "Development of means of mechanization of fodder production." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 12 (2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-11.

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Annotation Purpose.Establishing the main directions of development of technical means for the preparation of feed for the current state of development of technology in Ukraine and the world. Methods.Monographic, analytical, systematic analysis of the transformation of technical objects and technological processes of harvesting and storage of stem feeds and prospects for their development. Results. Prospects for the development of dairy farming in Ukraine are identified, the main machines for stem fodder harvesting are identified, the characteristics of domestic and foreign production machines are analyzed, their differences are determined, examples of innovative developments in some types of technical means for fodder harvesting are given. Conclusions. Feed harvesting machines produced by Ukrainian producers do not meet the needs of milk producers with more than 120–150 cows, are produced irregularly, in separate batches. Domestic manufacturers of machines for forage harvesting do not produce the entire list of necessary machines. Only the simplest machines of low productivity are issued, use of means of automation of the executed processes is absent. Based on the research of NSC “IAEE”, some samples of innovative forage harvesters and their promising working bodies have been developed and tested. In most types of machines there are noticeable signs of modularity, unification. To provide livestock producers with feed preparation machines, it is necessary to organize (program) the production of standard-sized rows of modular machines agreed with each other on productivity (working speed, width of capture) in accordance with the available energy resources. Keywords: dairy cattle breeding, fodder stem, mower, mower-shredder, stirrer, rake, press-sorter, forage harvester, standard-size range, modular structure.

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Goyal, Rajesh, J. S. Mahal, G. S. Manes, and A. Dixit. "Performance Evaluation of Tractor Operated Flail Type Forage Harvester Having Chaffing System on Maize Fodder." Agricultural Research Journal 53, no. 3 (2016): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2016.00079.x.

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K. J. Shinners, A. G. Jirovec, R. D. Shaver, and M. Bal. "PROCESSING WHOLE-PLANT CORN SILAGE WITH CROP PROCESSING ROLLS ON A PULL-TYPE FORAGE HARVESTER." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 16, no. 4 (2000): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.5214.

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Carpente, Luisa, Balbina Casas-Méndez, Cristina Jácome, and Justo Puerto. "A model and two heuristic approaches for a forage harvester planning problem: a case study." TOP 18, no. 1 (May 30, 2009): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11750-009-0104-5.

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Thinguldstad, Britta, Jennifer J. Tucker, Lisa Baxter, and Jacob R. Segers. "4 Impact of potassium application and harvest regime in alfalfa yield, forage quality and stand persistence in South Georgia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.034.

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Abstract Potassium fertilization and harvest timing can both impact stand life of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In the Southeast, high temperatures and humidity often influence harvest timing and fertilization. Current nutrient management and harvest recommendations are generated from research conducted in northern climates with different varieties. The objective of this trial is to determine the impact of potassium fertilization and harvest regime on stand persistence, forage yield, and quality of ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa in the Southeast. This study was conducted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA, on a two-year-old stand of ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa planted fall 2015. Plots were randomly assigned using a split block design. Main plots were harvest treatment: bud, and 10, 30, and 50% bloom stage. Plots were subdivided to examine K fertilization at rates: 0, 67, 101, 134, and 168 kg/ha, split 3 times throughout the season. Plots were visually assessed each harvest to determine ground cover and percent bloom. Fifty shoots were collected to evaluate leaf:stem and mass:shoot ratio, and yield was determined through harvest using a Swift forage harvester. Grab samples were collected for nutritional analysis using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Data was analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX of SAS with repeated measures analysis option at a = 0.05. Leaf:stem ratio was not significant for all main effects (P > 0.46). Harvest treatment had an effect on yield, with 10% bloom greater than bud stage (1,321 kg/ha and 1,104 kg/ha, respectively; P = 0.04). Crude protein levels were the greatest in bud stage and lowest with 50% bloom (22.8% and 21.2%; P < 0.01). Total digestible nutrients were greater in bud and 10% bloom compared to 30% and 50% (65% and 63%, respectively; P < 0.01). Potassium application and harvest regime can impact alfalfa growth. Funding for this project was provided by USDA-NIFA-AFRP grant #2016-70005-25653.

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Thinguldstad, Britta, Jennifer J. Tucker, Lisa Baxter, and Jacob R. Segers. "96 Impact of potassium application and harvest regime in alfalfa yield, forage quality and stand persistence in South Georgia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.074.

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Abstract Potassium fertilization and harvest timing can both impact stand life of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In the Southeast, high temperatures and humidity often influence harvest timing and fertilization. Current nutrient management and harvest recommendations are generated from research conducted in northern climates with different varieties. The objective of this trial is to determine the impact of potassium fertilization and harvest regime on stand persistence, forage yield, and quality of ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa in the Southeast. This study was conducted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA, on a two-year-old stand of ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa planted fall 2015. Plots were randomly assigned using a split block design. Main plots were harvest treatment: bud, and 10, 30 and 50% bloom stage. Plots were subdivided to examine K fertilization at rates: 0, 67, 101, 134 and 168 kg/ha, split 3 times throughout the season. Plots were visually assessed each harvest to determine ground cover and percent bloom. Fifty shoots were collected to evaluate leaf:stem and mass:shoot ratio, and yield was determined through harvest using a Swift forage harvester. Grab samples were collected for nutritional analysis using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Data was analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX of SAS with repeated measures analysis option at a= 0.05. Leaf:stem ratio was not significant for all main effects (P > 0.46). Harvest treatment had an effect on yield, with 10% bloom greater than bud stage (1,321 kg/ha and 1,104 kg/ha, respectively; P = 0.04). Crude protein levels were the greatest in bud stage and lowest with 50% bloom (22.8% and 21.2%; P < 0.01). Total digestible nutrients were greater in bud and 10% bloom compared to 30% and 50% (65% and 63%, respectively; P < 0.01). Potassium application and harvest regime can impact alfalfa growth. Funding for this project was provided by USDA-NIFA-AFRP grant #2016-70005-25653.

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Cerdeira-Pena, Ana, Luisa Carpente, and Carlos Amiama. "Optimised forage harvester routes as solutions to a traveling salesman problem with clusters and time windows." Biosystems Engineering 164 (December 2017): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.002.

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Amiama, Carlos, Javier Bueno, Carlos José Álvarez, and José Manuel Pereira. "Design and field test of an automatic data acquisition system in a self-propelled forage harvester." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 61, no. 2 (May 2008): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.11.006.

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Jacobs, J. L., J. Hill, and T. Jenkin. "Effect of different grazing strategies on dry matter yields and nutritive characteristics of whole crop cereals." Animal Production Science 49, no. 7 (2009): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08245.

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Forage cereals offer the potential to increase the amount of forage grown and consumed on dairy farms in southern Australia. The effect of single or multiple grazing of winter cereal forages by lactating dairy cattle on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value at grazing and on subsequent silage production harvested at the soft-dough stage of growth was determined in three studies in south-western Victoria. In the first two studies, a range of forage cereals and an annual ryegrass were grazed either once (G1) during tillering (GS 21–29), followed by locking up for silage, grazed twice (G2) (GS 21–29 and GS 32–34), followed by locking up for silage, or not grazed (NG) and harvested for silage only. In the third study, two forage cereals were either ungrazed (NG) or grazed at either GS 21, GS 24, GS 30 or GS 32 and subsequently locked up and harvested for silage. All silage harvests occurred at GS 84 (soft dough). In all studies, grazing at early tillering resulted in DM yield of less than 1.4 t DM/ha, although crude protein (CP) (30–37% DM) and estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (12.2–14 MJ/kg DM) were high. Deferring grazing until the start of stem elongation resulted in higher DM yields (1.8–4.3 t DM/ha). Silage DM yields were higher (P < 0.05) for G1 and NG treatments than for G2 in all cases apart from McKellar wheat in study 1. At silage harvest, CP and estimated ME contents of cereals were lower than for annual ryegrass. In general, total DM yields across the growing season were higher for the G1 and NG treatments compared with forages that were grazed twice before silage harvest. Deferment of a single grazing from early tillering to stem elongation did not adversely affect total DM production. However, delaying grazing until stem elongation resulted in significant declines in CP concentration and estimated ME. These studies highlight the potential of cereal forages to contribute to DM production on dairy farms in southern Australia. They can provide additional flexibility into forage systems through the provision of forage for a single grazing in early winter and in the production of high DM yield silage harvests. Cereals grazed in early winter have a high estimated ME and CP content, whereas the nutritive characteristics when harvested for silage at soft dough are of only moderate feed value. Consideration is required as to how best to incorporate these into diets of lactating dairy cattle.

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Zhang, Wei, Liang Gong, Suyue Chen, Wenjie Wang, Zhonghua Miao, and Chengliang Liu. "Autonomous Identification and Positioning of Trucks during Collaborative Forage Harvesting." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041166.

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In the process of collaborative operation, the unloading automation of the forage harvester is of great significance to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce labor intensity. However, non-standard transport trucks and unstructured field environments make it extremely difficult to identify and properly position loading containers. In this paper, a global model with three coordinate systems is established to describe a collaborative harvesting system. Then, a method based on depth perception is proposed to dynamically identify and position the truck container, including data preprocessing, point cloud pose transformation based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, segmentation and projection of the upper edge, edge lines extraction and corner points positioning based on the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, and fusion and visualization of results on the depth image. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by field experiments with different trucks. The results demonstrated that the identification accuracy of the container region is about 90%, and the absolute error of center point positioning is less than 100 mm. The proposed method is robust to containers with different appearances and provided a methodological reference for dynamic identification and positioning of containers in forage harvesting.

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MOTOBAYASHI, Kota, Tomoyuki YUKAWA, and Ryouji SASAKI. "Simulation of Harvesting and Wrapping Forage Rice uisng a Rice Whole Crop Harvester and a Bale Wrapper." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 42, no. 2 (2007): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.42.123.

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Fang, Jiachen, Masatoshi Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Chuncheng Xu, Yimin Cai, Ken-ichi Horiguchi, and Toshiyoshi Takahashi. "Fermentation quality, digestibility and unhulled rice excretion of forage paddy rice silage prepared by different harvester types." Grassland Science 57, no. 1 (February 23, 2011): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-697x.2010.00204.x.

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Rooke, J. A., and F. Kafilzadeh. "The voluntary intake and digestibility by sheep of grass silages treated with different silage inoculants." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020328.

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The selection of lactic acid bacteria for use as silage additives is normally based upon their ability to dominate the silage fermentation and not upon benefits in animal performance. The object of this study was to investigate whether two lactic acid bacteria selected for fermentation characteristics would support the same animal performance as an established silage inoculant.On 5 June 1989, first cut, predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was ensiled direct with no wilting in plastolene silos of 2 tonne capacity. The herbage was harvested with a precision chop forage harvester and the following additive treatments were applied: None, control (C); Formic acid (Add-F, BP Nutrition, 850g/kg; 3 litres/tonne), (F); inoculant E. (Ecosyl, ICI Pic, 106Lactobacillus plantarum /g): inoculant A, (Pediococcus sp, 10 /g); inoculant B (L. plantarum 106 /g). The silages were fed to 6 wether sheep (Suffolk x Halfbred), initial live-weight, 40.1 kg (s.d. 2.22kg). Because the silages were unstable aerobically and restricted quantities of each silage were available, all sheep were fed the silages in the same (random) order.

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Womac, Alvin R., Mitch D. Groothuis, Kelly Tiller, Sam W. Jackson, and Clay Dye. "Low-Moisture Switchgrass Bulk-Format Logistics Costs Based on Engineering Data." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12631.

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Abstract. Logistics costs that spanned harvest, transport, storage, preprocessing, and year-round delivery of 371,870 dMg year-1 of milled, low-moisture switchgrass (SG) to a local biorefinery were determined for bulk-format versus round-bale systems. Separate spreadsheet analyses were conducted for three diesel fuel prices ($0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1) because of the wide range of fuel prices during the project. A detailed analysis scenario identified a common harvest period, equipment annual use, other equipment uses, and protected SG storage on gravel pad, along with equipment performances based on previously published tests primarily for commercially available equipment. The bulk-format system used a depot equipped with stacker/reclaimer technology for storage, whereas the round-bale system used field-side bale stacks for storage, with both systems assuming 6% losses, primarily attributed to storage. Results indicated total costs for bulk-format versus round-bale systems of $54.63 per dry Mg (dMg-1), $60.41 dMg-1, and $66.21 dMg-1 versus $54.59 dMg-1, $62.10 dMg-1, and $67.93 dMg-1 corresponding with diesel fuel costs of $0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1, respectively. The most significant bulk-format system total cost of $22.79 dMg-1 was associated with a stacker/reclaimer, conveyance, and dust collection at the depot, which was 42% of total costs at a diesel fuel cost of $0.53 L-1. For the round-bale system, bale chopping total costs was highest and represented an average of 27% of total costs, with costs ranging from $14.63 dMg-1 to $19.08 dMg-1 for diesel fuel input costs ranging from $0.53 L-1 to $1.32 L-1, respectively. For comparison, the forage harvester provided harvesting and chopping in the bulk-format system at total costs ranging from $6.47 dMg-1 to $8.80 dMg-1 across the same range of diesel fuel input cost. The forage harvester provided an economic advantage in size reduction compared to tub grinding. Truck hauling for both the bulk-format and round-bale systems represented significant expenses at all selected fuel costs. In addition, the multiple times that round bales were handled represented accumulating costs that were sensitive to diesel fuel costs. Keywords: Bales, Bioenergy, Bulk format, Densification, Field chop, Logistics, Transportation.

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